Anthracinae
Guides
Anthrax atriplex
Anthrax atriplex is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, described by Marston in 1970. Members of the genus Anthrax are parasitoid flies whose larvae develop on or within host insects. The genus is notably associated with tiger beetle larvae (Cicindelinae) and other ground-nesting insects. Adult bee flies typically visit flowers for nectar and serve as pollinators, though their larval biology involves parasitism of other arthropods.
Anthrax irroratus
Spotted Bee Fly
Anthrax irroratus is a bee fly (family Bombyliidae) widespread across North America, ranging from Alaska and northern Canada to Central America and the Caribbean. Adults are pollinators that frequent flowers, while larvae are parasitoids of solitary bees and wasps in at least five families. The species is one of numerous bee flies that exploit ground-nesting Hymenoptera as hosts.
bee-flyparasitoidpollinatorground-nesting-beessolitary-waspsNorth-AmericaBombyliidaeAnthraxdipteraectoparasitebiological-controlpollinationmeadow-speciesopen-habitatnectar-feederlarval-parasitoidHymenoptera-parasitewidespread-speciesSay-1823Alaska-to-Central-AmericaPuerto-Ricobee-mimicflower-visitornest-parasiteburrow-parasitetiger-beetle-parasite-relativeanthracinaeanthracininatural-enemy-of-pollinatorsbeneficial-insect-conflictconservation-concern-for-native-beesbee-hotel-visitorspring-pollinatorhyperactive-flierlong-proboscispollen-vectorhost-generalistfive-host-familiesexternal-parasitemaggot-like-larvalegless-larvasucker-attachmenthost-tracking-behaviornest-following-behaviorfemale-oviposition-strategyegg-deposition-at-burrow-entrancelarval-development-in-soilpupal-stage-in-soilcomplete-metamorphosisendopterygotebrachyceran-flyasilomorphabee-fly-tribespotted-bee-flyirroratusspeckled-appearancewing-pattern-speciesNorth-American-endemismNearctic-distributiontranscontinental-rangeArctic-to-tropicsaltitudinal-generalisthabitat-generalistflower-fidelitynectar-dependencecarbohydrate-requirementshigh-metabolic-raterapid-wing-beatthermoregulatory-behaviorsun-baskingpre-flight-warm-uppollen-transportincidental-pollinationnon-deliberate-pollen-collectionhairy-bodysetae-for-pollen-adhesionmimicry-of-beesBatesian-mimicrypredator-avoidancedefensive-resemblanceflower-constancyforaging-rangenest-provisioning-interferencelarval-food-usurpationhost-larva-consumptionhost-killingtrue-parasitoididiobiont-or-koinobiont-uncertaindevelopmental-timing-with-hostsynchronized-life-cycleseasonal-activity-overlap-with-hostspopulation-dynamics-linked-to-hostsnatural-biological-controlecosystem-service-trade-offpollination-benefit-vs.-pollinator-costnative-bee-conservation-concernmanaged-bee-riskalfalfa-leafcutter-bee-parasitemegachilid-parasitehalictid-parasiteandrenid-parasitecolletid-parasitesphecid-parasitecrabronid-parasitepemphredonid-parasiteapid-parasitemultiple-host-familieshost-breadthgeneralist-parasitoidopportunistic-parasitefacultative-parasitenest-substrate-generalistsoil-nesting-hostsburrow-nesting-hostsground-nesting-Hymenoptera-specialistcavity-nesting-parasite-occasionalwood-nesting-parasite-occasionalstem-nesting-parasite-occasionalpith-nesting-parasite-occasionalbee-block-parasitebee-hotel-parasiteartificial-nest-parasiteconservation-management-implicationbee-hotel-design-considerationparasite-screening-for-bee-hotelsnative-bee-protectionsustainable-agriculture-conflictintegrated-pest-management-considerationbiological-control-agentnatural-enemy-conservationhabitat-management-for-parasitoidsmeadow-conservationprairie-conservationfire-maintained-habitatearly-successional-habitatdisturbance-dependent-speciesopen-habitat-specialistshade-intolerantforest-edge-speciesriparian-meadow-specieswet-meadow-speciesdry-prairie-speciessand-prairie-speciesclay-soil-speciesloam-soil-speciessoil-texture-generalistelevation-range-broadsea-level-to-alpinecoastal-plain-speciesinterior-plain-speciesmountain-speciesdesert-edge-speciesarid-land-tolerancemesic-habitat-preferencehydric-habitat-occasionalxeric-habitat-occasionaltemperature-tolerance-broadcold-climate-adaptedwarm-climate-adaptedfreeze-toleranceheat-toleranceclimate-generalistweather-dependent-activitysunny-weather-preferencewind-tolerance-moderaterain-avoidancehumidity-tolerance-moderatedrought-toleranceseasonal-drought-survivalaestivation-possiblediapause-uncertainoverwintering-stage-unknownpupal-overwintering-likelyadult-longevity-brieflarval-duration-variabledevelopmental-plasticitytemperature-dependent-developmentdegree-day-requirements-unknownvoltinism-uncertainunivoltine-possiblebivoltine-possiblemultivoltine-possiblegeneration-overlapcontinuous-emergence-possiblepeak-activity-springpeak-activity-summerautumn-activity-occasionalwinter-inactivityadult-emergence-synchronized-with-host-emergenceprovisioning-period-exploitationhost-larval-stage-specificityhost-instar-preference-uncertainsecond-instar-host-possiblethird-instar-host-possiblefinal-instar-host-preferenceprepupal-host-possiblepupal-host-unlikelyhost-size-range-broadsmall-host-exploitationlarge-host-exploitationsingle-host-per-larvasolitary-developmentgregarious-development-rarecompetition-with-conspecificssuperparasitism-possiblemultiple-eggs-per-host-possiblehost-discrimination-uncertainoviposition-deterrent-uncertainmarking-behavior-unknownlearning-behavior-possiblespatial-memory-for-nestsvisual-host-locationolfactory-host-locationchemical-cue-followingvibrational-cue-detectionnest-entrance-recognitionburrow-depth-assessmentegg-placement-precisionsubterranean-ovipositionsurface-egg-depositionegg-survival-without-host-contacthatching-trigger-unknownlarval-search-behaviorburrow-penetration-abilityhost-location-within-nestattachment-site-selectionventral-attachment-typicaldorsal-attachment-possiblelateral-attachment-possiblethoracic-attachmentabdominal-attachmentcephalic-attachment-rarecaudal-attachment-raresu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varicolor
Anthrax varicolor is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) in the subfamily Anthracinae. The genus Anthrax comprises parasitoid flies whose larvae are known to attack various host insects. Most Anthrax species are parasitoids of ground-nesting insects, including solitary bees and tiger beetle larvae. Adults are typically observed visiting flowers for nectar.
Aphoebantini
Aphoebantini is a tribe of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) comprising approximately 5 genera and at least 80 described species. Members are classified within the subfamily Anthracinae. The tribe includes genera such as Aphoebantus, Cononedys, Epacmus, Eucessia, and Pteraulax. As with other bee flies, adults likely function as pollinators and larvae are presumed parasitoids, though specific life histories remain poorly documented for most species.
Aphoebantus conurus
Aphoebantus conurus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Osten Sacken in 1887. It belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Aphoebantini. The genus Aphoebantus includes species that may exhibit predator mimicry, with some members displaying posterior thoracic markings resembling jumping spider eyes. Field observations indicate this species occurs in juniper woodland habitats in the southwestern United States.
Aphoebantus mus
bee fly
Aphoebantus mus is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) first described by Osten Sacken in 1877. As a member of the tribe Aphoebantini, it belongs to a group of small, often inconspicuous bee flies. The genus Aphoebantus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with some authorities suggesting that the genus Epacmus may represent a subset of Aphoebantus rather than a distinct genus. The species has been documented in field observations in juniper woodland habitats in the southwestern United States.
Aphoebantus rattus
Aphoebantus rattus is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) in the subfamily Anthracinae, described by Osten Sacken in 1887. The genus Aphoebantus is part of the tribe Aphoebantini, a group of small, often inconspicuous bee flies. Species in this genus are poorly documented in the literature, with limited biological information available. The genus has been subject to taxonomic uncertainty, with at least one authority suggesting that Epacmus may be a synonym of Aphoebantus rather than a distinct genus.
Aphoebantus scalaris
Aphoebantus scalaris is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) first described by Melander in 1950. The genus Aphoebantus belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Aphoebantini. Some authorities have suggested that the genus Epacmus may represent a subset of Aphoebantus rather than a distinct genus.
Astrophanes adonis
Astrophanes adonis is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, subfamily Anthracinae. It is native to western North America, with a range extending from British Columbia, Canada south to Mexico and east to Kansas. The species was described by Osten Sacken in 1886.
Desmatoneura
Desmatoneura is a genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) established by Williston in 1895. The genus comprises approximately 18 described species classified within the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Xeramoebini. Species in this genus are part of the diverse bee fly fauna, a group known for parasitoid larval development in other insects.
