Cryptic
Guides
Clypastraea lugubris
minute hooded beetle
Clypastraea lugubris is a species of minute hooded beetle in the family Corylophidae. It is one of the smallest beetles in North America, measuring approximately 2 millimeters in length. The species is found across much of North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba) and the United States. It belongs to a family commonly known as minute hooded beetles or minute fungus beetles, characterized by a distinctive shelf-like projection of the pronotum that conceals the head.
Clypastraea ornata
minute hooded beetle, minute fungus beetle
Clypastraea ornata is a minute beetle in the family Corylophidae, commonly known as minute hooded beetles or minute fungus beetles. Adults measure approximately 2 millimeters in length. The genus Clypastraea is characterized by a pronotum with a shelf-like projection that conceals the head. This species is found in association with fungi and mold in rotting wood and under bark on dead trees. It is one of 61 species in ten genera of Corylophidae recorded north of Mexico.
Coniopteryginae
dusty lacewings
Coniopteryginae is a subfamily of dusty lacewings in the family Coniopterygidae, characterized by their small size and distinctive powdery or waxy coating that gives them a moth-like appearance. Members of this subfamily are among the smallest lacewings, with reduced wing venation compared to other neuropterans. They are primarily predatory as both larvae and adults, feeding on small soft-bodied arthropods such as mites and scale insects. The subfamily is distinguished from the other coniopterygid subfamily, Aleuropteryginae, by several morphological features including wing structure and genitalia.
Corticaria varicolor
Corticaria varicolor is a minute beetle species in the family Latridiidae (plaster beetles), described by Fall in 1899. The species is known from a single observation in British Columbia, Canada, and is characterized by its small size and variable coloration as suggested by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus, it likely inhabits moist, decaying organic matter. Very little is known about its biology due to its rarity and cryptic habits.
Cossoninae
Cossoninae is a subfamily of true weevils within the family Curculionidae. Members of this subfamily are characterized by their small to medium size and association with woody substrates, including timber, leaf litter, and plant roots. The group exhibits considerable diversity in habitat preference, with species found in marine/coastal environments, forest leaf litter, and specialized niches such as sand dunes and the phloem of living trees. Many species possess reduced or absent eyes (anophthalmous or microphthalmous) and exhibit endogean or cryptic lifestyles. The subfamily includes both economically significant timber pests and ecologically important decomposers.
Coxelus serratus
Coxelus serratus is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by George Henry Horn in 1885. The species belongs to a group of beetles adapted to life under bark, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. It is known from scattered records across North America.
Cremastocheilus planipes
Cremastocheilus planipes is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs. These beetles are specialized inhabitants of ant colonies, where they live as predators of ant brood. The species exhibits remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for infiltrating and surviving within hostile ant nests. Like other members of its genus, C. planipes is poorly studied and infrequently encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle.
Cryphoeca
Cryphoeca is a genus of small araneomorph spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1870. The genus name derives from Greek meaning "hidden," reflecting its reclusive habits beneath loose bark and within stone walls. The genus contains twelve described species with a Holarctic distribution spanning North America, Europe, and Asia. Cryphoeca species are nocturnal and among the larger members of their subfamily, reaching nearly eight millimeters in body length.
Cryptomaster
daddy longlegs
Cryptomaster is a genus of armoured harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Cryptomastridae, established in 1969 and containing two described species: C. leviathan and C. behemoth. Both species are endemic to the mountains of southwest Oregon and represent short-range endemic arachnids. The genus remained understudied for decades until 2016, when expanded distributional records of C. leviathan prompted discovery of the second species. These harvestmen belong to the suborder Laniatores, characterized by relatively short legs and cryptic habits in forest floor habitats.
Cryptophaginae
silken fungus beetles
Cryptophaginae is a subfamily of small beetles within the family Cryptophagidae, commonly known as silken fungus beetles. The subfamily contains approximately 11 genera and more than 180 described species. Members are associated with fungal habitats and are often found in decaying organic matter. The subfamily was established by William Kirby in 1826.
