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Colladonus kirkaldyi
Colladonus kirkaldyi is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, first described by Ball in 1911. It belongs to the genus Colladonus, which contains several North American leafhopper species. Very little specific information is available for this particular species in the provided sources.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae North-America California Mexico
Colon longitorsum
round fungus beetle
Colon longitorsum is a species of round fungus beetle in the family Leiodidae, first described by Peck & Stephan in 1996. It belongs to the genus Colon, a group of small beetles associated with fungal habitats. The species is known from limited records in western North America, specifically California and Oregon. As with other members of Leiodidae, it likely inhabits environments where fungal resources are available.
Coleoptera Leiodidae fungus-beetle North-America California Oregon
Comantella fallei
Comantella fallei is a small to medium-sized robber fly (10-15 mm) found in California and Colorado. Adults are active in early spring and late fall, an unusual seasonal pattern for Asilidae. The species is distinguished by a humpbacked profile, a slender spur on the front tibia, and a distinctive "Mohawk" mane of hairs on the thorax. One observation documents predation on a small wolf spider (Pardosa).
robber-fly Asilidae predator spring fall California Colorado ground-dwelling spider-predator humpbacked Mohawk-mane early-season late-season
Conocephalus occidentalis
Pacific meadow katydid
Conocephalus occidentalis, the Pacific meadow katydid, is a species of meadow katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in western North America, with distribution records from California and Oregon. As a member of the genus Conocephalus, it is part of a group commonly known as meadow katydids.
Orthoptera Ensifera Tettigoniidae katydid meadow-katydid Pacific North-America California Oregon
Conocephalus spinosus
San Diego meadow katydid
Conocephalus spinosus, commonly known as the San Diego meadow katydid, is a species of meadow katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is native to North America and has been documented in California. As a member of the subfamily Conocephalinae, it shares characteristics with other meadow katydids, including association with grassy habitats. The species was described by Morse in 1901. Available records indicate limited observational data, with 19 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Orthoptera Tettigoniidae katydid meadow-katydid North-America California
Conozoa hyalina
Central Valley Grasshopper, California Central Valley Grasshopper
Conozoa hyalina was a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, endemic to the United States. The species is now extinct. It was known from the Central Valley of California, from which its common names were derived. No living observations of this species exist.
extinct endemic United-States California Central-Valley grasshopper Acrididae
Conozoa nicola
San Nicolas Grasshopper
Conozoa nicola, the San Nicolas Grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae. It is endemic to San Nicolas Island, California, and was described by Rentz and Weissman in 1981. The species belongs to a genus of grasshoppers commonly associated with arid and semi-arid habitats in western North America.
endemic island-species California Channel-Islands band-winged-grasshopper
Contarinia zauschneriae
California fuchsia gall midge
Contarinia zauschneriae is a gall midge species that induces distinctive roselle-form bud galls on Epilobium canum (California fuchsia), a flowering plant native to western North America. The species was first described by Ephraim Felt in 1912 based on specimens collected in the Puente Hills near Whittier, California. The galls are structurally complex, mimicking rosebuds in both form and coloration.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-former Epilobium California western-North-America
Cordylospasta opaca
Cordylospasta opaca is a large, black blister beetle (Meloidae) endemic to arid regions of central and southern California. Males are fully winged and reach 12 mm in length, while females are flightless with reduced elytra and reach 19 mm. The species is distinguished from its closest relative, C. fulleri, by having 11 antennal segments (versus 8-10 in C. fulleri) and by its strictly allopatric distribution. Six biological races, equivalent to subspecies, have been recognized based on step-clinal geographic variation in seven anatomical characters.
blister-beetle sexual-dimorphism flightless-female arid-habitat endemic California
Cosumnoperla
Cosumnoperla is a genus of stoneflies in the family Perlodidae, established by Szczytko & Bottorff in 1987. It is classified within the subfamily Isoperlinae and is endemic to California. The genus represents a small group of western Nearctic perlodid stoneflies.
endemic California stonefly western-Nearctic
Crambus angulatus
Crambus angulatus is a moth species in the family Crambidae described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1918. It is known from North America, with records from California. Like other members of the genus Crambus, it likely belongs to the group commonly known as grass-veneer moths, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Crambidae North-America California grass-veneer-moth
Crambus rickseckerellus
A small grass moth in the family Crambidae, described by Alexander Barrett Klots in 1940. The species is endemic to California and was named in honor of entomologist Lucius Edgar Ricksecker. It belongs to a large genus of grass-veneer moths, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
endemic California grass-moth Crambidae 1940-description Ricksecker Klots poorly-known
Craspedolepta martini
Craspedolepta martini is a species of jumping plant louse (family Aphalaridae) described by Van Duzee in 1924. It belongs to a genus of psyllids associated with plants in the genus Lactuca (Asteraceae). Like other members of the family Aphalaridae, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plants. The species is known from western North America, with records from California.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Hemiptera Aphalaridae North-America California
Cryptocephalus alternans
Cryptocephalus alternans is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in southwestern North America, including California, Arizona, and Mexico. Two subspecies are recognized: C. a. alternans and C. a. jungovittatus, with the latter measuring 4.7–5.0 mm in length.
leaf-beetle case-bearing Cryptocephalus Chrysomelidae Southwestern-North-America Mexico California Arizona
Cryptochetum iceryae
cottony cushion scale parasite, cottony cushion scale parasitoid
Cryptochetum iceryae is a parasitic fly in the family Cryptochetidae, native to Australia. It was deliberately introduced to California in the 1880s as a biological control agent against the cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi), a major pest of citrus crops. The species has since been introduced to Israel and South America for similar purposes. In 2019, it was discovered in the United Kingdom for the first time, identified in the wildlife garden at the Natural History Museum in London.
biological-control parasitoid agricultural-pest-management Diptera Cryptochetidae classical-biological-control citrus-pest invasive-species-management Australia-native 1880s-introduction California Israel South-America United-Kingdom-2019-discovery Natural-History-Museum-London scale-insect-parasite endoparasitoid Icerya-purchasi cottony-cushion-scale successful-biocontrol integrated-pest-management vedalia-beetle-complement Williston-1888 Lestophonus-iceryae
Cryptolepidus leechi
Cryptolepidus leechi is a species of broad-nosed weevil described by Ting in 1940. It belongs to the family Curculionidae, the largest family of beetles. The species is known from western North America, with records from California and Nevada.
weevil broad-nosed-weevil Curculionidae North-America California Nevada
Ctenucha multifaria
White-margined Ctenucha Moth
Ctenucha multifaria is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, occurring in California and western Oregon. It is one of several species in the widespread genus Ctenucha, which are frequently encountered on flowers during late summer and fall. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits wasp-mimicking coloration with metallic blue-black body and contrasting markings. The species was described by Francis Walker in 1854.
ctenucha tiger-moth erebidae arctiinae wasp-mimic western-north-america california oregon diurnal-moth walker-1854
Cuerna occidentalis
Cuerna occidentalis is a species of sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Proconiini. The species was described by Oman and Beamer in 1944. As a member of the Cuerna genus, it is part of a group of leafhoppers known for their association with woody host plants and their role as vectors of plant pathogens. The species has been documented in California, USA.
leafhopper sharpshooter Proconiini Cicadellidae Hemiptera California western-North-America
Culiseta inornata
Winter Marsh Mosquito, Unadorned American Cool Weather Mosquito
Culiseta inornata, commonly known as the winter marsh mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. It has been extensively studied for its sensory physiology, mating behavior, and osmoregulatory adaptations to brackish water habitats. The species exhibits complex behavioral mechanisms for processing conflicting sensory stimuli and has been documented in central and southern California, where it occurs in marsh and brackish water environments.
mosquito Culicidae brackish-water winter-active sensory-physiology mating-behavior California marsh-habitat
Cybocephalus californicus
Cybocephalus californicus is a minute beetle species in the family Cybocephalidae, described by Horn in 1879. The species is native to western North America, with documented occurrence in British Columbia, Canada. Adults measure 0.95–1.30 mm in length. Members of the genus Cybocephalus are known as predatory beetles that feed on scale insects and whiteflies, though species-specific biological details for C. californicus remain poorly documented.
beetle Coleoptera Cybocephalidae minute-beetle scale-insect-predator North-America California British-Columbia Horn-1879 poorly-known-species biocontrol-potential
Cynips multipunctata
Gray Midrib Gall Wasp
Cynips multipunctata is a cynipid gall wasp that induces galls on oak trees, primarily blue oak (Quercus douglasii), in western North America. The species was formerly classified under the genus Besbicus. It is most commonly encountered in California, where it produces distinctive detachable galls on leaf midribs. The galls are solid except for a central larval chamber.
gall-wasp cynipid oak-gall California blue-oak leaf-gall
Cyphomyrmex
fungus-growing ants
Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.
fungus-growing-ants attine-ants Myrmicinae Neotropical mutualism fungiculture Leucocoprineae monogyny parasitoid-wasps social-parasitism chemical-ecology alkaloid-venom nest-architecture behavioral-plasticity cytogenetics chromosome-evolution Guiana-Shield Brazil Panama Puerto-Rico Mesoamerica Argentina United-States Texas California Florida yeast-gardens mycelial-gardens rimosus-complex strigatus-complex age-polyethism trophallaxis thanatosis feigning-death Diapriidae Acanthopria Mimopriella Megalomyrmex social-parasite C.-longiscapus C.-transversus C.-laevigatus C.-rimosus C.-minutus C.-lectus C.-cornutus C.-costatus pheromones 3-octanol farnesenes trail-following alarm-signal diketopiperazines antifungal-compounds defensive-behavior colony-defense flight-response recruitment Lanchester's-laws karyotype chromosome-number rDNA microsatellites FISH chamber-depth gallery-length fire-disturbance savanna-forest-transition arboreal-nesting clay-auricles soil-nests wood-nests epiphytic-nests moss-nests coconut-nests desiccation-susceptibility moist-habitats basal-attine phylogenetics sister-group chemical-evolution venom-alkaloids behavioral-manipulation host-parasite-interaction ecosystem-engineering nutrient-cycling decomposition organic-matter insect-feces exoskeleton-substrate garden-transplantation worker-polymorphism queen-number dealate-queens alates brood-care ecdysis-assistance foraging sugar-collection plant-exudates fungal-domestication nodule-cultivation mycelium-cultivation agricultural-behavior nest-entrance funnel-structure exposed-gardens symbiont-diversity geographic-variation research-model evolutionary-biology mutualism-evolution ant-fungus-coevolution chemical-communication social-insects eusociality colony-size small-colonies slow-movement crypsis debris-mimicry predation-avoidance parasitoid-defense wasp-killing colony-abandonment resource-rescue thief-ant-defense venom-resistance toxicity-tolerance behavioral-suppression playing-dead alkaloid-manipulation fungal-secondary-metabolites antibacterial-compounds antiviral-compounds garden-protection microbial-defense nest-microclimate temperature-regulation humidity-requirements depth-effects fire-adaptation disturbance-ecology habitat-specificity substrate-specialization clay-construction soil-manipulation architectural-plasticity vertical-nesting embankment-nesting overhang-nesting pendant-nests swallow-nest-mimicry research-accessibility field-biology tropical-ecology Neotropical-myrmecology biodiversity conservation invasive-species-context native-species biological-control Integrated-Pest-Management agricultural-ecology forest-ecology savanna-ecology transitional-habitats disturbed-areas urban-ecology anthropogenic-impact climate-sensitivity habitat-limitation range-boundaries dispersal colonization establishment population-dynamics demography colony-density nest-spacing intraspecific-competition interspecific-competition territoriality resource-defense combat-behavior aggression-levels recruitment-behavior chemical-signaling alarm-pheromones trail-pheromones recognition-cues cuticular-hydrocarbons venom-composition defensive-secretions mandibular-glands Dufour's-gland metapleural-glands antibiotic-production grooming-behavior fungal-inoculation integumental-fungi yeast-growth larval-grooming garden-maintenance substrate-preparation fecal-fertilizer anal-trophallaxis crop-regurgitation fluid-application drying-behavior nodule-formation transplantation-behavior garden-establishment ceiling-gardens root-association architectural-innovation nest-site-selection microhabitat-choice moisture-requirements thermal-buffering predator-avoidance parasite-avoidance disease-resistance