Endemic
Guides
Idionotus
shield-backed katydids
Idionotus is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, containing seven described species. These insects are endemic to western North America, with records from California and Oregon. The genus was established by Scudder in 1894 and includes species such as the siskiyou shieldback (I. siskiyou) and tehachapi shieldback (I. tehachapi).
Idiostatus inyo
Inyo Shieldback
Idiostatus inyo is a species of shieldback katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, described by Rehn & Hebard in 1920. It is endemic to California and is associated with the Inyo Mountains region, from which its specific epithet derives. The species belongs to a genus of flightless, ground-dwelling katydids commonly known as shieldbacks due to their enlarged, shield-like pronotum that covers much of the thorax and wings. Like other Idiostatus species, it is adapted to arid and semi-arid mountain environments.
Ilnacora arizonae
Ilnacora arizonae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1963. It is endemic to Arizona, USA, and belongs to a genus of mirid bugs associated with woody vegetation. As with many mirids, specific ecological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
Insulaphylus
Insulaphylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. The genus is characterized by morphological features typical of the family, including the distinctive hemelytra with membranous apical portions. At least one species, Insulaphylus cruz, has been formally described and documented in museum collections. The genus belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of the Western Hemisphere.
Insulaphylus meridianus
Insulaphylus meridianus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. The species is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, specifically recorded from San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island. As a member of the genus Insulaphylus, it represents part of a lineage associated with island habitats.
Ischnura gemina
San Francisco Forktail
Ischnura gemina is a small damselfly endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area of California, with a total range of less than 500 square miles. It is considered one of the rarest odonates in the United States. The species inhabits coastal wetland ecosystems and has been observed to have an unusually long adult lifespan for a damselfly, likely an adaptation to the region's foggy climate. Populations have declined due to urbanization and habitat destruction, though the species shows some resilience to certain forms of habitat degradation.
Ixodes affinis
Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.
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stemosa
twintip buckeye
Junonia stemosa, the twintip buckeye, is a butterfly species described in 2020 following genomic revision of North American Junonia. It is endemic to southern Texas, particularly coastal barrier islands, where it specializes on Stemodia tomentosa as its exclusive larval host plant. The species maintains genetic integrity despite occurring in sympatry with related buckeyes, and its distribution is tightly linked to the patchy occurrence of its host plant in sandy coastal habitats.
Katianna maryae
Katianna maryae is a springtail species described in 2014 and endemic to the East Coast of North America. It is recognized by its distinctive camouflage-like color pattern and morphological features including spiked antennae and abdominal striping. The species belongs to the globular springtail order Symphypleona and is one of the more frequently observed springtails in its range, with over 350 iNaturalist records.
Keltonia rubrofemorata
Keltonia rubrofemorata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1966. It belongs to the genus Keltonia, a small group of mirid bugs. The species is known from limited records in Florida, USA. Very little published information exists regarding its biology or ecology.
Kessleria
Kessleria is a genus of small moths in the family Yponomeutidae, first described by Nowicki in 1864. The genus contains approximately 35 recognized species distributed primarily across the Palearctic region, with additional species found in Madagascar, New Guinea, and Japan. Many species exhibit narrow geographic ranges and are associated with high-elevation or insular habitats. The genus has been subject to significant taxonomic revision, particularly by Huemer and colleagues, who used DNA barcoding to clarify species boundaries.
Koebelia
mottled pine leafhoppers
Koebelia is a genus of leafhoppers endemic to western North America, commonly known as mottled pine leafhoppers. Members of this genus are small insects, measuring 3–5 mm in length, with distinctive brown or gray coloration marked by darker spots. The genus is distinguished morphologically by a head that is wider than the prothorax. All known species are associated with pine trees as their host plants.
Kovarikia
Kovarikia is a genus of scorpions in the family Vaejovidae, endemic to humid rocky microhabitats of southern California. The genus contains three described species: K. angelena, K. bogerti, and K. williamsi. It was established in 2014 based on distinctive morphological characters, particularly unique neobothriotaxy patterns on the pedipalp chelae.
