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Eilica bicolor
Eilica bicolor is a species of ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1896. The species has a broad geographic range spanning from the United States through Central America to the Caribbean. Like other gnaphosids, it is a nocturnal hunting spider that does not build webs to capture prey. The specific epithet "bicolor" likely refers to a two-toned color pattern, though detailed morphological descriptions are sparse in the literature.
Arachnida Araneae Gnaphosidae ground-spider Nearctic Neotropical
Eiphosoma
Eiphosoma is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cremastinae, established by Cresson in 1865. Species in this genus are larval endoparasitoids primarily associated with noctuid moth larvae, particularly the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for agricultural pests, with E. vitticolle and E. laphygmae receiving particular attention for their potential in integrated pest management. The genus exhibits a New World distribution centered in the Neotropics, with documented species from Cuba, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Costa Rica.
ichneumonid parasitoid biological-control Spodoptera-frugiperda fall-armyworm Cremastinae endoparasitoid integrated-pest-management Neotropical
Elaphidiini
Elaphidiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) within the subfamily Cerambycinae. The tribe has historically been spelled "Elaphidionini" in some literature. It contains numerous genera distributed across the Americas, with particularly high diversity in the Neotropical region. Recent taxonomic work has described new species from Colombia, Mexico, and the Caribbean, including Sphaerion costae, Mephritus costae, Eurysthea nogueirai, and Eurysthea nakagomei. The genus Elaphidion occurs in the Puerto Rican Bank and Antigua, with known host plant associations and described larval biology for some species.
Cerambycidae Cerambycinae longhorn-beetles Neotropical Caribbean wood-boring-beetles new-species taxonomy fermenting-bait-attraction flower-visitation
Elaphidion
Elaphidion is a genus of longhorned beetles (family Cerambycidae) in the tribe Elaphidiini. Species in this genus are primarily Neotropical and Nearctic in distribution, with significant diversity in the Caribbean region including Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Antigua. Several species have been described in recent taxonomic revisions, including E. michelii, E. mayesae, and E. antiguensis. Some species are attracted to fermenting baits and have been documented in bait trap studies.
Cerambycidae Elaphidiini longhorned-beetles Neotropical Caribbean fermenting-bait-attraction
Electrostrymon guzanta
Electrostrymon guzanta is a neotropical hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species occurs in Central and northern South America, where adults inhabit forested environments. Like other members of the genus, it exhibits the characteristic tail-like hindwing extensions typical of hairstreaks. The species was originally described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1877 under the genus Thecla.
Lycaenidae Theclinae Neotropical hairstreak Central-America South-America forest-butterfly
Ellipteroides slossonae
Ellipteroides slossonae is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, described by Alexander in 1914. It belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive wing venation patterns. The species occurs across a broad range in North and Central America, with records extending from the central United States through Mexico to Panama and Jamaica.
crane-fly Limoniidae Nearctic Neotropical Alexander-1914
Elmohardyia
Elmohardyia is a genus of big-headed flies in the family Pipunculidae, established by Rafael in 1987. The genus contains approximately 60 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with most species described from Brazil. Species within this genus are characterized by distinctive morphological features of the male genitalia, which form the basis for species-level identification. The genus was named in honor of the dipterist D. Elmo Hardy, who contributed extensively to the taxonomy of Pipunculidae.
Pipunculidae Tomosvaryellini Neotropical endoparasitoid big-headed-flies Rafael-1987 Elmo-Hardy
Elmohardyia atlantica-complex
Elmohardyia atlantica-complex is a species complex within the long-legged fly family Dolichopodidae. The group comprises morphologically similar species that have not been fully resolved taxonomically, likely due to cryptic diversity and insufficient sampling. Members are small to medium predatory flies associated with forested habitats. The complex is part of a Neotropical genus with limited published ecological or behavioral documentation.
Dolichopodidae Neotropical Atlantic-Forest cryptic-species undescribed-species predatory-fly taxonomic-complex
Elope sphinx
Alope sphinx
Erinnyis alope is a sphinx moth (Sphingidae) distributed across the Neotropics from northern South America through Central America to northern Mexico and the southern United States. The species has been recorded as a stray as far north as Arkansas and Kansas. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate E. a. alope and E. a. dispersa endemic to the Galápagos Islands. The species is considered an agricultural pest, with larvae feeding principally on pawpaw (Carica papaya), and also recorded on rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and cassava (Manihot esculenta).