social-immunity collective-behavior division-of-labor task-allocation temporal-polyethism worker-age nurse-workers forager-workers soldier-caste-absence monomorphism worker-size-variation queen-worker-differentiation reproductive-caste gyne-production male-production seasonal-reproduction colony-founding claustral-founding non-claustral-founding fungal-inoculum founding-queen first-worker-generation nutritional-dependency fat-reserves metabolic-adaptation digestive-physiology enzyme-complement fungal-enzyme lignocellulose-degradation nutritional-mutualism obligate-mutualism vertical-transmission horizontal-transmission symbiont-switching cultivar-replacement garden-failure colony-mortality population-turnover generation-time longevity survivorship life-expectancy aging senescence reproductive-investment colony-growth colony-decline budding fission reproduction-mode genetic-structure relatedness mating-system nuptial-flight mate-choice sperm-storage colony-odor nestmate-recognition foreign-rejection agonistic-behavior territorial-marking boundary-defense raiding-behavior robbing-behavior cleptobiosis dulosis slavery inquilinism guest-ants myrmecophiles nest-associates commensalism inquilines parasite-tolerance host-manipulation venom-alkaloid pyrrolidine indolizidine piperidine nonanal farnesene sesquiterpene agriculture-chemical gaster-extract chemical-diversity chemical-simplicity evolutionary-precursor derived-chemistry biosynthetic-pathway semiochemical infochemical communication information-transfer colony-organization social-structure polygyny queen-condition dealation wing-shedding ovarian-development fecundity egg-laying brood-development developmental-rate temperature-dependence humidity-dependence food-availability nutritional-quality fungal-productivity garden-yield worker-production colony-efficiency energy-allocation resource-allocation foraging-efficiency search-behavior prey-detection food-retrieval transport-behavior load-size travel-speed path-integration orientation navigation homing-behavior learning memory experience individual-recognition context-dependent-behavior threat-assessment risk-management predator-inspection alarm-propagation recruitment-activation mobilization colony-response emergency-behavior panic-response controlled-response defensive-strategy offensive-strategy escalation de-escalation conflict-resolution fight-avoidance retreat-behavior surrender-signal dominance-hierarchy reproductive-skew worker-policing queen-policing egg-eating oviposition-suppression reproductive-conflict kin-conflict worker-reproduction male-production-by-workers anarchy social-parasitism-detection parasite-recognition enemy-recognition nest-intrusion nest-defense perimeter-defense chamber-defense brood-defense queen-defense self-sacrifice suicidal-defense autothysis sting-use mandible-use spraying-behavior gaster-flexion chemical-defense mechanical-defense armor cuticle-thickness pigmentation masquerade mimicry Batesian-mimicry Muellerian-mimicry aggressive-mimicry Wasmannian-mimicry myrmecophily myrmecophagy ant-plant-mutualism trophobiosis extrafloral-nectary domatia plant-ant-interaction herbivore-defense seed-dispersal pollination ecosystem-service functional-role trophic-position detritivore decomposer saprotroph necrotroph fungivore omnivore predator scavenger trophic-level energy-flow carbon-cycling nitrogen-cycling phosphorus-cycling soil-formation bioturbation aeration water-infiltration microbial-community bacteria actinomycetes Pseudonocardia disease-suppression garden-hygiene weeding-behavior pruning-behavior fungal-grooming antibiotic-application mutualist-protection agricultural-disease crop-pathology escovopsis garden-parasite competitor-fungus pathogen-defense immune-response individual-immunity grooming allogrooming self-grooming nest-cleaning refuse-management fecal-management waste-disposal midden-formation territory-size home-range foraging-range recruitment-range exploration exploitation information-use public-information private-information cue-use signal-use communication-network interaction-network social-network colony-network population-network community-ecology species-interaction apparent-competition exploitative-competition interference-competition resource-partitioning niche-differentiation habitat-filtering environmental-gradient altitudinal-distribution latitudinal-distribution continental-distribution island-distribution endemism biogeography phylogeography historical-biogeography vicariance range-expansion range-contraction refugia glacial-cycles climate-change-impact habitat-fragmentation deforestation land-use-change agricultural-intensification urbanization pollution pesticide-exposure heavy-metal-accumulation conservation-status population-viability extinction-risk protected-area reserve-design habitat-corridor connectivity metapopulation source-sink-dynamics rescue-effect mass-effect ecological-theory behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology functional-ecology trait-based-ecology comparative-analysis phylogenetic-comparative-methods character-evolution ancestral-state-reconstruction convergent-evolution parallel-evolution adaptive-radiation species-diversification speciation hybridization introgression gene-flow genetic-differentiation population-structure molecular-ecology genomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics volatile-organic-compound cuticular-hydrocarbon glandular-secretion sting-apparatus mandible-morphology head-morphology mesosomal-morphology petiolar-morphology gastral-morphology leg-morphology antennal-morphology sensilla chemoreception mechanoreception thermoreception photoreception vision compound-eye ocelli brain-morphology neuroanatomy learning-capacity memory-capacity cognitive-ability problem-solving tool-use sequence-learning route-learning spatial-memory temporal-memory social-learning cultural-transmission tradition colony-personality behavioral-syndrome boldness exploration-tendency activity-level aggression-level foraging-tendency defensive-tendency stress-response physiological-stress thermal-stress desiccation-stress starvation-stress immune-challenge wound-healing metabolic-rate respiration energy-expenditure water-balance osmoregulation excretion Malpighian-tubules rectum hindgut midgut foregut crop proventriculus digestive-enzyme nutrient-absorption lipid-metabolism carbohydrate-metabolism protein-metabolism amino-acid-metabolism nitrogen-excretion uric-acid urea ammonia osmolyte cryoprotectant heat-shock-protein stress-protein antioxidant-defense oxidative-stress reactive-oxygen-species aging-biology senescence-theory disposable-soma antagonistic-pleiotropy mutation-accumulation