California-endemic
Guides
Diasemocera petrolei
Petroleum Fly
Diasemocera petrolei, commonly known as the Petroleum Fly, is a species of shore fly in the family Ephydridae. It is notable for its association with petroleum seeps and asphalt deposits, where it completes its entire life cycle in pools of crude oil. The species was described by Coquillett in 1899 and represents an extreme example of adaptation to harsh chemical environments.
Dicellophilus limatus
Dicellophilus limatus is a soil centipede and the type species of the genus Dicellophilus. It is distinguished by possessing 45 pairs of legs, the highest number in its genus, and can exceed 60 mm in length. The species is endemic to coastal California and is one of only four Mecistocephalidae species known from North America. Originally described as Mecistocephalus limatus in 1862, it was later transferred to the new genus Dicellophilus in 1896.
Dichrooscytus longirostris
Dichrooscytus longirostris is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Kelton in 1972. It is one of nine new Dichrooscytus species described from North America in the same publication. The species is characterized by its elongated rostrum, as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus, it is a small, soft-bodied true bug associated with vegetation.
Diclidophlebia fremontiae
flannelbush psyllid
Diclidophlebia fremontiae is a species of psyllid (family Liviidae) originally described by Klyver in 1930. It is commonly known as the flannelbush psyllid, indicating an association with flannelbush plants (Fremontodendron spp.). The species belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of sap-feeding insects often referred to as jumping plant lice. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular tissues.
Dictyssa fenestrata
Dictyssa fenestrata is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Ball in 1910. The species is known from California and belongs to the tribe Elicini within the subfamily Elicinae. Like other tropiduchid planthoppers, it is a sap-feeding insect associated with vascular plants. Published records for this species are sparse, with only one observation documented on iNaturalist.
Dictyssa maculosa
Dictyssa maculosa is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, first described from California by Doering in 1938. The species is known from a small number of records and is characterized by spotted wing patterns, as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to a genus of small, relatively obscure planthoppers within the diverse Fulgoroidea superfamily.
Dictyssa mira
Dictyssa mira is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Van Duzee in 1928. It belongs to the tribe Elicini within the subfamily Elicinae. As a member of the Hemiptera, it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. The species has been recorded from California in North America.
Dinacoma marginata
Dinacoma marginata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, originally described as Thyce marginata by Casey in 1886. It is currently classified in the genus Dinacoma within the tribe Melolonthini. The species is known from California, USA, with records indicating presence in the Nearctic region. Very little detailed biological information has been published for this species.
Dioryctria sierra
Dioryctria sierra is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 2003 and is known from the Sierra Nevada region of California. Like other members of the genus Dioryctria, it is associated with coniferous forests. The species is relatively poorly known, with limited published information on its biology and ecology.
Diphyllostoma
false stag beetles
Diphyllostoma is a genus of three rare beetle species endemic to California, commonly known as false stag beetles. Adults are diurnal and active during the day. Females are flightless, while males have functional wings. Larval stages have never been observed, and the life history remains largely unknown. The genus represents the sole member of the family Diphyllostomatidae.
Disholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
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agementstrategic-risk-management-management-managemententerprise-risk-management-management-managementintegrated-risk-management-management-managementholistic-risk-management-management-managementsystemic-risk-management-management-managementcascading-risk-management-management-managementcompound-risk-management-management-managementcomplex-risk-management-management-managementemerging-risk-management-management-managementevolving-risk-management-management-managementtransboundary-risk-management-management-managementplanetary-risk-management-management-managementexistential-risk-management-management-managementglobal-catastrophic-risk-management-management-managementcivilization-risk-management-management-managementhuman-extinction-risk-management-management-managementspecies-extinction-risk-management-management-managementecosystem-collapse-risk-management-management-managementtipping-point-management-management-managementthreshold-management-management-managementregime-shift-management-management-managementalternative-stable-state-management-management-managementhysteresis-management-management-managementpath-dependence-management-management-managementlock-in-management-management-managementcarbon-lock-in-management-management-managementinfrastructure-lock-in-management-management-managementbehavioral-lock-in-management-management-managementinstitutional-lock-in-management-management-managementtechnological-lock-in-management-management-managementregulatory-lock-in-management-management-managementfinancial-lock-in-management-management-managementpolitical-lock-in-management-management-managementcultural-lock-in-management-management-managementsocial-lock-in-management-management-managementeconomic-lock-in-management-management-managementstructural-inertia-management-management-managementresistance-to-change-management-management-managementbarrier-to-change-management-management-managementenabler-of-change-management-management-managementdriver-of-change-management-management-managementaccelerator-of-change-management-management-managementcatalyst-of-change-management-management-managementleverage-point-management-management-managementintervention-point-management-management-managemententry-point-management-management-managementwindow-of-opportunity-management-management-managementpolicy-window-management-management-managementpolitical-opportunity-management-management-managementsocial-opportunity-management-management-managementeconomic-opportunity-management-management-managementtechnological-opportunity-management-management-managementenvironmental-opportunity-management-management-managementcrisis-opportunity-management-management-managementdisaster-opportunity-management-management-managementbuild-back-better-management-management-managementgreen-recovery-management-management-managementjust-recovery-management-management-managementresilient-recovery-management-management-managementsustainable-recovery-management-management-managementtransformational-recovery-management-management-managementdisaster-risk-reduction-management-management-managementprevention-management-management-managementpreparedness-management-management-managementresponse-management-management-managementrecovery-management-management-managementrehabilitation-management-management-managementreconstruction-management-management-managementresilience-building-management-management-managementadaptive-capacity-building-management-management-managementtransformative-capacity-building-management-management-managementDixella californica
Dixella californica is a species of meniscus midge in the family Dixidae (Order: Diptera). These small, delicate flies are associated with aquatic habitats where their larvae develop. The species was described by Johannsen in 1923 and is known from California. Dixidae larvae are recognized by their distinctive habit of hanging upside down from the water surface film, feeding on microorganisms and organic matter.
