Psyllid

Guides

• Calophyidae

  Calophyidae is a family of jumping plant lice (psyllids) within the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera). Members of this family are phloem-feeding insects that induce galls on host plants, with several species studied as classical biological control agents for invasive weeds. The family contains four recognized subfamilies: Atmetocraniinae, Calophyinae, Metapsyllinae, and Symphorosinae. Notable genera include Calophya, which contains multiple species associated with Schinus species (Anacardiaceae).

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousegall-inducerbiological-controlphloem-feederSternorrhyncha

• Ceanothia bicolor

  Ceanothia bicolor is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1957. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it is a sap-feeding insect associated with host plants. The genus Ceanothia is named after its association with Ceanothus plants. This species is known from limited collection records in California.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaCalifornia-endemic

• Ceanothia ceanothi

  Ceanothia ceanothi is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae, described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with Ceanothus host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to a group of sap-feeding insects that specialize on particular plant taxa. Distribution records indicate presence in western North America.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchawestern-North-AmericaCeanothus-associated

• Ceropsylla

  Ceropsylla is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Triozidae. The genus includes Ceropsylla sideroxyli, known as the False-Mastic Psylla, which causes severe damage to leaves of the false-mastic tree (Sideroxylon foetidissimum). Psyllids in this genus are small, sap-feeding hemipterans with host-specific relationships to their plant hosts.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestSideroxylon

• Ceropsylla sideroxyli

  False-Mastic Psylla

  Ceropsylla sideroxyli is a psyllid (jumping plant louse) known for causing severe damage to the leaves of the false-mastic tree (Sideroxylon foetidissimum). The species was described by Riley in 1885 and is placed in the family Triozidae. It is native to the southeastern United States where its host tree occurs.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestmonophagousSideroxylonTriozidae

• Craspedolepta

  Craspedolepta is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae. Species occur in Europe, Japan, and North America. Several European species have been documented, including C. artemisiae, C. flavipennis, C. malachitica, C. nebulosa, C. nervosa, C. sonchi, and C. subpunctata. C. nebulosa and C. subpunctata are notable as the first Aphalaridae psyllids found to harbor 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', a phloem-limited bacterium associated with crop diseases.

  psyllidAphalaridaeLiberibactervectorfireweedScotlandaltitudinal-distribution

• Craspedolepta angustipennis

  Narrowwinged Sand Grasshopper

  Craspedolepta angustipennis is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1911. The species was originally placed in the genus Aphalara before being transferred to Craspedolepta. It belongs to the Hemiptera order, commonly known as true bugs. The taxonomic history and current placement reflect ongoing revisions within the Psylloidea superfamily.

  psyllidAphalaridaeHemipteraSternorrhynchaNorth-America

• Craspedolepta furcata

  Craspedolepta furcata is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Caldwell in 1936. As a member of the Psylloidea superfamily, it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts and jumping ability typical of this group. The species is known from scattered distribution records across North America including Alberta, Arkansas, Alaska, British Columbia, and California. Like other psyllids, it likely develops on specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraAphalaridaeNorth-America

• Craspedolepta gutierreziae

  Craspedolepta gutierreziae is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Aphalaridae, originally described as Aphalara gutierreziae by Klyver in 1931. The species is associated with Gutierrezia host plants. Records indicate presence in western North America including Alberta, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

  psyllidAphalaridaeSternorrhynchaplant-feedingwestern-North-AmericaGutierrezia-associated

• Craspedolepta martini

  Craspedolepta martini is a species of jumping plant louse (family Aphalaridae) described by Van Duzee in 1924. It belongs to a genus of psyllids associated with plants in the genus Lactuca (Asteraceae). Like other members of the family Aphalaridae, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plants. The species is known from western North America, with records from California.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraAphalaridaeNorth-AmericaCalifornia

• Craspedolepta nebulosa

  Craspedolepta nebulosa is a species of psyllid (family Aphalaridae) in the order Hemiptera. It is a small sap-feeding insect with 34 documented observations on iNaturalist and distribution records from multiple sources. The species was first described by Zetterstedt in 1828. As a member of the psyllid group, it likely feeds on plant phloem and may be associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited in available sources.