Sphingidae Macroglossinae Dilophonotini Neotropical agricultural-pest pawpaw-pest Carica-papaya cassava rubber Galápagos-endemic-subspecies
Elousa
Elousa is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Francis Walker in 1858. The genus was historically classified within Noctuidae before being reassigned to Erebidae. It contains three currently recognized species: E. albicans, E. psegmapteryx, and E. schausi. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with several former species reclassified.
moth Erebidae Noctuoidea Neotropical
Elymiotis
Elymiotis is a genus of moths in the family Notodontidae, subfamily Nystaleinae. The genus was established by Francis Walker in 1857 and contains two described species: E. notodontoides and E. tlotzin. Members of this genus are found in the Neotropical region. As part of the prominent moth family Notodontidae, these moths are characterized by their distinctive resting posture and often cryptic coloration.
Notodontidae Nystaleinae Neotropical moth Walker-1857
Elytrimitatrix
Elytrimitatrix is a genus of disteniid beetles established by Santos-Silva & Hovore in 2007, previously treated as part of the genus Distenia. The genus contains approximately 50 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with one species, E. undata, occurring broadly across eastern and central North America. The group has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with many species described since 2007. Adults are attracted to fermenting baits and ultraviolet light, and larvae develop in dead wood of various hardwoods and pine.
Coleoptera Disteniidae Cerambycidae longhorned-beetles wood-boring-beetles Neotropical fermenting-bait-attraction nocturnal forest-insects decomposers
Enallagma novaehispaniae
Neotropical Bluet
Enallagma novaehispaniae, the Neotropical Bluet, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is distributed across Central America, North America, and South America. The species has been assessed by IUCN as Least Concern with a stable population, most recently reviewed in 2017.
damselfly neotropical odonata least-concern
Enchenopa on-carya
Hemiptera Membracidae treehopper Enchenopa Neotropical undescribed nomen-nudum nomen-dubium
Enchenopa sericea
Enchenopa sericea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Walker in 1851. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related Hemiptera. The species epithet 'sericea' (silky) likely refers to surface texture or sheen. Distribution records indicate presence in Central and South America including Panama (Chiriquí, Colón), Colombia (Córdoba), Mexico (Guerrero), and Brazil (Minas Gerais). As with most Neotropical Enchenopa species, detailed biological information remains limited due to incomplete taxonomic study of tropical Membracidae.
treehopper Membracidae Neotropical Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Walker-1851 Enchenopa Central-America South-America incomplete-taxonomy
Engytatus modestus
tomato bug
Engytatus modestus, commonly known as the tomato bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species is associated with tomato plants and other solanaceous crops, where it feeds on plant sap. As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it represents one of many plant bugs that interact with agricultural systems in tropical and subtropical regions.
Miridae plant-bug tomato agricultural-pest Neotropical Nearctic
Enigmogramma
Enigmogramma is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Plusiinae, tribe Argyrogrammatini. The genus was established by Lafontaine and Poole in 1991 and contains six described species distributed across the Americas. Members of this genus are part of the diverse owlet moth fauna, though specific ecological and biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
moths Noctuidae Plusiinae Argyrogrammatini Neotropical Lepidoptera
Enneboeus
cryptic fungus beetles
Enneboeus is a genus of small beetles in the family Archeocrypticidae, commonly called cryptic fungus beetles. The genus contains at least two described species: Enneboeus caseyi and Enneboeus marmoratus. It is restricted to the Neotropical region, with records from Colombia. The family Archeocrypticidae is a small, poorly studied group with limited ecological data available.