Kybos
Kybos is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Species occur in Europe, New Zealand, Northern America, and Central Asia. At least six species have been documented in Kyrgyzstan, with four being native and endemic to Central Asia and two apparently introduced. Males produce species-specific vibrational calling signals used in mate recognition.
Kybos yukonensis
Kybos yukonensis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by Ross in 1963. The species is endemic to northwestern North America, with records from Alaska, Yukon, and British Columbia. As a member of the Empoascini tribe, it belongs to a group of small, agile leafhoppers often associated with woody vegetation.
Lachesilla tectorum
Lachesilla tectorum is a species of barklouse in the family Lachesillidae, described by Badonnel in 1931. It was originally described as endemic to the Canary Islands, though GBIF records indicate a much broader global distribution including Africa, the Americas, Australia, and the Pacific. The species belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small, often overlooked insects commonly found in association with dead plant material.
Lacunicambarus diogenes
devil crayfish, devil crawfish
Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.
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dgeimplicit-knowledgeunconscious-knowledgesubconscious-knowledgeconscious-knowledgeself-aware-knowledgereflexive-knowledgecritical-knowledgeemancipatory-knowledgetransformative-knowledgetransformational-knowledgerevolutionary-knowledgeevolutionary-knowledgedevelopmental-knowledgegrowth-knowledgematuration-knowledgeaging-knowledgesenescence-knowledgedeath-knowledgeextinction-knowledgepersistence-knowledgeresilience-knowledgerecovery-knowledgerestoration-knowledgerenewal-knowledgeregeneration-knowledgerevitalization-knowledgerejuvenation-knowledgerebirth-knowledgerenaissance-knowledgeawakening-knowledgeenlightenment-knowledgeillumination-knowledgeinspiration-knowledgeaspiration-knowledgehope-knowledgeoptimism-knowledgepessimism-knowledgerealism-knowledgeidealism-knowledgepragmatism-knowledgepracticality-knowledgefeasibility-knowledgeviability-knowledgedesirability-knowledgeacceptability-knowledgelegitimacy-knowledgecredibility-knowledgetrust-knowledgeconfidence-knowledgereliability-knowledgevalidity-knowledgerigor-knowledgequality-knowledgeexcellence-knowledgebest-practice-knowledgegood-practice-knowledgelesson-learned-knowledgesuccess-factor-knowledgefailure-factor-knowledgerisk-factor-knowledgeprotective-factor-knowledgedeterminant-knowledgedriver-knowledgepressure-knowledgestate-knowledgeimpact-knowledgeresponse-knowledgeDPSIR-knowledgeSTEEP-knowledgeSWOT-knowledgePESTLE-knowledgescenario-matrix-knowledgemorphological-analysis-knowledgeDelphi-method-knowledgeexpert-elicitation-knowledgestructured-expert-judgment-knowledgecitizen-deliberation-knowledgeparticipatory-modeling-knowledgecompanion-modeling-knowledgeserious-game-knowledgerole-play-knowledgesimulation-knowledgevirtual-reality-knowledgeaugmented-reality-knowledgemixed-reality-knowledgeimmersive-experience-knowledgesensory-experience-knowledgeembodied-experience-knowledgeaffective-experience-knowledgecognitive-experience-knowledgesocial-experience-knowledgecultural-experience-knowledgespiritual-experience-knowledgetranscendent-experience-knowledgetransformative-experience-knowledgelearning-experience-knowledgeeducational-experience-knowledgeresearch-experience-knowledgeprofessional-experience-knowledgepersonal-experience-knowledgelived-experience-knowledgeLaetilia zamacrella
Monterey Scale-feeding Snout
Laetilia zamacrella is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1925. It is endemic to California, where it is known by the common name Monterey Scale-feeding Snout. Like other members of its genus, it is a specialist predator of scale insects. The species is closely related to Laetilia coccidivora, which feeds on the Striped Pine Scale (Toumeyella pini).
