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Cordulegaster sayi
Say's spiketail
Cordulegaster sayi, commonly known as Say's spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. It is endemic to the United States. The species belongs to a genus characterized by prominent spikelike ovipositors in females, a trait referenced in the common name 'spiketail.'
dragonfly spiketail endemic United-States Odonata Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster
Cosmopterix lespedezae
Cosmopterix lespedezae is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae, described by Hodges in 1962. Adults have a forewing length of approximately 4.7 mm and display distinctive wing patterns including white lines and yellow-gold metallic markings. The species is known from six states in the southeastern and central United States. Larvae are leaf miners on Fabaceae hosts, particularly Lespedeza and Desmodium species.
leaf-miner Fabaceae North-America United-States small-moth metallic-wing-markings
Cosmopterix quadrilineella
Cosmopterix quadrilineella is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae, first described by Chambers in 1878. The species is characterized by distinctive wing patterning with multiple white lines and metallic spots on bronze-brown forewings. Adults have a forewing length of approximately 4.2 mm. It is known from several southwestern and south-central U.S. states.
moth lepidoptera cosmopterigidae north-america united-states southwestern-us
Crambidia cephalica
Yellow-headed Lichen Moth
Crambidia cephalica, the yellow-headed lichen moth, is a small erebid moth described by Grote and Robinson in 1870. It is known from the central and southern United States, where it inhabits steppes and open forests. Adults are active from March through September and produce multiple generations per year. The species has a documented forewing length of 9–15 mm.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae Lithosiini North-America United-States steppe open-forest multivoltine
Crypticerya townsendi
Townsend's giant scale bug
Crypticerya townsendi is a species of giant scale insect in the family Monophlebidae (sometimes historically placed in Margarodidae). It was originally described by Cockerell in 1899 and is currently considered a synonym of Steatococcus townsendi in some taxonomic treatments, though it remains listed under Crypticerya in other sources including iNaturalist and NCBI. The species is known from the United States and belongs to a group of large, often conspicuous scale insects commonly referred to as 'giant scale bugs.'
scale-insect Hemiptera Monophlebidae synonym United-States
Cryptocercus wrighti
Cryptocercus wrighti is a wood-feeding cockroach species in the family Cryptocercidae, described in 1999 from specimens in North Carolina. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits subsocial behavior and inhabits decaying wood in forested environments. The species is one of several North American Cryptocercus species that share ecological and behavioral traits with the genus's type species, C. punctulatus.
Blattodea Cryptocercidae wood-roach subsocial-insect North-Carolina United-States forest-insect xylophagous Burnside-1999
Cryptotreta cislimitensis
Cryptotreta cislimitensis is a species of tephritid fruit fly described by Steyskal in 1977. It belongs to the genus Cryptotreta within the tribe Eutretini, a group of fruit flies known for their often patterned wings and association with plants. Very little published information exists on the biology or ecology of this species.
Tephritidae fruit-fly Eutretini United-States rarely-observed data-deficient
Cyclocephala robusta
Cyclocephala robusta is a species of masked chafer beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1863. It belongs to the subfamily Dynastinae, though unlike many members of this group it lacks the large horns characteristic of the subfamily. The species is native to the south-central and southeastern United States. Like other Cyclocephala species, it likely has a life cycle involving root-feeding larval stages and adult beetles that do not feed on plants.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Dynastinae masked-chafer white-grub turfgrass-pest Nearctic United-States LeConte-1863 soil-dwelling-larva nocturnal light-attracted Cyclocephalini
Cyclocosmia truncata
Ravine Trapdoor Spider
Cyclocosmia truncata is a cork-lid trapdoor spider native to the United States. It constructs burrows in soil and employs a distinctive defensive behavior called phragmosis, using its rigid, disc-shaped abdomen to plug the burrow entrance when threatened. The species belongs to the mygalomorph spider group, which includes tarantulas and other trapdoor spiders. It is not considered dangerous to humans despite possessing venom typical of spiders.
mygalomorph trapdoor-spider phragmosis burrowing-spider United-States
Cycloptilum comprehendens fortior
Desert Syncopated Scaly Cricket
Cycloptilum comprehendens fortior is a subspecies of scaly cricket in the family Mogoplistidae, commonly known as the Desert Syncopated Scaly Cricket. It was described by Hebard in 1931 and occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the central and western United States. As a member of the Mogoplistidae, it possesses distinctive scale-like body covering. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the broader species C. comprehendens.
Orthoptera Mogoplistidae scaly-cricket subspecies United-States arid-habitat
Cyclosa caroli
Cyclosa caroli is a species of orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae. It is found in the United States and ranges from the Caribbean Sea to Bolivia. As a member of the genus Cyclosa, it is a trashline orb weaver that incorporates debris into its web architecture. The species was described by Hentz in 1850.
Araneidae orb-weaver trashline-orb-weaver spider Araneae Cyclosa North-America Caribbean South-America Colombia Cuba Guatemala United-States Bolivia
Cyclotrachelus blatchleyi
Cyclotrachelus blatchleyi is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, occurring in woodland habitats of North America. The genus Cyclotrachelus comprises woodland ground beetles characterized by their terrestrial habits and predatory ecology. This species was described by Casey in 1918.
Carabidae Coleoptera ground-beetle woodland North-America United-States terrestrial predator
Cyclotrachelus freitagi
woodland ground beetle
Cyclotrachelus freitagi is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Bousquet in 1993. It belongs to the genus Cyclotrachelus, a group of woodland ground beetles distributed in North America. The species is known from the United States.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America United-States Coleoptera
Cyclotrachelus hernandensis
Cyclotrachelus hernandensis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It belongs to the genus Cyclotrachelus, a group of carabid beetles found in North America. The species was described by Van Dyke in 1943. Very little specific information about its biology or ecology has been documented.
ground-beetle Carabidae Coleoptera North-America United-States
Cyclotrachelus ovulum
A ground beetle in the genus Cyclotrachelus, family Carabidae. The genus name refers to the rounded, wheel-like pronotal shape characteristic of these beetles. Very few documented observations exist for this species.
Carabidae ground-beetle Cyclotrachelus Coleoptera United-States North-America rarely-observed low-observation-count
Cyclotrachelus sigillatus
woodland ground beetle
Cyclotrachelus sigillatus is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Thomas Say in 1823. It is found in North America, with records from the United States. As a ground beetle, it likely inhabits forest floor habitats where it functions as a predatory insect.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America predator forest-floor Coleoptera Say-1823 United-States
Cycnia collaris
Unexpected Cycnia Moth
Cycnia collaris is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Asa Fitch in 1857. It is distributed across the southern United States from Arizona eastward to Florida and northward to Oklahoma. Adults are active in spring and fall, with records from April and October suggesting a bimodal flight pattern possibly representing two generations per year. The species belongs to a genus whose members are known for aposematic coloration and defensive clicking behavior against bat predation.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae tiger-moth North-America United-States southern-US bimodal-flight-pattern
Cydamus abditus
Cydamus abditus is a species of broad-headed bug in the family Alydidae, described by Van Duzee in 1925. It belongs to the subfamily Micrelytrinae and tribe Micrelytrini. The species is known from Arizona in the southwestern United States, with limited published information available regarding its biology and ecology. As with other members of the genus Cydamus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation in arid and semi-arid habitats.
Alydidae Hemiptera Heteroptera Coreoidea Micrelytrinae Micrelytrini Cydamus Arizona United-States North-America Van-Duzee-1925
Cydia flexiloqua
Cydia flexiloqua is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Heinrich in 1926. It belongs to the genus Cydia, which contains numerous economically significant pest species including the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and the filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana). The species has been recorded in Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan) and the United States (Vermont). Very little specific information is available about its biology, host associations, or economic importance.
Tortricidae Cydia microlepidoptera North-America Canada United-States Heinrich-1926 Grapholitini Olethreutinae
Cydia laricana
Cydia laricana is a species of tortricid moth described by August Busck in 1916. It belongs to the genus Cydia, which contains numerous economically important agricultural pests including the codling moth (C. pomonella) and the filbertworm (C. latiferreana). The species is known from distribution records in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. Like other members of the genus, it is likely a small moth with the characteristic bell-shaped resting posture typical of tortricids.
