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Bactericera lobata
Bactericera lobata is a psyllid species (family Triozidae) first described by Crawford in 1914. As a member of the genus Bactericera, it belongs to a diverse group of phloem-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The species is recorded from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Like other psyllids, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus includes economically significant species such as the potato psyllid (B. cockerelli), but B. lobata itself has received limited research attention.
psyllid Triozidae phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha North-America Crawford-1914
Bactericera maculipennis
psyllid, jumping plant louse
Bactericera maculipennis is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, native to western North America. It is a confirmed vector of 'Candidatus' Liberibacter solanacearum, the bacterium that causes zebra chip disease in potatoes. The species develops primarily on plants in the Convolvulaceae family, with field records documenting association with Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) throughout the western United States. Unlike the related potato psyllid B. cockerelli, B. maculipennis has not been documented as a direct economic threat to solanaceous crops, though it shares pathogen reservoirs with that species.
psyllid vector Liberibacter zebra-chip Convolvulaceae field-bindweed western-North-America Triozidae phloem-feeder endosymbionts
Bactericera minuta
Bactericera minuta is a small psyllid species native to North America that has become adventive in South America, where it was first recorded in Colombia. It feeds on willow species (Salix), particularly Salix humboldtiana, and has been associated with phytoplasma disease symptoms in infested trees. The species was originally described in 1910 and represents one of only two Bactericera species known from South America, where the genus is not native.
psyllid willow-pest adventive-species phytoplasma-association urban-pest Colombia North-America phloem-feeder ornamental-pest
Bactericera shepherdiae
Bactericera shepherdiae is a small psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Tuthill in 1938. It is associated with buffaloberry plants (Shepherdia spp.), specifically Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) and Canadian Buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis). The species is poorly documented and appears to be uncommon, with limited records from western North America. It is one of approximately 24 Bactericera species known from North America north of Mexico.
psyllid Triozidae Shepherdia buffaloberry phloem-feeder specialist-herbivore western-North-America
Balcanocerus fitchi
Balcanocerus fitchi is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Idiocerus fitchi by Van Duzee in 1909. Adults measure 5.4–6.2 mm in length and display distinctive coloration including yellow vertex with black spots, orange to brown thorax with spotted patterning, and marked wing edges. The species is associated with hawthorn and crab apple trees in open forest habitats of northeastern North America.
leafhopper Cicadellidae North-America forest-insect phloem-feeder
Barela
Barela is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, tribe Alebrini) established by Young in 1957. The genus belongs to the diverse group of typhlocybine leafhoppers, which are generally small, delicate insects with reduced wing venation. As a genus-level taxon, Barela encompasses multiple species, though specific biological details for the genus as a whole remain limited in published literature. The genus is part of the Alebrini tribe, whose members are typically associated with feeding on vascular plant tissues.
leafhopper Typhlocybinae Alebrini Neotropical phloem-feeder
Bemisia
Bemisia is a genus of whiteflies in the family Aleyrodidae, containing approximately 40 described species. The genus includes several economically significant agricultural pests, most notably Bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly or silverleaf whitefly), which is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species globally. Members of this genus are phloem-feeding insects that vector numerous plant viruses and cause direct damage through sap extraction and honeydew secretion. The genus exhibits complex taxonomic challenges, with B. tabaci alone comprising at least 42 cryptic species distinguishable only through molecular analysis.
whitefly agricultural-pest virus-vector invasive-species cryptic-species phloem-feeder
Bemisia argentifolii
Silverleaf whitefly, Sweetpotato whitefly (B biotype)
Bemisia argentifolii, described by Bellows & Perring in 1994, is a whitefly species belonging to the Bemisia tabaci species complex. It is a significant agricultural pest known for causing silverleafing symptoms in squash, transmitting plant viruses, and developing resistance to multiple insecticides. The species has been documented on over 900 host plants including vegetables, ornamentals, and fiber crops. It is frequently associated with greenhouse and protected cultivation environments but also occurs in open field agriculture in tropical and subtropical regions.