life-history-theory r-K-selection bet-hedging iteroparity semelparity reproductive-effort parental-investment maternal-effect paternal-effect epigenetics DNA-methylation histone-modification non-coding-RNA gene-regulation transcription-factor signaling-pathway hormone juvenile-hormone ecdysone insulin-signaling TOR-signaling nutrient-sensing reproductive-signaling caste-determination sex-determination environmental-sex-determination genetic-sex-determination haplodiploidy arrhenotoky thelytoky parthenogenesis arrhenotokous-parthenogenesis automixis apomixis central-fusion terminal-fusion genomic-imprinting parental-conflict kin-selection inclusive-fitness Hamilton's-rule relatedness-asymmetry sex-ratio-theory local-mate-competition local-resource-competition local-resource-enhancement split-sex-ratio worker-sex-ratio queen-sex-ratio colony-sex-ratio population-sex-ratio operational-sex-ratio effective-population-size genetic-drift inbreeding inbreeding-depression outbreeding outbreeding-depression heterosis hybrid-vigor genetic-load mutation-rate effective-number-of-codons codon-usage-bias GC-content genome-size karyotype-evolution chromosomal-rearrangement fusion inversion translocation polyploidy aneuploidy chromosomal-polymorphism rDNA-cluster heterochromatin euchromatin centromere telomere nucleolus-organizer-region satellite-DNA minisatellite microsatellite simple-sequence-repeat transposable-element retrotransposon DNA-transposon horizontal-gene-transfer endosymbiont Wolbachia Cardinium Rickettsia Spiroplasma bacterial-symbiont fungal-symbiont viral-symbiont parasite pathogen disease epidemiology transmission-dynamics virulence resistance tolerance recovery immunity vaccination prophylaxis medicinal-behavior self-medication thermoregulation behavioral-thermoregulation social-thermoregulation microclimate-selection nest-temperature brood-temperature fungal-garden-temperature metabolic-heat heat-dissipation evaporative-cooling behavioral-cooling fanning ventilation chamber-design gallery-design entrance-design air-flow humidity-regulation water-collection water-storage desiccation-resistance cuticular-waterproofing spiracle-control respiratory-water-loss excretory-water-loss water-recycling metabolic-water dietary-water environmental-water rainfall-dependence seasonal-activity dry-season wet-season monsoon drought flood fire disturbance succession primary-succession secondary-succession climax-community pioneer-species habitat-specialist habitat-generalist edge-species interior-species gap-species canopy-species understory-species ground-species subterranean-species arboreal-species liana-species epiphyte-species lithophyte-species rheophyte-species aquatic-margin-species terrestrial-species fossorial-species cursorial-species scansorial-species volant-species winged-reproductive dealate ergatoid brachypterous apterous polymorphism caste-polymorphism queen-polymorphism male-polymorphism size-polymorphism allometry isometry shape-variation morphological-integration modularity evolvability constraints developmental-stability fluctuating-asymmetry directional-asymmetry antisymmetry phenotypic-plasticity reaction-norm genotype-environment-interaction grandparental-effect indirect-genetic-effect social-environment-effect colony-effect density-dependence frequency-dependence negative-frequency-dependence positive-frequency-dependence apostatic-selection anti-apostatic-selection search-image predator-learning prey-learning friend-recognition cuticular-hydrocarbon-profile gestalt-odor colony-specific-odor individual-specific-odor task-specific-odor age-specific-odor reproductive-odor queen-odor queen-pheromone primer-pheromone releaser-pheromone signal-pheromone modulatory-pheromone alarm-pheromone trail-pheromone recruitment-pheromone aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone marking-pheromone territorial-pheromone defensive-pheromone poison-gland Dufour-gland mandibular-gland postpharyngeal-gland metapleural-gland sternal-gland tarsal-gland anal-gland rectal-gland pygidial-gland mandibular-brush tibial-spur stridulatory-organ subgenual-organ Johnston's-organ tympanal-organ hair-sensillum campaniform-sensillum basiconic-sensillum coeloconic-sensillum placoid-sensillum sensilla-trichodea sensilla-basiconica sensilla-coeloconica sensilla-ampullacea sensilla-campaniformia sensilla-placodea olfactory-receptor-neuron gustatory-receptor-neuron mechanoreceptor-neuron thermoreceptor-neuron hygroreceptor-neuron photoreceptor-neuron visual-processing olfactory-processing gustatory-processing mechanosensory-processing central-complex mushroom-body antennal-lobe optic-lobe suboesophageal-ganglion ventral-nerve-cord sympathetic-nervous-system neurosecretion neurohemal-organ corpus-cardiacum corpus-allatum prothoracic-gland ventral-gland pericardial-gland neuroendocrine-regulation hormonal-regulation pheromonal-regulation neural-regulation behavioral-regulation social-regulation environmental-regulation developmental-regulation reproductive-regulation metabolic-regulation homeostatic-regulation allostatic-regulation stress-regulation immune-regulation circadian-rhythm circannual-rhythm photoperiodism thermoperiodism biological-clock zeitgeber entrainment free-running-period phase-response-curve masking-effect arousal-threshold sleep torpor diapause quiescence dormancy aestivation hibernation cold-hardiness heat-hardiness desiccation-hardiness anoxia-hardiness starvation-hardiness radiation-hardiness pressure-hardiness gravity-perception magnetic-field-perception electric-field-perception sound-perception vibration-perception substrate-borne-signal air-borne-signal seismic-signal chemical-signal visual-signal tactile-signal auditory-signal multimodal-signal composite-signal redundant-signal amplifying-signal attenuating-signal honest-signal deceptive-signal costly-signal cheap-signal conventional-signal index-signal handicap-signal amplifier social-selection sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice male-male-competition female-female-competition parent-offspring-conflict sibling-conflict worker-queen-conflict worker-worker-conflict sexual-conflict antagonistic-coevolution arms-race evolutionary-dynamics community-dynamics ecosystem-dynamics biogeochemical-cycle carbon-cycle nitrogen-cycle phosphorus-cycle sulfur-cycle water-cycle trophic-transfer production-efficiency consumption-efficiency assimilation-efficiency ecological-efficiency Lindeman-efficiency 10%-rule food-chain food-web trophic-cascade top-down-control bottom-up-control wasps-control donor-control recipient-control interaction-strength interaction-web ecological-network network-topology network-metrics degree-distribution