  psyllidHemipteraAphalaridaesap-feederZetterstedt-1828

• Craspedolepta pulchella

  Craspedolepta pulchella is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1911. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant lice associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family. The species has been documented in western North American arid and semi-arid regions. Like other psyllids, it feeds on plant phloem sap and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis with distinct nymphal stages.

  psyllidAphalaridaeSternorrhynchawestern-North-Americaphloem-feeder

• Craspedolepta sonchi

  A psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, associated with Sonchus (sow thistle) and related Asteraceae plants. The specific epithet 'sonchi' reflects this documented host relationship. Like other psyllids, it feeds on phloem sap and may induce gall formation on host plants.

  psyllidAphalaridaephloem-feederSonchusAsteraceae-specialist

• Craspedolepta suaedae

  Craspedolepta suaedae is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with plants in the genus Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae), a salt-tolerant plant group. It is known from arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The genus Craspedolepta is characterized by distinctive wing venation and genitalia morphology.

  psyllidSternorrhynchasaline-habitathost-specificSuaeda

• Cryptoneossa

  Cryptoneossa is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae, established by Taylor in 1990. Psyllids in this family are small, phloem-feeding hemipterans that often exhibit high host plant specificity. The genus is part of the diverse Psylloidea superfamily, which contains numerous economically significant agricultural pests. Species within Cryptoneossa are associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited for many taxa.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseAphalaridaeHemipteraAustralasia

• Cryptoneossa triangula

  Corymbia psyllid

  Cryptoneossa triangula is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Taylor in 1990. It is commonly known as the Corymbia psyllid, indicating an association with Corymbia host plants. The species belongs to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, placing it among the sap-feeding insects. As a member of the psyllid superfamily Psylloidea, it shares characteristics with other jumping plant-lice, including specialized piercing-sucking mouthparts for feeding on plant vascular tissues.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaAustralian-insectCorymbia-associate

• Ctenarytaina

  eucalyptus psyllids, blue gum psyllids

  Ctenarytaina is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Aphalaridae, native to Australia and associated primarily with Myrtaceae. The genus includes economically significant pest species that have been introduced to multiple continents, particularly Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which threatens eucalyptus forestry and ornamental foliage industries. Several species have established adventive populations outside their native ranges, with documented impacts in Ireland, Chile, Colombia, and other regions. The genus exhibits strong host plant associations, with most species being monophagous or narrowly oligophagous on Eucalyptus, Syzygium, and other Myrtaceae.

  psyllidMyrtaceae-pestbiological-controlinvasive-speciesforestry-pestadventive-specieshoneydew-producerSternorrhyncha

• Ctenarytaina eucalypti

  Bluegum psyllid, Eucalyptus psyllid

  Ctenarytaina eucalypti is a small psyllid (jumping plant louse) native to Australia that has become an invasive pest of Eucalyptus trees worldwide. It feeds on phloem sap, causing damage to young foliage and producing honeydew that promotes sooty mold growth. The species has established populations in Europe, North America, South America, and elsewhere, often threatening ornamental and commercial Eucalyptus plantations. Its life cycle includes multiple overlapping generations per year with complex overwintering strategies involving eggs and nymphs in temperate climates.

  psyllidEucalyptus-pestinvasive-speciesbiological-controlornamental-foliage-pesthemipteranSternorrhyncha

• Ctenarytaina spatulata

  Rose Gum Psyllid

  Ctenarytaina spatulata is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, described by Taylor in 1997. It is associated with Eucalyptus hosts and has been introduced to multiple continents beyond its native Australian range. The species has established populations in Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. It is one of numerous exotic insects linked to global forestry trade, particularly involving eucalyptus plantations.

  psyllideucalyptusinvasive-speciesforestry-pestHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Diaphorina

  Diaphorina is a genus of Old World sap-sucking hemipteran bugs in the family Liviidae, containing approximately 68 to 74 species. The genus is typified by the subfamily Diaphorininae and includes Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, a globally significant agricultural pest. Species in this genus are phloem-feeders primarily associated with host plants in the Rutaceae family.