cryptic-fungus-beetle Neotropical Archeocrypticidae Coleoptera fungus-associated-beetle
Entedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
parasitoid biological-control gall-associated leafminer-parasitoid Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera Eulophidae Entedoninae tropical-forest agricultural-pest-control sawfly-parasitoid thrips-parasitoid ant-associated rice-pest Cecidomyiidae Tenthredinidae Pontania Closterocerus Ceranisus Afronympha Ametallon Chrysonotomyia Omphale-genus-group canopy understorey ecological-plasticity Bangladesh Panama Africa New-Zealand Europe Senegal South-Africa Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo Uganda endoparasitoid larval-parasitoid egg-parasitoid host-specificity forest-habitat degraded-habitat mid-altitude-rainforest lowland-rainforest tropical-America classical-biological-control augmentative-biological-control integrated-pest-management rice-hispa Dicladispa-armigera gall-wasp sawfly-gall leafminer ant-symbiosis Formicidae Khaya-senegalensis Ochna-pulchra morphological-taxonomy molecular-taxonomy 28S-rDNA COI CytB new-species-description generic-revision host-range parasitoid-complex food-web ecosystem-service natural-enemy pest-management entomophagous hyperparasitoid inquiline curculionid Apion-minimum Phyllocolpa-leucosticta Chrysocharis Entedon Asecodes Pleurotroppopsis Afrotroppopsis Zaommomentedon Apleurotropis Kratoysma Platocharis Schizocharis Parahorismenus Atullya Tropicharis Chrysochuris cruy mirabilis oryzamyntor eminpashai carinatum dussiae longicaudata machaeriae unimaculata claviger gorgonaense auripunctata galbina laeviscuta phenacapsia cecvora elongata pontaniae heyeri risbeci milletiae newbyi Förster-1856 Chalcidoidea-phylogeny biodiversity species-richness cryptic-species molecular-diagnostics host-plant-association habitat-specificity canopy-fauna understorey-fauna forest-stratification tropical-biodiversity Afrotropical Neotropical Palaearctic Nearctic Oriental Australasian Pacific Holarctic biogeography taxonomic-revision annotated-key catalogue type-specimen museum-collection slide-mounted-specimens morphometrics genitalia wing-venation antennae clypeus mandibles malar-space scape pedicel flagellum gaster vertex suture color-pattern pale-femora dark-gaster sexual-dimorphism male female ovipositor emergence rearing quarantine field-collection foreign-exploration augmentative-release pesticide-resistance sustainable-agriculture food-security rice-production cereal-pest vegetable-pest fruit-pest ornamental-pest forest-pest urban-pest invasive-species native-range introduced-range establishment spread impact non-target-effects host-specificity risk-assessment environmental-safety regulatory-approval research-symposium proceedings peer-reviewed Zootaxa ZooKeys Insect-Systematics-&-Evolution Australian-Journal-of-Entomology Far-Eastern-Entomologist Russian-Entomological-Journal Belgian-Journal-of-Entomology Florida-Entomologist Pan-Pacific-Entomologist Entomological-News Proceedings-of-the-Hawaiian-Entomological-Society Transactions-of-the-American-Entomological-Society Journal-of-Natural-History Zoological-Journal-of-the-Linnean-Society BioControl Journal-of-Economic-Entomology Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata Environmental-Entomology Oecologia Cladistics Molecular-Phylogenetics-and-Evolution Heredity Canadian-Entomologist Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Bulletin-of-Entomological-Research Neotropical-Entomology Journal-of-Asia-Pacific-Entomology Turkish-Journal-of-Zoology Polish-Journal-of-Entomology North-Western-Journal-of-Zoology Entomologica-Americana Entomologische-Berichten Sahlbergia Dugesiana Acta-Zoologica-Lilloana Folia-Entomologica-Mexicana Revista-de-la-Sociedad-Entomologica-Argentina Boletin-de-la-Asociacion-Espanola-de-Entomologia Entomologicheskoe-Obozrenie Entomological-Review Zoological-Institute-RAS Proceedings-of-the-Zoological-Institute-of-the-Russian-Academy-of-Sciences Taiwan-Agricultural-Research-Institute Council-of-Agriculture University-of-California Riverside 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sustainable-intensification agroecology conservation-biological-control habitat-management floral-resources refuge buffer-zone landscape-complexity connectivity spillover natural-enemy-diversity food-web-structure trophic-interactions multitrophic indirect-effects trait-mediated density-dependent inverse-density-dependent functional-response numerical-response searching-efficiency handling-time oviposition-behavior host-selection host-acceptance host-suitability host-quality host-stage-preference egg-load progeny-allocation sex-ratio local-mate-competition sib-mating inbreeding fitness longevity fecundity development-time thermal-requirements degree-days phenology synchrony asynchrony seasonal-adaptation diapause quiescence cold-hardiness heat-tolerance desiccation-resistance starvation-resistance dispersal flight walking foraging patch-use area-restricted-search oviposition-marking host-marking superparasitism multiparasitism intraguild-predation hyperparasitism autoparasitism