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia North-America United-States Vermont Busck-1916 Olethreutinae Grapholitini microlepidoptera
Cymindis platicollis atripennis
Cymindis platicollis atripennis (Casey, 1920) is a subspecies of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. GBIF indicates this name is currently treated as a synonym of Pinacodera atripennis. The taxon was originally described from the United States. Very little specific information is available for this infraspecific name.
Carabidae ground-beetle synonym United-States North-America
Cyphomyrmex
fungus-growing ants
Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.
fungus-growing-ants attine-ants Myrmicinae Neotropical mutualism fungiculture Leucocoprineae monogyny parasitoid-wasps social-parasitism chemical-ecology alkaloid-venom nest-architecture behavioral-plasticity cytogenetics chromosome-evolution Guiana-Shield Brazil Panama Puerto-Rico Mesoamerica Argentina United-States Texas California Florida yeast-gardens mycelial-gardens rimosus-complex strigatus-complex age-polyethism trophallaxis thanatosis feigning-death Diapriidae Acanthopria Mimopriella Megalomyrmex social-parasite C.-longiscapus C.-transversus C.-laevigatus C.-rimosus C.-minutus C.-lectus C.-cornutus C.-costatus pheromones 3-octanol farnesenes trail-following alarm-signal diketopiperazines antifungal-compounds defensive-behavior colony-defense flight-response recruitment Lanchester's-laws karyotype chromosome-number rDNA microsatellites FISH chamber-depth gallery-length fire-disturbance savanna-forest-transition arboreal-nesting clay-auricles soil-nests wood-nests epiphytic-nests moss-nests coconut-nests desiccation-susceptibility moist-habitats basal-attine phylogenetics sister-group chemical-evolution venom-alkaloids behavioral-manipulation host-parasite-interaction ecosystem-engineering nutrient-cycling decomposition organic-matter insect-feces exoskeleton-substrate garden-transplantation worker-polymorphism queen-number dealate-queens alates brood-care ecdysis-assistance foraging sugar-collection plant-exudates fungal-domestication nodule-cultivation mycelium-cultivation agricultural-behavior nest-entrance funnel-structure exposed-gardens symbiont-diversity geographic-variation research-model evolutionary-biology mutualism-evolution ant-fungus-coevolution chemical-communication social-insects eusociality colony-size small-colonies slow-movement crypsis debris-mimicry predation-avoidance parasitoid-defense wasp-killing colony-abandonment resource-rescue thief-ant-defense venom-resistance toxicity-tolerance behavioral-suppression playing-dead alkaloid-manipulation fungal-secondary-metabolites antibacterial-compounds antiviral-compounds garden-protection microbial-defense nest-microclimate temperature-regulation humidity-requirements depth-effects fire-adaptation disturbance-ecology habitat-specificity substrate-specialization clay-construction soil-manipulation architectural-plasticity vertical-nesting embankment-nesting overhang-nesting pendant-nests swallow-nest-mimicry research-accessibility field-biology tropical-ecology Neotropical-myrmecology biodiversity conservation invasive-species-context native-species biological-control Integrated-Pest-Management agricultural-ecology forest-ecology savanna-ecology transitional-habitats disturbed-areas urban-ecology anthropogenic-impact climate-sensitivity habitat-limitation range-boundaries dispersal colonization establishment population-dynamics demography colony-density nest-spacing intraspecific-competition interspecific-competition territoriality resource-defense combat-behavior aggression-levels recruitment-behavior chemical-signaling alarm-pheromones trail-pheromones recognition-cues cuticular-hydrocarbons venom-composition defensive-secretions mandibular-glands Dufour's-gland metapleural-glands antibiotic-production grooming-behavior fungal-inoculation integumental-fungi yeast-growth larval-grooming garden-maintenance substrate-preparation fecal-fertilizer anal-trophallaxis crop-regurgitation fluid-application drying-behavior nodule-formation transplantation-behavior garden-establishment ceiling-gardens root-association architectural-innovation nest-site-selection microhabitat-choice moisture-requirements thermal-buffering predator-avoidance parasite-avoidance disease-resistance social-immunity collective-behavior division-of-labor task-allocation temporal-polyethism worker-age nurse-workers forager-workers soldier-caste-absence monomorphism worker-size-variation queen-worker-differentiation reproductive-caste gyne-production male-production seasonal-reproduction colony-founding claustral-founding non-claustral-founding fungal-inoculum founding-queen first-worker-generation nutritional-dependency fat-reserves metabolic-adaptation digestive-physiology enzyme-complement fungal-enzyme lignocellulose-degradation nutritional-mutualism obligate-mutualism vertical-transmission horizontal-transmission symbiont-switching cultivar-replacement garden-failure colony-mortality population-turnover generation-time longevity survivorship life-expectancy aging senescence reproductive-investment colony-growth colony-decline budding fission reproduction-mode genetic-structure relatedness mating-system nuptial-flight mate-choice sperm-storage colony-odor nestmate-recognition foreign-rejection agonistic-behavior territorial-marking boundary-defense raiding-behavior robbing-behavior cleptobiosis dulosis slavery inquilinism guest-ants myrmecophiles nest-associates commensalism inquilines parasite-tolerance host-manipulation venom-alkaloid pyrrolidine indolizidine piperidine nonanal farnesene sesquiterpene agriculture-chemical gaster-extract chemical-diversity chemical-simplicity evolutionary-precursor derived-chemistry biosynthetic-pathway semiochemical infochemical communication information-transfer colony-organization social-structure polygyny queen-condition dealation wing-shedding ovarian-development fecundity egg-laying brood-development developmental-rate temperature-dependence humidity-dependence food-availability nutritional-quality fungal-productivity garden-yield worker-production colony-efficiency energy-allocation resource-allocation foraging-efficiency search-behavior prey-detection food-retrieval transport-behavior load-size travel-speed path-integration orientation navigation homing-behavior learning memory experience individual-recognition context-dependent-behavior threat-assessment risk-management predator-inspection alarm-propagation recruitment-activation mobilization colony-response emergency-behavior panic-response controlled-response defensive-strategy offensive-strategy escalation de-escalation conflict-resolution fight-avoidance retreat-behavior surrender-signal dominance-hierarchy reproductive-skew worker-policing queen-policing egg-eating oviposition-suppression reproductive-conflict kin-conflict worker-reproduction male-production-by-workers anarchy social-parasitism-detection parasite-recognition enemy-recognition nest-intrusion nest-defense perimeter-defense chamber-defense brood-defense queen-defense self-sacrifice suicidal-defense autothysis sting-use mandible-use spraying-behavior gaster-flexion chemical-defense mechanical-defense armor cuticle-thickness pigmentation masquerade mimicry Batesian-mimicry Muellerian-mimicry aggressive-mimicry Wasmannian-mimicry myrmecophily myrmecophagy ant-plant-mutualism trophobiosis extrafloral-nectary domatia plant-ant-interaction herbivore-defense seed-dispersal pollination ecosystem-service functional-role trophic-position detritivore decomposer saprotroph necrotroph fungivore omnivore predator scavenger trophic-level energy-flow carbon-cycling nitrogen-cycling phosphorus-cycling soil-formation bioturbation aeration water-infiltration microbial-community bacteria actinomycetes Pseudonocardia disease-suppression garden-hygiene weeding-behavior pruning-behavior fungal-grooming antibiotic-application mutualist-protection agricultural-disease crop-pathology escovopsis garden-parasite competitor-fungus pathogen-defense immune-response individual-immunity grooming allogrooming self-grooming nest-cleaning refuse-management fecal-management waste-disposal midden-formation territory-size home-range foraging-range recruitment-range exploration exploitation information-use public-information private-information cue-use signal-use communication-network interaction-network social-network colony-network population-network community-ecology species-interaction apparent-competition exploitative-competition interference-competition resource-partitioning niche-differentiation habitat-filtering environmental-gradient altitudinal-distribution latitudinal-distribution continental-distribution island-distribution endemism biogeography phylogeography historical-biogeography vicariance range-expansion