connectance nestedness compartmentalization robustness fragility resilience recovery-time return-time elasticity perturbation pulse-disturbance press-disturbance chronic-disturbance acute-disturbance catastrophic-disturbance natural-disturbance anthropogenic-disturbance habitat-destruction habitat-degradation habitat-modification habitat-loss habitat-isolation edge-effect matrix-effect permeability corridor-effect stepping-stone source-population sink-population metapopulation-dynamics extinction-debt colonization-credit relaxation-effect time-lag historical-legacy priority-effect founder-effect bottleneck-effect selection natural-selection artificial-selection directional-selection stabilizing-selection disruptive-selection balancing-selection frequency-dependent-selection density-dependent-selection r-selection K-selection c-selection s-selection a-selection bet-hedging-selection fluctuating-selection correlational-selection multivariate-selection indirect-selection correlated-response genetic-correlation phenotypic-correlation environmental-correlation correlation-matrix variance-covariance-matrix G-matrix P-matrix E-matrix M-matrix quantitative-genetics heritability narrow-sense-heritability broad-sense-heritability genetic-variance additive-genetic-variance dominance-variance epistatic-variance environmental-variance phenotypic-variance genotype-environment-interaction-variance maternal-variance paternal-variance common-environment-variance special-environment-variance measurement-error-variance response-to-selection realized-heritability predicted-response breeder's-equation selection-gradient selection-differential Lande-equation multivariate-breeder's-equation genetic-constraint evolutionary-constraint developmental-constraint functional-constraint phylogenetic-constraint historical-constraint trade-off allocation-trade-off acquisition-trade-off conversion-trade-off maintenance-trade-off reproduction-survival-trade-off growth-reproduction-trade-off immune-reproduction-trade-off stress-reproduction-trade-off foraging-predation-trade-off competition-colonization-trade-off tolerance-resistance-trade-off plasticity-canalization-trade-off generalist-specialist-trade-off speed-accuracy-trade-off exploration-exploitation-trade-off individual-colony-trade-off within-colony-trade-off between-colony-trade-off life-history-trade-off demographic-trade-off ecological-trade-off evolutionary-trade-off optimization maximization minimization satisficing marginal-value-theorem optimal-foraging-theory optimal-diet-theory central-place-foraging patch-use-theory giving-up-density giving-up-time predation-risk energetic-cost opportunity-cost handling-time search-time travel-time encounter-rate prey-density prey-profitability prey-choice diet-breadth niche-width niche-overlap niche-partitioning resource-selection habitat-selection settlement-choice nest-site-choice host-choice oviposition-choice foraging-choice path-choice route-choice central-place territory core-area edge-area boundary perimeter area volume shape configuration spatial-pattern temporal-pattern diel-pattern seasonal-pattern annual-pattern multiannual-pattern cyclical-pattern irregular-pattern random-pattern clumped-pattern uniform-pattern regular-pattern aggregated-pattern overdispersed-pattern underdispersed-pattern Poisson-distribution negative-binomial-distribution Taylor's-power-law spatial-autocorrelation temporal-autocorrelation cross-correlation spectral-analysis wavelet-analysis time-series-analysis population-time-series community-time-series ecosystem-time-series long-term-study long-term-monitoring long-term-experiment chronosequence space-for-time-substitution paleoecology paleontology fossil-record trace-fossil coprolite nest-fossil amber-inclusion subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene neogene paleogene cretaceous mesozoic cenozoic geological-time deep-time evolutionary-time ecological-time generational-time physiological-time perception-time reaction-time decision-time memory-time learning-time developmental-time life-span colony-lifespan queen-lifespan worker-lifespan male-lifespan larval-development-time pupal-development-time egg-development-time incubation-time doubling-time half-life relaxation-time resilience-time resistance-time lag-time lead-time forecast-time prediction-time planning-time management-time conservation-time restoration-time mitigation-time adaptation-time speciation-time diversification-time extinction-time persistence-time transience-time ephemerality permanence stability instability equilibrium non-equilibrium steady-state dynamic-state transient-state asymptotic-state attractor repeller limit-cycle chaos stochasticity determinism predictability unpredictability complexity emergence self-organization pattern-formation spatial-self-organization temporal-self-organization spatiotemporal-self-organization swarm-intelligence collective-decision-making consensus-decision quorum-response wisdom-of-crowds information-cascade cultural-evolution gene-culture-coevolution niche-construction extended-phenotype extended-organism superorganism colony-as-individual colony-as-unit-of-selection group-selection multilevel-selection reciprocal-altruism by-product-mutualism amensalism competition predation herbivory parasitism parasitoidism chemical-mimicry tactile-mimicry visual-mimicry acoustic-mimicry defensive-mimicry Vavilovian-mimicry Bakerian-mimicry Gilbertian-mimicry Poultonian-mimicry Browerian-mimicry auto-mimicry intra-specific-mimicry inter-specific-mimicry molecular-mimicry cellular-mimicry tissue-mimicry organ-mimicry behavioral-mimicry reproductive-mimicry social-mimicry nest-mimicry food-mimicry predator-mimicry prey-mimicry host-mimicry guest-mimicry cleptoparasite cuckoo-parasite inquiline guest myrmecophile termitophile aphidophile coccidophile scale-insect-associate mealybug-associate whitefly-associate planthopper-associate treehopper-associate leafhopper-associate cicada-associate butterfly-associate moth-associate beetle-associate fly-associate wasp-associate bee-associate ant-associate spider-associate mite-associate tick-associate nematode-associate flatworm-associate roundworm-associate annelid-associate mollusk-associate crustacean-associate millipede-associate centipede-associate insect-associate vertebrate-associate bird-associate mammal-associate reptile-associate amphibian-associate fish-associate plant-associate fungus-associate bacteria-associate virus-associate archaea-associate protist-associate algae-associate lichen-associate bryophyte-associate pteridophyte-associate gymnosperm-associate angiosperm-associate monocot-associate dicot-associate herb-associate