heteronomous-hyperparasitism facultative-hyperparasitism obligate-hyperparasitism primary-parasitoid secondary-parasitoid tertiary-parasitoid mummy aphid-mummy scale-mummy pupal-parasitoid egg-larval-parasitoid larval-pupal-parasitoid idiobiont koinobiont ectoparasitoid solitary gregarious polyembryony thelytoky arrhenotoky diploid haplodiploid chromosome-number genome-size transcriptome proteome metabolome morphome phenome extended-phenotype niche-construction ecosystem-engineering keystone-species ecosystem-service-provider functional-group guild trophic-level energy-flow nutrient-cycling decomposition predation herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism competition apparent-competition exploitative-competition interference-competition scramble-competition contest-competition resource-partitioning niche-differentiation character-displacement co-evolution arms-race Red-Queen geographic-mosaic local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity genetic-adaptation epigenetics transgenerational-effects maternal-effects paternal-effects parental-care mating-system sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice mate-choice lek territory aggression alarm defense venom allomone kairomone synomone semiochemical pheromone trail-pheromone alarm-pheromone aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone marking-pheromone oviposition-deterrent host-marking-pheromone plant-volatile induced-plant-defense systemic-acquired-resistance induced-systemic-resistance priming volatile-organic-compound green-leaf-volatile terpenoid phenylpropanoid jasmonic-acid salicylic-acid ethylene abscisic-acid gibberellin auxin cytokinin brassinosteroid strigolactone nitric-oxide reactive-oxygen-species hypersensitive-response programmed-cell-death autophagy apoptosis necrosis pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern damage-associated-molecular-pattern pattern-recognition-receptor effector-triggered-immunity gene-for-gene avirulence virulence effector toxin phytotoxin mycotoxin bacterial-toxin viral-toxin insecticidal-protein cry-protein vip-protein cyt-protein spore conidium appressorium haustorium mycelium sclerotium fruiting-body basidiocarp ascocarp perithecium cleistothecium pycnidium acervulus sporodochium symptom sign disease-triangle disease-cycle epidemic endemic pandemic outbreak eradication containment management control prevention forecasting warning-system decision-support-system expert-system model simulation economic-threshold economic-injury-level action-threshold treatment-threshold damage-threshold aesthetic-injury-level cultural-control physical-control mechanical-control chemical-control genetic-control sterile-insect-technique incompatible-insect-technique precision-agriculture site-specific-management variable-rate-application remote-sensing geographic-information-system global-positioning-system unmanned-aerial-vehicle drone sensor imaging spectroscopy machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-analysis pattern-recognition classification segmentation detection tracking counting sampling sampling-plan sequential-sampling binomial-sampling presence-absence-sampling fixed-precision-sampling variable-precision-sampling spatial-sampling temporal-sampling stratified-sampling cluster-sampling systematic-sampling random-sampling convenience-sampling judgment-sampling expert-sampling quota-sampling snowball-sampling respondent-driven-sampling capture-recapture mark-recapture mark-resight distance-sampling line-transect point-transect strip-transect plot quadrat pitfall-trap Malaise-trap pan-trap water-pan yellow-pan blue-pan white-pan flight-interception-trap window-trap canopy-fogging beating-tray sweep-net aerial-net ground-net aquatic-net D-vac vacuum-sampler aspirator mouth-aspirator mechanical-aspirator berlese-funnel Tullgren-funnel Winkler-extractor pitfall barber-trap pitfall-array drift-fence funnel-trap light-trap UV-light black-light mercury-vapor sodium-vapor LED actinic color-trap sticky-trap pheromone-trap synthetic-pheromone natural-pheromone kairomone-trap food-bait protein-bait sugar-bait fermentation-bait alcohol-bait vinegar-bait molasses-bait fruit-bait meat-bait fish-bait dung-bait carrion-bait decoy lure attractant repellent deterrent antifeedant oviposition-stimulant arrestant suppressant toxicant stomach-poison contact-poison fumigant systemic translaminar residual persistent non-persistent broad-spectrum narrow-spectrum selective non-selective target-specific host-specific mode-of-action nerve-poison acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor GABA-antagonist sodium-channel-modulator nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-agonist ryanodine-receptor-modulator chitin-synthesis-inhibitor juvenile-hormone-mimic ecdysone-agonist microbial-pesticide entomopathogenic-nematode entomopathogenic-fungus entomopathogenic-bacterium entomopathogenic-virus entomopathogenic-protozoa Bacillus-thuringiensis Bt Bacillus-sphaericus Paenibacillus-popilliae Serratia-entomophila Metarhizium-anisopliae Beauveria-bassiana Lecanicillium-lecanii Isaria-fumosorosea