Cryptopone
Pit-jawed Ants
Cryptopone is a genus of small to medium-sized ponerine ants with a pantropical to worldwide distribution, with highest diversity in East and Southeast Asia. The genus contains approximately 23-25 extant species. Workers range from 1.7–6.1 mm in length. Many species exhibit an endogeic (underground-dwelling) lifestyle, making them difficult to detect and historically under-recorded. The genus was taxonomically revised in 2010 and again in 2022, with species previously synonymized under Wadeura separated out.
Cryptorhynchus
hidden snout weevils
Cryptorhynchus is a genus of hidden snout weevils in the family Curculionidae, containing at least 480 described species. The genus name derives from Greek roots meaning 'hidden' and 'snout,' referring to the concealed rostrum characteristic of these beetles. The genus includes economically significant species such as Cryptorhynchus lapathi, the poplar-and-willow borer, which is a major pest of Salix and Populus species in North America and elsewhere.
Cryptoscatomaseter utopensis
Cryptoscatomaseter utopensis is a small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described from Utah in 2006. The genus Cryptoscatomaseter was established to accommodate species previously misplaced in related genera. This species is known only from the type locality in Utah and represents one of the few documented members of this genus in North America. It belongs to a group of dung beetles often associated with rodent burrows and subterranean environments.
Crypturgus borealis
Boreal Cryptic Bark Beetle
Crypturgus borealis is a species of bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, described by J.M. Swaine in 1917. It is found in North America, with records from Canada including Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba. The species belongs to the genus Crypturgus, a group of small, cryptic bark beetles associated with coniferous trees.
Cylas formicarius
Sweet Potato Weevil
Cylas formicarius is a globally significant pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), causing 30-100% yield losses in over 80 countries. The species exhibits a highly cryptic lifestyle: larvae feed internally within vines and tubers, making chemical control ineffective once infestation occurs. Adults are nocturnal and migratory, with sexual dimorphism in antennae structure. The weevil has been designated a quarantine pest worldwide due to its economic impact on food security and agricultural trade.
Cyllopsis gemma
gemmed satyr, Eastern Gemmed-Satyr
Cyllopsis gemma, commonly known as the gemmed satyr or Eastern Gemmed-Satyr, is a small butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It occurs in the southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico, where adults fly from spring through fall depending on latitude. The species inhabits forested environments and is frequently observed flitting through shaded undergrowth.
Cyphophthalmi
Mite Harvestmen
Cyphophthalmi is a suborder of harvestmen (Opiliones) comprising six families grouped into three infraorders: Boreophthalmi, Scopulophthalmi, and Sternophthalmi. Adults range from 1 to 7 mm in length with relatively short legs compared to other harvestmen. The suborder is characterized by unique morphological features including elevated cone-shaped ozophores, a spermatopositor instead of a true penis in males, and a completely open gonopore lacking a genital operculum. Many species are eyeless and inhabit leaf litter or caves. Cyphophthalmi represents one of two major lineages of harvestmen, with the other lineage (Phalangida) containing Laniatores, Dyspnoi, and Eupnoi.
Cyrtinus pygmaeus
Cyrtinus pygmaeus is an exceptionally small species of longhorned beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. At only 2–3 millimeters in length, it is the smallest member of the family Cerambycidae in North America. The species exhibits remarkable ant mimicry, with elytra bearing two prominent humps near their bases and bands of white pubescence creating the illusion of a narrow-waisted ant. It has been reared from dead branches of various hardwood trees including river birch, chinquapin oak, willow oak, and black oak. Despite being described in 1847 and considered widespread across eastern North America, it remains infrequently encountered in the field due to its diminutive size and effective mimicry.