whitefly agricultural-pest virus-vector invasive-species insecticide-resistance greenhouse-pest phloem-feeder Bemisia-tabaci-complex silverleafing ornamental-pest vegetable-pest cotton-pest biological-control-target integrated-pest-management
Blastopsylla
eucalypt shoot psyllid
Blastopsylla is a genus of psyllids in the family Aphalaridae. The genus contains at least one economically significant species, Blastopsylla occidentalis, native to Australia and introduced to multiple continents including the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. Species in this genus are associated with Eucalyptus species, feeding on plant sap and causing damage to shoot tips.
eucalyptus-pest forest-entomology introduced-species Australian-native polyvoltine phloem-feeder
Blastopsylla occidentalis
Eucalyptus Shoot Psyllid
Blastopsylla occidentalis is a psyllid native to Australia that has been introduced to multiple continents, becoming a significant pest of Eucalyptus species in forestry plantations worldwide. The species forms colonies on apical shoot tips where adults and nymphs feed on phloem sap, causing shoot distortion, reduced growth, apical tip death, and general plant weakening. Under field conditions in tropical and subtropical regions, it exhibits polyvoltine reproduction with all life stages present year-round. Population densities fluctuate seasonally, with peaks during dry periods and declines during heavy rainfall.
eucalyptus-pest psyllid forestry-pest invasive-species polyvoltine phloem-feeder plantation-pest biological-control-target
Blissus
chinch bugs
Blissus is a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Blissidae) comprising approximately 27 species, commonly known as chinch bugs in North America. Several species are significant agricultural pests: B. leucopterus (true chinch bug) attacks cereal crops including wheat, corn, and sorghum; B. occiduus (western chinch bug) damages warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass; and B. insularis (southern chinch bug) is a major pest of St. Augustine grass. These species exhibit strong host preferences for grasses and can cause substantial economic damage through phloem feeding.
chinch-bug turfgrass-pest cereal-pest phloem-feeder grass-specialist Burkholderia-symbiosis insecticide-resistance invasive-potential economic-pest Hemiptera
Blissus leucopterus
true chinch bug, chinch bug
Blissus leucopterus, commonly known as the true chinch bug, is a small hemipteran native to North America and the most frequently encountered species in the genus Blissus. Adults measure approximately 4 mm in length with distinctive black bodies, white wings bearing black triangular spots, and reddish legs. The species is a significant agricultural pest of turfgrass and grain crops, particularly corn, wheat, and sorghum, causing damage by sucking sap from stems and leaves. Populations thrive under hot, dry, sunny conditions, while heavy rainfall and high humidity promote fungal pathogens that suppress infestations.
agricultural-pest turfgrass-pest grain-crop-pest phloem-feeder North-American-native invasive-potential quarantine-pest
Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
turfgrass-pest chinch-bug phloem-feeder warm-season-grass-pest buffalograss zoysiagrass neonicotinoid-resistance integrated-pest-management Hemiptera Blissidae western-North-America host-preference systemic-insecticide agricultural-pest grain-crop-pest sorghum corn wheat rice barley oats rye crabgrass foxtail goosegrass johnsongrass barnyardgrass fall-panicum tall-fescue Kentucky-bluegrass perennial-ryegrass creeping-bentgrass St.-Augustinegrass centipedegrass bermudagrass phloem-sap-feeder turfgrass-management insecticide-degradation imidacloprid clothianidin thiamethoxam pesticide-efficacy host-suitability nymphal-mortality fecundity survival host-relocation stoloniferous-growth grass-architecture choice-behavior polyphagy specialist-feeding pest-of-lawns golf-course-pest sports-turf-pest residential-pest agricultural-entomology economic-entomology integrated-turf-management Barber-1918 Western-Nearctic Central-America North-America United-States Canada California Colorado Kansas 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Boreioglycaspis melaleucae
melaleuca psyllid
Boreioglycaspis melaleucae is a psyllid native to Australia, introduced to Florida in 2002 as a classical biological control agent against the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia. It is a phloem-feeding specialist on Melaleuca quinquenervia and has established self-sustaining populations in South Florida. The species produces waxy secretions from specialized integumentary structures and excretes honeydew. Its population dynamics in Florida are influenced by temperature extremes, with development ceasing below 10°C and above 30°C, and it faces parasitism by the adventive encyrtid wasp Psyllaephagus migrator.