Nomuraea-rileyi Hirsutella-thompsonii Entomophthora Neozygites Nosema Vairimorpha Thelohania Anticarsia-gemmatalis-nucleopolyhedrovirus AgMNPV Cydia-pomonella-granulovirus CpGV Spodoptera-exigua-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus SeMNPV Autographa-californica-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus AcMNPV nucleopolyhedrovirus granulovirus cypovirus entomopoxvirus iridovirus parvovirus tetravirus nodavirus reovirus picornavirus iflavirus densovirus birnavirus totivirus partitivirus hypovirulence mycovirus bacteriophage phage transduction conjugation transformation horizontal-gene-transfer vertical-gene-transfer mobile-genetic-element transposon plasmid integron genomic-island pathogenicity-island symbiosis-island metabolic-island resistance-island virulence-factor antibiotic-resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance herbicide-resistance fungicide-resistance bactericide-resistance nematicide-resistance molluscicide-resistance rodenticide-resistance resistance-management resistance-monitoring resistance-detection resistance-diagnosis resistance-mechanism metabolic-resistance target-site-resistance penetration-resistance behavioral-resistance cross-resistance multiple-resistance negative-cross-resistance synergism antagonism potentiation safener adjuvant surfactant spreader sticker extender buffer acidifier defoamer drift-retardant rainfastness UV-protectant formulation emulsifiable-concentrate wettable-powder water-dispersible-granule suspension-concentrate capsule-suspension microencapsulation nanotechnology controlled-release slow-release attract-and-kill sterile-insect-release inundative-release inoculative-release conservation augmentation classical neoclassical new-association targeted area-wide suppression protection production integrated-crop-management integrated-production organic-farming biodynamic-farming permaculture agroforestry silvopasture climate-smart-agriculture 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carbon-neutral carbon-negative net-zero climate-adaptation climate-mitigation climate-resilience vulnerability exposure sensitivity adaptive-capacity transition pathway scenario projection forecast prediction uncertainty risk hazard damage loss adaptation mitigation resilience sustainability sustainable-development sustainable-development-goals SDG Agenda-2030 Paris-Agreement Convention-on-Biological-Diversity CBD Nagoya-Protocol Cartagena-Protocol Aichi-Targets Kunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework post-2020-biodiversity-framework One-Health Planetary-Health EcoHealth One-Welfare One-World One-Future interdisciplinary transdisciplinary multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary intersectoral multistakeholder partnership collaboration cooperation network platform hub center-of-excellence capacity-development institutional-strengthening policy-support science-policy-interface evidence-based-policy science-diplomacy technology-transfer knowledge-transfer knowledge-exchange 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plasticity evolvability innovability transformability sustainability-science resilience-science complexity-science systems-science network-science data-science information-science computer-science cognitive-science behavioral-science social-science natural-science life-science earth-science environmental-science agricultural-science veterinary-science medical-science health-science nutrition-science food-science material-science engineering-science interdisciplinary-science transdisciplinary-science convergence-science team-science responsible-science ethical-science inclusive-science decolonized-science feminist-science indigenous-science traditional-knowledge local-knowledge expert-knowledge lay-knowledge tacit-knowledge codified-knowledge explicit-knowledge implicit-knowledge procedural-knowledge declarative-knowledge epistemic-knowledge ontological-knowledge practical-knowledge theoretical-knowledge scientific-knowledge indigenous-knowledge traditional-ecological-knowledge TEK 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Enyo lugubris
Mournful Sphinx
Enyo lugubris, commonly known as the mournful sphinx, is a sphingid moth with a broad Neotropical and Nearctic distribution. Adults are medium-sized with a wingspan of 50–60 mm and are active year-round in tropical regions, with seasonal activity further north. The species exhibits two subspecies: the nominate form across most of its range, and E. l. delanoi restricted to the Galápagos Islands. Larval development occurs on various Vitaceae species.
Sphingidae Macroglossinae Dilophonotini hawk-moth sphinx-moth Neotropical Nearctic Vitaceae-feeder
Enyo ocypete
Swift-winged Sphinx
Enyo ocypete is a moth in the family Sphingidae, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It ranges from the southern United States through Central America to northern Argentina. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 60 mm. The species exhibits year-round activity in tropical regions and southern Florida, with more restricted flight periods farther north.
