Phalangodidae
Guides
Banksula
Banksula is a genus of harvestmen in the family Phalangodidae, comprising ten described species. All species are endemic to California, United States. The genus was established by Roewer in 1949 and named in honor of Nathan Banks, an American entomologist who described the type species. These harvestmen belong to the suborder Laniatores, a diverse group of short-legged, often heavily armored opilionids.
Bishopella
Bishopella is a genus of harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae, established by Roewer in 1927 and named in honor of arachnologist S. C. Bishop. The genus contains two described species: B. jonesi, endemic to Alabama, and B. laciniosa, distributed more broadly across the southeastern United States. Both species belong to the diverse Laniatores suborder, characterized by relatively short legs and raptorial pedipalps adapted for predation.
Bishopella laciniosa
Bishop's harvestman
Bishopella laciniosa, commonly known as Bishop's harvestman, is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae. It is native to North America. As a member of the Laniatores suborder, it possesses relatively short legs compared to other harvestmen and exhibits the characteristic body plan of armoured harvestmen with a well-sclerotized exoskeleton.
Calicina
Calicina is a genus of armored harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae, established by Ubick & Briggs in 1989. The genus contains more than 20 described species. Members of this genus are characterized by their heavily sclerotized body armor, a defining feature of the family Phalangodidae. These harvestmen are part of the suborder Laniatores, which includes the majority of the world's harvestman diversity.
Calicina galena
armoured harvestman
Calicina galena is a species of armoured harvestman (order Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae. It was described by Ubick and Briggs in 1989 and is known from North America. As a member of the Laniatores suborder, it possesses the characteristic armoured body form typical of this diverse group of arachnids.
Calicina mariposa
Calicina mariposa is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae. It was originally described as Sitalcina mariposa by Briggs in 1968 before being transferred to the genus Calicina. The species is known from North America. Very little published information exists regarding its biology or ecology.
Calicina sequoia
Calicina sequoia is an armoured harvestman species in the family Phalangodidae, first described by Briggs and Hom in 1966. It was originally placed in the genus Sitalcina before being transferred to Calicina. The species epithet 'sequoia' suggests an association with giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) habitat. Like other phalangodid harvestmen, it possesses a heavily sclerotized body with distinctive armoured plates.
Crosbyella distincta
armoured harvestman
Crosbyella distincta is a species of armoured harvestman described by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. It belongs to the family Phalangodidae, a group of small to medium-sized harvestmen characterized by their heavily armored bodies. The species is known from North America. Armoured harvestmen in this family are typically found in leaf litter and soil habitats where they function as predators and scavengers.
Crosbyella montana
Crosbyella montana is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae. It was described by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. The species is found in North America. As a member of the suborder Laniatores, it possesses the characteristic armoured body form of this group of harvestmen.
Crosbyella roeweri
Crosbyella roeweri is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, described by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. It belongs to the suborder Laniatores, a group of short-legged, heavily sclerotized harvestmen commonly found in soil and leaf litter habitats. The species is recorded from North America, though specific locality details remain limited.
Crosbyella spinturnix
Crosbyella spinturnix is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, described by Crosby and Bishop in 1924. Originally placed in the genus Phalangodes, it was later transferred to Crosbyella. As a member of the suborder Laniatores, it possesses hardened body armour characteristic of this group. The species is documented from North America, though detailed ecological and behavioral studies appear limited.
Crosbyella tuberculata
Crosbyella tuberculata is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, described by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. It belongs to the suborder Laniatores, a diverse group of harvestmen characterized by relatively short legs and often heavily armoured bodies. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in the available literature.
Enigmina
Enigmina is a genus of armored harvestmen in the family Phalangodidae, established by Ubick & Briggs in 2008. The genus contains at least two described species: Enigmina granita and Enigmina warrenorum. Members of this genus belong to the suborder Laniatores, a diverse group of short-legged harvestmen characterized by robust bodies and often elaborate defensive armor. The genus name reflects the enigmatic nature of these cryptic arachnids, which are poorly known in terms of their biology and ecology.
Enigmina warrenorum
Enigmina warrenorum is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, described in 2008. It belongs to the suborder Laniatores, a group of harvestmen characterized by relatively short legs and often heavily sclerotized bodies. The species is known from very few observations, with only three records documented on iNaturalist. Its specific epithet honors the Warren family.