biological-control invasive-species-management phloem-feeder temperature-dependent-development Australia-native Florida-introduced
Bothriocera knulli
Bothriocera knulli is a small planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Caldwell in 1943. It belongs to the tribe Bothriocerini and is found in the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and Texas. Like other cixiids, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with vascular plants. The species epithet honors Joseph Knull, a prominent American coleopterist who described many western North American beetles.
planthopper Cixiidae Hemiptera Arizona Texas Joseph-Knull Caldwell-1943 Bothriocerini phloem-feeder
Braggia
Braggia is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Aphidinae: Aphidini) described by Gillette & Palmer in 1929. Species in this genus are specialized feeders on buckwheat (Eriogonum spp., Polygonaceae) in western North America. The genus includes at least two recently described species: Braggia columbiana from Washington and Oregon, and Braggia longicauda from Washington, Oregon, and northern California. These aphids have been documented with associated parasitoid species, though specific taxa are not detailed in available sources.
aphid Eriogonum buckwheat western-North-America parasitoid-associations phloem-feeder
Cacopsylla
jumping plant lice, pear psyllids
Cacopsylla is a genus of jumping plant lice (family Psyllidae) comprising species that are significant agricultural pests, particularly of fruit trees. The genus includes most psyllids within subfamily Psyllinae that cause economic damage to orchards. Several species act as vectors for phytoplasma-associated diseases including Apple Proliferation, European Stone Fruit Yellows, and Pear Decline. Phylogenetic studies reveal two major clades that diverged in the Miocene, with Clade I predominantly univoltine species that overwinter on conifers. Vector competence has evolved independently rather than through shared ancestry.
agricultural-pest phytoplasma-vector phloem-feeder fruit-tree-pest univoltine conifer-overwintering
Cacopsylla alba
Cacopsylla alba is a species of psyllid, or jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. Like other psyllids, it is a small, phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species was originally described as Psylla alba by Crawford in 1914 before being transferred to the genus Cacopsylla. It belongs to a large genus of psyllids, many of which are associated with specific host plants and some of which are significant agricultural pests.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder western-North-America
Cacopsylla annulata
Cacopsylla annulata is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. First described by Fitch in 1851 as Psylla annulata, it was later transferred to the genus Cacopsylla. Like other psyllids, it is a phloem-feeding hemipteran that uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species has been documented across multiple northeastern and midwestern U.S. states.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha
Cacopsylla fatsiae
Cacopsylla fatsiae is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1957. It belongs to the genus Cacopsylla, which includes numerous phloem-feeding insects associated with woody plants. The species has been recorded in Japan, China (Hong Kong), and California (USA). Like other Cacopsylla species, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations for C. fatsiae remain poorly documented in published literature.
psyllid phloem-feeder Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Cacopsylla Japan China California invasive plant-pest
Cacopsylla magnicauda
Cacopsylla magnicauda is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, within the family Psyllidae. First described by Crawford in 1914, this species belongs to a genus containing numerous plant-feeding insects that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract phloem sap. Like other psyllids, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed ecological studies for this particular species appear limited. The species has been recorded in western North America including Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, and Manitoba.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha western-North-America
Cacopsylla mali
apple leaf sucker, apple psylla, apple sucker
Cacopsylla mali is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, native to Eurasia and introduced to North America. Commonly known as the apple leaf sucker or apple psylla, it is associated with apple (Malus) host plants. The species belongs to the subfamily Psyllinae and is one of several Cacopsylla species involved in apple-associated insect-plant interactions.