  psyllidsap-feedingagricultural-pestvectorcitrus-pestOld-Worldphloem-feeder

• Diaphorina citri

  Asian citrus psyllid, ACP

  Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a small hemipteran insect and one of two confirmed vectors of Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Native to southern Asia, it has spread to citrus-growing regions worldwide including the Americas, Middle East, and Oceania, posing a severe threat to global citrus production. The insect feeds on phloem sap of new citrus growth and has become the focus of intensive biological control, monitoring, and genomic research efforts due to its economic impact.

  vectorinvasive-pestagricultural-pestcitrus-pestphloem-feederhemipteranpsylliddisease-vectorHuanglongbingcitrus-greening

• Diaphorininae

  Diaphorininae is a subfamily of psyllids within the family Psyllidae. Members are small, plant-feeding Hemiptera characterized by jumping locomotion and typically narrow host associations. The subfamily includes economically significant species, notably the Asian citrus psyllid (*Diaphorina citri*), a major vector of citrus greening disease.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchacitrus-pestplant-feeding-insect

• Diclidophlebia

  Diclidophlebia is a pantropical genus of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) established by Crawford in 1920. The genus contains approximately 25 described species distributed across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Multiple species are documented crop and forestry pests, with known associations to hosts in Melastomataceae, Sterculiaceae, Irvingiaceae, and other plant families. Some species have been investigated as potential biological control agents for invasive plants.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestphloem-feedermultivoltinetropicalforestry-pestcrop-pestbiological-control-candidate

• Diclidophlebia fremontiae

  flannelbush psyllid

  Diclidophlebia fremontiae is a species of psyllid (family Liviidae) originally described by Klyver in 1930. It is commonly known as the flannelbush psyllid, indicating an association with flannelbush plants (Fremontodendron spp.). The species belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of sap-feeding insects often referred to as jumping plant lice. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular tissues.

  psyllidLiviidaeSternorrhynchaplant-feedingCalifornia-endemic

• Eucalyptolyma

  Eucalyptolyma is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Froggatt in 1901. Species in this genus are associated with Eucalyptus trees, their namesake host plants. The genus contains multiple described species native to Australia. These insects are small, sap-feeding hemipterans with jumping hind legs characteristic of psyllids.

  psyllidlerp-insectEucalyptus-pestAustralian-endemicSternorrhyncha

• Eucalyptolyma maideni

  Spotted Gum Lerp Psyllid

  Eucalyptolyma maideni is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, commonly known as the Spotted Gum Lerp Psyllid. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, it is a sap-feeding insect that produces protective carbohydrate coverings called lerps on host plants. The species is associated with eucalypt trees in Australia.

  psyllidlerpeucalyptsap-feederCorymbia

• Euglyptoneura

  Euglyptoneura is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Psyllidae, established by Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Psyllids in this genus are small, sap-feeding hemipterans associated with host plants. The genus is part of the diverse Psylloidea superfamily, which contains numerous agricultural and ecological pests.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaHemiptera

• Euglyptoneura fuscipennis

  Euglyptoneura fuscipennis is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. Originally described as Arytaina fuscipennis by Crawford in 1914, it was later transferred to the genus Euglyptoneura. Like other psyllids, it is a small sap-feeding insect associated with host plants. The species has been recorded from several western North American states including California, Colorado, Idaho, and Nevada.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchawestern-North-America

• Euglyptoneura robusta

  Euglyptoneura robusta is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. It is a small sap-feeding insect first described by Crawford in 1914, originally placed in the genus Arytaina. The species is known from western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, and British Columbia. Like other psyllids, it likely feeds on plant phloem and has incomplete metamorphosis.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feederwestern-North-AmericaHemipteraPsyllidaeEuglyptoneuraCrawford-1914Arytaina-robustaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoIdahoBritish-Columbia

• Euphyllura

  olive psyllids, olive psylla

  Euphyllura is a genus of plant-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera: Liviidae) established by Arnold Förster in 1848. Species are primarily associated with olive (Olea europaea) and related host plants in the Oleaceae. The genus is predominantly Palaearctic in distribution, with most species occurring in southern Europe and Asia, though records extend to southern Africa and western North America. Several species are economically significant pests of olive cultivation, including E. olivina, E. phillyreae, and E. straminea, which damage developing inflorescences and fruits. The genus exhibits typical psyllid biology with temperature-dependent reproduction and seasonal diapause strategies.