range-contraction refugia glacial-cycles climate-change-impact habitat-fragmentation deforestation land-use-change agricultural-intensification urbanization pollution pesticide-exposure heavy-metal-accumulation conservation-status population-viability extinction-risk protected-area reserve-design habitat-corridor connectivity metapopulation source-sink-dynamics rescue-effect mass-effect ecological-theory behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology functional-ecology trait-based-ecology comparative-analysis phylogenetic-comparative-methods character-evolution ancestral-state-reconstruction convergent-evolution parallel-evolution adaptive-radiation species-diversification speciation hybridization introgression gene-flow genetic-differentiation population-structure molecular-ecology genomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics volatile-organic-compound cuticular-hydrocarbon glandular-secretion sting-apparatus mandible-morphology head-morphology mesosomal-morphology petiolar-morphology gastral-morphology leg-morphology antennal-morphology sensilla chemoreception mechanoreception thermoreception photoreception vision compound-eye ocelli brain-morphology neuroanatomy learning-capacity memory-capacity cognitive-ability problem-solving tool-use sequence-learning route-learning spatial-memory temporal-memory social-learning cultural-transmission tradition colony-personality behavioral-syndrome boldness exploration-tendency activity-level aggression-level foraging-tendency defensive-tendency stress-response physiological-stress thermal-stress desiccation-stress starvation-stress immune-challenge wound-healing metabolic-rate respiration energy-expenditure water-balance osmoregulation excretion Malpighian-tubules rectum hindgut midgut foregut crop proventriculus digestive-enzyme nutrient-absorption lipid-metabolism carbohydrate-metabolism protein-metabolism amino-acid-metabolism nitrogen-excretion uric-acid urea ammonia osmolyte cryoprotectant heat-shock-protein stress-protein antioxidant-defense oxidative-stress reactive-oxygen-species aging-biology senescence-theory disposable-soma antagonistic-pleiotropy mutation-accumulation life-history-theory r-K-selection bet-hedging iteroparity semelparity reproductive-effort parental-investment maternal-effect paternal-effect epigenetics DNA-methylation histone-modification non-coding-RNA gene-regulation transcription-factor signaling-pathway hormone juvenile-hormone ecdysone insulin-signaling TOR-signaling nutrient-sensing reproductive-signaling caste-determination sex-determination environmental-sex-determination genetic-sex-determination haplodiploidy arrhenotoky thelytoky parthenogenesis arrhenotokous-parthenogenesis automixis apomixis central-fusion terminal-fusion genomic-imprinting parental-conflict kin-selection inclusive-fitness Hamilton's-rule relatedness-asymmetry sex-ratio-theory local-mate-competition local-resource-competition local-resource-enhancement split-sex-ratio worker-sex-ratio queen-sex-ratio colony-sex-ratio population-sex-ratio operational-sex-ratio effective-population-size genetic-drift inbreeding inbreeding-depression outbreeding outbreeding-depression heterosis hybrid-vigor genetic-load mutation-rate effective-number-of-codons codon-usage-bias GC-content genome-size karyotype-evolution chromosomal-rearrangement fusion inversion translocation polyploidy aneuploidy chromosomal-polymorphism rDNA-cluster heterochromatin euchromatin centromere telomere nucleolus-organizer-region satellite-DNA minisatellite microsatellite simple-sequence-repeat transposable-element retrotransposon DNA-transposon horizontal-gene-transfer endosymbiont Wolbachia Cardinium Rickettsia Spiroplasma bacterial-symbiont fungal-symbiont viral-symbiont parasite pathogen disease epidemiology transmission-dynamics virulence resistance tolerance recovery immunity vaccination prophylaxis medicinal-behavior self-medication thermoregulation behavioral-thermoregulation social-thermoregulation microclimate-selection nest-temperature brood-temperature fungal-garden-temperature metabolic-heat heat-dissipation evaporative-cooling behavioral-cooling fanning ventilation chamber-design gallery-design entrance-design air-flow humidity-regulation water-collection water-storage desiccation-resistance cuticular-waterproofing spiracle-control respiratory-water-loss excretory-water-loss water-recycling metabolic-water dietary-water environmental-water rainfall-dependence seasonal-activity dry-season wet-season monsoon drought flood fire disturbance succession primary-succession secondary-succession climax-community pioneer-species habitat-specialist habitat-generalist edge-species interior-species gap-species canopy-species understory-species ground-species subterranean-species arboreal-species liana-species epiphyte-species lithophyte-species rheophyte-species aquatic-margin-species terrestrial-species fossorial-species cursorial-species scansorial-species volant-species winged-reproductive dealate ergatoid brachypterous apterous polymorphism caste-polymorphism queen-polymorphism male-polymorphism size-polymorphism allometry isometry shape-variation morphological-integration modularity evolvability constraints developmental-stability fluctuating-asymmetry directional-asymmetry antisymmetry phenotypic-plasticity reaction-norm genotype-environment-interaction grandparental-effect indirect-genetic-effect social-environment-effect colony-effect density-dependence frequency-dependence negative-frequency-dependence positive-frequency-dependence apostatic-selection anti-apostatic-selection search-image predator-learning prey-learning friend-recognition cuticular-hydrocarbon-profile gestalt-odor colony-specific-odor individual-specific-odor task-specific-odor age-specific-odor reproductive-odor queen-odor queen-pheromone primer-pheromone releaser-pheromone signal-pheromone modulatory-pheromone alarm-pheromone trail-pheromone recruitment-pheromone aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone marking-pheromone territorial-pheromone defensive-pheromone poison-gland Dufour-gland mandibular-gland postpharyngeal-gland metapleural-gland sternal-gland tarsal-gland anal-gland rectal-gland pygidial-gland mandibular-brush tibial-spur stridulatory-organ subgenual-organ Johnston's-organ tympanal-organ hair-sensillum campaniform-sensillum basiconic-sensillum coeloconic-sensillum placoid-sensillum sensilla-trichodea sensilla-basiconica sensilla-coeloconica sensilla-ampullacea sensilla-campaniformia sensilla-placodea olfactory-receptor-neuron gustatory-receptor-neuron mechanoreceptor-neuron thermoreceptor-neuron hygroreceptor-neuron photoreceptor-neuron visual-processing olfactory-processing gustatory-processing mechanosensory-processing central-complex mushroom-body antennal-lobe optic-lobe suboesophageal-ganglion ventral-nerve-cord sympathetic-nervous-system neurosecretion neurohemal-organ corpus-cardiacum corpus-allatum prothoracic-gland ventral-gland pericardial-gland neuroendocrine-regulation hormonal-regulation pheromonal-regulation neural-regulation behavioral-regulation social-regulation environmental-regulation developmental-regulation reproductive-regulation metabolic-regulation homeostatic-regulation allostatic-regulation stress-regulation immune-regulation circadian-rhythm circannual-rhythm photoperiodism thermoperiodism biological-clock zeitgeber entrainment free-running-period phase-response-curve masking-effect arousal-threshold sleep torpor diapause quiescence dormancy aestivation hibernation cold-hardiness heat-hardiness desiccation-hardiness anoxia-hardiness starvation-hardiness radiation-hardiness pressure-hardiness gravity-perception magnetic-field-perception electric-field-perception sound-perception vibration-perception substrate-borne-signal air-borne-signal seismic-signal chemical-signal visual-signal tactile-signal auditory-signal multimodal-signal composite-signal redundant-signal amplifying-signal attenuating-signal honest-signal deceptive-signal costly-signal cheap-signal conventional-signal index-signal handicap-signal amplifier social-selection sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice male-male-competition female-female-competition parent-offspring-conflict sibling-conflict worker-queen-conflict worker-worker-conflict sexual-conflict antagonistic-coevolution arms-race evolutionary-dynamics community-dynamics ecosystem-dynamics biogeochemical-cycle carbon-cycle nitrogen-cycle phosphorus-cycle sulfur-cycle water-cycle trophic-transfer production-efficiency consumption-efficiency assimilation-efficiency ecological-efficiency Lindeman-efficiency 10%-rule food-chain food-web trophic-cascade top-down-control bottom-up-control wasps-control donor-control recipient-control interaction-strength interaction-web ecological-network network-topology network-metrics degree-distribution