Biological-control
Guides
Ataenius spretulus
black turfgrass ataenius, black fairway beetle
Ataenius spretulus is a scarab beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) commonly known as the black turfgrass ataenius or black fairway beetle. It is the most common grub in golf course fairways in Michigan and throughout much of North America. The species has been extensively studied in turfgrass management contexts due to its economic impact as a root-feeding pest. Research indicates its abundance and distribution are influenced by soil moisture levels, mowing height, and natural enemy pressure rather than adult oviposition preferences alone.
Atanycolus cappaerti
Atanycolus cappaerti is a North American braconid wasp that parasitizes larvae of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). The species was described in 2009 and has been studied for its potential as a native biological control agent against this destructive forest pest. It is one of several native parasitoids that may be adapting to exploit the emerald ash borer as a host in invaded areas.
Athrycia
Athrycia is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Voriini. The genus contains at least five described species, with Athrycia cinerea being the most thoroughly studied. Species in this genus are larval parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with documented host associations primarily involving noctuid moths. The genus has been recorded from the Palearctic region (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and Nearctic region (Canada).
Athrycia cinerea
Athrycia cinerea is a univoltine tachinid fly parasitoid native to North America, primarily associated with the bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) in Canadian rapeseed fields. Females oviposit on third through sixth instar host larvae, with parasite larvae typically developing gregariously and maturing on fifth and sixth instars. The species exhibits temperature-dependent pupal diapause, which is usually prevented at 25°C but occurs at 20°C.
Atrichomelina pubera
Atrichomelina pubera is a sciomyzid fly whose larvae are aquatic or semi-aquatic predators of freshwater snails. The species has been successfully reared in laboratory conditions, enabling documentation of its complete immature stages and feeding behavior. Its biology was formally described in a 1960 study focusing on life history and developmental morphology.
Atteva
ermine moths, ailanthus webworms
Atteva is the sole genus in the family Attevidae, a group of small to medium-sized moths within the superfamily Yponomeutoidea. The genus has a pantropical distribution with approximately 70 described species. Most species occur in tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Oceania, though Atteva aurea has expanded into temperate North America following the introduction of its host plant, Ailanthus altissima (Tree of Heaven). Adults are often strikingly patterned in orange, black, and white, and several species are diurnal nectar feeders rather than nocturnal.
Atteva aurea
Ailanthus Webworm Moth, Ermine Moth
Atteva aurea, commonly known as the ailanthus webworm moth or ermine moth, is a small, colorful moth native to Central America and the southern United States that has expanded its range northward following the introduction and spread of its host plant, the invasive Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima). The adult moth displays striking orange, black, and white coloration and is active during daylight hours, feeding on nectar from flowers such as ageratum. The larval stage, known as the ailanthus webworm, constructs communal silken webs on host plants and feeds on leaves, with the potential to defoliate small trees. The species has been proposed as a potential biological control agent for the invasive Tree of Heaven.
Aulacaspis yasumatsui
cycad aulacaspis scale, cycad scale, sago palm scale, Asian cycad scale
Aulacaspis yasumatsui is a highly destructive armored scale insect native to Southeast Asia that has become a globally invasive pest of cycads. First described from Thailand in 1977, it was detected in Florida in 1996 and has since spread to numerous countries across six continents, causing widespread mortality of ornamental and native cycad populations. The species exhibits extreme sexual dimorphism in body form and produces multiple generations annually in warm climates, with populations capable of reaching densities that completely encrust host fronds and ultimately kill the plant through depletion of photosynthetic tissue and nonstructural carbohydrates.
Aulacidae
Aulacid Wasps
Aulacidae is a small, cosmopolitan family of parasitoid wasps in the superfamily Evanioidea, containing approximately 200 known species across two extant genera: Aulacus and Pristaulacus. These wasps are primarily endoparasitoids of wood-boring insects, specifically targeting larvae of wood wasps (Xiphydriidae) and xylophagous beetles in the families Cerambycidae and Buprestidae. They are closely related to Gasteruptiidae and Evaniidae, sharing the distinctive evanioid trait of having the metasoma attached high on the propodeum above the hind coxae. Despite their wide distribution, aulacids are rarely collected and poorly studied, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.