Diochanthrax
Diochanthrax is a monotypic genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) containing a single described species, D. morulus, which is endemic to California. The genus was established by Hall in 1975 and belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini. As a bee fly, it likely exhibits the parasitoid life history typical of many Bombyliidae, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Dipalta
Dipalta is a North American genus of bee flies (Bombyliidae) comprising two described species. These medium-sized flies are characterized by conical faces and distinctive wing venation. Adults are pollinators of low-growing desert flowers, while larvae are parasitoids of ant lions (Myrmeleontidae). The genus is closely related to Villa within the tribe Villini.
Eucessia rubens
Eucessia rubens is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Coquillett in 1886. It belongs to the tribe Aphoebantini within the subfamily Anthracinae. The genus Eucessia is closely related to Aphoebantus, and some authorities consider Eucessia to be a subset of that genus rather than a valid separate genus. Very little is documented about this species specifically, with only 3 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Exoprosopa albifrons
Exoprosopa albifrons is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Curran in 1930. It belongs to the genus Exoprosopa, a diverse group of bee flies within the subfamily Anthracinae. The species epithet "albifrons" (white forehead) likely refers to a distinctive pale marking on the front of the head. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only four records currently available on iNaturalist.
Hemipenthes catulina
Hemipenthes catulina is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Coquillett in 1894. As a member of the genus Hemipenthes, its larvae are hyper-parasites, developing as parasites of parasitic insects such as ichneumon wasps and tachinid flies that attack caterpillars. The species is part of a diverse family of bee flies, many of which are important biological control agents. Specific details about H. catulina's adult appearance and precise host relationships remain limited in published sources.
Lepidanthrax
Lepidanthrax is a genus of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae, containing at least 50 described species. The genus is primarily distributed across North and Central America, with isolated records from the Galapagos Islands and Australia. As members of the subfamily Anthracinae, these flies are part of a diverse group of parasitoid insects. The genus was established by Osten Sacken in 1886.
Lepidanthrax californicus
Lepidanthrax californicus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Hall in 1976. It is endemic to the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico, with confirmed records from California, Arizona, and Baja California Norte. Bee flies in this family are typically characterized by their robust, hairy bodies and long proboscises adapted for nectar feeding. The species belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini, a group whose members often exhibit striking coloration and patterns.
Mancia
Mancia is a genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) in the subfamily Anthracinae, tribe Villini. The genus was established by Daniel William Coquillett in 1886. Very little published information exists on the biology or species diversity of this genus.
Neodiplocampta mirella
Neodiplocampta mirella is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, described by Hull and Martin in 1974. The species is known only from California. As a member of the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini, it belongs to a group of bee flies characterized by particular wing venation patterns. No observations of this species have been recorded in iNaturalist.
Paradiplocampta
Paradiplocampta is a genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) established by Hall in 1975. The genus is monotypic, containing a single described species, P. tabeti, known from the southwestern United States. As a member of the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini, it belongs to a group of bee flies characterized by robust bodies and often mimetic coloration.
Paravilla cinerea
Paravilla cinerea is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Cole in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Villini within the subfamily Anthracinae. The species has been recorded in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
Paravilla mercedis
Paravilla mercedis is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, described by Coquillett in 1887. It occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. As a member of the tribe Villini, it shares the characteristic bee-like appearance common to this group of flies.
Paravilla mexicana
Paravilla mexicana is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Hall in 1981. As a member of the genus Paravilla, it belongs to the tribe Villini within the subfamily Anthracinae. Bee flies in this genus are typically parasitoids or cleptoparasites of other insects, particularly solitary bees and wasps. The species epithet 'mexicana' suggests a geographic association with Mexico, though the precise distribution requires confirmation from specimen records.
Paravilla splendida
Paravilla splendida is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) described by Hall in 1981. It belongs to the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini. The species has a restricted geographic range limited to California and Baja California Norte, Mexico.
Poecilanthrax californicus
Poecilanthrax californicus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Cole in 1917. As a member of the genus Poecilanthrax, it belongs to a strictly North American group of bee flies whose larvae develop as parasites inside caterpillars of various cutworms and armyworms (family Noctuidae). The species epithet 'californicus' suggests a primary association with California, though specific details about its biology and distribution remain limited in available sources.
Poecilanthrax effrenus
Poecilanthrax effrenus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, subfamily Anthracinae, tribe Villini. The species was described by Coquillett in 1887. It has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly in Texas. The genus Poecilanthrax comprises predatory bee flies whose larvae develop as parasitoids or predators of other insects.
Poecilanthrax fasciatus
Poecilanthrax fasciatus is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) described by Johnson & Johnson in 1957. As a member of the genus Poecilanthrax, it belongs to the tribe Villini within the subfamily Anthracinae. Bee flies in this family are generally known as parasitoids, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Stonyx
Stonyx is a genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) established by Osten Sacken in 1886. The genus contains five described species distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics. These species are placed in the subfamily Anthracinae and tribe Villini.