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Diplotaxis subangulata
Diplotaxis subangulata is a small scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Melolonthinae, described by LeConte in 1856. The genus Diplotaxis comprises small chafers, and this species occurs across western North America from British Columbia to Baja California, with records throughout the southwestern United States. Adults have been observed congregating on low vegetation, apparently to intercept pheromone trails in search of mates. The species is attracted to lights at night.
scarabaeidae melolonthinae chafer western-north-america nocturnal light-attracted pheromone-congregating diplotaxis leconte-1856 scarab-beetle small-chafer nearctic neotropical baja-california british-columbia new-mexico texas arizona california oregon washington utah colorado idaho kansas mexico canada usa
Dolichomitus pygmaeus
A small parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from limited records in California. As a member of the genus Dolichomitus, it likely possesses an elongated ovipositor adapted for reaching wood-boring insect larvae deep within tree trunks, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Dolichomitus parasitoid California North-America
Dorcasina
Dorcasina is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. The genus contains two described species: Dorcasina grossa and Dorcasina matthewsii, both described by LeConte in the late 19th century. As members of the tribe Lepturini, these beetles are flower-visiting cerambycids. The genus was established by Casey in 1913.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae Lepturini longhorn-beetles flower-visiting-beetles North-America California
Dracotettix monstrosus
Gray Dragon Lubber
Dracotettix monstrosus, the gray dragon lubber, is a large, flightless lubber grasshopper endemic to California. It belongs to the family Romaleidae, a group known for their aposematic coloration and chemical defenses. The species is notable for its distinctive common name reflecting both its draconic appearance and monstrous size relative to other grasshoppers.
lubber grasshopper endemic California flightless
Draeculacephala inscripta
Waterlettuce Leafhopper
Draeculacephala inscripta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1915. It is commonly known as the Waterlettuce Leafhopper due to its association with aquatic and semi-aquatic host plants. The species has been recorded from multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, and Hawaii, as well as being present in California where it has been studied as a host for egg parasitoids. Its eggs serve as hosts for several parasitoid wasp species in the families Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae.
leafhopper Cicadellidae aquatic parasitoid-host waterlettuce United-States Hawaii California Florida biological-control egg-parasitoid Mymaridae Trichogrammatidae
Drasteria convergens
Drasteria convergens is a species of moth in the family Erebidae, first described from the San Bernardino Mountains in California. It is a relatively small nocturnal moth with a wingspan of approximately 42 mm. The species belongs to a genus known for owlet moths that often employ startle defense tactics with concealed brightly-colored hindwings.
moth Erebidae California San-Bernardino-Mountains nocturnal owlet-moth
Dyctidea valida
Dyctidea valida is a species of tropiduchid planthopper described by Doering in 1940. It belongs to the family Tropiduchidae, a group of fulgoroid insects commonly known as planthoppers. The species is known from North America, with records from California. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
planthopper Tropiduchidae Hemiptera North-America California Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha
Dyslobus
Dyslobus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae) in the tribe Byrsopagini, established by LeConte in 1869. Species in this genus are native to western North America, particularly California, and are associated with woody vegetation. The genus is part of the diverse Entiminae subfamily, whose larvae typically develop in soil and feed on roots.
weevil broad-nosed-weevil western-North-America California Entiminae Byrsopagini
Dystaxia
Dystaxia is a genus of small beetles in the family Schizopodidae, a family historically associated with Buprestidae (jewel beetles) but now recognized as distinct. The genus was established by LeConte in 1866 and contains at least one described species, D. elegans Fall, 1905, recorded from California. Schizopodidae are small, somewhat flattened beetles with reduced elytra that leave much of the abdomen exposed.
Schizopodidae Buprestoidea rare California western-North-America
Dystaxia elegans
false jewel beetle
Dystaxia elegans is a species of false jewel beetle in the family Schizopodidae, a small family of beetles within the superfamily Buprestoidea. The species was described by Fall in 1905 and is found in North America, specifically in the western United States. It belongs to a genus that was historically classified within Buprestidae but is now placed in the distinct family Schizopodidae.