Megacina
Megacina is a genus of armoured harvestmen in the family Phalangodidae, established by Ubick & Briggs in 2008. The genus contains at least four described species, all found in western North America. These species are characterized by heavily sclerotized body armor typical of the family. The genus was erected based on morphological distinctions from related phalangodid genera.
Megacina cockerelli
armoured harvestman
Megacina cockerelli is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae. It was originally described as Sitalcina cockerelli by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. The species belongs to a group of harvestmen characterized by hardened body armor and is found in North America.
Microcina
Microcina is a genus of harvestmen (order Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae, described by Briggs and Ubick in 1989. It belongs to the infraorder Grassatores, a group of Laniatores characterized by relatively long legs and often cryptic habits. Species in this genus are found in western North America, particularly in California. The genus is part of the diverse phalangodid radiation in the region.
Phalangodes armata
Phalangodes armata is a species of harvestman (order Opiliones, suborder Laniatores) in the family Phalangodidae, described by Tellkampf in 1844. It belongs to the infraorder Grassatores, a diverse group of short-legged harvestmen characterized by their compact body form and often cryptic habits. As a member of the superfamily Phalangodoidea, this species represents one of the more derived lineages within the harvestmen, though specific natural history details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Sitalcina
Sitalcina is a genus of armoured harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae, established by Nathan Banks in 1911. The genus contains approximately 10 described species, all endemic to western North America, primarily distributed in California and adjacent regions. These harvestmen belong to the suborder Laniatores, a group characterized by relatively short legs and heavily sclerotized body armor. Most species have been described from cave or deep-soil habitats, reflecting a troglomorphic or endogean lifestyle.
Sitalcina borregoensis
Sitalcina borregoensis is a species of armoured harvestman (order Opiliones, suborder Laniatores) described by Briggs in 1968. It belongs to the family Phalangodidae, a group of small to medium-sized harvestmen characterized by well-developed body armor. The species is known from North America, with the specific epithet suggesting a connection to the Borrego region, likely in California.
Sitalcina californica
Sitalcina californica is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, first described by Banks in 1893. Originally placed in the genus Sitalces, it was later transferred to Sitalcina. The species is found in North America, though specific details about its ecology and biology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Sitalcina rothi
Sitalcina rothi is a species of armoured harvestman described in 2008. It belongs to the family Phalangodidae, a group of small, often cave-dwelling or soil-dwelling arachnids. The species is known from North America.
Sitalcina seca
Sitalcina seca is a species of armoured harvestman described by Ubick & Briggs in 2008. It belongs to the family Phalangodidae, a group of small, often cave-dwelling or soil-associated harvestmen characterized by compact bodies and reduced eyes. The species is known from North America. As with many phalangodid harvestmen, detailed biological information remains limited.
Sitalcina sura
armoured harvestman
Sitalcina sura is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, described by Briggs in 1968. It belongs to the suborder Laniatores, a diverse group of harvestmen characterized by relatively short legs and often heavily armoured bodies. The species is known to occur in North America. As with many phalangodid harvestmen, detailed ecological and behavioral information remains limited in published literature.
Tolus appalachius
Appalachian Cave Harvestman
Tolus appalachius is a small, eyeless cave-dwelling harvestman endemic to Tennessee. It is the sole described species in the genus Tolus. First described in 1942, this troglobitic arachnid is known from only a handful of cave systems in the Appalachian region. Its highly restricted distribution and specialized subterranean habitat make it vulnerable to environmental disturbances.
Tularina
Tularina is a genus of harvestmen (Opiliones: Laniatores) in the family Phalangodidae, described by Ubick & Briggs in 2008. As a member of the infraorder Grassatores, it belongs to a diverse group of long-legged arachnids commonly known as daddy longlegs. The genus was established based on morphological characteristics distinguishing it from related phalangodid genera. Information regarding species diversity, distribution, and biology remains limited in published literature.
Undulus
Undulus is a genus of armoured harvestmen (Opiliones: Laniatores) in the family Phalangodidae. The genus contains one described species, Undulus formosus, which was described from Limestone County, Alabama. The body length of the described species is 1.9 mm. The genus is characterized by armoured body morphology typical of the Phalangodidae family.
Wespus
Wespus is a genus of armoured harvestmen in the family Phalangodidae, established by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. It contains one described species, Wespus arkansasensis, known from Hot Springs, Arkansas. The genus belongs to the suborder Laniatores, a group of harvestmen characterized by robust bodies and raptorial pedipalps. Members are small, with the described species measuring approximately 2.2 mm in body length.