Lamprolonchaea
metallic-green tomato flies, lance flies
Lamprolonchaea is a genus of lance flies (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) characterized by bright metallic golden-green coloration. The genus includes at least 24 species in Australia, with Lamprolonchaea brouniana being the most economically significant as a pest of tomato fruit. Australian species are taxonomically poorly understood, with limited descriptions of immature stages and no prior molecular characterization. The genus appears to be restricted to Australia, with most records from temperate southern regions.
Lamprosema baracoalis
Lamprosema baracoalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae, first described by William Schaus in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae, a diverse group of pyraloid moths. The species is known only from Cuba, with minimal documented observations.
Lapara phaeobrachycerous
Gulf Pine Sphinx
Lapara phaeobrachycerous, the Gulf Pine Sphinx, is a sphinx moth (Sphingidae) described by Brou in 1994. It is restricted to pine forests in the southeastern United States, specifically Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. Adults have a wingspan of 64–78 mm and are active from April through October.
Laphystia utahensis
Laphystia utahensis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Wilcox in 1960. The genus Laphystia belongs to the diverse asilid fauna of North America, with this species distinguished by its specific epithet referencing the state of Utah. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects that capture other arthropods in flight.
Lasionycta caesia
Lasionycta caesia is a noctuid moth restricted to high-elevation alpine habitats in the Pacific Northwest. It was described in 2009 as part of a comprehensive revision of the genus Lasionycta. The species occurs exclusively in rocky alpine tundra near tree line in the Cascade Mountains of northern Washington and the British Columbia Coast Range, extending north to 58° latitude. Adults are active for a brief period from mid-July to mid-August.
Lasionycta mono
Lasionycta mono is a species of noctuid moth described in 2009 by Crabo and Lafontaine. The species is known exclusively from its type locality in the Sierra Nevada of California. With a wingspan of approximately 26 mm, it represents a poorly documented member of a genus that underwent significant revision in 2009, when 17 new species were described. The specific epithet 'mono' refers to Mono County or the Mono Basin region of California.
Lasius murphyi
Murphy's Citronella Ant
Lasius murphyi is a species of citronella ant endemic to the United States and Canada. It belongs to a genus known for producing a lemon-scented defensive compound called citronellal. Like other Lasius species, it likely engages in mutualistic relationships with aphids and other hemipterans, tending them for honeydew. The species was described by Auguste Forel in 1901 and has been historically classified under the genus Acanthomyops, which is now treated as a synonym of Lasius.
Latrodectus bishopi
Red Widow
Latrodectus bishopi, the red widow spider, is a venomous cobweb spider endemic to the sand-pine scrub habitat of central and southern Florida. First described as a variety of L. mactans in 1938 and elevated to species status in 1964, it is distinguished from other widow spiders by its distinctive coloration and lack of a complete hourglass marking. The species is listed as threatened in the United States due to its restricted range and habitat specificity.
Lepidurus packardi
Vernal Pool Tadpole Shrimp
Lepidurus packardi is a federally endangered, California endemic freshwater microcrustacean in the order Notostraca. It is an ephemeral wetland specialist restricted to vernal pools and other temporary water bodies. The species is a key food source for larval California Tiger Salamander and acts as an ecosystem engineer through bioturbation. It reaches approximately 5 cm in length with a shield-like carapace up to 3.5 cm long.
Lepilius chisosensis
Lepilius chisosensis is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae, described from the Chisos Mountains of Texas in 2012. It belongs to a genus of flightless weevils associated with high-elevation habitats in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is known from a limited number of specimens and has been documented in coniferous forest environments.
Lepismadora algodones
Algodones Sand Jewel Beetle
Lepismadora algodones is a tiny jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) and the sole member of its genus. Described in 1987, it represents the most recently discovered new genus of jewel beetle in the United States. The species exhibits an extraordinarily restricted distribution, having been found only in a single old canal on the west side of the Algodones Sand Hills in southeastern California. Its closest known relative is the genus Eudiadora, known only from Argentina, indicating a remarkable disjunct biogeographic relationship.