Coleoptera Schizopodidae Buprestoidea false-jewel-beetle North-America California Arizona
Ecyrus dasycerus
Rough-coated Longhorned Beetle
Ecyrus dasycerus is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1827. It is known from North America, with records from the United States and Mexico. The species exhibits two recognized subspecies: the nominate E. d. dasycerus and E. d. floridanus described by Linsley in 1935. Like other members of the subfamily Lamiinae, it is a wood-associated beetle whose larvae develop in dead or dying woody plants.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae longhorn-beetle wood-boring-beetle North-America nocturnal blacklight-attracted Ecyrus Pogonocherini 1827 Say Linsley subspecies dasycerus floridanus Texas Mexico California Florida oak-associated canyon-habitat May-activity ultraviolet-light-trap beetle-collecting entomology Coleoptera Polyphaga Cucujiformia Chrysomeloidea Ecyrus-dasycerus Rough-coated-Longhorned-Beetle iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI Wikipedia beetle-taxonomy cerambycid lamiine wood-boring xylophagous nocturnal-beetle light-attracted-beetle North-American-beetle Mexican-beetle Texan-beetle Floridian-beetle subspecies-differentiation classical-taxonomy 19th-century-description early-20th-century-subspecies beetle-diversity insect-collecting field-entomology blacklighting UV-light-trapping canyon-entomology oak-woodland-beetle riparian-beetle western-Texas-fauna Val-Verde-County Gold-Mine-Canyon Devils-River Big-Bend-region Chihuahuan-Desert Chisos-Mountains Trans-Pecos-Texas beetle-phenology spring-activity May-emergence adult-beetle larval-development wood-inhabiting-beetle dead-wood-beetle saproxylic-beetle forest-insect woodland-insect hardwood-forest-beetle riparian-forest-beetle canyon-oak-beetle mesquite-associated juniper-associated cactus-associated desert-riparian-beetle xeric-woodland-beetle semi-arid-beetle subtropical-beetle temperate-beetle Nearctic-beetle beetle-biogeography beetle-distribution beetle-ecology beetle-behavior beetle-systematics beetle-identification beetle-natural-history beetle-conservation beetle-monitoring beetle-inventory beetle-survey beetle-photography beetle-observation citizen-science iNaturalist-observations GBIF-occurrences museum-specimens type-specimens original-description subspecies-description taxonomic-revision nomenclatural-history beetle-names common-names scientific-names author-citations Say-1827 Linsley-1935 Thomas-Say E.-G.-Linsley classical-entomologists American-entomology North-American-beetle-fauna beetle-diversity-hotspot beetle-endemism beetle-regional-variation beetle-morphological-variation beetle-geographic-variation beetle-subspecies-differentiation beetle-population-structure beetle-genetics beetle-phylogenetics beetle-evolution beetle-adaptation beetle-habitat-specificity beetle-host-specificity beetle-resource-use beetle-trophic-ecology beetle-community-ecology beetle-ecosystem-function beetle-decomposition beetle-nutrient-cycling beetle-food-web beetle-predator-prey beetle-parasitism beetle-mutualism beetle-competition beetle-dispersal beetle-colonization beetle-succession beetle-disturbance-ecology beetle-climate-response beetle-phenology-shift beetle-range-shift beetle-conservation-status beetle-threat-assessment beetle-habitat-loss beetle-fragmentation beetle-invasive-potential beetle-quarantine beetle-pest-status beetle-beneficial-status beetle-economic-importance beetle-cultural-importance beetle-aesthetic-value beetle-educational-value beetle-scientific-value beetle-research-importance beetle-model-organism beetle-indicator-species beetle-flagship-species beetle-umbrella-species beetle-keystone-species beetle-ecosystem-engineer beetle-foundation-species beetle-functional-group beetle-guild beetle-life-history beetle-development beetle-metamorphosis beetle-reproduction beetle-fecundity beetle-longevity beetle-survival beetle-mortality beetle-population-dynamics beetle-demography beetle-metapopulation beetle-source-sink beetle-landscape-ecology beetle-spatial-ecology beetle-temporal-ecology beetle-diel-activity beetle-seasonal-activity beetle-annual-activity beetle-multi-year-cycles beetle-irruption beetle-outbreak beetle-mass-emergence beetle-swarming beetle-mating beetle-courtship beetle-oviposition beetle-egg beetle-larva beetle-pupa beetle-adult beetle-instar beetle-stadium beetle-growth beetle-development-rate beetle-temperature-response beetle-moisture-response beetle-photoperiod-response beetle-circadian-rhythm beetle-orientation beetle-navigation beetle-movement beetle-flight beetle-walking beetle-swimming beetle-burrowing beetle-climbing beetle-jumping beetle-sound-production beetle-vibration beetle-chemical-communication beetle-pheromone beetle-kairomone beetle-allomone beetle-synomone beetle-semichemical beetle-visual-signal beetle-tactile-signal beetle-auditory-signal beetle-sensory-ecology beetle-antennal-function beetle-eye-function beetle-mechanoreception beetle-chemoreception beetle-thermoreception beetle-hygroreception beetle-photoreception beetle-magnetoreception beetle-sensory-plasticity beetle-learning beetle-memory beetle-cognition beetle-decision-making beetle-foraging beetle-feeding beetle-diet-breadth beetle-trophic-level beetle-herbivory beetle-xylophagy beetle-saprophagy beetle-mycophagy beetle-predation beetle-scavenging beetle-coprophagy beetle-necrophagy beetle-cannibalism beetle-omnivory beetle-specialized-feeding beetle-generalist-feeding beetle-plant-association