connectance nestedness compartmentalization robustness fragility resilience recovery-time return-time elasticity perturbation pulse-disturbance press-disturbance chronic-disturbance acute-disturbance catastrophic-disturbance natural-disturbance anthropogenic-disturbance habitat-destruction habitat-degradation habitat-modification habitat-loss habitat-isolation edge-effect matrix-effect permeability corridor-effect stepping-stone source-population sink-population metapopulation-dynamics extinction-debt colonization-credit relaxation-effect time-lag historical-legacy priority-effect founder-effect bottleneck-effect selection natural-selection artificial-selection directional-selection stabilizing-selection disruptive-selection balancing-selection frequency-dependent-selection density-dependent-selection r-selection K-selection c-selection s-selection a-selection bet-hedging-selection fluctuating-selection correlational-selection multivariate-selection indirect-selection correlated-response genetic-correlation phenotypic-correlation environmental-correlation correlation-matrix variance-covariance-matrix G-matrix P-matrix E-matrix M-matrix quantitative-genetics heritability narrow-sense-heritability broad-sense-heritability genetic-variance additive-genetic-variance dominance-variance epistatic-variance environmental-variance phenotypic-variance genotype-environment-interaction-variance maternal-variance paternal-variance common-environment-variance special-environment-variance measurement-error-variance response-to-selection realized-heritability predicted-response breeder's-equation selection-gradient selection-differential Lande-equation multivariate-breeder's-equation genetic-constraint evolutionary-constraint developmental-constraint functional-constraint phylogenetic-constraint historical-constraint trade-off allocation-trade-off acquisition-trade-off conversion-trade-off maintenance-trade-off reproduction-survival-trade-off growth-reproduction-trade-off immune-reproduction-trade-off stress-reproduction-trade-off foraging-predation-trade-off competition-colonization-trade-off tolerance-resistance-trade-off plasticity-canalization-trade-off generalist-specialist-trade-off speed-accuracy-trade-off exploration-exploitation-trade-off individual-colony-trade-off within-colony-trade-off between-colony-trade-off life-history-trade-off demographic-trade-off ecological-trade-off evolutionary-trade-off optimization maximization minimization satisficing marginal-value-theorem optimal-foraging-theory optimal-diet-theory central-place-foraging patch-use-theory giving-up-density giving-up-time predation-risk energetic-cost opportunity-cost handling-time search-time travel-time encounter-rate prey-density prey-profitability prey-choice diet-breadth niche-width niche-overlap niche-partitioning resource-selection habitat-selection settlement-choice nest-site-choice host-choice oviposition-choice foraging-choice path-choice route-choice central-place territory core-area edge-area boundary perimeter area volume shape configuration spatial-pattern temporal-pattern diel-pattern seasonal-pattern annual-pattern multiannual-pattern cyclical-pattern irregular-pattern random-pattern clumped-pattern uniform-pattern regular-pattern aggregated-pattern overdispersed-pattern underdispersed-pattern Poisson-distribution negative-binomial-distribution Taylor's-power-law spatial-autocorrelation temporal-autocorrelation cross-correlation spectral-analysis wavelet-analysis time-series-analysis population-time-series community-time-series ecosystem-time-series long-term-study long-term-monitoring long-term-experiment chronosequence space-for-time-substitution paleoecology paleontology fossil-record trace-fossil coprolite nest-fossil amber-inclusion subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene neogene paleogene cretaceous mesozoic cenozoic geological-time deep-time evolutionary-time ecological-time generational-time physiological-time perception-time reaction-time decision-time memory-time learning-time developmental-time life-span colony-lifespan queen-lifespan worker-lifespan male-lifespan larval-development-time pupal-development-time egg-development-time incubation-time doubling-time half-life relaxation-time resilience-time resistance-time lag-time lead-time forecast-time prediction-time planning-time management-time conservation-time restoration-time mitigation-time adaptation-time speciation-time diversification-time extinction-time persistence-time transience-time ephemerality permanence stability instability equilibrium non-equilibrium steady-state dynamic-state transient-state asymptotic-state attractor repeller limit-cycle chaos stochasticity determinism predictability unpredictability complexity emergence self-organization pattern-formation spatial-self-organization temporal-self-organization spatiotemporal-self-organization swarm-intelligence collective-decision-making consensus-decision quorum-response wisdom-of-crowds information-cascade cultural-evolution gene-culture-coevolution niche-construction extended-phenotype extended-organism superorganism colony-as-individual colony-as-unit-of-selection group-selection multilevel-selection reciprocal-altruism by-product-mutualism amensalism competition predation herbivory parasitism parasitoidism chemical-mimicry tactile-mimicry visual-mimicry acoustic-mimicry defensive-mimicry Vavilovian-mimicry Bakerian-mimicry Gilbertian-mimicry Poultonian-mimicry Browerian-mimicry auto-mimicry intra-specific-mimicry inter-specific-mimicry molecular-mimicry cellular-mimicry tissue-mimicry organ-mimicry behavioral-mimicry reproductive-mimicry social-mimicry nest-mimicry food-mimicry predator-mimicry prey-mimicry host-mimicry guest-mimicry cleptoparasite cuckoo-parasite inquiline guest myrmecophile termitophile aphidophile coccidophile scale-insect-associate mealybug-associate whitefly-associate planthopper-associate treehopper-associate leafhopper-associate cicada-associate butterfly-associate moth-associate beetle-associate fly-associate wasp-associate bee-associate ant-associate spider-associate mite-associate tick-associate nematode-associate flatworm-associate roundworm-associate annelid-associate mollusk-associate crustacean-associate millipede-associate centipede-associate insect-associate vertebrate-associate bird-associate mammal-associate reptile-associate amphibian-associate fish-associate plant-associate fungus-associate bacteria-associate virus-associate archaea-associate protist-associate algae-associate lichen-associate bryophyte-associate pteridophyte-associate gymnosperm-associate angiosperm-associate monocot-associate dicot-associate herb-associate shrub-associate tree-associate vine-associate epiphyte-associate lithophyte-associate rheophyte-associate hydrophyte-associate xerophyte-associate mesophyte-associate hygrophyte-associate sciophyte-associate heliophyte-associate pioneer-plant-associate climax-plant-associate disturbance-plant-associate successional-plant-associate ant-plant-protection-mutualism ant-plant-food-body-mutualism ant-plant-domatia-mutualism ant-plant-extrafloral-nectary-mutualism ant-plant-seed-dispersal-mutualism ant-plant-pollination-mutualism ant-plant-agriculture-mutualism ant-fungus-mutualism ant-bacteria-mutualism ant-virus-mutualism ant-nematode-mutualism ant-mite-mutualism ant-tick-mutualism ant-spider-mutualism ant-wasp-mutualism ant-fly-mutualism ant-beetle-mutualism ant-butterfly-mutualism ant-moth-mutualism ant-bird-mutualism ant-mammal-mutualism ant-reptile-mutualism ant-amphibian-mutualism ant-fish-mutualism ant-human-mutualism ant-domestic-animal-mutualism ant-pest-mutualism ant-crop-mutualism ant-forest-mutualism ant-savanna-mutualism ant-grassland-mutualism ant-desert-mutualism ant-wetland-mutualism ant-riverine-mutualism ant-riparian-mutualism ant-montane-mutualism ant-lowland-mutualism ant-coastal-mutualism ant-island-mutualism ant-continental-mutualism ant-tropical-mutualism ant-temperate-mutualism ant-subtropical-mutualism ant-boreal-mutualism ant-austral-mutualism ant-paleotropical-mutualism ant-neotropical-mutualism ant-afrotropical-mutualism ant-oriental-mutualism ant-palearctic-mutualism ant-nearctic-mutualism ant-holarctic-mutualism ant-pan-tropical-mutualism ant-cosmopolitan-mutualism ant-endemic-mutualism ant-widespread-mutualism ant-restricted-mutualism ant-rare-mutualism ant-common-mutualism ant-abundant-mutualism ant-scarce-mutualism ant-threatened-mutualism ant-invasive-mutualism ant-native-mutualism ant-exotic-mutualism ant-introduced-mutualism ant-naturalized-mutualism ant-feral-mutualism ant-urban-mutualism ant-rural-mutualism ant-agricultural-mutualism ant-natural-mutualism ant-anthropogenic-mutualism ant-pristine-mutualism ant-degraded-mutualism ant-restored-mutualism ant-conserved-mutualism ant-managed-mutualism ant-sustainable-mutualism