psyllid apple-pest agricultural-pest phloem-feeder introduced-species Hemiptera Psyllidae
Cacopsylla nana
Cacopsylla nana is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae, first described by Tuthill in 1938. Like other members of the genus Cacopsylla, it is a phloem-feeding hemipteran that feeds on plant sap. The species is part of a large genus containing many economically important pests, though specific information about C. nana's biology and ecology remains limited. It belongs to the suborder Sternorrhyncha, which includes other sap-feeding insects such as aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha Hemiptera
Cacopsylla negundinis
boxelder psyllid
Cacopsylla negundinis is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. Like other members of its genus, it is a phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap. The species is associated with boxelder (Acer negundo) as a host plant. As with related Cacopsylla species, it likely undergoes a single generation per year with overwintering adults.
psyllid phloem-feeder boxelder-pest single-generation ornamental-pest
Cacopsylla notapennis
Cacopsylla notapennis is a species of psyllid in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1956. As a member of the genus Cacopsylla, it belongs to a group of phloem-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The species is part of the diverse psyllid fauna of the Holarctic region, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
psyllid Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder Hemiptera Psyllidae Cacopsylla jumping-plant-louse
Cacopsylla pyricola
pear sucker, pear psylla
Cacopsylla pyricola is a phloem-feeding true bug in the family Psyllidae and a major economic pest of pear trees (Pyrus communis). Native to Europe, it was introduced to the eastern United States in the early 1800s and has since spread to major pear-growing regions including the Pacific Northwest. The species exhibits distinct seasonal morphotypes: summerforms are pale while winterforms are reddish-brown to black. It is a vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', the causative agent of pear decline disease.
agricultural-pest vector invasive-species phloem-feeder pear-pest phytoplasma-vector
Cacopsylla quadrilineata
Cacopsylla quadrilineata is a psyllid species (family Psyllidae) in the order Hemiptera, originally described by Fitch in 1851. Psyllids in this genus are small plant-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice, which feed on phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. This species belongs to a group of insects whose landscape movements and host associations can be tracked through molecular gut content analysis, a technique that has revealed their use of diverse non-host plants as temporary refuges.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha Hemiptera
Cacopsylla rara
Cacopsylla rara is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. It is a small, phloem-feeding insect within the suborder Sternorrhyncha. The species was described by Tuthill in 1944. Like other psyllids, it feeds by penetrating plant phloem and sucking sap.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha
Cacopsylla sinuata
Cacopsylla sinuata is a species of psyllid, or 'jumping plant louse,' described by Crawford in 1914. Like other members of the genus Cacopsylla, it is a small, phloem-feeding hemipteran with siphon-like mouthparts. The species belongs to the family Psyllidae within the suborder Sternorrhyncha, which includes other sap-sucking insects such as aphids, scales, and whiteflies. Specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder Hemiptera
Cacopsylla tenuata
Cacopsylla tenuata is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species was described by Jensen in 1951. Very little specific information is available about its biology or ecology.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder
Calaphidini
Calaphidini is a tribe of aphids in the subfamily Calaphidinae, family Aphididae. The tribe comprises approximately 18 genera divided into two subtribes: Calaphidina and Monaphidina. Members are phloem-feeding insects associated primarily with woody host plants, particularly in the families Betulaceae and Salicaceae. The tribe was established by Oestlund in 1919 and is widely distributed across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
aphid Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder forest-insect Betulaceae Salicaceae temperate holocyclic
Calaphis
Dark-veined Birch Aphids
Calaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Benjamin Dann Walsh in 1862. Members are commonly known as Dark-veined Birch Aphids. The genus occurs in Eurasia and North America, with species associated primarily with birch (Betula) hosts. At least three species are recognized, including C. betulicola, C. flava, and C. manitobensis.
aphid birch Calaphidinae phloem-feeder
Calaphis flava
Yellow Dark-veined Birch Aphid
Calaphis flava is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Mordvilko in 1928. It is commonly known as the Yellow Dark-veined Birch Aphid. The species has been recorded in parts of Europe including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and the Azores (São Miguel). As a member of the genus Calaphis, it is associated with birch (Betula) host plants, though specific host records for this species are limited in the available sources.