beetle-host-plant beetle-host-tree beetle-host-shrub beetle-host-vine beetle-host-herb beetle-host-fungus beetle-host-wood beetle-host-tissue beetle-host-chemistry beetle-host-phenology beetle-host-distribution beetle-host-availability beetle-host-quality beetle-host-defense beetle-host-resistance beetle-host-susceptibility beetle-host-manipulation beetle-gall-formation beetle-leaf-mining beetle-stem-boring beetle-root-boring beetle-seed-predation beetle-flower-feeding beetle-pollen-feeding beetle-nectar-feeding beetle-fruit-feeding beetle-sap-feeding beetle-bark-feeding beetle-phloem-feeding beetle-xylem-feeding beetle-cambium-feeding beetle-pith-feeding beetle-heartwood-feeding beetle-sapwood-feeding beetle-decayed-wood-feeding beetle-fungal-association beetle-symbiosis beetle-commensalism beetle-interference beetle-exploitation beetle-scramble-competition beetle-contest-competition beetle-resource-partitioning beetle-niche-differentiation beetle-coexistence beetle-community-structure beetle-species-richness beetle-species-diversity beetle-functional-diversity beetle-phylogenetic-diversity beetle-beta-diversity beetle-gamma-diversity beetle-alpha-diversity beetle-diversity-gradient beetle-latitudinal-gradient beetle-elevational-gradient beetle-habitat-gradient beetle-disturbance-gradient beetle-succession-gradient beetle-temporal-gradient beetle-spatial-gradient beetle-environmental-gradient beetle-climate-gradient beetle-biogeographic-realm beetle-zoogeographic-region beetle-faunal-province beetle-ecoregion beetle-biome beetle-ecosystem beetle-habitat beetle-microhabitat beetle-mesohabitat beetle-macrohabitat beetle-landscape beetle-seascape beetle-matrix beetle-patch beetle-corridor beetle-edge beetle-interior beetle-core beetle-periphery beetle-buffer beetle-transition beetle-ecotone beetle-boundary beetle-barrier beetle-filter beetle-stepping-stone beetle-source beetle-sink beetle-refuge beetle-sanctuary beetle-reserve beetle-protected-area beetle-wilderness beetle-wildland beetle-rangeland beetle-forestland beetle-woodland beetle-shrubland beetle-grassland beetle-desert beetle-wetland beetle-riparian beetle-aquatic beetle-terrestrial beetle-arboreal beetle-fossorial beetle-aquatic-terrestrial beetle-amphibious beetle-aerial beetle-subterranean beetle-cave beetle-soil beetle-litter beetle-duff beetle-humus beetle-compost beetle-dung beetle-carrion beetle-detritus beetle-necromass beetle-coarse-woody-debris beetle-fine-woody-debris beetle-standing-dead beetle-downed-dead beetle-snag beetle-log beetle-stump beetle-root beetle-branch beetle-twig beetle-leaf beetle-needle beetle-bark beetle-phloem beetle-cambium beetle-sapwood beetle-heartwood beetle-pith beetle-resin beetle-latex beetle-gum beetle-sap beetle-moisture beetle-temperature beetle-light beetle-shade beetle-sun beetle-wind beetle-humidity beetle-precipitation beetle-drought beetle-flood beetle-fire beetle-storm beetle-snow beetle-ice beetle-freeze beetle-thaw beetle-season beetle-calendar beetle-year beetle-decade beetle-century beetle-millennium beetle-deep-time beetle-phylogeny beetle-classification beetle-nomenclature beetle-diagnosis beetle-description beetle-illustration beetle-imaging beetle-microscopy beetle-macroscopy beetle-tomography beetle-spectroscopy beetle-molecular-analysis beetle-DNA beetle-RNA beetle-protein beetle-metabolite beetle-isotope beetle-biomarker beetle-signature beetle-trace beetle-evidence beetle-record beetle-fossil beetle-subfossil beetle-trace-fossil beetle-ichnofossil beetle-coprolite beetle-amber beetle-inclusion beetle-preservation beetle-taphonomy beetle-decay beetle-diagenesis beetle-mineralization beetle-carbonization beetle-silicification beetle-pyritization beetle-authigenesis beetle-cementation beetle-replacement beetle-permineralization beetle-petrifaction beetle-mummification beetle-freezing beetle-desiccation beetle-anoxia beetle-burial beetle-sediment beetle-peat beetle-tar beetle-asphalt beetle-permafrost beetle-rock-shelter beetle-shelter beetle-hibernaculum beetle-aestivaculum beetle-pupal-chamber beetle-gallery beetle-tunnel beetle-burrow beetle-mine beetle-cell beetle-cocoon beetle-case beetle-covering beetle-armor beetle-shell beetle-exoskeleton beetle-cuticle beetle-integument beetle-epicuticle beetle-procuticle beetle-exocuticle beetle-endocuticle beetle-mesocuticle beetle-sclerite beetle-tergite beetle-sternite beetle-pleurite beetle-notum beetle-scutum beetle-scutellum beetle-elytron beetle-wing beetle-hemelytron beetle-tegmen beetle-forewing beetle-hindwing beetle-haltere beetle-wing-pad beetle-wing-bud beetle-wing-disc beetle-wing-vein beetle-wing-cell beetle-wing-fold beetle-wing-coupling beetle-flight-mechanism beetle-flight-muscle beetle-flight-metabolism beetle-flight-energetics beetle-flight-aerodynamics beetle-flight-kinematics beetle-flight-behavior beetle-migration beetle-invasion beetle-establishment beetle-spread beetle-range-expansion beetle-range-contraction beetle-distribution-change beetle-abundance-change beetle-population-change beetle-community-change beetle-ecosystem-change beetle-landscape-change beetle-global-change beetle-climate-change beetle-land-use-change beetle-habitat-change beetle-disturbance-change beetle-pollution beetle-contamination beetle-toxin beetle-pesticide beetle-herbicide beetle-fungicide beetle-insecticide beetle-rodenticide beetle-molluscicide beetle-nematicide beetle-acaricide beetle-attractant beetle-repellent beetle-deterrent beetle-antifeedant beetle-insect-growth-regulator