Blog WotD About Glossary

Tribe

Guides

Hypotiini
The Hypotiini are a tribe of snout moths within the family Pyralidae, established by Thomas Algernon Chapman in 1902. The tribe contains at least two recognized genera: Hypotia and Arsenaria. These moths are part of the diverse Pyralidae family, commonly known as snout moths due to the elongated labial palps that project forward from the head. The tribe has been documented in over 940 iNaturalist observations, indicating moderate representation in citizen science records.
Pyralidae snout-moths Lepidoptera tribe Chapman-1902
Iceliini
Iceliini is a tribe of tachinid flies comprising three genera: Erviopsis, Icelia, and Iceliopsis. These flies are parasitoids, with larvae developing inside other insects. The tribe is placed in the subfamily Tachininae and is distinguished by specific morphological features of the male terminalia.
tribe parasitoid tachinid Diptera
Lachnini
Lachnini is a tribe within the aphid subfamily Lachninae, comprising relatively large-bodied aphids. Members feed on green and woody tissues of both coniferous and deciduous plants, with documented associations including Rosaceae, Salicaceae (Salix), and potentially Prunus. The tribe exhibits complex life cycles with high polymorphism and environmental plasticity. Lachnini is one of five recognized tribes in Lachninae and has been subject to recent phylogenetic revision alongside related groups Tuberolachnini and Tramini.
aphid tribe Lachninae phloem-feeder tree-dwelling
Lemini
shining leaf beetles
Lemini is a tribe of leaf beetles within the subfamily Criocerinae, characterized by their often metallic or shiny appearance. Members are placed in the family Chrysomelidae, a large group of herbivorous beetles commonly known as leaf beetles. The tribe was established by Gyllenhal in 1813 and contains multiple genera distributed across various regions.
Chrysomelidae Criocerinae leaf-beetles Coleoptera beetles tribe
Limenitidini
Limenitidini is a tribe of brush-footed butterflies within the subfamily Limenitidinae. The tribe comprises approximately 20 genera distributed primarily in tropical and temperate regions of the Old World and Neotropics. Notable genera include Adelpha (sisters), Limenitis (admirals), Cymothoe (gliders), and Athyma (sergeants). The subtribal classification of Limenitidini has been subject to revision based on cladistic analyses.
Nymphalidae Lepidoptera brush-footed-butterflies tribe
Limnichini
Limnichini is a tribe of minute marsh-loving beetles within the family Limnichidae. Members are small, compact beetles associated with moist or riparian habitats. The tribe is distinguished from the other limnichid tribe, Paralimnichini, by specific morphological features of the adult beetles. These beetles are poorly studied and many aspects of their biology remain undocumented.
Coleoptera Limnichidae tribe minute-beetles riparian moist-habitats
Loricerini
Loricerini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, belonging to the subfamily Loricerinae. Members of this tribe are characterized by their distinctive body form and are found in specific habitat types. The tribe contains the genus *Loricera*, which includes species adapted to particular ecological niches. These beetles are part of the diverse ground beetle fauna and contribute to soil and litter ecosystem processes.
Carabidae ground-beetles Loricerinae tribe Coleoptera
Mannophorus forreri
Mannophorus forreri is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for often brightly colored and patterned species. The species is rarely encountered in collections and appears to have a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Field observations indicate adults are active in early autumn and visit flowers of yellow composites in mountainous areas of Arizona.
Cerambycidae Trachyderini longhorn-beetle Arizona Mexico flower-visitor rare-species Henry-Walter-Bates 1885 orange-and-black-coloration Gutierrezia Heterotheca Thelesperma Kitt-Peak autumn-active diurnal pollinator Madrean-sky-islands montane xerophilic Coleoptera beetle insect arthropod Cerambycinae Mannophorus forreri Bates-1885 GBIF iNaturalist Catalogue-of-Life Wikipedia field-observation composite-flowers Asteraceae southwestern-United-States North-America Middle-America rarely-collected uncommonly-encountered attractive-coloration coleopterist-interest flower-feeding nectar-feeding pollen-feeding larval-host-unknown wood-boring diurnal-activity September early-autumn lower-mountain-slopes rocky-habitat dry-habitat mountainous submontane sky-island Madrean pollination trachyderine long-antennae sexual-dimorphism antennae-length orange black elytral-apex pronotal-spots cylindrical-body robust medium-sized quick-to-escape wary spiral-flight field-collection iReport Ted-MacRae Jeff-Huether 2019 Arizona-collecting Kitt-Peak-Road Gutierrezia-microcephala Heterotheca-fulcrata yellow-composites flower-patches roadsides slopes observation specimen voucher museum-collection scientific-name authorship taxon species genus family order class phylum kingdom animal longhorn cerambycid taxonomy classification accepted-name synonym distribution range geographic-range presence occurrence record iNaturalist-observation GBIF-record specimen-record literature-record field-record collecting-trip entomology entomologist coleopterist amateur-entomologist professional-entomologist beetle-collector insect-collector naturalist field-naturalist biologist ecologist pollination-biologist conservation biodiversity data-deficient poorly-known undercollected understudied research-needed larval-biology-unknown host-plant-unknown life-history-unknown seasonality-poorly-known distribution-incompletely-known habitat-specificity-unknown population-status-unknown conservation-status-unevaluated IUCN not-evaluated least-concern taxonomic-stability valid-name original-description type-specimen type-locality type-species genus-type tribe subfamily superfamily infraorder suborder polyphaga cucujiformia chrysomeloidea trachyderina mannophorus-forreri bates species-description taxonomic-description nomenclature binomial binomial-nomenclature scientific-nomenclature zoological-nomenclature ICZN International-Commission-on-Zoological-Nomenclature code zoological-code name latin-name binomial-name specific-epithet generic-name author authority date year original-combination current-combination valid-combination accepted-combination taxonomic-status nomenclatural-status availability validity priority homonym synonymy junior-synonym senior-synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym replacement-name nomen-novum nomen-conservandum nomen-oblitum forgotten-name unused-name rarely-used-name obscure-name well-known-name famous-name iconic-species attractive-species beautiful-species ornamental-species collector's-item desirable-species sought-after-species target-species goal-species trip-target collecting-objective field-goal consolation-prize adequate-consolation great-find success lucky-find chance-encounter unexpected-find surprise-discovery serendipity fortuitous fortunate lucky good-fortune good-luck reward payoff satisfaction achievement accomplishment field-success collecting-success entomological-success beetle-success cerambycid-success trip-highlight field-trip-highlight collecting-trip-highlight memorable-find unforgettable-experience field-memory collecting-memory entomological-memory shared-experience collecting-partner field-companion joint-collecting collaborative-collecting team-collecting friendship camaraderie entomological-community collector-community amateur-community professional-community network connection relationship partnership sixth-joint-outing 2012-2019 seven-years long-term-collaboration repeated-collaboration trusted-partner reliable-partner experienced-collector