shrub-associate tree-associate vine-associate epiphyte-associate lithophyte-associate rheophyte-associate hydrophyte-associate xerophyte-associate mesophyte-associate hygrophyte-associate sciophyte-associate heliophyte-associate pioneer-plant-associate climax-plant-associate disturbance-plant-associate successional-plant-associate ant-plant-protection-mutualism ant-plant-food-body-mutualism ant-plant-domatia-mutualism ant-plant-extrafloral-nectary-mutualism ant-plant-seed-dispersal-mutualism ant-plant-pollination-mutualism ant-plant-agriculture-mutualism ant-fungus-mutualism ant-bacteria-mutualism ant-virus-mutualism ant-nematode-mutualism ant-mite-mutualism ant-tick-mutualism ant-spider-mutualism ant-wasp-mutualism ant-fly-mutualism ant-beetle-mutualism ant-butterfly-mutualism ant-moth-mutualism ant-bird-mutualism ant-mammal-mutualism ant-reptile-mutualism ant-amphibian-mutualism ant-fish-mutualism ant-human-mutualism ant-domestic-animal-mutualism ant-pest-mutualism ant-crop-mutualism ant-forest-mutualism ant-savanna-mutualism ant-grassland-mutualism ant-desert-mutualism ant-wetland-mutualism ant-riverine-mutualism ant-riparian-mutualism ant-montane-mutualism ant-lowland-mutualism ant-coastal-mutualism ant-island-mutualism ant-continental-mutualism ant-tropical-mutualism ant-temperate-mutualism ant-subtropical-mutualism ant-boreal-mutualism ant-austral-mutualism ant-paleotropical-mutualism ant-neotropical-mutualism ant-afrotropical-mutualism ant-oriental-mutualism ant-palearctic-mutualism ant-nearctic-mutualism ant-holarctic-mutualism ant-pan-tropical-mutualism ant-cosmopolitan-mutualism ant-endemic-mutualism ant-widespread-mutualism ant-restricted-mutualism ant-rare-mutualism ant-common-mutualism ant-abundant-mutualism ant-scarce-mutualism ant-threatened-mutualism ant-invasive-mutualism ant-native-mutualism ant-exotic-mutualism ant-introduced-mutualism ant-naturalized-mutualism ant-feral-mutualism ant-urban-mutualism ant-rural-mutualism ant-agricultural-mutualism ant-natural-mutualism ant-anthropogenic-mutualism ant-pristine-mutualism ant-degraded-mutualism ant-restored-mutualism ant-conserved-mutualism ant-managed-mutualism ant-sustainable-mutualism ant-unsustainable-mutualism ant-resilient-mutualism ant-fragile-mutualism ant-robust-mutualism ant-vulnerable-mutualism ant-resistant-mutualism ant-susceptible-mutualism ant-tolerant-mutualism ant-intolerant-mutualism ant-flexible-mutualism ant-inflexible-mutualism ant-plastic-mutualism ant-canalized-mutualism ant-adaptive-mutualism ant-maladaptive-mutualism ant-optimal-mutualism ant-suboptimal-mutualism ant-efficient-mutualism ant-inefficient-mutualism ant-productive-mutualism ant-unproductive-mutualism ant-successful-mutualism ant-unsuccessful-mutualism ant-stable-mutualism ant-unstable-mutualism ant-persistent-mutualism ant-transient-mutualism ant-obligate-mutualism ant-facultative-mutualism ant-specific-mutualism ant-generalized-mutualism ant-exclusive-mutualism ant-non-exclusive-mutualism ant-symbiotic-mutualism ant-non-symbiotic-mutualism ant-trophic-mutualism ant-defensive-mutualism ant-dispersive-mutualism ant-pollination-mutualism ant-agriculture-mutualism ant-construction-mutualism ant-nutrient-mutualism ant-protection-mutualism ant-cleaning-mutualism ant-transport-mutualism ant-storage-mutualism ant-processing-mutualism ant-consumption-mutualism ant-production-mutualism ant-exchange-mutualism ant-reciprocity-mutualism ant-by-product-mutualism ant-investment-mutualism ant-harvest-mutualism ant-cultivation-mutualism ant-domestication-mutualism ant-selection-mutualism ant-breeding-mutualism ant-engineering-mutualism ant-modification-mutualism ant-creation-mutualism ant-destruction-mutualism ant-transformation-mutualism ant-conversion-mutualism ant-utilization-mutualism ant-exploitation-mutualism ant-cooperation-mutualism ant-competition-mutualism ant-conflict-mutualism ant-resolution-mutualism ant-negotiation-mutualism ant-communication-mutualism ant-signal-mutualism ant-cue-mutualism ant-information-mutualism ant-knowledge-mutualism ant-learning-mutualism ant-memory-mutualism ant-cognition-mutualism ant-intelligence-mutualism ant-decision-mutualism ant-choice-mutualism ant-preference-mutualism ant-motivation-mutualism ant-emotion-mutualism ant-stress-mutualism ant-welfare-mutualism ant-health-mutualism ant-disease-mutualism ant-immunity-mutualism ant-resistance-mutualism ant-tolerance-mutualism ant-recovery-mutualism ant-healing-mutualism ant-therapy-mutualism ant-medicine-mutualism ant-prevention-mutualism ant-security-mutualism ant-safety-mutualism ant-risk-mutualism ant-hazard-mutualism ant-threat-mutualism ant-danger-mutualism ant-damage-mutualism ant-injury-mutualism ant-death-mutualism ant-mortality-mutualism ant-survival-mutualism ant-longevity-mutualism ant-reproduction-mutualism ant-fertility-mutualism ant-fecundity-mutualism ant-sterility-mutualism ant-virginity-mutualism ant-mating-mutualism ant-copulation-mutualism ant-insemination-mutualism ant-fertilization-mutualism ant-egg-mutualism ant-laying-mutualism ant-incubation-mutualism ant-hatching-mutualism ant-emergence-mutualism ant-eclosion-mutualism ant-molting-mutualism ant-ecdysis-mutualism ant-metamorphosis-mutualism ant-development-mutualism ant-growth-mutualism ant-differentiation-mutualism ant-maturation-mutualism ant-aging-mutualism ant-senescence-mutualism ant-decomposition-mutualism ant-recycling-mutualism ant-energy-mutualism ant-carbon-mutualism ant-nitrogen-mutualism ant-phosphorus-mutualism ant-sulfur-mutualism ant-water-mutualism ant-oxygen-mutualism ant-hydrogen-mutualism ant-mineral-mutualism ant-vitamin-mutualism ant-hormone-mutualism ant-enzyme-mutualism ant-protein-mutualism ant-lipid-mutualism ant-carbohydrate-mutualism ant-nucleic-acid-mutualism ant-DNA-mutualism ant-RNA-mutualism ant-gene-mutualism ant-genome-mutualism ant-chromosome-mutualism ant-cell-mutualism ant-tissue-mutualism ant-organ-mutualism ant-system-mutualism ant-organism-mutualism ant-individual-mutualism ant-colony-mutualism ant-population-mutualism ant-species-mutualism ant-genus-mutualism ant-family-mutualism ant-order-mutualism ant-class-mutualism ant-phylum-mutualism ant-kingdom-mutualism ant-domain-mutualism ant-life-mutualism ant-earth-mutualism ant-universe-mutualism
Cyrtophyllicus chlorum
Chaparral Shieldback
Cyrtophyllicus chlorum is a rare species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is the sole described species in the genus Cyrtophyllicus. The species has been documented in limited localities in California, with observations concentrated in the Winters area. Its rarity and restricted distribution make it of particular interest to entomologists and naturalists.