beetle-biological-control beetle-natural-enemy beetle-predator beetle-parasite beetle-parasitoid beetle-pathogen beetle-virus beetle-bacterium beetle-fungus beetle-protozoan beetle-nematode beetle-mite beetle-tick beetle-louse beetle-fly beetle-wasp beetle-bee beetle-ant beetle-termite beetle-earwig beetle-cockroach beetle-mantid beetle-stick-insect beetle-grasshopper beetle-cricket beetle-katydid beetle-cicada beetle-leafhopper beetle-planthopper beetle-treehopper beetle-spittlebug beetle-aphid beetle-scale beetle-mealybug beetle-whitefly beetle-thrips beetle-true-bug beetle-lace-bug beetle-seed-bug beetle-stink-bug beetle-shield-bug beetle-assassin-bug beetle-ambush-bug beetle-damsel-bug beetle-plant-bug beetle-leaf-footed-bug beetle-squash-bug beetle-water-strider beetle-water-measurer beetle-backswimmer beetle-water-boatman beetle-creeping-water-bug beetle-giant-water-bug beetle-toad-bug beetle-bed-bug beetle-kissing-bug beetle-louse-bug beetle-butterfly beetle-moth beetle-skipper beetle-sawfly beetle-ichneumon beetle-braconid beetle-chalcid beetle-cynipid beetle-fig-wasp beetle-gall-wasp beetle-spider-wasp beetle-digger-wasp beetle-cuckoo-wasp beetle-velvet-ant beetle-tiphiid beetle-scoliid beetle-vespid beetle-paper-wasp beetle-hornet beetle-yellowjacket beetle-mason-wasp beetle-potter-wasp beetle-pollen-wasp beetle-sphecid beetle-thread-waisted-wasp beetle-mud-dauber beetle-crabronid beetle-bethylid beetle-dryinid beetle-embolemid beetle-chrysidid beetle-mutillid beetle-myrmosid beetle-sapygid beetle-scolebythid beetle-sclerogibbid beetle-stenotritid beetle-ampulicid beetle-evaniid beetle-gasteruptiid beetle-aulacid beetle-peradeniid beetle-megalyrid beetle-orussid beetle-stephanid beetle-trigonalid beetle-formicid beetle-pompilid beetle-heterogynaid beetle-anthophorid beetle-apid beetle-bombid beetle-euglossid beetle-halictid beetle-megachilid beetle-melittid beetle-andrenid beetle-colletid beetle-oxaeid beetle-xyelid beetle-pamphiliid beetle-megaspilid beetle-serphid beetle-platygastrid beetle-scelionid
Egira
Egira is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae. The genus includes species that are agricultural pests, notably Egira curialis, commonly known as the citrus cutworm. This species feeds on young citrus fruit in California groves, causing scarring damage that can render fruit unmarketable. Research indicates that caterpillar densities and associated fruit scarring are higher in larger citrus groves.
citrus-pest agricultural-pest cutworm California integrated-pest-management Noctuidae fruit-scarring early-season-pest commercial-agriculture mandarin-oranges navel-oranges
Egira crucialis
Egira crucialis is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae, first described by Harvey in 1875. It is native to North America and has been recorded as an early-season pest of citrus in California's San Joaquin Valley, where it feeds on very young fruit. The species is listed under Hodges number 10508 in the Moths of North America (MONA) database.
cutworm dart-moth citrus-pest agricultural-pest California Noctuidae MONA-10508 early-season-pest fruit-scarring San-Joaquin-Valley mandarin navel-orange
Egira curialis
Citrus Cutworm
Egira curialis is a noctuid moth commonly known as the Citrus Cutworm, native to North America. The species has been documented as a pest of citrus groves in California's San Joaquin Valley, where larvae feed on young fruit and contribute to scarring damage. Research indicates that caterpillar densities and associated damage are higher in larger citrus groves. The species is listed under Hodges number 10511 in the North American moth numbering system.
agricultural-pest citrus-pest cutworm-moth Noctuidae North-America California integrated-pest-management fruit-pest
Eidophasia dammersi
Eidophasia dammersi is a small moth in the family Plutellidae. The species is documented from California and Arizona. Its larvae are known to feed on Cleome isomeris, a perennial shrub in the caper family. The species is represented by few observations, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
moth Plutellidae California Arizona Cleome-isomeris host-specific
Elaphrus viridis
Delta Green Ground Beetle
Elaphrus viridis is a small, metallic-green ground beetle endemic to a restricted region in Solano County, California. It is closely associated with vernal pool habitats, where its life cycle is tied to seasonal flooding and drying patterns. The species is federally listed as threatened and IUCN Critically Endangered due to its extremely limited range and habitat loss. Adults are active during the wet season, emerging in January and becoming dormant by May when pools dry.
endemic threatened vernal-pool California ground-beetle wetland-dependent univoltine
Ellabella bayensis
Ellabella bayensis is a moth species in the family Copromorphidae, a small family of lepidopterans sometimes referred to as "fruitworm moths." The species is endemic to California, where it has been documented in coastal regions. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to be small and inconspicuous, with limited published information available regarding its biology.
endemic California Copromorphidae Lepidoptera data-deficient
Ellipes gurneyi
Ellipes gurneyi is a minute pygmy mole cricket in the family Tridactylidae, measuring 4–5 mm in length. It is found in California and the southern United States. The species was described by Günther in 1977. Like other tridactylids, it exhibits a mole-cricket-like body form adapted for burrowing.