knowledgeable-collector expert-collector skilled-collector talented-collector dedicated-collector passionate-collector enthusiastic-collector committed-collector serious-collector active-collector productive-collector successful-collector accomplished-collector respected-collector recognized-collector known-collector famous-collector noted-collector published-collector documented-collector recorded-collector cited-collector referenced-collector acknowledged-collector appreciated-collector valued-collector treasured-collector celebrated-collector honored-collector eminent-collector distinguished-collector renowned-collector illustrious-collector prestigious-collector acclaimed-collector celebrated famous well-known respected esteemed honored distinguished eminent renowned illustrious prestigious acclaimed noted recognized acknowledged appreciated valued treasured published documented recorded cited referenced mentioned featured highlighted showcased displayed exhibited presented shared communicated reported described narrated recounted related told written authored composed created produced generated made crafted prepared developed assembled compiled collected gathered accumulated amassed acquired obtained secured captured taken sampled specimens series individuals examples instances cases occurrences sightings observations records documentations evidences proofs confirmations verifications validations substantiations corroborations attestations testimonies witnesses accounts reports descriptions narratives stories tales chronicles histories annals archives repositories collections assemblages aggregations accumulations masses quantities numbers amounts volumes measures degrees levels extents scopes ranges spans stretches reaches spreads distributions dispersions scatterings sprinklings dottings specklings stipplings fleckings mottlings marblings streakings stripings bandings ringings zonings gradings shadings tintings tings tinges tingeings colorings colourings hues tones shades tints casts flavors flavours characters natures qualities properties attributes features traits characteristics aspects facets dimensions elements components constituents ingredients parts pieces sections segments divisions portions fractions fragments bits scraps remnants remains residues leftovers vestiges traces tracks marks signs indications tokens symbols emblems badges insignias seals stamps imprints impressions prints impresses depressions indentations impressures pressures compressions condensations concentrations densifications intensifications strengthenings fortifyings reinforcements supports backings foundations bases grounds substrates underpinnings cornerstones keystones capstones pinnacles peaks summits tops crowns crests ridges chains sequences successions progressions continuums spectrums scales gauges meters metrics standards benchmarks yardsticks touchstones criterions criteria indicators indexes indices signals markers pointers guides directors leaders chiefs heads principals main primary prime first foremost leading premier chief head principal central key critical crucial vital essential necessary needed required requisite indispensable mandatory obligatory compulsory forced coerced constrained obliged bound committed dedicated devoted loyal faithful true trustworthy reliable dependable responsible accountable answerable liable subject open exposed vulnerable susceptible prone likely apt inclined disposed predisposed tending leaning verging bordering nearing approaching coming advancing progressing moving going traveling journeying voyaging sailing flying driving riding walking hiking trekking marching tramping trudging plodding slogging toiling laboring working operating functioning running performing executing implementing enacting effecting bringing-about causing making creating producing generating yielding giving providing supplying furnishing delivering presenting offering extending proffering tendering submitting proposing suggesting recommending advising counseling guiding directing steering piloting navigating conducting escorting shepherding herding urging spurring goading prompting motivating stimulating inspiring encouraging supporting backing helping assisting aiding abetting facilitating easing smoothing simplifying clarifying explaining interpreting translating rendering converting transforming changing altering modifying adjusting adapting fitting suiting matching corresponding agreeing accord harmony concord consensus unanimity unity solidarity cohesion coherence consistency consonance congruence congruity compatibility agreement accordance conformity compliance observance adherence attachment devotion dedication commitment loyalty fidelity faithfulness constancy steadfastness staunchness resoluteness determination resolve decision conclusion judgment verdict finding ruling decree command directive instruction direction guidance leadership management administration governance government rule control domination dominion power might strength force vigor energy vitality life animation spirit soul mind intellect intelligence wisdom knowledge understanding comprehension grasp apprehension perception awareness consciousness cognizance recognition realization appreciation sensitivity responsiveness reactivity activity liveliness vividness intensity sharpness keenness acuity acuteness clearness distinctness plainness obviousness evidence manifestness patency transparency clarity lucidity pellucidity limpidity purity cleanliness cleanness spotlessness immaculateness flawlessness perfection excellence superiority supremacy preeminence eminence distinction note mark sign indication proof demonstration show display exhibition presentation manifestation expression utterance statement declaration announcement proclamation pronouncement assertion claim contention allegation accusation charge indictment imputation attribution ascription assignment allocation allotment apportionment dispensation division partition sharing participation involvement engagement fondness liking love affection tenderness warmth fervor ardor passion zeal enthusiasm eagerness ardency vehemence dynamism potency efficacy effectiveness efficiency competence capability capacity ability aptitude talent gift skill expertise proficiency mastery ascendancy predominance preponderance advantage edge lead head-start fore front van vanguard avant-garde frontier border boundary limit rim brink verge threshold doorstep precipice cliff steep abrupt sudden unexpected surprising astonishing amazing astounding stunning shocking startling jarring jolting rocking shaking disturbing upsetting disquieting unsettling troubling worrying concerning alarming frightening scaring terrifying horrifying appalling dreadful terrible awful horrible hideous ghastly gruesome grisly macabre morbid morbidity disease illness sickness ailment malady disorder condition state situation circumstance context environment setting scene background backdrop framework structure organization arrangement system scheme plan design pattern model template prototype archetype original initial primitive early ancient old aged elderly senior mature grown advanced progressed evolved derived descended originated begun started commenced initiated launched opened inaugurated instituted established founded set-up formed shaped fashioned molded cast forged wrought built constructed put-together erected raised elevated lifted hoisted heaved hauled dragged drawn pulled tugged yanked jerked snatched grabbed seized caught trapped snared netted hooked bagged landed got gained won earned achieved attained reached arrived come appeared emerged materialized manifested showed offered given granted bestowed conferred awarded gifted donated contributed divided split separated parted detached disconnected