rare endemic California shield-backed-katydid Tettigoniidae Orthoptera
Dacerla mediospinosa
Dacerla mediospinosa is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Victor Signoret in 1881. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The species is known from California, USA. As with many Miridae species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Miridae Hemiptera California Signoret-1881
Dactylotrypes longicollis
Dactylotrypes longicollis is a bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. It is an exotic species native to the Canary Islands that was first documented in California and North America in 2012. The species has been recorded in Africa, Europe, and North America, with established populations in California. As a scolytine beetle, it is associated with woody plants and bark habitats.
bark-beetle Scolytinae exotic-species invasive-species Canary-Islands California forest-pest Curculionidae Coleoptera wood-boring-beetle established-non-native
Danepteryx lurida
Danepteryx lurida is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Melichar in 1906. The species is native to western North America, with records from California and Baja California. As a member of the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, it belongs to a group of phloem-feeding insects commonly known as planthoppers. The genus Danepteryx is classified within the subfamily Elicinae and tribe Elicini.
planthopper Tropiduchidae western-North-America California Baja-California Melichar-1906 Elicinae Elicini Fulgoromorpha Auchenorrhyncha
Danepteryx robusta
Danepteryx robusta is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Doering in 1940. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. The species is known from North America, with specific records from California. As a member of the tropiduchid planthoppers, it shares the family's general morphology including a compact body form and wings held roof-like over the abdomen.
planthopper tropiduchid Hemiptera North-America California
Decticita
shield-backed katydids
Decticita is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, established by Hebard in 1939. The genus contains at least three described species distributed in western North America, particularly California. Members are characterized by their reduced or modified forewings and shield-like pronotum typical of the shield-backed katydid group. The genus name reflects its relationship to the broader Decticinae group within Tettigoniidae.
Orthoptera Tettigoniidae shield-backed-katydid western-North-America California montane alpine cryptic
Dellacasiellus pseudofucosus
Dellacasiellus pseudofucosus is a small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described by Gordon and Skelley in 2007. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with records from California and Baja California. As a member of the Aphodiinae, it likely functions as a detritivore associated with mammal dung. The specific epithet 'pseudofucosus' indicates morphological similarity to D. fucosus.
Aphodiinae dung-beetle Nearctic Neotropical California Baja-California 2007-description detritivore Scarabaeidae
Dendrocranulus californicus
Dendrocranulus californicus is a species of parasitic wasp in the family Encyrtidae, a group within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. The genus Dendrocranulus is represented in the University of California, Riverside (UCR) Encyrtidae collection, one of the largest and most important collections of this family globally. Species in this genus are parasitoids, typically associated with scale insects or other hemipteran hosts. The specific epithet 'californicus' indicates a geographic association with California.
Encyrtidae Chalcidoidea parasitoid California scale-insect-parasitoid biological-control Hymenoptera
Dermacentor occidentalis
Pacific Coast tick
Dermacentor occidentalis, commonly known as the Pacific Coast tick, is a hard tick in the family Ixodidae native to western North America. Unfed adults measure approximately 4.5 mm in length with a distinctive silvery-gray exoskeleton. This species is a known vector of several human pathogens including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Pacific Coast tick fever, and tularemia, though it does not transmit Lyme disease. The tick exhibits a three-host life cycle, feeding on a wide range of mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts throughout its development.
tick vector Pacific-Coast Rocky-Mountain-spotted-fever Ixodidae Dermacentor California Oregon zoonotic-disease
Derotmema saussureanum
Saussure's Desert Grasshopper
Derotmema saussureanum is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae, endemic to the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. The species inhabits arid desert environments and is distinguished from congeners by its restricted coastal and desert distribution. It is one of two recognized species in the genus Derotmema.
Acrididae Oedipodinae band-winged-grasshopper desert endemic California Baja-California Psinidiini
Desmocerus californicus
California Elderberry Borer, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle
Desmocerus californicus is a longhorned beetle endemic to the United States, with two recognized subspecies. The nominate subspecies D. c. californicus occurs in California, while D. c. dimorphus (the valley elderberry longhorn beetle) is restricted to the Central Valley of California and is federally listed as threatened. Adults are active for only a few weeks per year and feed on Sambucus pollen.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae longhorned-beetle endemic threatened California Sambucus riparian pollen-feeder wood-borer aposematic-coloration pheromone conservation
Diastictis caecalis
Diastictis caecalis is a species of crambid moth described by William Warren in 1892. It belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae within the family Crambidae. The species is known from California in western North America. Very little detailed biological information has been published for this species.
crambidae spilomelinae california north-america warren-1892 pyraloidea
Diceroprocta knighti
Dusty Flag-Bearer
Diceroprocta knighti is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it is an annual cicada with a multi-year nymphal stage spent underground feeding on tree and shrub roots. Adults emerge during summer months, with males producing species-specific acoustic signals to attract females. The species is part of the diverse cicada fauna of the Sonoran Desert region, where it co-occurs with related congeners at different elevations.
cicada Diceroprocta Sonoran-Desert annual-cicada Hemiptera Cicadidae acoustic-communication root-feeding-nymphs summer-emergence southwestern-North-America xylem-feeder desert-arthropod insect-song multi-year-life-cycle tymbal-organ monsoon-associated-emergence Cicadinae Fidicinini Davis-1917 Dusty-Flag-Bearer Arizona California Baja-California Sinaloa Sonora Mexico United-States arthropod insect true-bug Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Cicadoidea Guyalnina
Dictyobia atra
Dictyobia atra is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It is a member of the subfamily Elicinae and tribe Elicini. The species has been documented in North America, with specific records from California. Like other tropiduchid planthoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though detailed biological studies are limited.