Leucauge licina
Dominican Spider
Leucauge licina is a species of long-jawed orbweaver spider in the family Tetragnathidae. It is known from Caribbean islands including Cuba and Jamaica, with most records from the Dominican Republic. Like other members of the genus Leucauge, it constructs horizontal orb webs and displays distinctive coloration with silvery or pearly markings. The species is part of a genus containing over 200 species worldwide, with only two species (L. venusta and L. argyra) documented in North America north of Mexico.
Libellula jesseana
Purple Skimmer
Libellula jesseana, the purple skimmer, is a threatened dragonfly endemic to Florida, United States. Adults measure approximately 5 centimeters in length. The species is restricted to infertile, clear, sandy-bottomed lakes with specific shoreline vegetation, and is critically imperiled due to habitat degradation from human development.
Lichnanthe albipilosa
White Sand Bear Scarab Beetle
Lichnanthe albipilosa is a species of scarab beetle in the family Glaphyridae, described by Carlson in 1980. It is endemic to California, USA, and is commonly known as the White Sand Bear Scarab Beetle. The species belongs to a small family of beetles associated with sandy habitats.
Lichnanthe apina
bumble bee scarab beetle
Lichnanthe apina is a scarab beetle in the family Glaphyridae, commonly called a bumble bee scarab beetle due to its resemblance to bumble bees. The species was described by Carlson in 1980 and is endemic to California, USA. Like other members of Glaphyridae, it likely exhibits Batesian mimicry of bumble bees as a defensive adaptation.
Ligidium blueridgensis
Ligidium blueridgensis is a terrestrial isopod species in the family Ligiidae, described in 1964 from specimens collected in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains. The species exhibits a disjunct distribution across multiple biogeographical barriers in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, with deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages suggesting long-term persistence and diversification in the region. It is one of several morphologically similar Ligidium species in the southern Appalachians.
Limnocoris moapensis
moapa warm springs naucorid, Warm Springs Naucorid
Limnocoris moapensis is a rare species of creeping water bug in the family Naucoridae. It is endemic to warm spring habitats in the Moapa Valley of Nevada, USA. The species is known from very few observations and is considered vulnerable due to its restricted range and dependence on thermal spring ecosystems. It belongs to the subfamily Limnocorinae, a group specialized for life in aquatic environments.
Lipochaeta
nehe
Lipochaeta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The genus comprises approximately 20 accepted species, commonly known as nehe. Several species are extinct or possibly extinct, including L. bryanii, L. degeneri, L. perdita, and L. populifolia. Taxonomic relationships within the genus remain uncertain and require further phylogenetic study.
Lirceolus
Texas Caveslaters
Lirceolus is a genus of freshwater isopods in the family Asellidae, endemic to subterranean habitats in Texas, USA. These troglobitic crustaceans are adapted to life in caves and aquifers, showing reduced pigmentation and eye structures compared to surface-dwelling relatives. The genus was established by Bowman and Longley in 1976 to accommodate species previously assigned to other asellid genera. Known as "Texas Caveslaters," they represent an important component of the unique groundwater fauna of the Edwards Aquifer and related systems.
Lithophane joannis
Buckeye Pinion
Lithophane joannis, known as the Buckeye Pinion, is a noctuid moth described by Covell and Metzler in 1992. It is a small species with forewings measuring 15–17 mm. The species exhibits an unusual flight period spanning late autumn through early spring, active from October to April. It is endemic to a restricted range in the eastern United States.
Lithophane leeae
Lithophane leeae is a noctuid moth described in 2009, notable for its extremely restricted distribution. It is known solely from the Chiricahua Mountains in southeastern Arizona, making it one of the most geographically limited species in its genus. The species was named by Walsh and remains poorly known due to its rarity and limited study.