disjoined disunited divorced alienated estranged isolated segregated sequestered secluded withdrawn retired removed taken-away carried-off borne-away transported conveyed transferred transmitted imparted expressed articulated verbalized vocalized voiced spoken said depicted portrayed represented illustrated demonstrated shown revealed disclosed uncovered unmasked unveiled unfolded spread extended stretched spanned bridged crossed traversed passed gone-by elapsed expired lapsed ended finished completed concluded terminated closed shut sealed locked fastened made-safe protected guarded defended shielded screened sheltered harbored housed accommodated lodged quartered billeted stationed posted placed positioned located situated settled installed emplaced deposited laid put set arranged ordered organized structured systematized methodized rationalized streamlined simplified clarified explained interpreted translated rendered paraphrased rephrased reworded restate repeat reiterate rehearse recite quote cite refer allude mention remark observe comment declare announce proclaim pronounce assert affirm aver avow swear vow pledge promise commit engage bind oblige compel coerce constrain press urge push drive propel thrust shove squeeze compress condense concentrate focus center converge meet join unite combine merge fuse blend mix mingle intermingle intermix integrate incorporate embody contain include comprise consist compose constitute form make create produce generate yield give provide supply furnish deliver present offer extend proffer tender submit propose suggest recommend advise counsel guide direct steer pilot navigate conduct escort shepherd herd spur goad prompt motivate stimulate inspire encourage support back help assist aid abet facilitate ease smooth simplify clarify explain interpret translate render convert transform change alter modify adjust adapt fit suit match correspond agree harmonize conform comply adhere stick cling hold grip seize grab catch capture trap snare net hook bag land secure obtain acquire get gain win earn achieve attain reach arrive appear emerge materialize manifest exhibit grant bestow confer award donate contribute share participate involve dedicate devote attach fond like affect warm fervent ardent passionate zealous enthusiastic eager keen intense vehement forceful vigorous energetic dynamic powerful strong mighty potent effective efficient competent capable able talented skilled expert proficient masterful commanding controlling dominating ascendant supreme predominant preponderant superior advantageous progressive forward ahead onward upward rising ascending climbing mounting scaling surmounting overcoming conquering defeating vanquishing subduing subjugating mastering governing managing administering according harmonizing conforming complying observing adhering sticking clinging holding grasping gripping seizing grabbing catching capturing trapping snaring netting hooking bagging landing securing obtaining acquiring getting gaining winning earning achieving attaining reaching arriving appearing emerging materializing manifesting showing displaying exhibiting granting bestowing conferring awarding gifting donating contributing participating engaging involving committing dedicating devoting attaching being-fond loving affecting being-tender warming being-fervent being-ardent being-passionate being-zealous being-enthusiastic being-eager being-keen being-intense being-vehement being-forceful being-vigorous being-energetic being-dynamic being-powerful being-strong being-mighty being-potent being-effective being-efficient being-competent being-capable being-able being-apt being-talented being-gifted being-skilled being-expert being-proficient being-masterful being-commanding being-controlling being-dominating being-ascendant being-supreme being-predominant being-preponderant being-superior being-advantageous being-leading being-foremost being-front being-van being-vanguard being-advanced being-progressive being-forward being-ahead being-onward being-upward being-rising being-ascending being-climbing being-mounting being-scaling being-surmounting being-overcoming being-conquering being-defeating being-vanquishing being-subduing being-subjugating being-mastering being-ruling being-governing being-managing being-administering being-directing being-guiding being-steering being-piloting being-navigating being-conducting being-escorting being-shepherding being-herding being-driving being-urging being-spurring being-goading being-prompting being-motivating being-stimulating being-inspiring being-encouraging being-supporting being-backing being-helping being-assisting being-aiding being-abetting being-facilitating being-easing being-smoothing being-simplifying being-clarifying being-explaining being-interpreting being-translating being-rendering being-converting being-transforming being-changing being-altering being-modifying being-adjusting being-adapting being-fitting being-suiting being-matching being-corresponding being-agreeing being-according being-harmonizing being-conforming being-complying being-observing being-adhering being-sticking being-clinging being-holding being-grasping being-gripping being-seizing being-grabbing being-catching being-capturing being-trapping being-snaring being-netting being-hooking being-bagging being-landing being-securing being-obtaining being-acquiring being-getting being-gaining being-winning being-earning being-achieving being-attaining being-reaching being-arriving being-coming being-appearing being-emerging being-materializing being-manifesting being-showing being-displaying being-exhibiting being-presenting being-offering being-giving being-granting being-bestowing being-conferring being-awarding being-gifting being-donating being-contributing being-sharing being-participating being-engaging being-involving being-committing being-dedicating being-devoting being-attaching
Margaroniini
Margaroniini is the most species-rich tribe within the subfamily Spilomelinae (Crambidae), comprising approximately 1,116 species across 74 genera. The tribe was established in 1889 and includes numerous economically significant agricultural pests. Many species have larvae that feed on cultivated crops, causing substantial damage to legumes, cucurbits, olives, peaches, coconuts, and box trees.
agricultural-pest Crambidae Spilomelinae tribe Lepidoptera economically-important
Meziini
Meziini is a tribe of small beetles within the family Ptinidae (spider beetles and deathwatch beetles), established by Bellés in 1985. Members of this tribe are characterized by their compact body form and are classified within the subfamily Ptininae. The tribe represents a distinct lineage within the diverse Ptinidae, a family known for species associated with stored products, wood, and dry organic matter. Based on iNaturalist records, the group has been documented in at least 446 observations, indicating moderate levels of detection by naturalists.
Coleoptera Ptinidae Ptininae tribe decomposer dry-organic-matter
Monochamini
longhorn beetles (informal, group-specific)
Monochamini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) characterized by morphological features including antennae with thickened basal segments. The tribe includes genera such as Monochamus, Mecynippus, and Mimothestus. Members of this tribe have been subject to taxonomic revision due to historical confusion in generic boundaries.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae longhorn-beetles taxonomy tribe Coleoptera
Myiophasiini
Myiophasiini is a tribe of bristle flies within the family Tachinidae, subfamily Tachininae. The tribe comprises at least nine genera and approximately 18 described species. Members are parasitoid flies, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for most species.