Decticita
shield-backed katydids
Decticita is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, established by Hebard in 1939. The genus contains at least three described species distributed in western North America, particularly California. Members are characterized by their reduced or modified forewings and shield-like pronotum typical of the shield-backed katydid group. The genus name reflects its relationship to the broader Decticinae group within Tettigoniidae.
Deltopauropus
Deltopauropus is a genus of minute myriapods in the family Brachypauropodidae, established by MacSwain and Lanham in 1948. Pauropods in this genus are among the smallest terrestrial arthropods, inhabiting soil and leaf litter. As members of the order Tetramerocerata, they possess four antennal segments. The genus is rarely encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle and minute size.
Diapheromera covilleae
creosote bush walkingstick
Diapheromera covilleae, the creosote bush walkingstick, is a wingless stick insect endemic to the Sonoran Desert region. Adults range from 5–10 cm in length with pronounced sexual dimorphism: females are larger, grey in coloration, and 3–4 cm longer than males, which are brown. The species exhibits strong host-plant fidelity to creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) and related desert vegetation. It is strictly nocturnal and highly cryptic, making detection difficult despite being locally abundant.
Diapheromera femorata
Northern Walkingstick, Common Walkingstick
Diapheromera femorata is the most widespread and economically significant stick insect native to the United States. Adults reach 75–95 mm in length, with females typically larger than males. The species is notable for periodic outbreak populations that can cause localized defoliation of trees, particularly oaks. It is the only phasmid of documented economic importance in North America, with historical outbreaks affecting thousands of hectares in Michigan, Wisconsin, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.
Diapheromera tamaulipensis
Tamaulipas Walkingstick
Diapheromera tamaulipensis, commonly known as the Tamaulipas Walkingstick, is a species of stick insect in the family Diapheromeridae. The species was described by Rehn in 1909 and is native to the southern United States and Mexico. It belongs to a genus of walkingsticks known for their elongated, twig-like bodies and cryptic appearance. Based on related species in the genus, adults likely exhibit strong crypsis resembling plant stems.
Diapheromera torquata
Diapheromera torquata is a species of walkingstick insect in the family Diapheromeridae, described by Hebard in 1934. It belongs to a genus of slender, cryptic phasmids native to North America. Like other members of Diapheromera, this species exhibits stick-like camouflage and swaying behavior to avoid predation. Available information on this species is limited, with most documentation coming from taxonomic databases rather than detailed field studies.
Diapheromeridae
Common Walking Stick Insects
Diapheromeridae is a family of stick insects within the order Phasmatodea. As of 2025, its exact position within Euphasmatodea remains unresolved (incertae sedis), not assigned to any known superfamily. The family contains two subfamilies: Diapheromerinae and Palophinae. Some species are notably large, with Paraphanocles keratosqueleton exceeding 30 cm in length. Members of this family are phytophagous and exhibit cryptic stick-like morphology typical of the order.
Dicerca obscura
A large jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) with brownish-black coloration and cryptic appearance. Adults are strongly associated with dead or dying persimmon trees (Diospyros virginiana), though also recorded from staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina). The species name reflects its remarkable ability to blend into bark, making it difficult to detect despite its size.
Dicerca sexualis
Dicerca sexualis is a Nearctic jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) described by Crotch in 1873. It belongs to a genus of woodboring beetles characterized by cryptic coloration that provides excellent camouflage against tree bark. Like other Dicerca species, adults are active year-round and are associated with dead or dying hardwood trees. The species is recorded from western North America, including British Columbia, Canada.
Dicerca tenebrica
Flat-headed Poplar Borer, Flatheaded Wood Borer
Dicerca tenebrica is a large jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) found in Canada and the northeastern and southern United States. Adults are brassy to black in coloration and active from March through November. The species is primarily associated with poplar species (Populus), particularly balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), and has also been recorded from conifers in Alberta including lodgepole pine, jack pine, and white spruce. Larvae are wood-borers in living or recently dead trees.