Aulacidea acroptilonica
Russian Knapweed Gall Wasp
Aulacidea acroptilonica is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, commonly known as the Russian Knapweed Gall Wasp. It is a specialist herbivore that induces galls on its host plant. The species is native to regions associated with Russian knapweed and has been recorded in the conterminous United States. Like other members of the genus Aulacidea, it is likely targeted by parasitoid wasps. The species was described by Tyurebaev in 1979.
Aulacobaris
Aulacobaris is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae. The genus includes species associated with plants in the Brassicaceae family. Aulacobaris fallax has been studied as a potential biological control agent for dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria) in North America, though host specificity testing revealed significant non-target risks.
Aulacorthum solani
Foxglove aphid, Glasshouse-potato aphid
Aulacorthum solani is a globally distributed agricultural pest aphid with one of the broadest host ranges of any aphid species, feeding on both dicots and monocots. It is a phloem-feeding hemipteran that causes direct feeding damage including stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and deformation, and serves as a vector for plant viruses. The species exhibits temperature-dependent development and reproduction, with optimal performance between 12.5–20°C and survival possible from 5–27.5°C. Both winged and wingless morphs occur, with parthenogenesis used for colony maintenance in laboratory settings.
Aulogymnus
Aulogymnus is a genus of chalcidoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, first described by Förster in 1851. Members of this genus are small parasitoid wasps, part of a diverse family that primarily parasitizes other insects. The genus has been recorded from Europe and Asia. Specific biological details for the genus as a whole remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
parasitoidEulophidaeChalcidoideaHymenopteraPalearcticwaspsinsectsarthropodsentomologytaxonomyFörster-1851DenmarkSpainTibetChinaEuropeAsiaminute-waspschalcid-waspsEulophinaeTerebrantesApocritaHexapodaAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaAulogymnussmall-waspstiny-waspsparasitic-waspsbiological-controlinsect-parasitoidssystematicsmorphologyidentificationkeysNearcticOrientalXizangcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservationsrecordsdistributionFörster1851genusacceptedvalidsynonymychalcidoidchalcidchalcidseulophideulophidseulophid-waspseulophinesparasitoid-waspsparasitic-Hymenopterabiological-control-agentsinsect-diversitybiodiversityfaunaentomologicalhymenopteranarthropodhexapodhexapodspterygotepterygotesendopterygoteendopterygotesholometabolousholometabolatiny-insectsminute-insectssmall-insectsmicrohymenopteramicro-waspsmicro-parasitoidsmicro-chalcidsmicro-eulophidswing-venationantennaethoraxdiagnostic-characterstaxonomic-keysidentification-keysgeneric-keysNearctic-faunaEuropean-faunaAsian-faunaTibetan-faunaSpanish-faunaDanish-faunapoorly-knowndata-deficientunderstudiedcryptic-diversityhost-unknownbiology-unknownlife-history-unknownecology-unknowndistribution-recordsoccurrence-recordsspecimen-recordsmuseum-recordsdatabase-recordsGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIWikipediaUniversal-Chalcidoidea-DatabaseKey-to-Nearctic-eulophid-generaliteraturesourcesreferencescitationsbibliographyoriginal-descriptiontype-speciestype-localitynomenclaturesystematic-entomologyhymenopterologychalcidologyparasitologybiological-control-researchintegrated-pest-managementIPMagricultural-entomologyforest-entomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologyurban-entomologyconservation-entomologyinsect-ecologycommunity-ecologypopulation-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyphylogeneticsphylogenymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingtaxonomy-and-phylogenyclassificationbiodiversity-informaticsbiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyphylogeographydispersalvicariancespeciationdiversificationevolutionadaptationnatural-selectionsexual-selectionlife-history-evolutionhost-parasitoid-interactionscoevolutiontritrophic-interactionsfood-websecosystem-servicesnatural-enemiesbiocontrolaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlconservation-biological-controlinvasive-species-managementpest-managementsustainable-agricultureorganic-farmingagroecologyecosystem-healthenvironmental-monitoringbioindicatorsindicator-speciesclimate-changeglobal-changehabitat-lossfragmentationconservation-statusIUCNred-listnot-evaluatedresearch-needsknowledge-gapsfuture-researchprioritiesspecimen-collectionvoucheringmuseum-collectionsnatural-history-collectionsdigitizationdata-sharingopen-scienceFAIR-principlescitizen-science-contributionscommunity-sciencepublic-engagementscience-communicationeducationoutreachnatural-historyinsect-watchingwasp-watchingnature-observationbiodiversity-appreciationAulonium
Aulonium is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, subfamily Colydiinae. Members are predators of other bark beetles and have been studied for their potential role in biological control. The genus contains approximately 17 described species distributed across multiple continents. At least one species, Aulonium ruficorne, has been documented as a specialized predator within bark beetle galleries.