Drasteria pulchra
Drasteria pulchra is a moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1918. The species is known from California, with adults active during summer months. The wingspan ranges from 34 to 37 mm, with distinctive wing patterning featuring contrasting dark and light areas.
Drepanura californica
Drepanura californica is a species of springtail (Collembola) in the family Entomobryidae. It was described by H. Schött in 1891 and is known from California and other Pacific North American regions. The genus Drepanura is characterized by distinctive morphological features including a furcula with reduced dentes. As an entomobryid springtail, it inhabits soil and leaf litter environments where it contributes to decomposition processes.
Druon fullawayi
yellow wig gall wasp
Druon fullawayi, commonly called the yellow wig gall wasp, is a species of cynipid gall wasp native to western North America. The species was originally described by William Beutenmüller in 1913 under the genus Andricus and later transferred to Druon. It induces distinctive woolly, yellowish galls on oak trees, particularly valley oak (Quercus lobata). The species has been documented in California and Zacatecas, Mexico.
Dryocosmus dubiosus
Two-horned Gall Wasp
Dryocosmus dubiosus is a cynipid gall wasp endemic to California, North America. It is an abundant species that induces distinctive galls on oak trees, specifically on leaves and catkins of coast live oaks and interior live oaks. The species is notable for the horn-like projections on its galls, which give rise to its common name.
Dryocosmus minusculus
Pumpkin Gall Wasp
Dryocosmus minusculus is an abundant cynipid wasp endemic to California. The species induces small, round galls on oak leaves, commonly called pumpkin galls. Adults emerge in spring after overwintering as larvae within galls. The species is strictly associated with three oak species in the region.
Dyctidea variegata
Dyctidea variegata is a species of planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae, described by Van Duzee in 1938. It belongs to the subfamily Elicinae and tribe Elicini. The species is known from California and represents one of the few documented members of this genus in North America. Tropiduchidae planthoppers are generally associated with woody and herbaceous vegetation, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Efferia caliente
Caliente Hammertail
Efferia caliente is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Wilcox in 1966. The common name "Caliente Hammertail" references the Caliente Range in California, where the species was presumably first collected or is known to occur. Robber flies in the genus Efferia are predatory insects known for their robust build and predatory habits. As with other Asilidae, adults are aerial predators that capture other insects in flight.
Eleodes littoralis
desert stink beetle
Eleodes littoralis is a species of desert stink beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. It is found in California. The species is characterized by its hairy body, which makes it visually similar to Eleodes osculans and Eleodes nigropilosa. Like other members of the genus Eleodes, it possesses defensive chemical glands that produce a characteristic odor when disturbed.
Enigmina
Enigmina is a genus of armored harvestmen in the family Phalangodidae, established by Ubick & Briggs in 2008. The genus contains at least two described species: Enigmina granita and Enigmina warrenorum. Members of this genus belong to the suborder Laniatores, a diverse group of short-legged harvestmen characterized by robust bodies and often elaborate defensive armor. The genus name reflects the enigmatic nature of these cryptic arachnids, which are poorly known in terms of their biology and ecology.
Episyron biguttatus californicum
Episyron biguttatus californicum is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As a member of the genus Episyron, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps specialized in hunting spiders as prey for their larvae. The subspecies epithet 'californicum' indicates a geographic association with California. Like other pompilid wasps, females paralyze spiders with their sting and provision underground burrows for their offspring.