Dipsocoromorpha
minute litter bugs
Dipsocoromorpha is an infraorder of minute true bugs within Heteroptera, containing approximately 300 species in one superfamily (Dipsocoroidea). Members are among the smallest adult true bugs, typically 0.5–4.0 mm in length. The group exhibits highest diversity in tropical regions, with many species remaining undescribed due to their cryptic habits and small size.
Discothyrea testacea
Discothyrea testacea is a species of ant in the subfamily Proceratiinae, described by Roger in 1863. It is native to the Southeastern United States, with additional records from Caribbean islands and the Yucatán Peninsula. The genus Discothyrea is characterized by a highly specialized morphology and cryptic lifestyle, making species in this genus poorly represented in museum collections.
Doliodesmus
Doliodesmus is a genus of darkling beetles (family Tenebrionidae) described by Spilman in 1967. The genus is native to the Nearctic region and is represented by a small number of species. Very little has been published on its biology or ecology. Records indicate extremely limited observational data, with only two documented observations on iNaturalist.
Drapetisca
sheetweb weavers
Drapetisca is a genus of dwarf sheetweb spiders in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Members are exceptionally small, with females measuring 4–5 mm and males 3–4 mm in body length. These spiders are highly specialized tree trunk dwellers that construct minimal, nearly invisible sheet webs. The genus currently comprises approximately 7 species distributed across the Holarctic region, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Japan.
Drapetisca alteranda
Northern Long-toothed Sheetweaver
Drapetisca alteranda is a small sheetweb weaver spider in the family Linyphiidae, notable for its highly specialized microhabitat on tree trunks. Females measure only 4-4.5 mm in body length. The species is nocturnal and exceptionally well-camouflaged, sitting motionless on extremely thin sheet webs that are nearly invisible against bark. It is atypical among linyphiids in its hunting posture and web structure, resembling ambush-hunting spiders rather than typical sheetweb weavers.
Dromochorus knisleyi
Juniper Grove Tiger Beetle
Dromochorus knisleyi is a recently described tiger beetle species (2019) in the genus Dromochorus, a group of flightless, secretive beetles found in North America. The genus Dromochorus contains some of the most enigmatic and poorly known tiger beetles on the continent. Related species in this genus are characterized by highly restricted distributions, specialized habitat requirements, and extreme difficulty in detection and study due to their rapid running behavior and tendency to disappear into vegetation or soil cracks. The specific epithet honors tiger beetle specialist C. B. Knisley.
Dromochorus pruininus
Frosted Dromo Tiger Beetle
Dromochorus pruininus is a small, flightless tiger beetle with a highly restricted and disjunct distribution across the south-central United States. The species inhabits exposed clay and gypsum slopes with sparse vegetation, where it runs swiftly between grass clumps to escape detection. Long considered a synonym of D. belfragei, it was reinstated as a valid species based on smooth elytra contrasting with the granulated surface of its congener. The species exhibits crepuscular activity patterns and remains one of North America's most poorly known tiger beetles, with larvae described only in 2008.
Dryotribini
Dryotribini is a tribe of weevils within the subfamily Cossoninae of the family Curculionidae. The tribe contains approximately 60 described genera distributed across multiple continents. Members of this tribe are generally small, cryptic weevils associated with dead or decaying plant material. The group has been documented in both temperate and tropical regions, with notable diversity in the Pacific islands and New Zealand.
Echmepteryx intermedia
scaly-winged barklouse
Echmepteryx intermedia is a species of scaly-winged barklouse in the family Lepidopsocidae, described by Mockford in 1974. It belongs to a group of small, cryptic insects characterized by scales covering their wings and body. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, and North America.
Ellipes
pygmy mole crickets
Ellipes is a genus of pygmy mole crickets (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) containing small, fossorial insects. Most tridactylids inhabit moist margins of ponds and streams, but some Ellipes species have independently evolved to occupy xeric scrub and sandhill habitats. The genus includes at least six described species distributed across North and South America, with several Florida endemics exhibiting restricted ranges and limited study due to their minute size and cryptic habits.