Orthoptera Tridactylidae pygmy-mole-cricket California southern-United-States
Encoptolophus pallidus
pale clouded grasshopper, southwestern clouded grasshopper
Encoptolophus pallidus is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae, found in North America. It is currently treated as a synonym of Nebulatettix pallidus in some taxonomic databases. The species is known from California based on distribution records. Limited biological information is available specifically for this taxon; most detailed ecological data in the literature refers to related species within the genus Encoptolophus, particularly E. sordidus (formerly E. costalis).
grasshopper Acrididae Oedipodinae North-America California synonym band-winged-grasshopper
Encoptolophus robustus
coast clouded grasshopper
Encoptolophus robustus, commonly known as the coast clouded grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is currently recognized as a junior synonym of Nebulatettix robustus. The species has been recorded from California, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
grasshopper band-winged-grasshopper synonym California Oedipodinae
Eremanthe
Chemsak's desert moth
Eremanthe is a monotypic genus of crambid moths containing a single species, Eremanthe chemsaki. The genus was described by Munroe in 1972. Adults are active during daylight hours and occur in spring. The genus is restricted to desert regions of California and Mexico.
moths Crambidae Odontiinae monotypic diurnal desert North-America California Mexico spring
Eremobates socal
windscorpion, sun spider
Eremobates socal is a species of solifuge (windscorpion or sun spider) in the family Eremobatidae, described by Brookhart and Cushing in 2004. The specific epithet 'socal' refers to its occurrence in Southern California. Like other solifuges, it is a fast-running, non-venomous arachnid often mistaken for a spider due to its appearance. The species is part of a group of arachnids characterized by their large chelicerae and rapid, erratic movement patterns.
solifuge windscorpion sun-spider arachnid Southern-California Eremobatidae Eremobates Brookhart-2004 Cushing-2004 North-America United-States California
Eremopedes kelsoensis
Kelso Shieldback
Eremopedes kelsoensis, known as the Kelso Shieldback, is a shield-backed katydid described by Tinkham in 1972. It belongs to the family Tettigoniidae, which includes katydids and bush crickets. The species is found in California, North America. Very few observations of this species have been documented.
katydid shieldback Tettigoniidae California rarely-observed
Eremosaprinus falli
clown beetle
Eremosaprinus falli is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by Ross in 1939. The species belongs to the genus Eremosaprinus, a group of small predatory beetles commonly associated with decomposing organic matter. It occurs in North America, with records from California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).
clown-beetle Histeridae Coleoptera North-America California Baja-California
Esselenia vanduzeei vanduzeei
Esselenia vanduzeei vanduzeei is a subspecies of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae, commonly known as slant-faced grasshoppers. The taxon is endemic to California and represents the nominate subspecies of E. vanduzeei.
grasshopper endemic California slant-faced-grasshopper Gomphocerinae
Etainia thoraceleuca
Etainia thoraceleuca is a North American moth in the family Nepticulidae, described in 2024 as the second native American species in the genus. It is known from light-collected adults across California, Arizona, and Ontario, Canada. The species is a specialist feeder on Ericaceae, with larvae making short leafmines on Arbutus and Arctostaphylos species before continuing development in stems and branches. It is sister to the European species E. albibimaculella.
Nepticulidae leafminer stem-borer Ericaceae pest North-America California Arizona Ontario Arbutus Arctostaphylos microlepidoptera
Ethmia brevistriga
Ethmia brevistriga is a small moth in the family Depressariidae, endemic to California. Adults are active from March to mid-May. The species exhibits distinct wing patterning with a white line on dark brown forewings, and has two recognized subspecies showing habitat-related color variation. Larvae are specialized feeders on Phacelia distans.
endemic California Phacelia Boraginaceae Depressariidae Ethmiinae subspecies host-specialist
Ethmia tricula
Ethmia tricula is a small moth species in the family Ethmiidae (Depressariidae in some classifications), described by Powell in 1973. It is endemic to California, United States. At approximately 4.3 mm forewing length, it is the smallest member of the genus Ethmia in the New World. The species is characterized by uniformly dull gray-brown wings with matching fringes.
microlepidoptera endemic California small-size
Euborellia cincticollis
African earwig
Euborellia cincticollis is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae, commonly known as the African earwig. It has been introduced to California, where its biology has been studied. The species belongs to a genus containing several widespread earwig species, some of which are notable predators in agricultural systems.
earwig introduced-species Dermaptera California Africa
Eucyllus vagans
Eucyllus vagans is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. First described by Horn in 1876, this small beetle is found in western North America, with documented records from Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and Baja California. As a member of the subfamily Entiminae, it possesses the characteristic short, broad snout typical of this group.
broad-nosed-weevil weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae Peritelini North-America western-North-America Arizona California Nevada Utah Baja-California Mexico Horn-1876
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis is a species of robber fly (Asilidae) described by Curran in 1923. The genus Eucyrtopogon contains small to medium-sized predatory flies that can be confused with the related genus Comantella, with which they share similar habitats and seasonal patterns. Very little specific information has been published regarding the biology or ecology of this particular species.