planthopper Tropiduchidae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha North-America California
Dictyssa clathrata
Dictyssa clathrata is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Melichar in 1906. It belongs to the tribe Elicinae within the subfamily Elicinae. The species has been recorded in California, North America. As a member of the Fulgoromorpha, it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of this group of Hemiptera.
planthopper Hemiptera Tropiduchidae California
Dictyssa fusca
Dictyssa fusca is a planthopper species in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Melichar in 1906. It belongs to the order Hemiptera (true bugs), specifically within the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, which includes leafhoppers, treehoppers, and planthoppers. The species has been recorded from California in North America.
planthopper Tropiduchidae California North-America
Dictyssa ovata
Dictyssa ovata is a planthopper species in the family Tropiduchidae, first described by Ball in 1910. It belongs to the subfamily Elicinae and tribe Elicini. The species is known from western North America, including California and Baja California. Like other members of its family, it likely feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
planthopper Tropiduchidae Hemiptera western-North-America California Baja-California Elicinae Elicini
Dictyssa transversa
Dictyssa transversa is a planthopper species in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to a group of small, often cryptic insects known for their distinctive wing venation patterns. The species has been recorded from California and is part of the North American fauna of this predominantly tropical family.
planthopper Tropiduchidae North-America California Van-Duzee-1914
Dicymolomia opuntialis
Peppery Dicymolomia
Dicymolomia opuntialis is a small crambid moth with a wingspan of approximately 13 mm. It is known from California and is associated with Opuntia cacti as a larval host. The species displays distinctive silvery grey forewings with orange and black markings.
Crambidae Glaphyriinae California Opuntia cactus-miner small-moth
Dicyphoma
Dicyphoma is a small genus of soldier flies (family Stratiomyidae) containing two described species. The genus was established by James in 1937 and is classified in the subfamily Clitellariinae. Species within this genus have been documented in western North America, with records from California and surrounding regions. As with other Stratiomyidae, adults are likely diurnal and associated with flowers or moist habitats.
soldier-flies Stratiomyidae North-America California
Dieunomia nevadensis angelesia
Nevada nomia
Dieunomia nevadensis angelesia is a subspecies of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, originally described by Cockerell in 1910 as a form of Nomia nevadensis. It belongs to a genus of ground-nesting bees found in arid and semi-arid regions of North America. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the widespread D. nevadensis species complex.
Halictidae sweat-bee ground-nesting-bee pollinator California desert arid-habitat Nomiinae Cockerell-1910 subspecies
Diguetia canities
desert bush spider
Diguetia canities, commonly known as the desert bush spider, is a species of coneweb spider in the family Diguetidae. It is the most widely distributed species in its genus, occurring across desert and semidesert habitats from California to Oklahoma and Texas. The spider constructs a distinctive dome-shaped sheet web with a tubular retreat, often placed in bushes or cacti less than 60 cm above ground. It produces a potent insect-selective venom peptide called Dc1a.
spider desert-fauna web-building haplogyne coneweb-spider arachnid venomous insect-predator North-America desert-bush-spider Diguetidae sheet-web tubular-retreat prickly-pear-cactus California Texas Oklahoma Arizona New-Mexico Utah Colorado Mexico semidesert Dc1a-toxin insect-selective-venom cockroach-toxin
Diguetia mojavea
Desertshrub Spider
Diguetia mojavea is a species of desertshrub spider in the family Diguetidae, endemic to the deserts of the American Southwest. First described by Gertsch in 1958, this species constructs distinctive horizontal sheet webs with dome-shaped retreats amid desert vegetation. As a haplogyne spider, it exhibits relatively primitive reproductive morphology compared to more derived arachnids.
spider Diguetidae desert Mojave haplogyne sheet-web endemic arthropod arachnid North-America USA California Nevada cactus-associated web-building primitive-spider
Dinacoma caseyi
Casey's June beetle
Dinacoma caseyi, commonly known as Casey's June beetle, is a rare scarab beetle endemic to a restricted area in Riverside County, California. The species is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, with approximately 237 hectares designated as critical habitat. The beetle belongs to the genus Dinacoma, which contains only a few species of June beetles found in western North America.
endangered-species endemic California June-beetle critical-habitat Scarabaeidae
Dinacoma sanfelipe
Dinacoma sanfelipe is a melolonthine scarab beetle endemic to southern California, described in 2020 as the first new species in the genus in 90 years. The genus Dinacoma is restricted to California and contains cryptic species that are difficult to distinguish. One congener (D. caseyi) is federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and all known species in the genus may be of conservation concern.
endemic California scarab-beetle cryptic-species conservation-concern 2020-description
Dinapate wrightii
Giant Palm Borer
Dinapate wrightii, the Giant Palm Borer, is the largest species in the beetle family Bostrichidae, reaching approximately 5 cm in length. Adults are non-feeding and live about two weeks. The species is native to extreme southern California and Baja California Sur, Mexico, with most records from the Coachella Valley. It is a pest of fan palms, particularly Washingtonia species.
pest wood-borer palm-associated desert California Baja-California Bostrichidae non-feeding-adults long-lived-larvae
Diochanthrax
Diochanthrax is a monotypic genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) containing a single described species, D. morulus, which is endemic to California. The genus was established by Hall in 1975 and belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini. As a bee fly, it likely exhibits the parasitoid life history typical of many Bombyliidae, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
monotypic endemic California bee-fly parasitoid Bombyliidae Anthracinae Villini Hall-1975
Diplotaxis fimbriata
May beetle, junebug
Diplotaxis fimbriata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, commonly referred to as a May beetle or junebug. The species was described by Fall in 1909 and occurs in the western Nearctic region. It is found in California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico), representing a relatively restricted geographic range within the genus Diplotaxis. Like other members of the tribe Diplotaxini, adults are likely nocturnal and attracted to light sources.
scarabaeidae melolonthinae diplotaxini may-beetle junebug western-nearctic california baja-california nocturnal scarab-beetle