Empelinae
Empelinae is a small subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) with poorly understood biology. The subfamily contains a single monotypic genus, Empelus, with only one described species, Empelus brunipennis. Members are minute beetles under 2 mm in length, found in secluded microhabitats including forest leaf litter, fungi, and moss along stream edges. Their reclusive ecology has made collection and study difficult, resulting in substantial gaps in knowledge about their life history and behavior.
Empicoris culiciformis
thread-legged assassin bug
Empicoris culiciformis is a predatory true bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its delicate build and raptorial forelegs. The species has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, the Palearctic, North Africa, and North America. It is rarely encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle in concealed habitats.
Ereynetinae
Ereynetinae is a subfamily of mites within the family Ereynetidae, order Trombidiformes. These are small arachnids belonging to the diverse group of prostigmatic mites. The subfamily is distinguished by particular morphological features of the gnathosoma and idiosoma. Relatively few observations exist in public databases, suggesting either cryptic habits or limited survey effort.
Euconnus rasus
Euconnus rasus is a minute rove beetle in the subfamily Scydmaeninae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1852. Members of this genus are among the smallest beetles, typically measuring under 2 mm. The species has been recorded across northeastern North America, with scattered observations in the Great Lakes region and Atlantic coastal states. Like other scydmaenines, it likely inhabits leaf litter and other decaying organic matter, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Euphoria sonorae
Euphoria sonorae is a flower scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. It is a cryptic species that has been observed feeding on flower nectar. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
Euryopis
Ant-eating Spiders
Euryopis is a genus of small comb-footed spiders (family Theridiidae, subfamily Hadrotarsinae) distributed worldwide. Unlike most theridiids, these spiders do not construct prey-catching webs. They are specialized ant predators, using a unique hunting technique where they immobilize ants with silk and haul them to safe feeding locations. The genus contains approximately 82 species as of October 2025, with about 20 species recorded in North America north of Mexico.
Euryopis quinquemaculata
Five-spotted ant-hunting spider
Euryopis quinquemaculata is a small cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae, placed in the subfamily Hadrotarsinae. Unlike typical theridiids that construct tangled webs to catch prey, this species is an active ant specialist that hunts without building prey-capturing webs. The species name refers to the five-spotted abdominal pattern characteristic of this and related Euryopis species. It occurs in the United States, where it inhabits areas with high ant activity.
Eusattus dubius arizonensis
A darkling beetle subspecies described from Arizona in 1984. Part of the diverse Eusattus genus within the Tenebrionidae family, this taxon represents one of many cryptic or poorly documented beetle subspecies in the North American aridlands. The species Eusattus dubius itself was described by Casey in 1890. Very few observations exist in public databases, suggesting either genuine rarity or undercollection due to its cryptic habits.
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
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htperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaEuxestidae
Euxestidae is a small family of beetles in the superfamily Coccinelloidea, containing approximately 70 extant species across 10 genera. Formerly treated as a subfamily of Cerylonidae, they were elevated to family status based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Members are primarily tropical and subtropical in distribution, with most species occurring in the Afro-Eurasian region. They inhabit concealed microhabitats including decomposing wood, leaf litter, and the nests of social insects.
Evalljapyx anomobris
Evalljapyx anomobris is a species of forceps-tailed dipluran described by Smith in 1960. It belongs to the family Japygidae, a group of small, eyeless, soil-dwelling hexapods characterized by their pincer-like cerci. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented due to the cryptic habits of diplurans and limited research attention to this group.
Flatoidinae
Flatoidinae is a subfamily of planthoppers within the family Flatidae, distinguished by their dorsoventrally flattened body form and wings held in a nearly horizontal position when at rest. Members of this subfamily are found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Neotropics and West Indies. The subfamily was established by Melichar in 1902 and contains multiple genera including Petrusa and Ormenis. Species in this group are phytophagous and can achieve high population densities on host plants.