Azotidae
Azotidae is a small family of chalcidoid wasps containing a single genus, Ablerus Howard, 1894, with approximately 92–94 described species. The family was elevated from subfamily status within Aphelinidae in 1966 and is now recognized as a distinct family in Chalcidoidea. Azotidae are obligate hyperparasitoids that attack primary parasitoids of hemipteran pests, particularly those associated with scale insects (Diaspididae), whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), and mealybugs. Their biology makes them significant tertiary consumers in agricultural food webs.
Azya
Azya is a genus of lady beetles (family Coccinellidae) comprising approximately 12 described species. The genus is notable for its unusual coloration—many species display cobalt blue rather than the typical red-orange-and-black pattern of most coccinellids. Azya species are predators of scale insects, particularly in agricultural settings. The genus was established by Mulsant in 1850 and occurs primarily in the Neotropics.
Bactra verutana
javelin moth
Bactra verutana, commonly known as the javelin moth, is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 11–17 mm. It has a broad distribution spanning North America, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and parts of Africa. The species is notable as an indigenous biological control agent for weedy nutsedges (Cyperus species), particularly purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus). Larval feeding damages leaves, fascicles, basal bulbs, tubers, and inflorescences of host plants, reducing both vegetative and sexual reproduction.
Bactrocera oleae
olive fruit fly, olive fly, δάκος της ελιάς
Bactrocera oleae is a tephritid fruit fly and the most destructive pest of olive cultivation worldwide. Larvae feed exclusively on olive fruits (Olea europaea), causing direct damage to pulp and oil quality. Annual crop losses can reach 30% without control, and exceed 90% in severe infestations. The species is monophagous on olives and has developed resistance to multiple insecticide classes, driving research into alternative management strategies including sterile insect technique and biological control.
Bagoinae
Bagoinae is a subfamily of weevils (Curculionidae) containing the genus Bagous and related genera. Members are primarily associated with aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, though some occupy terrestrial environments. The group has been variously classified, with some treatments placing it within Molytinae. The subfamily includes approximately 130 species in the Palaearctic region, with the genus Bagous distributed globally except Central and South America.
Bagous
Bagous is a genus of semi-aquatic weevils in the family Curculionidae containing at least 360 described species. Many species are associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats, with several species developed as biological control agents for invasive aquatic plants, particularly Hydrilla verticillata. The genus includes both native and introduced species with varying degrees of host specificity. Larvae typically develop within plant stems while adults feed on stems and leaves.
Bagous restrictus
Bagous restrictus is a small weevil native to North America that has become notable for its exclusive association with the invasive aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata. It is the only native Bagous species known to utilize this introduced weed as a host. The beetle completes its entire life cycle within Hydrilla tissues, with larvae feeding and developing inside stems and tubers. Its native status and host specificity distinguish it from two introduced biological control agents (Bagous hydrillae and B. affinis) that also target Hydrilla.
Bagrada
Bagrada is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae, comprising approximately nine described species. The genus is native to Africa and Asia, with at least one species, Bagrada hilaris, becoming a significant invasive pest in North America. Species in this genus are associated with plants in the Brassicaceae family and have become economically important due to their impact on agricultural crops.