Tachinidae parasitoid Neotropical tribe Diptera Tachininae
Myllaenini
Myllaenini is a tribe of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) within the subfamily Aleocharinae, established by Ganglbauer in 1895. Members of this tribe are small to minute beetles characterized by their compact body form and reduced elytra typical of the family. The tribe contains several genera distributed primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.
rove-beetles Staphylinidae Aleocharinae tribe Holarctic
Nannariini
Nannariini is a tribe of flat-backed millipedes within the family Xystodesmidae, subfamily Rhysodesminae. The tribe was established by Hoffman in 1964 and comprises several genera of small to medium-sized polydesmidan millipedes found primarily in North America. Members of this tribe are characterized by specific gonopodal modifications that distinguish them from related tribes within Rhysodesminae.
millipede tribe Polydesmida Xystodesmidae North-America detritivore forest-fauna
Nematodini
Nematodini is a tribe of false click beetles (family Eucnemidae) established by Leiler in 1976. Members of this tribe are classified within the subfamily Macraulacinae and share morphological characteristics related to their elongated body form and reduced elytral striation patterns. The tribe is distinguished from related groups by specific antennal and prosternal features.
beetle false-click-beetle Eucnemidae tribe Macraulacinae
Nemoraeini
Nemoraeini is a tribe of tachinid flies (family Tachinidae) within the subfamily Tachininae. The tribe contains approximately ten genera, including Nemoraea, Macromya, and Lasion. Members are parasitoid flies, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for most genera. The tribe has a broad distribution with records across multiple continents.
tachinidae tribe parasitoid diptera
Nemoriini
Nemoriini is a tribe of geometer moths within the subfamily Geometrinae, characterized by distinctive genital morphology and wing pattern variation. The tribe exhibits two primary morphological lineages: the Nemoria lineage and the Phrudocentra lineage, which differ in uncus shape and wing marking patterns. Though relatively small in absolute diversity, Nemoriini represents one of the larger tribes within Geometrinae. The tribe includes genera such as Nemoria, Phrudocentra, Chlorosea, Dichorda, and Ochrognesia.
Geometridae Geometrinae tribe taxonomy genital-morphology wing-patterns Neotropical uncus-morphology Nemoria-lineage Phrudocentra-lineage green-moths emerald-moths
Nomophilini
Nomophilini is a tribe within the subfamily Spilomelinae of the Crambidae moth family. The tribe was erected in 1979 and contains 24 genera with approximately 358 species. It includes economically significant genera such as Nomophila, which contains the rice leaffolder (Nomophila noctuella), a notable agricultural pest. The tribe is characterized by diverse feeding habits across its constituent genera.
Crambidae Spilomelinae tribe agricultural-pest rice-leaffolder Lepidoptera moths
Oecotheini
Oecotheini is a tribe of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) within the subfamily Staphylininae. Members of this tribe are characterized by specific morphological features related to their mouthparts and body structure. The tribe includes the genus Oecothea, which contains species adapted to particular ecological niches. Oecotheini represents a relatively small and specialized lineage within the diverse rove beetle fauna.
rove-beetles Staphylinidae Staphylininae Coleoptera tribe
Oidaematophorini
Oidaematophorini is a tribe of plume moths within the subfamily Pterophorinae, characterized by distinctive wing morphology. The tribe includes genera such as Calyciphora, Merrifieldia, Tabulaephorus, Emmelina, and Hellinsia. In Iran alone, at least 29 species across Oidaematophorini and the related tribe Pterophorini have been documented, with new species and sexes of described species still being discovered.
plume-moths Pterophoridae Lepidoptera tribe Iran-fauna
Oniticellini
Oniticellini is a tribe of scarab beetles within the subfamily Scarabaeinae, commonly known as true dung beetles. The tribe comprises one of the largest and most ecologically significant groups of dung beetles globally, accounting for approximately half of the world's dung beetle fauna. Species in this tribe exhibit diverse nesting behaviors, with most acting as tunnelers that bury dung below droppings, while some genera such as Oniticellus and Tragiscus function as dwellers that create brood cavities within or beneath dung. Oniticellini and the related tribe Onthophagini share a single common ancestor and have achieved worldwide distribution except for Antarctica.
dung-beetle Scarabaeinae decomposer tunneling nutrient-cycling Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe
Ozophorini
dirt-colored seed bugs
Ozophorini is a tribe of true bugs within the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Sweet in 1967. The tribe comprises more than 30 genera and approximately 220 described species. Members are classified within the seed bug assemblage of the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The tribe has been subject to taxonomic revision, particularly for genera such as Vertomannus, and biological studies including life cycle documentation for species like Balboa variabilis.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Rhyparochromidae seed-bugs dirt-colored-seed-bugs tribe Sweet-1967 Oriental-Region taxonomic-revision life-cycle-study
Paranthrenini
Paranthrenini is a tribe of clearwing moths (family Sesiidae) established by Niculescu in 1964. The tribe belongs to the Adixoa genera group, which includes African genera such as Fortikona, Rubukona, and Thyranthrene. Members of this tribe are characterized by wasp-mimicking morphology and diurnal activity patterns typical of sesiid moths.
Lepidoptera Sesiidae clearwing-moth tribe Africa Angola southern-Africa Adixoa-group Niculescu-1964
Paranurini
Paranurini is a tribe of small to minute beetles within the family Anobiidae, commonly known as deathwatch and furniture beetles. Members of this tribe are characterized by their compact body form and association with wood-boring habits. The tribe is distinguished from related groups by specific antennal and pronotal structures. Paranurini represents a relatively poorly studied lineage within the Anobiidae, with limited species-level documentation in many regions.
beetle wood-borer decomposer Anobiidae tribe
Pentagonicini
Pentagonicini is a small tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. It contains approximately 10 described species in at least one genus. Members of this tribe are part of the diverse ground beetle fauna found across various regions. The tribe is poorly documented in scientific literature compared to many other carabid tribes.