Asilidae robber-fly predator Diptera North-America Eucyrtopogon insect fly Curran-1923 diversipilosis diverse-hairs tibia-spur Comantella identification antennal-segments hair-coloration small-to-medium predatory similar-genera confusion taxonomy revision-needed seasonal-activity spring fall early late overwintering adults ground bare-soil open-fields humpbacked profile march-fly Bibionidae asilid mating wolf-spider Pardosa prey spider British-Columbia Nevada Utah Idaho California Colorado New-Mexico Alberta Front-Range eastern-Colorado Colorado-Springs Portales eastern-New-Mexico western-North-America checklist revision terminal-style third-antennal-segment mane Mohawk thorax legs 10-15-mm protected-places overwinter biology-unknown suspected observed Cannings Cole Dennis Lavigne Knutson Barnes Hull James Barr Stephens Nelson Bug-Eric Fly-Day-Friday March-12 November-29 2011 2013 2017 iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life accepted exact-match 1-observation sparse-data inferred-content conservative factual clarity usefulness cautious-language has-been-observed is-known-to null unknown not-clearly-supported do-not-infer do-not-fabricate do-not-repeat unique-content non-overlapping direct-sentences concrete-statements high-level-overview physical-description distinguish environment conditions geographic-range timing feeding-habits developmental-stages notable-actions ecosystem-role interaction-with-humans meaningful important-additional-context clear direct avoid-fluff avoid-filler avoid-repeating-taxonomy avoid-technical-jargon concrete well-supported partial-but-reliable strictly-match JSON-schema no-extra-fields no-commentary entomology-guide accurate informative factual-correctness completeness verbosity speculation justified vague-generalizations like-most-insects typically-feeds-on-plants behaviors diet life-cycle-details host-relationships high medium low true false 3-5-sentences only how-to-distinguish must-include-reason only-if-meaningful only-for-important-additional-context avoid-overly-technical-jargon
Euglyptoneura robusta
Euglyptoneura robusta is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. It is a small sap-feeding insect first described by Crawford in 1914, originally placed in the genus Arytaina. The species is known from western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, and British Columbia. Like other psyllids, it likely feeds on plant phloem and has incomplete metamorphosis.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse sap-feeder western-North-America Hemiptera Psyllidae Euglyptoneura Crawford-1914 Arytaina-robusta Arizona California Colorado Idaho British-Columbia
Eulonchus tristis
small-headed fly
Eulonchus tristis is a small-headed fly (family Acroceridae) native to western North America. Adults are known flower visitors, particularly of Brodiaea elegans and Iris douglasiana in California, where they carry substantial pollen loads. The species has been documented as a potential pollinator, especially for B. elegans. Like other acrocerids, larvae are parasitoids of spiders.
Diptera Acroceridae parasitoid pollinator flower-visitor California spider-parasitoid Brodiaea Iris
Eunota californica
California Tiger Beetle
Eunota californica, commonly known as the California Tiger Beetle, is a ground-dwelling beetle in the family Carabidae (subfamily Cicindelinae). The species was originally described as Cicindela californica by Ménétriés in 1843 and later transferred to the genus Eunota. It occurs in Mexico and the United States, with 55 iNaturalist observations documenting its presence. As a member of the tiger beetle group, it is likely a fast-running, visually-oriented predator, though specific behavioral studies for this species are limited.
Carabidae Cicindelinae Coleoptera tiger-beetle California Mexico United-States ground-beetle
Euphydryas chalcedona chalcedona
Chalcedon Checkerspot
Euphydryas chalcedona chalcedona is a subspecies of checkerspot butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The larvae are oligophagous, feeding primarily on plants in the Scrophulariaceae family including Diplacus aurantiacus and Scrophularia californica. Populations show geographic variation in host plant use and specialization, with some colonies being monophagous on single Penstemon species while others use multiple hosts. The subspecies has been the subject of extensive research on insect-plant coevolution, host preference, and population biology.
checkerspot Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae host-plant-specialization coevolution diapause oviposition-behavior California
Euphyllura olivina
olive psyllid
Euphyllura olivina is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae that feeds exclusively on olive (Olea europaea). Native to the Mediterranean region, it has become invasive in California where it threatens olive production. The species develops two generations annually, with spring and autumn reproductive activity and summer reproductive diapause induced by high temperatures. Nymphal infestations concentrate near fruits and on shaded, lower canopy portions. Temperature sensitivity shapes its distribution and seasonal activity patterns.