Balcha
Balcha is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). The genus comprises 16 described species worldwide, including eight newly described species and two newly combined species. Members are ectoparasitoids of wood-boring beetles, with Balcha indica notable as an accidental introduction to North America where it attacks the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
Balcha indica
Balcha indica is a solitary ectoparasitoid wasp in the family Eupelmidae, native to Asia and accidentally introduced to North America. It attacks larvae, prepupae, and pupae of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive wood-boring beetle threatening ash trees. Under laboratory conditions, the species exhibits extended adult longevity (mean 59 days, maximum 117 days) and reproduces via thelytokous parthenogenesis. Development from egg to adult takes approximately 83 days at 25°C, suggesting one to two generations per year in temperate North American regions. The species has been recovered from field surveys in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ontario, Virginia, and West Virginia, where it functions as an adventitious biological control agent of this invasive pest.
Banchinae
Banchinae is a large subfamily of Ichneumonidae containing approximately 1,500–1,800 described species distributed worldwide. The subfamily comprises three tribes: Banchini, Glyptini, and Atrophini. All banchines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. Glyptini primarily parasitize Tortricidae, while Atrophini attack a broader range of small moth families. The genus Lissonota is notable for possessing exceptionally long ovipositors capable of reaching deep wood-boring Lepidoptera such as Cossidae. Banchinae and Campopleginae are the only Ichneumonidae subfamilies known to harbor polydnaviruses, which play a role in host immune suppression.
Banchus
Banchus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Fabricius in 1798. Species occur in Europe, North America, and Asia. The genus comprises at least eight described species, with Banchus flavescens being the most abundant hymenopteran parasitoid of the bertha armyworm in western Canada. Members are endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, particularly Noctuidae.
Bangasternus
Bangasternus is a genus of true weevils (Curculionidae) comprising small, dark-colored species used as biological control agents against invasive knapweeds and starthistles (Centaurea spp.). Adults are typically 4 millimeters long, dark gray, and hairy. The genus is notable for its host specificity to Centaurea species, with larvae developing within flower heads where they consume developing seeds. Several species have been introduced to North America for biocontrol purposes, including B. fausti and B. orientalis.
Bangasternus orientalis
yellow starthistle bud weevil
Bangasternus orientalis is a small true weevil (Curculionidae) used as a biological control agent against the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean, it was introduced to the United States in 1985 and has become established throughout the western United States. Adults feed on leaves and flower buds, while larvae develop within flower heads and consume developing seeds, destroying 50-60% of seeds in infested heads.
Barichneumon
Barichneumon is a genus of ichneumonid wasps established by Thomson in 1893. At least one species, Barichneumon bilunulatus, has been documented as a parasitoid of the pine beauty moth (Panolis flammea), a pest of pine forests. The genus is recorded from Scandinavia and Denmark.
Barycnemis
Barycnemis is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. The genus contains approximately 19 described species distributed across Europe and North America. These wasps are known to parasitize beetles in the genera Byrrhus, Bledius, and Pissodes.
Baryscapus
Baryscapus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species are endoparasitic, developing within the bodies of other insects. Host associations span multiple insect orders including Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Some species are important biological control agents, particularly against agricultural and forestry pests.
Bathyplectes
Bathyplectes is a genus of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) comprising larval parasitoids of weevil pests, particularly the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica). The genus includes multiple Palaearctic species, with B. curculionis and B. anura being the most studied for biological control of alfalfa weevil in agricultural systems. These parasitoids have been introduced to North America as part of classical biological control programs. A distinctive behavioral trait occurs in B. anura, whose cocooned larvae jump up to 5 cm to locate favorable microhabitats.
Bathyplectes curculionis
Bathyplectes curculionis is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae that attacks larvae of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), a major pest of alfalfa crops. It has been introduced and established in various regions as a biological control agent. Field studies indicate that its populations are influenced by sugar availability, including aphid honeydew and floral nectar. In some regions, it has been displaced by the congener Bathyplectes anurus, which exhibits superior reproductive capacity, more rapid host handling, and avoidance of host encapsulation.