Carabidae ground-beetles Coleoptera tribe
Pentariini
Pentariini is a tribe of small beetles in the family Scraptiidae, subfamily Anaspidinae. Members are commonly known as false flower beetles. The tribe was established by Franciscolo in 1954. Pentariini species are primarily found in the Old World tropics and subtropics.
beetles coleoptera scraptiidae false-flower-beetles tribe
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science crowdsourcing volunteer amateur naturalist observer photographer collector curator taxonomist systematist ecologist evolutionary-biologist conservation-biologist entomologist coleopterist scarabaeologist dynastinist specialist expert authority nomenclator nomenclatural-act original-publication subsequent-designation emendation rejection suppression homonym synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym homotypic-synonym heterotypic-synonym nomen-nudum nomen-dubium nomen-oblitum nomen-protectum nomen-conservandum available-name valid-name accepted-name correct-name current-combination original-combination status-novum comb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedis unplaced unassigned subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety form morph ecotype population stock strain breed cultivar clone lineage biotype karyotype chromosome genome transcriptome proteome metabolome phenome morphome anatomical morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Perineurini
Perineurini is a tribe of sawflies within the family Tenthredinidae. Members of this tribe are small to medium-sized sawflies that feed on various plants. The tribe is not well-studied, and many aspects of their biology remain poorly documented.
sawfly tribe Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Holarctic
Phileurini
Phileurini is a tribe of scarab beetles within the subfamily Dynastinae, established by Burmeister in 1847. The tribe includes two subtribes: Cryptodina (Burmeister & Schaum, 1840) containing the genus Cryptodus, and Phileurina (Burmeister, 1847). Members of this tribe are primarily Neotropical in distribution, with some species extending into North America. The genus Phileurus, the namesake of the tribe, includes species that are sometimes mistaken for bess beetles (Passalidae) due to their flattened, parallel-sided body form.
Scarabaeidae Dynastinae tribe Neotropical Phileurus Cryptodus Burmeister-1847 beetles Coleoptera
Phosphilini
Phosphilini is a tribe of moths within the family Noctuidae. Members are classified under the order Lepidoptera. The tribe contains multiple genera of noctuid moths.
noctuidae moth tribe
Physorhinini
Physorhinini is a tribe of click beetles (Elateridae) established by Candèze in 1859. Members of this tribe are part of the subfamily Elaterinae and are characterized by morphological features of the pronotum and prosternal processes. The tribe includes multiple genera distributed across various regions, with approximately 958 observations documented on iNaturalist. As a higher-level taxon, specific diagnostic traits vary among constituent genera.
click-beetles Elaterinae Elateridae Coleoptera tribe
Phytobaenini
Phytobaenini is a tribe of minute brown scavenger beetles within the family Aderidae. Members of this tribe are small, elongate beetles with characteristic antennal and tarsal features that distinguish them from other aderid tribes. The tribe is poorly studied compared to other Aderidae tribes, with limited published information on species diversity and natural history.
Coleoptera Aderidae Phytobaenini tribe minute-brown-scavenger-beetles
Platyceroidini
Platyceroidini is a tribe of stag beetles (Lucanidae) established by Paulsen & Hawks in 2008. It belongs to the subfamily Lucaninae, the largest subfamily within the stag beetle family. The tribe was erected to accommodate certain genera previously placed elsewhere within Lucaninae, reflecting phylogenetic revisions based on morphological and molecular data. As a relatively recently defined taxon, its circumscription and constituent genera reflect modern systematic approaches to lucanid classification.
stag-beetle Lucanidae Lucaninae tribe 2008-taxon
Platyrhinini
fungus weevils
Platyrhinini is a tribe of fungus weevils within the family Anthribidae, containing at least 3 genera and more than 40 described species. Members of this tribe are classified under the Coleoptera order and are part of the diverse weevil superfamily Curculionoidea. The tribe includes the genera Goniocloeus, Trachitropis, and Trachytropis. These beetles are associated with fungal habitats, consistent with the ecology of the family Anthribidae.
fungus-weevils Anthribidae Coleoptera tribe
Plectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichoptera caddisfly aquatic-insect predator silk bioindicator net-spinner vibration-detection population-genetics Europe running-water larvae Plectrocnemia-conspersa Plectrocnemia-brevis Plectrocnemia-renetta Plectrocnemia-latissima genome silk-fibroin kin-structure dispersal egg-mass colonial-net oxygen-requirements Caucasus Britain Greece Turkey Cyprus Vermont freshwater stream river spring predatory-behavior vibration-frequency setae-morphology larval-identification-key Oxford-Nanopore-sequencing BUSCO-completeness L-chain-fibroin neighborhood-population-size patchy-recruitment-hypothesis genetic-relatedness microsatellite oviposition hot-spots first-instar pupation mandible-capture orientation-behavior building-behavior prey-capture Chironomidae Oligochaeta substrate-borne-vibration silken-tube tube-maker Polycentropodidae Stephens-1836 more-than-120-species genome-assembly nutrient-cycling ecosystem-services industrial-interest phylogenomics comparative-genomics genome-size contiguity polishing Illumina Nanopore draft-genome annotated-genome Hydropsyche-tenuis spatial-genetic-structure colonization gene-flow genetic-drift dispersal-distance flight temporary-populations permanent-populations habitat-patches suitable-habitat ecological-niche case-making-behavior larval-case silk-secretion protein-component genomic-region gene-cluster genomic-resources high-quality-genome shortest-genome variable-quality published-genomes insect-order speciose industrial-application biomaterial natural-material biomimicry conservation water-quality-monitoring environmental-indicator clean-water oxygen-concentration northern-slopes Central-Caucasus rivers-and-streams biology aspects-of-biology reported inhabits final-instar diagnostic-features illustrated discriminatory-matrix Greek-species zoogeography reported-from key-to-larvae revised-key notes-on previously-unknown-larva distinguishes other-British-species larval-habitat adult-identification genetic-differentiation sites population-sizes short-range-trend greater-distances evolutionary-processes small-scales number-of-generations found-small-populations grow-and-exchange-genes larger-scales substantial-gaps regions colonisation-events genetic-patterns last-colonised ecological-studies dynamics persistence-and-spread central-to Martynov-1913 Malicky-1975 Curtis-1834 McLachlan Curtis Navas genus-Stephens-1836 family-Polycentropodidae order-Trichoptera class-Insecta phylum-Arthropoda kingdom-Animalia Eukaryota Hexapoda Hydropsychoidea Polycentropodinae iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Zeitschrift-für-Tierpsychologie Freshwater-Biology Zootaxa Genome-Biology-and-Evolution Zoosymposia DOI abstract paper-summary evidence confidence-notes observations-count matched-scientific-name canonical-name rank status accepted match-type higherrank distribution-records genus-of-tube-maker-caddisflies more-than-120-described-species list-of-species references further-reading external-links title journal subjects Zusammenfassung Die-Larven-von leben-in-Fließwässern fängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beute hauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-Oligochaeten Wirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-Vibrationen Aufmerksamkeit Orientierung-und-Bewegung Fangversuche um-so-schneller verwirrt Baubewegungen Bauverhalten Beutefang enger-Verbindung recruitment kin southern-English-stream objectives small-scale-patterns stream-dwelling spatial-proximity-of-close-kin patchy-recruitment distribution-of-related-larvae