ant-unsustainable-mutualism ant-resilient-mutualism ant-fragile-mutualism ant-robust-mutualism ant-vulnerable-mutualism ant-resistant-mutualism ant-susceptible-mutualism ant-tolerant-mutualism ant-intolerant-mutualism ant-flexible-mutualism ant-inflexible-mutualism ant-plastic-mutualism ant-canalized-mutualism ant-adaptive-mutualism ant-maladaptive-mutualism ant-optimal-mutualism ant-suboptimal-mutualism ant-efficient-mutualism ant-inefficient-mutualism ant-productive-mutualism ant-unproductive-mutualism ant-successful-mutualism ant-unsuccessful-mutualism ant-stable-mutualism ant-unstable-mutualism ant-persistent-mutualism ant-transient-mutualism ant-obligate-mutualism ant-facultative-mutualism ant-specific-mutualism ant-generalized-mutualism ant-exclusive-mutualism ant-non-exclusive-mutualism ant-symbiotic-mutualism ant-non-symbiotic-mutualism ant-trophic-mutualism ant-defensive-mutualism ant-dispersive-mutualism ant-pollination-mutualism ant-agriculture-mutualism ant-construction-mutualism ant-nutrient-mutualism ant-protection-mutualism ant-cleaning-mutualism ant-transport-mutualism ant-storage-mutualism ant-processing-mutualism ant-consumption-mutualism ant-production-mutualism ant-exchange-mutualism ant-reciprocity-mutualism ant-by-product-mutualism ant-investment-mutualism ant-harvest-mutualism ant-cultivation-mutualism ant-domestication-mutualism ant-selection-mutualism ant-breeding-mutualism ant-engineering-mutualism ant-modification-mutualism ant-creation-mutualism ant-destruction-mutualism ant-transformation-mutualism ant-conversion-mutualism ant-utilization-mutualism ant-exploitation-mutualism ant-cooperation-mutualism ant-competition-mutualism ant-conflict-mutualism ant-resolution-mutualism ant-negotiation-mutualism ant-communication-mutualism ant-signal-mutualism ant-cue-mutualism ant-information-mutualism ant-knowledge-mutualism ant-learning-mutualism ant-memory-mutualism ant-cognition-mutualism ant-intelligence-mutualism ant-decision-mutualism ant-choice-mutualism ant-preference-mutualism ant-motivation-mutualism ant-emotion-mutualism ant-stress-mutualism ant-welfare-mutualism ant-health-mutualism ant-disease-mutualism ant-immunity-mutualism ant-resistance-mutualism ant-tolerance-mutualism ant-recovery-mutualism ant-healing-mutualism ant-therapy-mutualism ant-medicine-mutualism ant-prevention-mutualism ant-security-mutualism ant-safety-mutualism ant-risk-mutualism ant-hazard-mutualism ant-threat-mutualism ant-danger-mutualism ant-damage-mutualism ant-injury-mutualism ant-death-mutualism ant-mortality-mutualism ant-survival-mutualism ant-longevity-mutualism ant-reproduction-mutualism ant-fertility-mutualism ant-fecundity-mutualism ant-sterility-mutualism ant-virginity-mutualism ant-mating-mutualism ant-copulation-mutualism ant-insemination-mutualism ant-fertilization-mutualism ant-egg-mutualism ant-laying-mutualism ant-incubation-mutualism ant-hatching-mutualism ant-emergence-mutualism ant-eclosion-mutualism ant-molting-mutualism ant-ecdysis-mutualism ant-metamorphosis-mutualism ant-development-mutualism ant-growth-mutualism ant-differentiation-mutualism ant-maturation-mutualism ant-aging-mutualism ant-senescence-mutualism ant-decomposition-mutualism ant-recycling-mutualism ant-energy-mutualism ant-carbon-mutualism ant-nitrogen-mutualism ant-phosphorus-mutualism ant-sulfur-mutualism ant-water-mutualism ant-oxygen-mutualism ant-hydrogen-mutualism ant-mineral-mutualism ant-vitamin-mutualism ant-hormone-mutualism ant-enzyme-mutualism ant-protein-mutualism ant-lipid-mutualism ant-carbohydrate-mutualism ant-nucleic-acid-mutualism ant-DNA-mutualism ant-RNA-mutualism ant-gene-mutualism ant-genome-mutualism ant-chromosome-mutualism ant-cell-mutualism ant-tissue-mutualism ant-organ-mutualism ant-system-mutualism ant-organism-mutualism ant-individual-mutualism ant-colony-mutualism ant-population-mutualism ant-species-mutualism ant-genus-mutualism ant-family-mutualism ant-order-mutualism ant-class-mutualism ant-phylum-mutualism ant-kingdom-mutualism ant-domain-mutualism ant-life-mutualism ant-earth-mutualism ant-universe-mutualism
Cyrtinus beckeri
Cyrtinus beckeri is a minute longhorned beetle species in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by Howden in 1960. It is known from the United States, where it has been documented feeding on Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum). Like other members of the genus Cyrtinus, it is among the smallest cerambycids, exhibiting ant-mimicking characteristics.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Cyrtinini ant-mimicry xylophagous Acer-grandidentatum United-States Mexico Howden-1960 minute-beetle wood-boring-beetle
Cyrtoquedius verres
Cyrtoquedius verres is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Smetana in 1971. It belongs to the subtribe Cyrtoquediina within the tribe Staphylinini. The species is documented from multiple U.S. states and Mexico, indicating a broad distribution across the southeastern and south-central United States and adjacent Mexico. As a member of Staphylinidae, it possesses the characteristic short elytra that leave most of the abdomen exposed.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Staphylininae Staphylinini Cyrtoquediina North-America United-States Mexico
Dalbulus maidis
corn leafhopper, cigarrinha-do-milho, chicharrita del maíz
Dalbulus maidis is a phloem-feeding leafhopper and one of the most significant pests of maize production across the Americas. It serves as the primary vector of the corn stunt disease complex, transmitting at least four pathogens including Spiroplasma kunkelii, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, and Maize rayado fino virus. The species exhibits strict host specialization with Zea mays, enabling highly efficient pathogen transmission. Population outbreaks can cause yield losses exceeding 80% in affected regions. The species has become increasingly problematic in Argentina and Brazil, particularly under intensive continuous maize cultivation systems.
agricultural-pest vector maize corn-stunt phloem-feeder integrated-pest-management biological-control RNAi Argentina Brazil Mexico United-States
Dalmosanus steevesi
Dalmosanus steevesi is a species of ant-loving beetle (myrmecophile) in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. It is a small rove beetle known to inhabit ant colonies. The species was described in 1968 from North American specimens.
myrmecophile ant-loving-beetle rove-beetle Pselaphinae Trichonychini North-America United-States Schuster-&-Grigarick-1968
Daulia magdalena
Glittering Magdalena Moth
Daulia magdalena, the glittering Magdalena moth, is a species of pyraloid moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles H. Fernald in 1892. The species is known from the southeastern United States, specifically Alabama and Florida.
Crambidae Spilomelinae North-America United-States Alabama Florida 1892-description Charles-H.-Fernald
Decua cucurbita
Decua cucurbita is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1936. It belongs to the tribe Cicadellini within the subfamily Cicadellinae. Distribution records indicate this species occurs in the southwestern United States, specifically in Arizona and New Mexico. As a member of the Auchenorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of this suborder.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha United-States Arizona New-Mexico
Decusa expansa
Decusa expansa is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1866. It belongs to the tribe Oxypodini within the subtribe Dinardina. The species has been documented from several eastern and midwestern U.S. states. Like other aleocharine rove beetles, it is likely small-bodied with reduced elytra typical of the family.
Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Oxypodini Coleoptera rove-beetle LeConte-1866 North-America United-States Illinois Indiana Maryland Virginia
Delphacodes recurvata
Delphacodes recurvata is a planthopper species in the family Delphacidae, described by Beamer in 1948. It belongs to a genus of small planthoppers that are commonly associated with grasses and sedges. Members of the family Delphacidae are characterized by a distinctive spur on the hind tibia and are significant as vectors of plant pathogens, though specific pathogen associations for this species have not been documented. The species has been recorded from several mid-Atlantic and southeastern U.S. states.
planthopper Delphacidae Hemiptera United-States Beamer-1948
Deraeocoris nubilus
Deraeocoris nubilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1921. Two subspecies are recognized: D. n. nubilus and D. n. obscuripes. The species is known from scattered localities in eastern and north-central United States, with records from Montana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it is a predatory mirid associated with vegetation.