  agricultural-pestolive-pestpsyllidSternorrhynchaMediterraneanbiological-controlendosymbiontdiapause

• Euphyllura olivina

  olive psyllid

  Euphyllura olivina is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae that feeds exclusively on olive (Olea europaea). Native to the Mediterranean region, it has become invasive in California where it threatens olive production. The species develops two generations annually, with spring and autumn reproductive activity and summer reproductive diapause induced by high temperatures. Nymphal infestations concentrate near fruits and on shaded, lower canopy portions. Temperature sensitivity shapes its distribution and seasonal activity patterns.

  pestinvasiveoliveagriculturalbiological-controlMediterraneanCaliforniapsyllidSternorrhyncha

• Euphyllurinae

  Euphyllurinae is a subfamily of jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea) within the family Liviidae. The subfamily includes economically significant species such as the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), a major vector of citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Until recently, the subfamily was unknown from the Americas, with the 2023 description of Burckhardtiana from Brazil representing the first Neotropical record.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaagricultural-pestvectorcitrusbiological-controlinvasive-species

• Freysuila phorodendri

  Freysuila phorodendri is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. It is associated with mistletoe plants in the genus Phoradendron, as indicated by its species epithet. The genus Freysuila contains relatively few described species and is poorly studied. Available records are sparse, with limited published information on its biology.

  psyllidhemipteraSternorrhynchaplant-lousemistletoe-associated

• Glycaspis

  Glycaspis is a genus of plant-parasitic psyllids in the family Aphalaridae. Species in this genus are strongly associated with Eucalyptus host plants. The genus includes at least two described species: Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid), a significant invasive pest of eucalyptus plantations worldwide, and Glycaspis granulata. Many Glycaspis species exhibit high host specificity, often restricted to single Eucalyptus species or closely related host groups. The genus is native to Australia, where it shows patterns of short-range endemism linked to host plant distribution.

  psyllidlerpeucalyptuspestinvasiveAustraliaforestryhemipteraSternorrhynchaphloem-feedermultivoltinebiological-controlhost-specificityshort-range-endemism

• Glycaspis brimblecombei

  Red Gum Lerp Psyllid

  Glycaspis brimblecombei, the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid, is an invasive sap-sucking insect native to Australia that has become a significant pest of Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. First described by Moore in 1964, this psyllid has spread to North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, causing substantial damage to forestry productivity. Nymphs construct protective sugary coverings called lerps while feeding on leaf phloem, and their multivoltine life cycle enables rapid population growth. The species is a major target for biological control efforts using parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi.

  invasive-speciesforestry-pestEucalyptus-pestpsyllidlerp-formingbiological-control-targetmultivoltineAustralian-native

• Gyropsylla

  paraguay tea ampul, ampola da erva-mate

  Gyropsylla is a genus of psyllids in the family Aphalaridae, containing species that are significant agricultural pests of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). The genus includes G. spegazziniana, commonly known as 'paraguay tea ampul' or 'ampola da erva-mate', which is a major pest in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina where yerba mate is cultivated. These insects are phloem feeders that damage the economically important native crop. No registered insecticides exist for this pest in Brazil, making biological control research particularly important.

  psyllidyerba-mate-pestagricultural-pestbiological-control-targetSouth-AmericaIlex-paraguariensisphloem-feederentomopathogenic-fungi-susceptibility

• Gyropsylla ilecis

  Yaupon Psyllid

  Gyropsylla ilecis, commonly known as the Yaupon Psyllid, is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae. It is associated with yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) as its host plant. The species has been documented in the southeastern United States, particularly Florida and Georgia. Its common name reflects this specific host relationship.

  psyllidsap-feederhost-specificsoutheastern-USIlexornamental-pest

• Heteropsylla texana

  Mesquite Psyllid

  Heteropsylla texana is a psyllid (family Psyllidae) native to Texas, USA, that feeds on Prosopis species (mesquite). It was introduced to Australia as a biological control agent for invasive mesquite weeds. The species is highly host-specific, with sustained populations only on Prosopis spp. It causes severe distortion of growing leaf and floral shoots through phloem feeding.