Eriocraniella xanthocara
Eriocraniella xanthocara is a small, iridescent moth in the family Eriocraniidae, described by Donald R. Davis in 1978. It is endemic to California, ranging from Shasta County south to Santa Clara County and Santa Cruz Island. Adults are active in spring from early March to late April, with one generation per year. The larvae are leaf miners on two oak species.
Esselenia vanduzeei
Vanduzee's Grasshopper
Esselenia vanduzeei is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae. It is the sole described species in the genus Esselenia, which is endemic to California. The species was described by Morgan Hebard in 1920 and is named in honor of the entomologist Edward P. Van Duzee. As a member of the Gomphocerinae, it possesses the characteristic slanted face profile typical of this subfamily.
Esselenia vanduzeei violae
Esselenia vanduzeei violae is a subspecies of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae, described by Rentz in 1966. It is known from California in western North America. The genus Esselenia is classified within the short-horned grasshoppers, a diverse group of primarily herbivorous insects. This subspecies represents one of the few documented taxa within this genus, which appears to have restricted geographic distribution.
Ethmia nadia
Ethmia nadia is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae (formerly placed in Depressariidae). It is endemic to California, where adults are active in spring and early summer. The larvae feed on Phacelia ramosissima, a plant in the Boraginaceae family.
Eumysia idahoensis
Eumysia idahoensis is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. It was described by Mackie in 1958 based on specimens from California. The species is known from a limited geographic range in the western United States. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to a group of small moths commonly associated with dried plant materials.
Eumysia mysiella
Eumysia mysiella is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1905. It is known from California. The species belongs to the subfamily Phycitinae, a diverse group of small moths often associated with dried plant material.
Eumysia pallidipennella
Eumysia pallidipennella is a species of snout moth described by George Duryea Hulst in 1895. It belongs to the family Pyralidae and subfamily Phycitinae. The species is known from California, though it remains poorly documented with limited observational records.
Eunota californica pseudoerronea
California Tiger Beetle
Eunota californica pseudoerronea is a subspecies of tiger beetle in the family Carabidae (subfamily Cicindelinae). Originally described as Cicindela californica pseudoerronea by Rumpp in 1958, it is now classified in the genus Eunota. This subspecies is endemic to California and is part of a group of fast-running predatory beetles commonly known as tiger beetles.
Euphilotes battoides allyni
El Segundo Blue Butterfly
Euphilotes battoides allyni is a federally endangered subspecies of blue butterfly endemic to coastal sand dunes in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. The subspecies has an extremely restricted range, historically occurring only between El Segundo and San Pedro. It is one of the most geographically localized butterfly taxa in North America, with all known populations confined to areas supporting its obligate larval host plant, Eriogonum parvifolium (coastal buckwheat).
Eupithecia acutipennis
Eupithecia acutipennis is a small geometrid moth first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1898. It is endemic to California and belongs to the diverse 'pug' moth genus Eupithecia, characterized by narrow wings and a distinctive resting posture. Adults are active during fall, winter, and early spring, with flight records spanning October through April. The species is one of many Eupithecia found in western North America.
Eupithecia purpurissata
Eupithecia purpurissata is a small geometrid moth described by John Arthur Grossbeck in 1908. It is endemic to California, with two recognized subspecies: the nominate form in northern and central California, and E. p. valariata in southern California. Adults have been recorded from February to July. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia rindgei
Eupithecia rindgei is a small moth in the family Geometridae, first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1949. It is endemic to California. Adults have been recorded from May to July, with a wingspan of approximately 15 mm. As a member of the genus Eupithecia, it belongs to a diverse group of moths commonly known as "pugs."
Eupompha elegans perpulchra
Eupompha elegans perpulchra is a subspecies of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, tribe Eupomphini. It is endemic to California, USA. Adults have been documented feeding on flowers of specific host plants in the Polemoniaceae family, including Eriastrum densifolium, Eriastrum sapphirinum, and Gilia tenuiflora. Mating behavior occurs on host flowers. The subspecies is represented by 930 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum holdings, indicating it is relatively well-collected and presumably common within its range.
Euproserpinus
Primrose Sphinxes
Euproserpinus is a genus of sphinx moths (Sphingidae) commonly known as Primrose Sphinxes. The genus contains three described species, all native to western North America. The most well-documented species, Euproserpinus euterpe, is federally threatened and has been extensively studied for its specialized biology. Members of this genus are associated with evening primrose host plants and exhibit unique pupal adaptations for emergence in sandy soil habitats.