Miridae plant-bug predatory-mirid North-America United-States
Deraeocoris ornatus
Deraeocoris ornatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1921. It is recorded from the central United States, specifically from South Dakota, Illinois, and Nebraska. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it is presumed to be a predatory or omnivorous plant bug, though specific ecological details remain undocumented.
Miridae plant-bug Hemiptera North-America United-States predatory-bug
Derobrachus leechi
Derobrachus leechi is a large prionine longhorn beetle described in 1977 from the southwestern United States and Mexico. It belongs to a genus commonly known as palo verde root borers, though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented. The species is rarely encountered in collections and field observations are sparse.
Cerambycidae Prioninae Prionini Derobrachus Coleoptera beetle longhorn-beetle prionid southwestern-North-America Mexico United-States 1977-description Chemsak Linsley
Diarsia rubifera
Red Dart
Diarsia rubifera, commonly known as the Red Dart, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is broadly distributed across North America, ranging from coast to coast in Canada and the northern United States, with southern extensions into western North Carolina, Tennessee, and parts of the western states. The species was first described by Grote in 1875 and is recognized as a valid species within the genus Diarsia.
moth Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America Canada United-States
Diasemiodes janassialis
Pied Shawl Moth
Diasemiodes janassialis is a small moth in the family Crambidae, commonly known as the Pied Shawl Moth. First described by Francis Walker in 1859, it occurs across the southeastern and south-central United States. The species belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae, a diverse group of grass moths.
moth Crambidae Spilomelinae North-America United-States
Diaspidiotus liquidambaris
Sweetgum Scale
Diaspidiotus liquidambaris is a scale insect in the family Diaspididae, commonly known as the Sweetgum Scale. It is a specialized feeder on sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua) and related species. As a member of the armored scales, it produces a protective waxy covering over its body. The species was first described by Kotinsky in 1903 under the basionym Chemnaspidiotus liquidambaris. It occurs in the United States, where it can be a minor pest of ornamental and forest trees.
scale-insect Diaspididae armored-scale sweetgum pest United-States Kotinsky-1903 Chemnaspidiotus-liquidambaris
Diceroprocta knighti
Dusty Flag-Bearer
Diceroprocta knighti is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it is an annual cicada with a multi-year nymphal stage spent underground feeding on tree and shrub roots. Adults emerge during summer months, with males producing species-specific acoustic signals to attract females. The species is part of the diverse cicada fauna of the Sonoran Desert region, where it co-occurs with related congeners at different elevations.
cicada Diceroprocta Sonoran-Desert annual-cicada Hemiptera Cicadidae acoustic-communication root-feeding-nymphs summer-emergence southwestern-North-America xylem-feeder desert-arthropod insect-song multi-year-life-cycle tymbal-organ monsoon-associated-emergence Cicadinae Fidicinini Davis-1917 Dusty-Flag-Bearer Arizona California Baja-California Sinaloa Sonora Mexico United-States arthropod insect true-bug Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Cicadoidea Guyalnina
Dichoxenus
Dichoxenus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae. A 2024 taxonomic revision recognized 25 species, including 17 newly described from Mexico and the southern United States. The genus was expanded through synonymy of Anametis and transfer of several species from other genera. Most species are nocturnal and associated with vegetation, though some occur in leaf litter and three species are known or suspected to be cave-dwelling.
Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae Byrsopagini broad-nosed-weevils nocturnal cave-dwelling troglomorphic North-America Mexico United-States
Dichromorpha elegans
short-winged grasshopper, elegant grasshopper
Dichromorpha elegans is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is commonly known as the short-winged grasshopper or elegant grasshopper. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the southeastern and eastern United States.
grasshopper Acrididae Orthoptera North-America United-States
Dicyrtoma fusca
Dicyrtoma fusca is a species of globular springtail in the family Dicyrtomidae, distributed across the United States and Europe. The species exhibits variable coloration ranging from yellowish-red to dark red, with a distinctive pattern of two intersecting dorsal stripes forming a cross shape on the back. A lighter form (var. 1) and a darker subspecies (D. fusca var. rufescens) have been described, with the latter being predominantly European and characterized by yellowish eyes. The species possesses the characteristic pronged antennae typical of the genus Dicyrtoma.
springtail globular-springtail Collembola Symphypleona Dicyrtomidae Dicyrtoma Dicyrtoma-fusca Dicyrtoma-fusca-var.-rufescens Dicyrtoma-fusca-Var-1 United-States Europe Azores Arctic Sub-arctic Lubbock-1873 pronged-antennae dorsal-stripes cross-pattern reddish-coloration yellowish-red dark-red variable-coloration eye-coloration subspecies color-variant
Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
scoliid-wasp parasitoid scarab-beetle western-Colorado McInnis-Canyons spring-emergence Solidago mustards biological-control Hymenoptera Scoliidae Dielis Campsomerini biodiversity-survey integrated-pest-management melissa-schreiner extension-entomology saussure-1857 toltec-scoliid-wasp riparian Colorado-River flower-visitor nectar-feeding solitary-wasp ground-nesting-parasitoid scarab-grub-parasitoid aculeate apocrita aculeata campsomerinae western-North-America Nearctic Neotropical Mesoamerica Arizona Baja-California Sonora underground-host-hunter external-parasitoid larval-provisioning spring-active insect-biodiversity rare-ecosystem-survey natural-heritage-survey CSU-extension Colorado-State-University agricultural-pest-management tree-fruit wine-grapes row-crops invasive-species-monitoring Japanese-beetle Popillia-japonica corn-earworm Helicoverpa-zea IPM pest-monitoring moth-trapping B3-allele-testing citizen-science Department-of-Agriculture-trapping targeted-larval-treatments Mesa-County Palisade-peaches Olathe-sweet-corn heritage-crops Warner-College-of-Natural-Resources Colorado-Natural-Heritage-Survey Ouray-County field-survey intensive-survey under-surveyed-counties insect-abundance ecosystem-health field-days educational-outreach continuing-education commercial-pesticide-applicators licensed-applicators visual-artist nature-illustration mixed-media Art-Bug-Studios botanical-illustration insect-illustration Colorado-Master-Gardener adult-learning garden-education pest-identification naturalist photography backpacking hiking historical-sites wilderness solitude mushroom-hunting edible-fungi morels chanterelles king-boletes Southern-Rockies Rainbow-trout fishing camping backwoods-cooking public-lands Front-Range youth-farmer Cultiva-Youth-Project farmers-markets European-honey-bee wild-bee-swarms plant-identification visual-skills observation fieldwork insect-ecology American-southwest wildlife-and-people complex-histories teaching natural-world curiosity hands-on-experience Colorado-arthropods standout-ECP early-career-professional Entomological-Society-of-America ECP-Committee terminal-degree applied-research education-program tree-fruit-pest-management wine-grape-pest-management row-crop-pest-management invasive-species eradication trapping larval-treatment biodiversity-documentation rare-ecosystems under-surveyed-regions ecosystem-survey five-year-survey intensive-surveys unique-Colorado-ecosystems agriculture Palisade Olathe IPM-strategies corn-earworm-management sweet-corn-farms arborists public-safety educational-programs Coloradans farms schools museums master's-degree Whitney-Cranshaw arthropod-diversity industrial-hemp Ph.D.