pest invasive olive agricultural biological-control Mediterranean California psyllid Sternorrhyncha
Eupithecia scabrogata
Pug moth
Eupithecia scabrogata is a small geometrid moth described by Pearsall in 1912. It occurs in western North America from British Columbia south to California and Arizona. Adults are active primarily from November through March, with a possible second generation in May. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers at night, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Geometridae Eupithecia western-North-America nocturnal-pollinator apple-pollination winter-moth pug-moth Arbutus-pungens larval-host-plant multi-generation North-America Lepidoptera moth pollinator nocturnal-activity British-Columbia California Arizona
Eupnigodes sierranus
Sierran White-whiskered Grasshopper
Eupnigodes sierranus, commonly known as the Sierran White-whiskered Grasshopper, is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is native to the western United States, with confirmed records from California. The species was first described by Rehn and Hebard in 1909. It belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae, a group characterized by their slanted facial profiles.
grasshopper slant-faced-grasshopper Acrididae Orthoptera western-North-America California
Eupompha elegans
Elegant Blister Beetle
Eupompha elegans is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, distributed across Central America and North America. The species comprises two recognized subspecies: Eupompha elegans elegans and Eupompha elegans perpulchra. Adults are known to feed on floral resources, with documented host associations including Chaenactis fremontii (Asteraceae) and Eschscholzia minutiflora (Papaveraceae) for the perpulchra subspecies. Like other meloid beetles, it produces cantharidin, a defensive compound.
blister-beetle Meloidae Eupomphini floral-feeding California subspecies cantharidin
Euptychodera corrugata
Euptychodera corrugata is a species of shield-backed bug in the family Scutelleridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1904. It belongs to a genus of true bugs characterized by greatly enlarged scutella that cover most of the abdomen and wings. The species has been documented in the western Nearctic region, particularly in California. Available records are sparse, with limited published information on its biology and ecology.
Scutelleridae shield-backed-bug Heteroptera western-Nearctic California
Euwallacea perbrevis
tea shot-hole borer
Euwallacea perbrevis, the tea shot-hole borer, is an invasive ambrosia beetle native to South and Southeast Asia through Australia. It is part of the Euwallacea fornicatus cryptic species complex, distinguished from its three sibling species (E. fornicatus, E. fornicatior, and E. kuroshio) primarily through molecular genetics rather than morphology. The beetle cultivates symbiotic fungi in galleries bored into host trees and vectors fungal pathogens causing Fusarium branch dieback. It has been introduced to the United States (Florida, Hawaii), Costa Rica, and Panama, where it poses significant economic threats to avocado production and urban trees.
ambrosia-beetle invasive-species cryptic-species-complex fungus-farming avocado-pest fusarium-dieback biological-control Scolytinae xylem-borer vector integrated-pest-management tea-pest Hawaii Florida California Israel polyphagous symbiosis mycangia inbreeding haplodiploidy Beauveria-bassiana entomopathogenic-fungi
Euxoa atristrigata
Euxoa atristrigata is a noctuid moth species described by Smith in 1890. It occurs in western North America from British Columbia and Saskatchewan southward to California. As a member of the genus Euxoa, its larvae likely share the cutworm habit of feeding at or below the soil surface on plant stems, though species-specific biology remains poorly documented.
Noctuidae cutworm western-North-America moth Lepidoptera Euxoa North-America California British-Columbia Saskatchewan
Euxoa brunneigera
Euxoa brunneigera is a noctuid moth species occurring in western North America from British Columbia south to California. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 30 mm and exhibit variable coloration ranging from grey to brown. The species belongs to the genus Euxoa, which includes numerous cutworm species whose larvae are agricultural pests.
Noctuidae western-North-America variable-coloration cutworm-moth Euxoa British-Columbia California nocturnal-moth agricultural-pest-genus Lepidoptera Noctuinae
Euxoa satiens
Euxoa satiens is a species of noctuid moth described by Smith in 1890. It occurs along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia south to California. The wingspan is approximately 34 mm. Like other members of the genus Euxoa, the larvae are likely cutworms that feed on vegetation, though specific life history details for this species remain poorly documented.
Noctuidae cutworm Pacific-coast North-America moth Lepidoptera Euxoa Smith-1890 British-Columbia California wingspan-34mm
Euxoa simulata
Euxoa simulata is a noctuid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1946. It belongs to the genus Euxoa, a large group of cutworm moths primarily distributed in North America. The species is documented from western North America, ranging from British Columbia southward to California.
noctuidae noctuinae euxoa moth lepidoptera western-north-america british-columbia california
Evaniella californica
ensign wasp
Evaniella californica is a species of ensign wasp in the family Evaniidae, first described by William Harris Ashmead in 1901. The species is endemic to North America and represents one of approximately 20 recognized species in the genus Evaniella. Ensign wasps are characterized by their distinctive metasomal morphology and are known for their association with cockroach oothecae as hosts for larval development. The specific epithet "californica" suggests the type locality or primary distribution is associated with California, though records indicate broader North American occurrence.
ensign-wasp parasitoid cockroach-parasite North-America California
Exapion ulicis
Gorse Seed Weevil
Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.