Sphingidae hawk-moth swift-winged-sphinx Neotropical Linnaeus-1758
Epargyreus
Silverdrops, Flasher butterflies
Epargyreus is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, commonly known as silverdrops or flasher butterflies. The genus name derives from Greek argyros meaning 'silver,' referring to the characteristic white spot on the ventral hindwing. Species occur across the Nearctic and Neotropical realms, with the best-known species being Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper), which ranges from southern Canada through the United States to South America. Larvae construct distinctive leaf shelters using silk and are known for 'frass-shooting' behavior—expelling excrement up to 40 times their body length away from their shelters.
skipper butterfly Lepidoptera silver-spotted leaf-shelter frass-shooting diapause Fabaceae legume-feeder Nearctic Neotropical
Ephydrini
Ephydrini is a tribe of shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) comprising nine genera and 33 species in the Neotropical region. The tribe includes both temperate Northern Hemisphere genera (Setacera, Cirrula, Dimecoenia, Paracoenia, Ephydra) and exclusively Neotropical genera (Austrocoenia, Notiocoenia, Paraephydra, Neoephydra). Species-level identification relies heavily on male terminalia characters due to morphological similarity among species.
shore-flies Neotropical taxonomic-revision male-terminalia new-genera new-species
Ephyrodes
Ephyrodes is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. The genus was established by Achille Guenée in 1852 and was previously classified in Noctuidae. Species occur from the southern United States through Central America and into South America, with records from the Caribbean. The genus contains seven described species.
Erebidae Calpinae Neotropical Guenée-1852 formerly-Noctuidae
Ephyrodes cacata
Ephyrodes cacata is a species of moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1852. The species is recorded from North America, with additional distribution records from the Brazilian state of Pará. It belongs to a genus of relatively understudied moths within the diverse owlet moth family.
moth Erebidae Calpinae North-America Neotropical
Epidromia
Epidromia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1852 and contains approximately 11 described species. Species within this genus are distributed across the Neotropical region. The genus is characterized by its placement within the diverse Erebidae family, which encompasses a wide range of moth forms and ecological strategies.
Erebidae Calpinae Neotropical Guenée-1852 moths
Epidromia pannosa
Epidromia pannosa is a moth species in the family Erebidae (formerly placed in Noctuidae), described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It occurs across a broad Neotropical range from the southern United States through Central America and the Caribbean to Brazil. The larvae are documented feeders on Psidium species, including the common guava (Psidium guajava).
Neotropical guava-pest fruit-feeding-moth
Epilampra
Epilampra is a genus of cockroaches in the family Blaberidae, first described by Burmeister in 1838. The genus contains more than 70 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Epilampra species are classified within the subfamily Epilamprinae and tribe Epilamprini. These cockroaches are part of the diverse Blaberidae family, which includes many of the larger cockroach species.
cockroach Blaberidae Neotropical decomposer forest-dwelling
Epimetopus
hooded shore beetles
Epimetopus is a New World genus of semiaquatic beetles commonly known as hooded shore beetles, comprising 56 species ranging from Argentina to Arizona and Arkansas. The genus was revised in 2012, with 36 new species described and new collection records provided for 15 previously described species. Species diversity is concentrated in South America (37 species) and areas north of South America (17 species), with only two species known from both regions. The genus is absent from the Amazon basin and is divided into seven species groups based on morphological characters.
Coleoptera Epimetopidae semiaquatic Neotropical Nearctic pronotal-hood
Epimetopus thermarum
Epimetopus thermarum is a water beetle in the family Epimetopidae, described by Schwarz and Barber in 1918. It is one of approximately 60 described species in the genus Epimetopus, which are specialized aquatic beetles found in the Americas. The species name "thermarum" (Latin for "of warm springs") suggests an association with thermal or warm-water habitats. Members of this genus are known for their distinctive morphology adapted to aquatic environments.
water-beetle aquatic-beetle warm-springs Nearctic Neotropical
Epiphelini
Epiphelini is a tribe of butterflies within the subfamily Biblidinae (Nymphalidae). Members of this tribe are Neotropical in distribution and are characterized by their medium to large size and often striking wing patterns. The tribe includes genera such as Epiphile and Catonephele, commonly known as the 'fire-winged' or 'banner' butterflies. These butterflies are primarily forest-dwelling and are often encountered along forest edges and streams.