-program Micky-Eubanks remote-program western-Colorado-crops outdoor-work natural-world-understanding garden-insects plant-ID-team insect-identification insect-observation insect-photography insect-stories academic-success deep-knowledge teaching-others valued-pursuit extension-work caring-for-people insects-second insect-samples precise-identifications research-sites commercial-farms orchards onsite-investigations informed-solutions stone-fruit-orchard unexpected-pest-species Cooperative-Agricultural-Pest-Survey rapid-response invasive-threats pest-management-professionals public-health-officials food-safety-experts cafeterias processing-facilities rural-library high-alpine-public-lands outreach-programs scientific-knowledge practical-solutions student-educational-events continuing-education-workshops licensed-commercial-pesticide-applicators February-workshop hundreds-of-applicators wide-range-of-disciplines educational-programming community-collaboration complex-ecological-challenges complex-agricultural-challenges unique-extension-program predominantly-IPM rewarding-work creative-illustration insect-biology complex-scientific-concepts engaging-education accessible-education statewide-Colorado-Master-Gardener-Program hundreds-of-visuals gardeners insect-pests enhanced-adult-learning empowered-master-gardeners insect-related-inquiries education-and-practical-solutions fulfilling-work narrowing-focus greatest-challenge needs-everywhere insects-know-no-county-lines large-area-to-cover not-enough-personnel early-career-excitement saying-yes-to-projects tempting-to-dive-in all-kinds-of-insect-related-work pest-management-every-crop biodiversity-surveys public-education delegation successful-funding-strategies more-personnel prioritize-self-care tough-lesson efficiency impactful-work focus-on-key-areas skills-and-interests spreading-too-thin compromise-quality affect-well-being narrowing-areas-of-focus thoughtful-targeted-support healthier-work-life-balance meaningful-work not-just-widespread save-the-world-or-savor-the-world balance-concepts healthy-career deliberately-live-life-outside-entomology family-time friends-time public-lands-time individual-values cultural-values traditions solo-traveling comfort-zone habits routines old-friends new-friends share-meal-with-locals travel new-cultures new-places You-Should-Leave-Now Brie-Doyle solitude-power intentional-retreats rediscover-purpose replenish-energy fulfilling-life creative-prowess inherently-creative do-not-tell-yourself-not crafting-stories art music express-emotions express-ideas inventing-tools inventing-technologies solve-problems designing-structures shape-environments creativity-flourishes adapt-ability innovative-solutions respect-recovery-time demands-of-obligations regular-acts-of-kindness random-acts-of-kindness constant-life-service generate-own-happiness virtues-between-extremes Aristotle-Gold-Mean-Concept life-balance physical-well-being mental-well-being social-well-being hustle-culture too-much-haste rush over-focus-professional-lives missing-out meant-to-become overcommitting overexerting choice-every-day proudest-achievement childhood-learning specific-fungi-species highly-sought-after family-foraging dad's-Russian-colleague 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McInnis-Canyons-National-Conservation-Area hunting-wasps favorite-group spring-species flowering-mustards several-years-observation females-parasitize scarab-beetle-grubs Google-Scholar ResearchGate LinkedIn @western_colorado_insects @a_botanical_bug Cierra-Briggs Harris-County-Mosquito-and-Vector-Control Houston-Texas Medical-Urban-and-Veterinary-Entomology-Section ESA-Early-Career-Professionals-Committee [email protected]photos-courtesy email-link print Facebook Bluesky Mastodon X Reddit Threads related-posts discover-more Entomology-Today subscribe latest-posts email careers early-career-professionals entomology-careers extension illustration work-life-balance Beetles-In-The-Bush Ted-C.-MacRae Art-Evans What's-Bugging-You photograph 10-years-ago difficult-challenge guesses identity location past-months digging key-to-identity order-gimme 2-points family-difficult 4-points taxonomic-changes-hint genus-challenge 6-points online-resources species-name-impossible short-list 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longipennis-Dissosteira magna-Brachystola magnifica-Trimerotropis melanoptera-Trimerotropis montanus-Xanthippus montezuma-Syrbula nebrascensis-Phoetaliotes neglectus-Cratypedes nevadensis-Acrolophitus niveus-Oecanthus nubilum-Boopedon obscura-Opeia occidentalis-Melanoplus occipitalis-Cordillacris ocelote-Hippiscus olivacea-Campylacantha oregonensis-Melanoplus packardii-Melanoplus pallidipennis-Trimerotropis pardalinus-Metator parviceps-Cibolacris pelidna-Orphulella pellucida-Camnula picta-Mermiria pistrinaria-Trimerotropis plattei-Mestobregma ponderosus-Melanoplus pseudonietana-Arphia quadrimaculatum-Phlibostroma quadripunctatus-Oecanthus rabula-Circotettix regalis-Melanoplus robusta-Udeopsylla robustus-Leprus rufa-Heliaula sanguinipes-Melanoplus simplex-Anabrus simplex-Arphia simplex-Eritettix sordidus-Encoptolophus sparsa-Trimerotropis speciosa-Orphulella speciosus-Hesperotettix splendidus-Melanoplus spretus-Melanoplus spurcata-Dissosteira subgracilis-Encoptolophus sulcifrons-Conozoa tenuipennis-Aeoloplides texana-Conozoa texana-Mermiria texana-Psoloessa tolteca-Trimerotropis trifasciatus-Hadrotettix tristis-Melanoplus turnbulli-Aeoloplides utahensis-Ceuthophilus verruculatus-Trimerotropis virgata-Paropomala viridifasciata-Chortophaga viridis-Hesperotettix wyomingensis-Paropomala xanthoptera-Arphia yarrowii-Melanoplus not-true-grasshoppers Acrididae discussed-manual confused-with-grasshoppers top-of-page back-to-contents navigation-main-page learn-more biology distribution-maps fact-sheets key-to-stages grasshopper-development grasshopper-names-common-scientific grasshopper-names-species-genus grasshopper-names-genus-species Acrolophitus-hirtipes Acrolophitus-nevadensis Aeoloplides-chenopodii Aeoloplides-tenuipennis Aeoloplides-tumbulli Aeropedellus-clavatus Ageneotettix-deorum Amphitomus-coloradus Anabrus-simplex Arphia-conspersa Arphia-pseudonietana Arphia-simplex Arphia-xanthoptera Aulocara-elliotti Aulocara-femoratum Boopedon-nubilum Brachystola-magna Camnula-pellucida Campylacantha-olivacea Ceuthophilus-alpinus Ceuthophilus-fusiformis Ceuthophilus-utahensis Chloealtis-abdominalis Chloealtis-conspersa Chorthippus-curtipennis Chortophaga-viridifasciata Cibolacris-parviceps Circotettix-carlinianus Circotettix-rabula Conozoa-suicifrons Conozoa-texana Cordillacris-crenulata Cordillacris-occipitalis Cratypedes-neglectus Dactylotum-bicolor Daihnia-brevipes Derotmema-haydeni Dissosteira-carolina Dissosteira-longipennis Dissosteira-spurcata Encoptolophus-sordidus Encoptolophus-subgracilis Eritettix-simplex Gryllus-spp Hadrotettix-trifasciatus Heliaula-rufa Hesperotettix-speciosus Hesperotettix-viridis Hippiscus-ocelote Hippopedon-capito Hypochlora-alba Leprus-cyaneus Leprus-robustus Melanoplus-alpinus Melanoplus-angustipennis Melanoplus-arizonae Melanoplus-bispinosus Melanoplus-bivittatus Melanoplus-borealis Melanoplus-bowditchi Melanoplus-bruneri Melanoplus-complanatipes Melanoplus-confusus Melanoplus-dawsonii Melanoplus-differentialis Melanoplus-discolor Melanoplus-dodgei Melanoplus-fasciatus Melanoplus-femurrubrum Melanoplus-flavidus Melanoplus-foedus Melanoplus-gladstoni Melanoplus-glaucipes Melanoplus-infantilis Melanoplus-keeleri Melanoplus-kennicotti Melanoplus-lakinus Melanoplus-occidentalis Melanoplus-oregonensis Melanoplus-packardii Melanoplus-ponderosus Melanoplus-regalis Melanoplus-sanguinipes Melanoplus-splendidus Melanoplus-spretus Melanoplus-tristis Melanoplus-yarrowii Mermiria-bivittata Mermiria-picta Mermiria-texana Mestobregma-plattei Metator-pardalinus Oecanthus-argentinus Oecanthus-californicus Oecanthus-niveus Oecanthus-quadripunctatus Oedaloenotus-enigma Opeia-obscura Orphulella-pelidna Orphulella-speciosa Pardalophora-apiculata Pardalophora-haidemanii Paropomala-virgata Paropomala-wyomingensis Phlibostroma-quadrimaculatum Phoetaliotes-nebrascensis Pseudopomala-brachyptera Psoloessa-delicatula Psoloessa-texana Schistocerca-alutacea Spharagemon-bolli Spharagemon-collare Spharagemon-equale Spharagemon-humile Stenobothrus-brunneus Stethophyma-gracile Syrbula-admirabilis Syrbula-montezuma Trachyrhachys-aspera Trachyrhachys-coronata Trachyrhachys-kiowa Trimerotropis-agrestis Trimerotropis-californica Trimerotropis-campestris Trimerotropis-cincta Trimerotropis-citrina Trimerotropis-cyaneipennis Trimerotropis-fontana Trimerotropis-fratercula Trimerotropis-gracilis Trimerotropis-inconspicua Trimerotropis-latifasciata Trimerotropis-magnifica Trimerotropis-melanoptera Trimerotropis-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-sparsa Trimerotropis-tolteca Trimerotropis-verruculatus Tropidolophus-formosus Udeopsylla-robusta Xanthippus-corallipes Xanthippus-montanus true-grasshoppers Acrididae-discussed manual-confused grasshoppers-top