Litiulus
Litiulus is a monotypic genus of millipedes in the family Parajulidae, containing only Litiulus alaskanus. It is endemic to the northeastern Pacific coastal region, ranging from Tlingit territory in the north to Haida territory in the south. The species is notable for its specialized diet of fungal fruiting bodies and slime molds, and its occurrence in hypermaritime old-growth rainforests.
Lophocampa indistincta
A tiger moth species in the family Erebidae, described in 1910. Males exhibit dark ocherous coloration with obscure wing markings and hyaline secondaries. Known exclusively from California's Channel Islands, making it a geographically restricted endemic with a wingspan of approximately 43 mm.
Lophocampa sobrina
Lophocampa sobrina is a moth species in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It was first described by Stretch in 1872 based on specimens from California. The species belongs to a genus of tiger moths characterized by dense hair-like body setae and often striking color patterns. As a member of the Arctiini tribe, it is part of a diverse group of moths with aposematic coloration and chemical defenses.
Lucidota luteicollis
Florida Scrub Dark Firefly
Lucidota luteicollis is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, endemic to Florida scrub habitats. First described by LeConte in 1878, it is one of the dark fireflies that lack the prominent light-producing organs seen in some better-known firefly species. The species has a restricted geographic range limited to the Florida peninsula.
Lutica
Lutica is a genus of zodariid spiders endemic to the California coast and Channel Islands. The genus comprises four described species, each with restricted distributions: two on mainland coastal dunes and two on specific islands. These spiders are notable for their unique sand-covered web tubes used in prey detection and their limited dispersal ability.
Lycaena dospassosi
maritime copper, saltmarsh copper
Lycaena dospassosi is a small copper butterfly endemic to eastern Canada, restricted to coastal saltmarsh habitats where its larval foodplant Argentina egedei grows. First described in 1940 by James McDunnough, it was originally treated as a subspecies of L. dorcas but is now recognized as a valid species. The butterfly has a wingspan of 25–31 mm and flies from late July to mid-August. Adults nectar on sea lavender (Limonium carolinianum).
Lycaena hermes
Hermes Copper
The Hermes Copper is a rare butterfly species endemic to southern California, currently classified under the genus Lycaena (family Lycaenidae). It is considered to be in danger of global extinction according to long-term monitoring data. The species has experienced severe population declines attributed to habitat loss, climate change, and pesticide use, particularly neonicotinoids.
Lynceidae
clam shrimp
Lynceidae is a family of small, bivalved crustaceans commonly known as clam shrimp, classified in the order Laevicaudata. The family contains approximately 5 genera and more than 20 described species, with the genus Lynceus being the most species-rich and well-studied. Members are distinguished from other clam shrimp families by specific morphological features of the carapace, head, and male clasping appendages. Lynceidae species inhabit temporary aquatic habitats across multiple continents, though many species have restricted distributions due to habitat destruction.
Lynceus
clam shrimp
Lynceus is a genus of clam shrimp in the family Lynceidae, comprising approximately 13 described species. These small branchiopod crustaceans inhabit temporary aquatic habitats, including desert rockholes, gnammas, and dolines. The genus has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, particularly in Australia where six species are now recognized. Species identification relies on morphological characters including male first thoracopod structure, head and rostrum form, antenna 2 spinal patterns, carapace shape, and the female lamina abdominalis.
Machimus novaescotiae
Nova Scotia Bladetail
Machimus novaescotiae is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Nova Scotia Bladetail. It is a predatory dipteran endemic to northeastern North America. The species was described by Macquart in 1847. Like other members of the genus Machimus, it is presumed to be an active aerial predator of other insects.
Macrobaenetes
sand-treader crickets, giant sand-treader crickets
Macrobaenetes is a genus of sand-treader crickets in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to California. The genus contains at least four described species, including the Algodones sand treader cricket (M. algodonensis) and the Kelso Dunes giant sand-treader cricket (M. kelsoensis). These insects are specialized for life in sandy desert environments.