Neotropical frugivorous forest-dwelling sexual-dimorphism mud-puddling
Epiphile
banners
Epiphile is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as banners. The genus comprises approximately 19 described species. Members are distributed in the Neotropical region. The common name "banners" refers to distinctive wing patterns or shapes characteristic of this group.
Neotropical banner-butterflies Nymphalidae Doubleday-1849
Epiplatea
Epiplatea is a genus of Neotropical flies in the family Richardiidae (subfamily Epiplateinae). The genus has been documented in association with decomposing animal carcasses, including domestic pig carcasses in Amazonas State, Brazil. Records suggest potential use in forensic entomology contexts. The genus contains multiple species distributed across the Neotropical region.
forensic-entomology decomposer carrion-associated Neotropical Amazonas Brazil
Epipompilus aztecus
Epipompilus aztecus is a Neotropical spider wasp in the subfamily Ctenocerinae. It is naturally rare with low capture frequency despite extensive sampling effort. The species has been recorded using Malaise traps and Möerick traps (yellow and red). Its known distribution has expanded considerably in recent years through new records in South America and the United States.
spider-wasp Ctenocerinae Neotropical rare-species range-expansion
Epipsocus
Epipsocus is a genus of barklice in the family Epipsocidae, characterized by broad, rounded wings with distinctive venation patterns. Members of this genus are small, soft-bodied insects found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. The genus was established by Hermann Hagen in 1866 and remains taxonomically stable.
barklice psocids Neotropical forest-insects decomposers
Episcepsis
Episcepsis is a genus of tiger moths within the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was established by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. Species in this genus are part of the diverse tiger moth radiation in the Neotropical region.
tiger-moth Arctiinae Neotropical Lepidoptera
Episimus
Episimus is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Walsingham in 1892. The genus contains approximately 40 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with some species ranging into North America. At least one species, E. unguiculus (syn. E. utilis), has been extensively studied as a candidate biological control agent for the invasive Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida. The genus was taxonomically revised in 2008, with twelve new species described from the Neotropics and the synonymization of Episimoides.
Tortricidae Olethreutinae Neotropical biological-control Brazilian-peppertree Schinus-terebinthifolius invasive-species-management
Episimus augmentana
Episimus augmentana is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, first described by Zeller in 1877. It belongs to a genus whose members are primarily Neotropical in distribution. The species is documented in taxonomic databases but remains poorly studied in terms of natural history.
Neotropical Olethreutinae Zeller-1877
Episimus transferrana
Episimus transferrana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Francis Walker in 1863. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae, a group known for including many internal-feeding larvae. The species has been recorded from the Galápagos Islands and the Brazilian state of Amazonas (BR-AM). Records remain sparse, with limited biological data available.
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Olethreutinae Galápagos Neotropical Walker-1863
Epomidiopteron julii
A species of wasp in the family Tiphiidae. This species has been documented in multiple Brazilian states, with 42 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Members of Tiphiidae are generally solitary wasps, and many are parasitoids of scarab beetle larvae.
solitary-wasp parasitoid neotropical brazil tiphiidae hymenoptera insecta arthropoda animalia
Eprhopalotus
Eprhopalotus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, first described by Girault in 1916. The genus comprises five described species, all named by Hansson in 2004 except for the type species E. purpureithorax. These wasps occur from Costa Rica and Mexico north to Texas. The synonym Aabacharis has been applied specifically to E. hansoni, resulting in dual nomenclature for that species.
parasitoid Chalcidoidea Nearctic Neotropical
Erginulus
Erginulus is a genus of harvestmen in the family Cosmetidae, described by Roewer in 1912 with the type species Erginus serratipes. The genus comprises 29 described species distributed primarily in eastern Mexico and northern Central America, with a few outlying records. Species are medium to large-sized cosmetid harvestmen, with Erginulus clavotibialis in Belize reaching 6–7.5 mm adult body length. Males exhibit sexual dimorphism with two distinct morphotypes (α and β males), characterized by enlarged chelicerae and armed leg IV with protuberances or spines; females have smaller chelicerae and unarmed legs.