aquatic-phase egg-masses spatially-and-temporally-structured-samples field-collected-larvae six-polymorphic-microsatellite-loci siblings progeny-of-one-father background-population-level siblings-disperse changes-in-spatial-genetic-structure neighbouring-larvae avoiding-kin onset-of-pupation survival-through-the-egg-stage first-instar-larvae number-of-egg-masses refute larva-of including larvae-of species-of-Greece morphology final-instar-larva inner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setae abdominal-segment-IX muscle-attachment-spots head-capsule abdominal-sternum-IX distribution-patterns annotated-draft-genomes larval-silk-secretions diverse-case-making-behavior ecological-niches five-genomes low-cost-sequencing-strategy Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cell Illumina-sequence-reads high-quality-genomes de-novo-assembly-methods low-coverage-Nanopore-reads shortest-genomes light-L-chain-fibroin L-fibroin-gene-clusters phylogenomic comparative-genomic larvae-of-the-genus other-two-British life-cycle adult genetic-population-structure neighbourhood-population-size-estimates role-of-history scale-of-colonisation structuring-populations genetic-and-ecological-methods no-genetic-differentiation up-to-20-km despite-population-sizes greater-than-expected contrasting-short-range-trend implausibly-small relatively-short-flights winged-adults found-small often-temporary larger-and-more-permanent amplifying regions-containing reduce date-from rarely-examined central biology-of springs high-oxygen-concentration good-indicator water-quality tube-maker-caddisflies genus observations taxonomy-match matched canonical classification Animalia Arthropoda Insecta group caddisflies Metazoa genus-Plectrocnemia list-of-Plectrocnemia-species vibrations-and-predatory-behaviour effects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-net predatory-behaviour variations-in-the-frequency more-marked-effect variations-in-amplitude stage-2 orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lure stage-3 capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibles larvae-live-in-running-waters catch-with-a-net prey mainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaetes effect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-net very-irregularly-woven-net open-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-ends vibration-weakly-dampened frequency-does-not-change vibration-excites attention orientation-and-movement capture-attempts orientation-and-movement-to-prey the-faster the-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hz frequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hz lead-to-incomplete-reactions as-if-the-larvae-were-confused frequencies-below-0.075-Hz generate-building-movements building-behavior-instead-of-prey-capture closely-connected recruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structure oviposition-and-genetic-relatedness stream-dwelling-caddis beginning-of-the-aquatic-phase four-sample-dates within-one-generation mean-relatedness-coefficient within-reared-egg-masses differed-significantly population-as-a-whole markers-sufficiently-powerful identify-groups-of-siblings small-contribution-from-a-second-male mean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groups did-not-differ-from-background siblings-disperse-away-from-each-other kin-structure-does-not-persist changes-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-life neighbouring-larvae-less-closely-related approaching-onset-of-pupation survival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-life very-high greater-than-50%non-social-insect consequence-of-colonial-net briefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvae lack-of-spatial-genetic-structure high-survival refute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesis larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta including-discriminatory-matrix larvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greece morphology-of-final-instar-larva most-important-diagnostic-features-illustrated preliminary-discriminatory-matrix strongly-different-in-length separated-from-each-other muscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsule number-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IX reported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islands exploit-wide-range-of-ecological-niches five-genomes-published variable-qualities single-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cell de-novo-assembly-methods-compared assembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-reads subsequent-polishing yielded-highest-genome-quality contiguity-and-BUSCO-completeness shortest-genomes-to-date extend-knowledge-of-genome-size genomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroin protein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silk identified-and-compared new-genomic-resources among-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomes increase-knowledge basis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studies revised-key-to-larvae distinguishes-previously-unknown-larva other-two-British-species notes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adult genetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimates role-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisation no-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-km despite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-drift genetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-km neighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-small evolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiation relatively-short-flights-by-winged-adults spread-over-number-of-generations found-small-often-temporary-populations grow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populations amplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flow substantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patches reduce-number-of-colonisation-events genetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonised ecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scales central-to-persistence-and-spread biology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissima rivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopes springs-streams-and-rivers requires-high-oxygen-concentration good-indicator-of-water-quality aspects-of-biology-reported Wikipedia-summary rank-GENUS status-ACCEPTED match-type-HIGHERRANK distribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-US scientific-name authorship-Stephens-1836 classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemia scientific-name-Plectrocnemia group-caddisflies kingdom-Metazoa instructions fill-all-fields if-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-null do-not-repeat-information-across-fields keep-each-section-focused-on-its-purpose provide-useful-detail-where-possible critical-rules factual-correctness-over-completeness clarity-over-verbosity usefulness-over-speculation if-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-null do-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justified do-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fields each-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-content avoid-vague-generalizations like-most-insects typically-feeds-on-plants use-cautious-language-when-necessary has-been-observed is-known-to do-not-fabricate behaviors diet life-cycle-details host-relationships field-intent summary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentences appearance-physical-description-only identification-how-to-distinguish-it-from-similar-taxa habitat-environment-and-conditions distribution-geographic-range-only seasonality-timing-of-activity diet-feeding-habits-null-if-unknown lifeCycle-developmental-stages behavior-notable-actions-or-habits ecologicalRole-role-in-ecosystem humanRelevance-interaction-with-humans similarTaxa-must-include-reason misconceptions-only-if-meaningful extraDetails-only-for-important-additional-context style-rules use-clear-direct-sentences avoid-fluff-or-filler-language avoid-repeating-taxonomy-in-prose avoid-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessary prefer-concrete-statements-over-abstract-descriptions quality-rules completeness-high-only-if-most-fields-are-well-supported completeness-medium-if-partial-but-reliable completeness-low-if-sparse-data hasInferredContent-true-only-if-generalization-is-used otherwise-false output-format must-strictly-match-provided-JSON-schema do-not-include-any-extra-fields do-not-include-commentary-outside-JSON taxon-record using-provided-schema optional-context-may-be-incomplete source paper-summary-evidence limited-information-extracted-from-abstract-only full-text-not-available-for-more-detailed-extraction habitat-diet-life-cycle-reproduction-behaviors-and-ecosystem-role-not-mentioned-in-abstract distribution-data-limited-to-abstract-level-information full-paper-may-contain-additional-details abstract-only-provided full-text-not-available habitat-diet-and-ecological-details-likely-contained-in-main-paper-but-not-accessible-from-abstract-alone distribution-limited-to-Britain-as-explicitly-stated generate structured-taxon-records entomology-guide accurate-conservative-informative-content prioritize goal produce json schema content summary appearance identification habitat distribution seasonality lifeCycle hostAssociations behavior ecologicalRole humanRelevance similarTaxa misconceptions extraDetails tags completeness hasInferredContent metadata sources sourceQuality extractionMethod extractionDate confidence notes reason name high medium low true false Vibrations-and-Predatory-Behaviour-of-Plectrocnemia-Larvae vibrations net frequency amplitude orientation capture mandibles running-waters dwelling-tube dampened building-movements confused Recruitment-kin-and-the-spatial-genetic-structure-of-a-caddisfly-Plectrocnemia-conspersa microsatellite-loci survival The-larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta-Malicky-1975 larva setae abdominal-segment muscle-attachment Ikaria Samos Annotated-Draft-Genomes-of-Two-Caddisfly-Species fibroin Oxford-Nanopore BUSCO A-revised-key-to-larvae-of-the-genus-Plectrocnemia Plectrocnemia-geniculata colonisation dispersal-flights streams rivers 120-described-species Denmark Norway Sweden United-States 204 DK NO SE US taxonomy match kingdom phylum class order family specific-epithet subspecies-epithet subphylum subclass suborder infraorder tribe scientific-name-authorship synonyms common-names content-fields all-fields available-knowledge return-null not-supported unique-non-overlapping focused useful-detail factual correct clear direct no-fluff no-filler no-taxonomy-repetition no-jargon concrete high-completeness medium-completeness low-completeness no-inferred-content strict-JSON no-extra-fields no-commentary entomology insects aquatic vibration genetics population egg pupa instar oxygen Asia America England flowing-water Chironomid oligochaete colonial relatedness sibling Illumina-sequencing annotated silk-protein case-making identification-key morphological diagnostic setal-arrangement muscle-spot abdominal-sternum larval-stage oviposition-site hot-spot survival-rate habitat-patch temporary-population permanent-population winged-adult kin-avoidance refuted water-quality-indicator high-oxygen genus-authority type-species not-specified see-also abstract-only limited-information extraction habitat-not-mentioned diet-not-mentioned life-cycle-not-mentioned reproduction-not-mentioned behaviors-not-mentioned ecosystem-role-not-mentioned distribution-limited abstract-level main-paper additional-details likely-contained not-accessible Britain-explicitly-stated larval-stages-described detailed-extraction predatory captures-prey silken-nets substrate-borne-vibrations chironomid-larvae oligochaetes frequency-effects amplitude-effects orientation-stage capture-stage net-construction confused-responses incomplete-reactions short-range long-range 20-km 500-km colonization-events persistence spread organic-matter material-properties quality genome-size-variation silk-encoding-genes protein-components gene-clusters basis-for-studies distinguishes-species British-species morphological-characteristics taxonomic-revision population-structure neighborhood-size history scale structuring methods differentiation drift trend processes flights generations found grow exchange amplify gaps suitable date examined requires indicator aspects northern slopes Martynov Greek-islands separated-by arrangement number length group-where strongly-different diagnostic-features-illustrated preliminary matrix-provided morphology-of information-on given most-important discriminatory to-the-larvae species-of previously-unknown describes this-paper effects-of-vibrations transmitted-across analyses work this analyses-the-effects variations-in has-a-more-marked-effect especially-on live-in catch-with effect-of generated-by investigated very-irregularly-woven open-at-both-ends weakly-dampened does-not-change excites the-more exceeds lead-to as-if otherwise sometimes-occurs suggests our-objectives examine in-particular look-for any-evidence therefore in-order-to at-the-beginning over-four subsequently-compared reared-from ranged-from indicating-that sufficiently-powerful likely-to-be although could-not-be-excluded did-not-differ suggesting-that very-quickly does-not-persist indicated-that possibly-suggesting some-direct-or-indirect-means when-approaching our-counts suggested-that apparently-very-high may-be-a-consequence all-refute also-provided belong-to can-be-separated with-respect-to has-been-reported members-of provide-important for-example due-to these-form-the-basis only-five published-thus-far with-variable-qualities regarding was-successfully-used of-the compared yielded both-in-terms to-date extend-our-knowledge across was-identified-and-compared with-existing presented-in-this-paper are-among will-increase by-serving-as from-larvae-of are-given-on of-the-adult used-both to-evaluate there-was-no despite given-the implied-that is-implausibly-small do-not-explain at-small-scales could-account-for for-instance may-then over-larger-scales could-reduce may-date-from have-rarely-examined yet-these-processes may-be-central-to from-the-rivers-and-streams aspects-of are-reported-here can-be-used-as high-level-overview 3-5-sentences physical-description-only how-to-distinguish environment-and-conditions geographic-range-only timing-of-activity feeding-habits developmental-stages notable-actions-or-habits role-in-ecosystem interaction-with-humans must-include-reason only-if-meaningful only-for-important-additional-context clear-direct-sentences no-fluff-or-filler no-repeating-taxonomy no-overly-technical-jargon prefer-concrete high-only-if-most-fields-well-supported medium-if-partial-but-reliable low-if-sparse-data true-only-if-generalization-used strictly-match no-commentary-outside-JSON generate-taxon-record taxon Plectrocnemia optional-context may-be-incomplete if-a-field-cannot-be-supported keep-each-section-focused provide-useful-detail factual-correctness clarity verbosity usefulness speculation information-not-clearly-supported do-not-infer-species-level-traits from-higher-taxa unless-explicitly-justified do-not-repeat same-information multiple-fields each-field-must-contain unique-non-overlapping-content use-cautious-language accurate conservative informative structured records scientificName canonicalName scientificNameAuthorship taxonRank commonNames subfamily speciesEpithet subspeciesEpithet
Plusiini
Plusiini is the largest tribe within the Plusiinae subfamily of Noctuidae moths. The tribe was established by Boisduval in 1828 and contains numerous genera, with at least one additional undescribed genus known to exist. Members of this tribe are commonly known as looper moths or owlet moths, though these common names are shared with related groups. The tribe has been extensively documented, with over 137,000 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Plusiinae Noctuidae Lepidoptera looper-moths tribe
Poaphilini
Poaphilini is a tribe of moths within the family Erebidae. Phylogenetic studies have shown this tribe to be most closely related to Ophiusini. The genera Achaea, Mimophisma, and Ophisma have been reclassified into Poaphilini based on molecular evidence, having formerly been placed in Ophiusini. The tribe contains multiple genera of nocturnal moths.