page-back contents-navigation main-page learn-more-biology distribution-maps-fact sheets-key stages-grasshopper development-grasshoppers Colorado-grasshoppers Wyoming-West Entomology-GRASSHOPPERS COLORADO-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-GENUS SPECIES-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-COMMON SCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-SPECIES GENUS-abdominalis Chloealtis-Thomas Uhler-agrestis Trimerotropis-McNeill Dodge-alpinus Ceuthophilus-Scudder Scudder-alutacea Schistocerca-Scudder Dodge-apiculata Pardalophora-Harris Saussure-arizonae Melanoplus-Scudder Scudder-bicolor Dactylotum-Thomas Scudder-bivittata Mermiria-Serville Say-bolli Spharagemon-Morse Fieber-bowditchi Scudder-brevipes Daihnia-Haldeman Scudder-brunneus Stenobothrus-Thomas Bruner-californicus Oecanthus-Saussure McNeill-capito Hippopedon-Stal Thomas-carolina Dissosteira-L Bruner-cincta Trimerotropis-Thomas Scudder-clavatus Aeropedellus-Thomas Scudder-coloradus Amphitornus-Thomas Scudder-confusus Scudder-conspersa Chloealtis-Harris Haldeman-coronata Trachyrhachys-Scudder Bruner-curtipennis Chorthippus-Harris Bruner-cyaneus Leprus-Cockerell Scudder-delicatula Psoloessa-Scudder Scudder-differentialis Melanoplus-Thomas Scudder-dodgei Thomas-enigma Oedaloenotus-Scudder Say-fasciatus Melanoplus-F-Walker Scudder-femurrubrum Melanoplus-DeGeer Scudder-foedus Thomas-formosus Tropidolophus-Say McNeill-fusiformis Scudder-glaucipes Scudder-gracilis Scudder-haydeni Derotmema-Thomas Say-humile Bruner-infantilis Thomas-kennicotti Thomas-lakinus Scudder-longipennis Dissosteira-Thomas Girard-magnifica Trimerotropis-Rehn McNeill-montanus Xanthippus-Thomas Saussure-nebrascensis Phoetaliotes-Thomas Thomas-nevadensis Acrolophitus-Thomas DeGeer-nubilum Boopedon-Say Thomas-occidentalis Thomas-ocelote Hippiscus-Saussure Scudder-oregonensis Scudder-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-Burmeister Saussure-parviceps Cibolacris-Bruner Burmeister-pellucida Camnula-Scudder Walker-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-Saussure Thomas-ponderosus Thomas-quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma-Thomas Beutenmuller-rabula Circotettix-Rehn Hebard-regales Melanoplus-Dodge Haldeman-robustus Leprus-Hebard Scudder-sanguinipes Melanoplus-Fabricius Haldeman-simplex Arphia-Scudder Scudder-sordidus Encoptolophus-Burmeister Thomas-speciosa Orphulella-Scudder Scudder-splendidus Melanoplus-Hebard Walsh-spurcata Dissosteira-Saussure Caudell-sulcifrons Conozoa-Scudder Scudder-texana Conozoa-Bruner Bruner-texana Brunner-trifasciatus Hadrotettix-Say Bruner-turnbulli Aeoloplides-Caudell Thomas-verruculatus Trimerotropis-Scudder Scudder-viridifasciata Chortophaga-DeGeer Scudder-wyomingensis Paropomala-Thomas Burmeister-yarrowii species-not-true grasshoppers-Acrididae discussed-manual-because top-of-the page-back-to Contents-Navigation-Main Page-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-LEARN-MORE Biology-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-Key to-Stages-of Grasshopper-Development-Biology Distribution-Maps-LEARN MORE-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-LEARN MORE-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-Fact-Sheets of-Grasshopper-Development LEARN-MORE-Grasshoppers
Dineutus shorti
whirligig beetle
Dineutus shorti is a species of whirligig beetle (family Gyrinidae) described in 2015 from the southeastern coastal plain of the United States. It represents the first unequivocally new species of whirligig beetle described from the U.S. since 1991. The species has an extremely restricted range, known only from a narrow section of the coastal plain in the Blackwater and Pensacola river watersheds of Santa Rosa and Okaloosa counties, Florida and Covington County, Alabama. It was named in honor of aquatic coleopterist Andrew E. Z. Short.
whirligig-beetle Gyrinidae aquatic-beetle endemic southeastern-coastal-plain longleaf-pine new-species-2015 United-States
Dipoena malkini
Dipoena malkini is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae, first described by Levi in 1953. It is a small spider known from the United States. Like other members of the genus Dipoena, it constructs irregular, tangled webs characteristic of theridiid spiders. The species remains poorly documented with limited observational records.
cobweb-spider Theridiidae United-States
Discoderus amoenus
Discoderus amoenus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1863. It is endemic to the United States, with distribution records indicating presence in North America. The genus Discoderus belongs to the tribe Harpalini within the subfamily Harpalinae. Like other members of Carabidae, this species is likely predatory, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Carabidae ground-beetle endemic United-States LeConte-1863 Harpalini Coleoptera Adephaga
Dolomedes vittatus
Banded Fishing Spider
Dolomedes vittatus is a nursery web spider commonly known as the Banded Fishing Spider. It occurs throughout the United States. As a member of the genus Dolomedes, it is associated with aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats where it hunts prey at the water's surface. The species is among the more frequently observed fishing spiders in North America, with over 5,000 documented observations.
spider arachnid fishing-spider nursery-web-spider North-America United-States aquatic
Dorcaschema wildii
Mulberry Borer
Dorcaschema wildii, commonly known as the mulberry borer, is a longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) native to the United States. The species was first described by Uhler in 1855. As a member of the subfamily Lamiinae, it belongs to a diverse group of wood-boring beetles. Its common name suggests association with mulberry plants (Morus spp.), though specific ecological relationships remain poorly documented in published literature.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae wood-boring-beetle United-States North-America
Dorydiella floridana
Dorydiella floridana is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1897. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Pendarini. The species has been recorded from multiple U.S. states in the eastern and southeastern regions. As with many small Auchenorrhyncha, detailed biological and ecological information remains limited in published literature.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Pendarini North-America United-States
Dorymyrmex bureni
Buren's Pyramid Ant, Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex bureni is a medium-sized ant species in the genus Dorymyrmex, commonly known as pyramid ants. Described by Trager in 1988, this species is native to the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Workers are light orange, fast-moving, and range 2–4 mm in length. The species is distinguished by its crater-shaped nest mounds in sandy soil and a characteristic coconut-like odor emitted when crushed. Unlike the aggressive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), D. bureni is relatively harmless to humans and lacks a functional sting.
ant native coastal sand non-pest pyramid-ant Dolichoderinae Formicidae Hymenoptera United-States Atlantic-Coastal-Plain sea-turtle-nest-associate
Dorymyrmex grandulus
Great Cone Ant, Mousy Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex grandulus, commonly known as the great cone ant or mousy pyramid ant, is a species of ant in the genus Dorymyrmex described by Auguste Forel in 1922. The species is endemic to the United States and belongs to the pyramid ant group, which are characterized by their distinctive conical nest mounds. Like other Dorymyrmex species, they are typically found in open, sandy habitats and are active foragers during warm periods.
ant pyramid-ant cone-ant native United-States Forel-1922 Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini
Draeculacephala inscripta
Waterlettuce Leafhopper
Draeculacephala inscripta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1915. It is commonly known as the Waterlettuce Leafhopper due to its association with aquatic and semi-aquatic host plants. The species has been recorded from multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, and Hawaii, as well as being present in California where it has been studied as a host for egg parasitoids. Its eggs serve as hosts for several parasitoid wasp species in the families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae.
leafhopper Cicadellidae aquatic parasitoid-host waterlettuce United-States Hawaii California Florida biological-control egg-parasitoid Mymaridae Trichogrammatidae