aphid birch Hemiptera phloem-feeder Europe Sternorrhyncha
Caliscelis
Caliscelis is a genus of planthoppers in the family Caliscelidae, established by Laporte in 1833. These insects belong to the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group of true bugs known for their distinctive head morphology and jumping hind legs. The genus is part of the tribe Caliscelini within the subfamily Caliscelinae. Members of this genus are found primarily in the Palearctic region, with documented observations across Europe and parts of Asia.
grassland Palearctic planthopper Fulgoromorpha phloem-feeder Caliscelidae
Calophya
jumping plant lice
Calophya is the type genus of the psyllid family Calophyidae, containing at least 69 described species. Members are gall-forming psyllids that feed on phloem and induce galls on host plants, primarily in the family Anacardiaceae. Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for invasive plants, particularly Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia). The genus shows high host specificity, with most species completing development only on specific host plants.
psyllid gall-forming biological-control Anacardiaceae phloem-feeder
Calophyidae
Calophyidae is a family of jumping plant lice (psyllids) within the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera). Members of this family are phloem-feeding insects that induce galls on host plants, with several species studied as classical biological control agents for invasive weeds. The family contains four recognized subfamilies: Atmetocraniinae, Calophyinae, Metapsyllinae, and Symphorosinae. Notable genera include Calophya, which contains multiple species associated with Schinus species (Anacardiaceae).
psyllid jumping-plant-louse gall-inducer biological-control phloem-feeder Sternorrhyncha
Carynota marmorata
marbled treehopper
Carynota marmorata, commonly known as the marbled treehopper, is a Nearctic treehopper species first described by Thomas Say in 1830. It is characterized by a moderately elevated, rounded pronotum with distinctive mottled coloration. The species feeds on multiple tree genera including alder, birch, hazelnut, cottonwood, and oak. It occurs in the midwestern and eastern United States and eastern Canada.
treehopper Nearctic phloem-feeder polyphagous
Cedusa
Cedusa is a large genus of derbid planthoppers comprising over 170 described species. The genus exhibits broad geographic distribution with approximately 114 species in the Americas and additional species in Africa (though some African species may belong to the genus Malenia). Species occupy diverse habitats ranging from palm leaf axils to agricultural systems, with documented associations including Sabal palmetto palms and grapevines.
planthopper Derbidae phloem-feeder palm-associate agricultural-pest
Cedusa vulgaris
blue Derbid planthopper
Cedusa vulgaris is a planthopper in the family Derbidae, commonly known as the blue Derbid planthopper. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species is native to North America but has been recently documented as an emerging pest in Indian grape vineyards since May 2024. Adults feed on phloem sap of grape plants through piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species belongs to a group of planthoppers often characterized by distinctive coloration and association with woody host plants.
Derbidae planthopper Hemiptera grape-pest invasive-pest India North-America phloem-feeder agricultural-pest emerging-pest
Centrodontini
Centrodontini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Centrotinae, family Membracidae, established by Deitz in 1975. Members of this tribe are characterized by distinctive pronotal morphology and are part of the diverse membracid fauna. The tribe contains multiple genera distributed primarily in the Old World tropics. Treehoppers in this group are associated with woody host plants and exhibit the enlarged pronotum typical of the family.
treehopper Membracidae Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera tropical-insects phloem-feeder Deitz-1975
Centrotinae
Centrotinae is the largest subfamily of treehoppers (Membracidae) and the only subfamily with a worldwide distribution. It comprises approximately 1,350 species in 216 genera. The subfamily is characterized by morphological features including a posterior pronotal process that typically does not conceal the scutellum, and forewings with a truncated clavus and broad apical limbus. Centrotinae is considered the most primitive membracid subfamily based on fossil evidence and biogeographic patterns.
treehoppers Membracidae worldwide-distribution ant-mutualism maternal-care phloem-feeder
Ceroplastes rusci
Fig Wax Scale
Ceroplastes rusci, commonly known as the fig wax scale, is a soft scale insect (family Coccidae) native to the Mediterranean region. First discovered in Florida in 1994-1995, it has since spread to numerous countries across six continents and is recognized as a significant agricultural and forestry pest. The species feeds on more than 94 genera from 52 plant families, with notable impacts on figs, citrus, grapes, and ornamental plants. Climate change modeling predicts expanding suitable habitat ranges through 2100, increasing its invasive potential in temperate regions.