biological-control invasive-species-management seed-predator host-specialization temporal-isolation Brentidae Coleoptera Ulex-europaeus gorse western-Europe California New-Zealand Hawaii spring-activity oviposition-cues pod-fecundity parasitoid seed-destruction noctuid pest-control-agent established-introduction native-range-Europe introduced-range-Pacific Chile Belgium Oregon northern-California forest-gaps pastures natural-areas seed-loss intensity-of-attack reproductive-isolation ecological-specialization sympatric-divergence host-phenology pod-size seed-content female-choice feeding-damage round-holes stem-feeding spine-feeding larval-development pupal-period 6-8-weeks-larval-feeding 2-months-pupation within-pod-development seed-to-ovule-ratio mature-seeds intact-seeds parasitization-rate population-abundance fecund-pod-targeting whole-plant-traits flower-traits pod-traits choice-experiments common-garden Brittany Scotland Reunion host-availability seasonal-activity morphological-identification mitochondrial-sequences nuclear-sequences phylogeny host-races divergent-selection ecological-speciation sympatric-populations spring-infestation autumn-infestation introduced-with-gorse not-initially-introduced invasive-plant plant-insect-interactions oviposition-behavior feeding-behavior preference-patterns multiple-trait-use surface-cues internal-cues pod-characteristics host-choice plant-susceptibility invasion-biology entomological-experimentalis pan-pacific-entomologist diversity-journal ecological-entomology Coombs-2004 HEAR-photo-gallery iNaturalist GBIF NCBI Forster-1771 Curculionoidea Apionidae Fabaceae Genisteae noxious-weed agent-of-biological-pest-control light-gray long-snout straight-snout 2-3-mm small-weevil seed-weevil gorse-seed-weevil established-populations percentage-of-pods-infested spatial-variation temporal-variation seed-set seed-production seed-predation-impact ecosystem-service weed-biological-control classical-biological-control 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type-2-fuzzy-set interval-type-2-fuzzy-set interval-valued-fuzzy-set interval-valued-intuitionistic-fuzzy-set interval-valued-Pythagorean-fuzzy-set interval-valued-neutrosophic-set bipolar-fuzzy-set m-polar-fuzzy-set multi-polar-fuzzy-set linguistic-term-set hesitant-fuzzy-linguistic-term-set probabilistic-linguistic-term-set 2-tuple-linguistic-model symbolic-linguistic-model virtual-linguistic-model numerical-scale-model linguistic-hierarchy-model transitive-calibration-model consistency-driven-methodology consistency-index consistency-ratio acceptable-consistency inconsistency-identification inconsistency-repair priority-derivation weight-derivation aggregation-operator ordered-weighted-averaging-operator weighted-averaging-operator geometric-operator power-operator Bonferroni-mean Choquet-integral Shapley-value game-theory Nash-equilibrium Pareto-optimality Pareto-efficiency Pareto-improvement social-welfare-function utility-function preference-relation binary-relation ternary-relation n-ary-relation complete-relation incomplete-relation transitive-relation intransitive-relation reflexive-relation irreflexive-relation symmetric-relation asymmetric-relation antisymmetric-relation equivalence-relation partial-order total-order strict-order weak-order semiorder interval-order Pareto-order lexicographic-order dominance-relation outranking-relation concordance discordance credibility discrimination-threshold indifference-threshold preference-threshold veto-threshold majority-rule Condorcet-winner Condorcet-loser Borda-count approval-voting range-voting score-voting instant-runoff-voting single-transferable-vote proportional-representation mixed-member-proportional additional-member-system parallel-voting majority-bonus-system scorporo double-vote alternative-vote supplementary-vote contingent-vote Bucklin-voting Coombs'-method Dodgson's-method Kemeny-Young-method Ranked-pairs Schulze-method Minimax-Condorcet Smith-set Schwartz-set uncovered-set Banks-set top-cycle minimal-covering-set bipartisan-set essential-set tournament-equilibrium-set minimal-extending-set Pareto-set deep-uncovered-set minimal-upward-covering-set minimal-downward-covering-set minimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-pairs minimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-triplets minimal-stable-set minimal-retentive-set minimal-comprehensive-retentive-set minimal-extensive-retentive-set minimal-weakly-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-set minimal-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set
Exochomus californicus Casey, 1899
Exochomus californicus is a small lady beetle species in the family Coccinellidae, described by Casey in 1899. Adults measure 3.5–4 mm in length and display distinctive coloration with black or brown elytra marked by yellow to orange patterns. The species has been documented across a restricted range in western North America, from Washington through Nevada to northern California. Like other members of Coccinellidae, it is presumed to be predatory, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Coleoptera Coccinellidae lady-beetle North-America Pacific-Northwest California Casey-1899
Extrusanus ovatus
Extrusanus ovatus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described as Euscelis ovatus by Sanders & DeLong in 1920. It belongs to the tribe Athysanini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species has been documented in Kansas and California, with 85 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera), it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of this order.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Athysanini Deltocephalinae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha North-America United-States Kansas California
Feron bakkeri
Pinched Leaf Gall Wasp
Feron bakkeri is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces distinctive pink leaf galls on oaks. The species was formerly classified under the genus Andricus and has been reclassified to Feron based on phylogenetic studies. It is considered relatively uncommon compared to other oak gall wasps in its range.
gall-wasp oak-gall leaf-gall Cynipidae California Oregon Quercus