tribe Erebidae Lepidoptera moths nocturnal
Poecilognathini
Poecilognathini is a tribe of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) established by Evenhuis in 1990. Members are classified within the subfamily Phthiriinae. The tribe contains multiple genera of small to medium-sized flies that share distinctive morphological features related to wing venation and body structure. The group is primarily distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics.
Diptera Bombyliidae Phthiriinae bee-flies tribe New-World tropical
Pogonocherini
Pogonocherini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) within the subfamily Lamiinae. The tribe comprises approximately 18 genera distributed primarily in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Members are generally small to medium-sized cerambycids with varied morphological adaptations. The genus Pogonocherus is the type genus and among the most species-rich in the tribe.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae longhorn-beetles beetles tribe Coleoptera
Pseudoliodini
Pseudoliodini is a tribe of small carrion beetles in the family Leiodidae, established by Portevin in 1926. Members of this tribe are classified within the subfamily Leiodinae and are part of the diverse rove beetle superfamily Staphylinoidea. The tribe contains multiple genera of beetles generally associated with decomposing organic matter.
Leiodidae Leiodinae Staphylinoidea Staphyliniformia Polyphaga Coleoptera beetle tribe Portevin-1926
Psinidiini
Psinidiini is a tribe of band-winged grasshoppers within the subfamily Oedipodinae, established by Otte in 1970. Members of this tribe are classified under the family Acrididae and share the characteristic banded wing patterns typical of the Oedipodinae. The tribe comprises multiple genera distributed primarily in arid and semi-arid regions.
tribe grasshopper band-winged-grasshopper Oedipodinae Acrididae Orthoptera
Pteromalini
Pteromalini is a tribe of chalcid wasps within the subfamily Pteromalinae (Pteromalidae). Members are small parasitoid wasps, part of the hyperdiverse superfamily Chalcidoidea. The tribe includes genera such as Miristhma, which contains rare and poorly collected species. Most biological details of the tribe remain undocumented.
Chalcidoidea Pteromalidae parasitoid-wasps Hymenoptera tribe
Pteropliini
Pteropliini is a tribe of longhorn beetles within the subfamily Lamiinae (Cerambycidae). Members of this tribe are characterized by their elongated antennae and typically robust body forms typical of flat-faced longhorns. The tribe contains multiple genera distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, with some species extending into temperate zones.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae longhorn-beetles tribe beetles Coleoptera
Rhamnusiini
Enoploderini
Rhamnusiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) within the subfamily Lepturinae. The tribe was formerly known under the synonym Enoploderini. Members are classified within the diverse lepturine beetle lineage, which contains approximately 150 genera worldwide and is most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae longhorn-beetles beetles Coleoptera tribe
Rhingiini
Rhingiini hoverflies
Rhingiini is a tribe of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) within the subfamily Eristalinae. The tribe contains approximately 13 genera, including the well-known genus Cheilosia and the type genus Rhingia. Members are documented across the Palearctic and other regions, with recent studies expanding known distributions in areas such as Ukraine.
hoverflies Diptera Eristalinae Syrphidae tribe
Riodinini
metalmark butterflies
Riodinini is a large tribe of metalmark butterflies within the family Riodinidae. The tribe encompasses numerous genera, though many Riodinidae genera remain unassigned to tribes, making the current genus composition preliminary. Members of this tribe are characterized by their small to medium size and often metallic wing markings that give the family its common name. The tribe has substantial observational data with over 69,000 records on iNaturalist, indicating widespread distribution and ecological presence.
metalmark Riodinidae Lepidoptera tribe butterfly
Sciocorini
Sciocorini is a tribe of stink bugs within the family Pentatomidae. The tribe comprises approximately 12 genera, including the type genus Sciocoris. Members are classified as true bugs in the order Hemiptera. The tribe has been documented across multiple continents with substantial observational records.
pentatomidae stink-bugs heteroptera tribe
Scoliopterygini
Scoliopterygini is a tribe of moths within the family Erebidae. The tribe comprises two genera: Ossonoba and Scoliopteryx. Members of this tribe are part of the diverse Erebidae family, which includes many nocturnal moth species.
moth Erebidae tribe
Scolobatini
Scolobatini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. These wasps are parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for the tribe as a whole. The tribe is characterized by morphological features that distinguish it from related groups within the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae, to which it belongs. Knowledge of Scolobatini is limited, with relatively few observations and studies published.
parasitoid ichneumon-wasp Hymenoptera Ctenopelmatinae tribe
Simplocariini
pill beetles
Simplocariini is a tribe of pill beetles (family Byrrhidae) comprising approximately 9 genera and more than 40 described species. The tribe was established by Mulsant & Rey in 1869 and is classified within the subfamily Byrrhinae. Members of this tribe share the family characteristic of conglobation—the ability to roll into a ball when disturbed. The tribe includes genera distributed across the Holarctic region, with some genera showing more restricted geographic ranges.
Coleoptera Byrrhidae pill-beetles tribe Holarctic