scale-insect agricultural-pest invasive-species phloem-feeder parthenogenetic virus-vector climate-change fig-pest citrus-pest grape-pest ornamental-pest honeydew-producer sooty-mold soft-scale Coccidae
Chaitophorinae
Chaitophorinae is a subfamily of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising approximately 12 genera and over 180 described species. The subfamily is divided into two tribes: Chaitophorini, associated with deciduous trees and shrubs, and Siphini, associated with grasses. Members are characterized by numerous body setae and are predominantly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The subfamily originated on Acer plants in eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene, with subsequent dispersals and host shifts driving diversification.
aphid phloem-feeder plant-pest polymorphic Northern-Hemisphere host-specific
Chaitophorini
Chaitophorini is a tribe of aphids in the subfamily Chaitophorinae, established by Mordvilko in 1909. Members are generally associated with woody host plants, particularly in the families Salicaceae and Aceraceae. The tribe includes several genera, with Chaitophorus being the most diverse and well-known. These aphids are characterized by specific morphological features of the antennae and siphunculi that distinguish them from other aphid tribes.
aphid Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder tree-dwelling Holarctic
Chaitophorus
Poplar aphids, Willow aphids
Chaitophorus is a genus of aphids comprising approximately 90–110 species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Members are primarily associated with Salicaceae hosts, particularly Populus (poplars) and Salix (willows), though some species occur on Vitaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. The genus exhibits host-specificity, with species-level identification often requiring knowledge of the host plant due to subtle morphological differences. Multiple independent origins of ant mutualism have been documented within the genus.
aphid phloem-feeder ant-mutualism poplar-pest host-specific Salicaceae viviparous parthenogenesis camouflage dimorphism
Chaitophorus nudus
Chaitophorus nudus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Richards in 1966. It belongs to the genus Chaitophorus, a group of aphids commonly associated with woody plants in the family Salicaceae, particularly willows and poplars. As with other members of its genus, this species is likely a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plants. The species name 'nudus' (Latin for 'naked' or 'bare') may refer to morphological characteristics of the cuticle or reduced wax secretion.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Chaitophorus willow-aphid poplar-aphid phloem-feeder plant-pest
Chaitophorus viminicola
Chaitophorus viminicola is an aphid species in the subfamily Chaitophorinae, first described by Hille Ris Lambers in 1960. The specific epithet 'viminicola' refers to its association with willows (Salix viminalis and related species). It belongs to a genus specialized on Salicaceae, with most Chaitophorus species feeding on poplars and willows. Records indicate presence in the conterminous United States, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
aphid willow Salicaceae phloem-feeder Hemiptera
Chrysomphalus aonidum
Florida red scale, Egyptian black scale, circular black scale, citrus black scale
Chrysomphalus aonidum is an armored scale insect (Diaspididae) and a significant pest of citrus and other fruit trees. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions but has established populations across six continents. The species forms a hard, protective scale cover over its body while feeding on plant phloem. Population densities can reach economically damaging levels in citrus orchards, with infestations recorded on leaves and fruit. The species is subject to biological control by parasitoid wasps and predatory beetles.
armored-scale citrus-pest Diaspididae biological-control invasive-species phloem-feeder
Cinara fornacula
Large Green Spruce Aphid
Cinara fornacula is a large aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Large Green Spruce Aphid. Like other members of the genus Cinara, it is associated with coniferous host plants, specifically spruce (Picea spp.). The species was described by Hottes in 1930. As with many Cinara aphids, it likely feeds on phloem sap and produces honeydew, though specific ecological studies on this species appear limited.
aphid conifer-pest Cinara Hemiptera phloem-feeder
Cinara hottesi
Blue-black Spruce Aphid
Cinara hottesi is a species of conifer-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Blue-black Spruce Aphid. It belongs to the genus Cinara, which comprises large aphids specialized on conifers. The species is documented as a pest of spruce trees (Picea spp.) and has been recorded from North America.
aphid conifer-pest phloem-feeder honeydew-producer North-America