harvestman cosmetidae neotropical mite-host sexual-dimorphism grooming-behavior
Ericrocidini
cuckoo bees
Ericrocidini is a tribe of cleptoparasitic (cuckoo) bees within the family Apidae, containing 11 genera and approximately 42 species distributed throughout the Neotropics. These bees are obligate parasites of oil-collecting bees, primarily attacking nests of Centris (Centridini) and, in one derived case, Epicharis. Females do not construct nests or collect pollen; instead, they invade host nests, kill host eggs or larvae, and deposit their eggs in provisioned brood cells. The tribe diverged from related lineages approximately 74 million years ago in the Cretaceous, with host specialization evolving synchronously with their Centris and Epicharis hosts during the Eocene.
cleptoparasitic cuckoo-bee Neotropical Centris-parasite oil-collecting-bee-parasite Apidae Apinae obligate-parasite host-specificity coevolution
Ericydeus
broad-nosed weevils
Ericydeus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Naupactini) containing 16 described species distributed from the United States through Central America to Argentina. The genus was revised in 1995, revealing distinct biogeographic patterns: South American species form one clade and Central/North American species form another, with character evolution following a southern-to-northern direction. Species exhibit varied coloration including metallic green, coppery, and punctate patterns.
broad-nosed-weevil Naupactini Entiminae Neotropical biogeography cladistics weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Americas metallic-coloration punctate-elytra Pascoe-1880 systematic-revision-1995 16-species phylogenetic-biogeography southern-northern-character-evolution South-America-clade Central-America-clade North-America-clade E.-sedecimpunctatus E.-modestus E.-hancocki E.-schoenherri E.-yucatanus E.-roseiventris E.-quadripunctatus E.-cupreolus E.-viridans E.-duodecimpunctatus E.-forreri E.-lautus E.-placidus E.-argentinensis E.-bahiensis E.-nigropunctatus E.-humeralis-synonymized E.-modestus-viridans-elevated E.-modestus-duodecimpunctatus-elevated
Erinnyis
Erinnyis is a genus of sphinx moths (Sphingidae) established by Jacob Hübner in 1819, containing approximately 11 species distributed across the Americas. Several species, notably E. ello and E. alope, are significant agricultural pests whose larvae feed on economically important plants including cassava, rubber, and papaya. The genus is characterized by medium to large hawkmoths with robust bodies and relatively narrow forewings. Eggs of E. ello are known to be parasitized by multiple Trichogramma wasp species.
Sphingidae hornworm agricultural-pest cassava rubber papaya Neotropical Nearctic hawkmoth Trichogramma
Erinnyis crameri
Cramer's sphinx
Erinnyis crameri, commonly known as Cramer's sphinx, is a small moth in the family Sphingidae. First described by William Schaus in 1898, this species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning northern South America, Central America, and the southern United States. It belongs to the genus Erinnyis, which contains several sphinx moth species with similar distributions. The species is relatively well-documented through observation records, with over 460 observations on iNaturalist.
Sphingidae sphinx-moth Neotropical Nearctic 1898-description William-Schaus
Erinnyis ello
ello sphinx
Erinnyis ello, the ello sphinx, is a sphingid moth distributed from Argentina through Central America to the United States. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a significant agricultural pest, particularly of cassava, and has been extensively studied for its parasitoid relationships. Two subspecies are recognized: E. e. ello throughout the Americas and E. e. encantada endemic to the Galápagos Islands.
pest agricultural cassava parasitoid Neotropical Sphingidae biological-control
Eriophora edax
Eriophora edax is a species of orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae. The species occurs from the United States southward through the Neotropics to Brazil. Like other members of the genus Eriophora, it constructs large orb webs for prey capture. The species was originally described as Epeira edax by Blackwall in 1863.
spider orb-weaver Neotropical Nearctic
Eristalis bellardii
Mexican mountain drone fly
Eristalis bellardii is an uncommon syrphid fly species first described in 1867. It is found in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. The species exhibits Batesian mimicry of honeybees, with adults visiting flowers for nectar and pollen. Larval biology remains unknown.
Syrphidae hoverfly bee-mimic Batesian-mimicry pollinator montane Nearctic Neotropical
Eros
Eros is a genus of net-winged beetles in the family Lycidae, established by Newman in 1838. The genus contains at least three described species. Net-winged beetles are characterized by soft, flexible elytra with a distinctive net-like pattern of raised veins. Members of this genus are found in the Neotropical region, with distribution records from Colombia.
net-winged-beetles Lycidae Neotropical Coleoptera Erotini soft-bodied-beetles reticulate-elytra aposematic-coloration chemical-defense mimicry-complexes