Euproserpinus euterpe
Kern primrose sphinx moth, euterpe sphinx moth
Euproserpinus euterpe is a small, day-flying sphinx moth endemic to California and federally listed as threatened. Adults are active from mid-January to early April, with peak activity in February and March. The species has a highly restricted, disjunct distribution limited to two known locations in Kern and San Luis Obispo counties. Larvae are specialized feeders on evening primrose (Camissonia species), while adults nectar on diverse regional wildflowers. Population abundance fluctuates dramatically with climatic conditions, particularly rainfall.
federally-threatenedendemicdiurnalspecialist-herbivoreglacial-relictCalifornia-endemicevening-primrose-feedersandy-soil-pupationpopulation-fluctuationconservation-concerninsect-collecting-threathabitat-specialistdisjunct-distributionlate-winter-emergencemorning-eclosionagricultural-disturbance-toleranceBureau-of-Land-Managementrecovery-plan-speciespresumed-extinct-rediscoveryclimate-sensitive-population-dynamicsEuros proprius
Euros proprius is a small noctuid moth described by Henry Edwards in 1881. It is the most distinctive species within the Euros genus, characterized by its restricted range in the northern Sierra Nevada of California and specific association with riparian habitats in dry forest ecosystems. The species has a documented larval host relationship with Paeonia brownii.
Euxoa bicollaris
Euxoa bicollaris is a noctuid moth in the genus Euxoa, characterized by a wingspan of approximately 32 mm. The species is endemic to western North America, with its core distribution in California and range extending northward to southern British Columbia. As a member of the cutworm moth group, its larvae likely exhibit typical cutworm feeding habits, though species-specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Euzophera vinnulella
Euzophera vinnulella is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1990. The species is known only from California, with limited available information about its biology and ecology.
Exiliscelis
Exiliscelis is a genus of flies in the family Canthyloscelidae, established by Hutson in 1977. It contains a single described species, Exiliscelis californiensis. Members of this family are small, obscure flies often associated with moist or wetland habitats. The genus is part of the subfamily Synneurinae, a group of primitive nematoceran flies with limited ecological documentation.
Exiliscelis californiensis
Exiliscelis californiensis is a species of fly in the family Canthyloscelididae, a small group of primitive flies often referred to as "perissommatid-like" or "synneurid" flies. Described by Hutson in 1977, this species is endemic to California. The family Canthyloscelididae is poorly known biologically, with most species known from few specimens. Exiliscelis californiensis is one of only three documented observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is rarely encountered or underreported.
Feron atrimentum
Striped Volcano Gall Wasp
Feron atrimentum is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive galls on blue oak (Quercus douglasii) leaves. The species exhibits cyclical parthenogenesis with alternating sexual and parthenogenic generations, each producing morphologically distinct gall types. The common name refers to the volcano-shaped galls with red stripes produced by the parthenogenic generation.
Feron crystallinum
Crystalline Gall Wasp
Feron crystallinum is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinct galls on oak species in California. The species exhibits complex alternation of generations, producing different gall morphologies and wasp forms across seasonal cycles. The parthenogenic generation forms large, pink, hairy galls on leaf undersides, while the bisexual generation produces smaller, less hairy galls. Formerly classified as Andricus crystallinus, this species has been reclassified to the genus Feron based on phylogenetic relationships.
Feron izabellae
Pink Bow-Tie Gall Wasp
Feron izabellae is an oak gall wasp described in 2023 from Northern California. The species induces distinctive pink spangle galls on white oak leaves, with galls folding at maturity to resemble bow-ties. Only the asexual generation is known. The species was named in memory of the senior author's mother and granddaughter.
Gammarotettix aesculus
Gammarotettix aesculus is a species of camel cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It was described by Strohecker in 1951 and is known from California. Like other members of this family, it is wingless and adapted to dark, moist habitats.
Gammarotettix genitalis
Gammarotettix genitalis is a camel cricket species described by Caudell in 1916. It belongs to the subfamily Gammarotettiginae, a group of North American camel crickets characterized by distinctive genitalic features. The species has been documented across California with over 400 iNaturalist observations. It inhabits dark, moist microhabitats typical of rhaphidophorid crickets.
Glaresis california
Glaresis california is a species of scarab beetle in the family Glaresidae, described in 2014 from California. Members of this family are small, soil-dwelling beetles often called 'enigmatic scarab beetles' due to their cryptic habits and uncertain phylogenetic placement. The species is known only from its type locality in California and is among the more recently described species in this poorly studied family.
Globipes simplex
Globipes simplex is a species of harvestman (order Opiliones) in the family Globipedidae. It was originally described as Eurybunus simplex by Schenkel in 1951 and later transferred to the genus Globipes. The species is known from limited records in California, specifically Alameda and Fresno counties. As with many harvestmen, detailed biological information is sparse in published literature.
Globipes spinulatus
Globipes spinulatus is a species of harvestman (order Opiliones) in the family Globipedidae, described by Nathan Banks in 1893. It is one of few documented species in the genus Globipes, a small family of long-legged arachnids. The species is known from limited records in the Los Angeles area of southern California.