  psyllidbiological-controlmesquiteinvasive-species-managementphloem-feeder

• Heterotrioza

  Heterotrioza is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Triozidae, established by Dobreanu & Manolache in 1960. Members of this genus are sap-feeding insects associated with plants in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus includes at least one documented species in Egypt, Heterotrioza chenopodii, which has been studied for its seasonal abundance patterns.

  psyllidTriozidaeSternorrhynchasap-feederAmaranthaceaeEgypt

• Homotoma ficus

  Mediterranean fig psyllid, fig psylla

  Homotoma ficus is a Mediterranean psyllid species in the family Homotomidae, commonly known as the Mediterranean fig psyllid or fig psylla. It has been introduced to regions outside its native range, including Serbia, through the cultivation of fig plants. The species can cause economic damage to its host plant in certain years. First described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Chermes ficus, it is now classified under the genus Homotoma.

  psyllidfig-pestagricultural-pestintroduced-speciesMediterraneanHemipteraHomotomidaeFicusphloem-feeder

• Katacephala grandiceps

  Katacephala grandiceps is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Liviidae, subfamily Diaphorininae. First described by Crawford in 1914, it serves as the type species for the genus Katacephala. The genus comprises six species distributed in the Neotropics, all associated with host plants in the family Myrtaceae.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseMyrtaceaeNeotropicalHemipteraSternorrhynchaDiaphorininaetype-species

• Kuwayama

  Kuwayama is a genus of psyllid bugs in the family Triozidae, established by Crawford in 1911. The genus belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. Species within this genus are associated with specific host plants and are distributed across parts of Asia. The genus is named in honor of the Japanese entomologist Shōzaburō Kuwayama.

  psyllidTriozidaeSternorrhynchaplant-feeding-insect

• Kuwayama medicaginis

  Kuwayama medicaginis is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant-lice that feed on host plants. The specific epithet medicaginis suggests an association with Medicago (legume) species, though detailed biological information remains limited in available sources.

  Triozidaepsyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Lauritrioza

  bay sucker

  Lauritrioza is a monotypic genus of psyllids (Hemiptera: Triozidae) containing the single species L. alacris. The genus is defined by its obligate association with Laurus species, on which it induces distinctive leaf-edge galls. Adults and nymphs inhabit these galls, with nymphs producing white waxy secretions. The genus has expanded from its native European range through human-mediated introduction to western North America, Brazil, and Jordan.

  psyllidgall-formerLauraceaepestintroduced-speciesmonotypic-genus

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  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• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconserv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nchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteran

• Leuronota fagarae

  Wild Lime Psyllid

  Leuronota fagarae (Wild Lime Psyllid) is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, native to Paraguay and invasive in Florida, USA since 2001. It feeds on Zanthoxylum fagara (wild lime), a citrus relative in the Rutaceae family, causing characteristic rolled leaf edges that shelter developing nymphs. The species is taxonomically related to Diaphorina citri, the vector of Huanglongbing (citrus greening), and their ranges overlap in Florida's transition zones between wild and cultivated citrus habitats. A novel Wolbachia endosymbiont strain (wLfag-FL, supergroup B) has been characterized from this species, revealing potential nutritional provisioning roles and informing research on symbiont-based pest control strategies.

  invasivepsyllidWolbachiaendosymbiontphloem-feederRutaceaeFloridaParaguay

• Leuronota maculata

  Leuronota maculata is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. As a member of the psyllid superfamily Psylloidea, it shares characteristics with other jumping plant lice, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in published literature.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseTriozidaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Leuronota maritima

  Leuronota maritima is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, originally described as Trioza maritima by Tuthill in 1944 and later transferred to the genus Leuronota. It belongs to the Hemiptera order, a group of true bugs characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has 28 documented observations on iNaturalist and 79 distribution records in GBIF, though specific ecological details remain limited in the available literature.

  psyllidTriozidaeHemipteraLeuronotaTrioza-maritimajumping-plant-louse

• Livia

  Livia is a genus of plant lice (psyllids) in the family Liviidae, distributed across the Palaearctic and Nearctic realms. The genus serves as the type genus for its family. Nymphs are known to form galls in the developing shoots of rushes and sedges.

  psyllidplant-lousegall-formerwetland-insectHemipteraSternorrhyncha