Bathyplectes infernalis
Bathyplectes infernalis is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a biological control agent of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), a major agricultural pest in western North America. The species has been introduced and released in the United States as part of classical biological control programs. It is one of several Bathyplectes species used to manage weevil populations in alfalfa fields.
Bdella
Bdella is a genus of predatory mites in the family Bdellidae. Species in this genus are active predators of small arthropods and function as biological control agents of pest species such as spider mites and springtails. The genus has a wide geographic distribution, with records from Europe, Northern America, and China. Life cycle stages include larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult.
Bdellidae
Snout Mites
Bdellidae is a family of moderate to large-sized predatory mites commonly known as snout mites. The family contains approximately 11 genera and at least 278 described species worldwide. They are distinguished by their elongated, snout-like gnathosoma and elbowed pedipalps bearing two long terminal setae (one in the genus Monotrichobdella). Members inhabit diverse environments including soil, leaf litter, vegetation, and intertidal zones.
Bdellodes
Bdellodes is a genus of predatory mites in the family Bdellidae. The genus includes Bdellodes lapidaria, a species native to Australia that has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control agent against the lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis), a pest of pasture legumes.
Bellura densa
Pickerelweed Borer Moth
Bellura densa, commonly known as the pickerelweed borer moth, is a noctuid moth species native to eastern and southeastern North America. The species is notable for its aquatic or semi-aquatic larval biology, with caterpillars that bore into and feed on wetland plants. Adults are medium-sized moths with a wingspan of 35–50 mm. The species is associated with freshwater wetland habitats and has been documented from Maryland to Florida and west to Indiana and Louisiana.
Belvosia
Belvosia is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Goniini. The genus contains over 100 species distributed across the New World from Canada to Argentina. Belvosia species are parasitoids of caterpillars, with females laying microtype eggs on host food plant foliage that are ingested by feeding larvae. A 2023 revision described 33 new species from Costa Rica, bringing the total from 72 to 107 species.
Belvosia unifasciata
Belvosia unifasciata is a species of tachinid fly, a family of bristle flies known for their role as parasitoids of other insects. The species was first described by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830 under the name Latreillia unifasciata. Like other members of the genus Belvosia, it is an internal parasite of caterpillars, specifically documented as a parasitoid of the White-lined Sphinx moth (Hyles lineata).
Bembidion lampros
A small ground beetle native to Europe, now established in North America. Adults overwinter and reproduce in early spring in arable fields, where they function as generalist predators of cereal aphids. The species exhibits wing dimorphism with three phenotypes, though macropterous individuals rarely possess functional flight muscles. Low lifetime fecundity (approximately 10 eggs per female) and high juvenile mortality (66%) make population dynamics sensitive to conditions during larval development.
Bembidion quadrimaculatum
Garden Bembidion Beetle
Bembidion quadrimaculatum is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae with a broad distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia, North America, and Southern Asia. The species is recognized as an important component of agricultural ecosystems, where it serves as a beneficial predator. Multiple subspecies have been described, including the nominate B. q. quadrimaculatum and the North American B. q. oppositum. Populations have been observed to respond positively to conservation tillage practices in agricultural settings.
Berytidae
stilt bugs, thread bugs
Berytidae, commonly known as stilt bugs or thread bugs, is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by exceptionally long, slender legs and elongated bodies. The family contains approximately 200 species worldwide, classified into three subfamilies: Berytinae, Gampsocorinae, and Metacanthinae. Members range from 3-10 mm in length and display coloration from brown to yellow. While most species are phytophagous, feeding on plant sap, some exhibit predatory behavior on small insects. Several species are economically significant as pests of cultivated crops, particularly tomatoes and tobacco, where feeding damage can cause flower abortion, fruit distortion, and unsalable produce.
Bessa harveyi
Bessa harveyi is a tachinid fly parasitoid that attacks the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, in North American larch forests. The species exhibits bivoltinism, with a partial second generation emerging in fall after host larvae have completed feeding; these fall-emerging adults rarely reproduce successfully due to scarcity of alternate hosts. Despite being a common parasite, it is ineffective at preventing or terminating outbreaks of its host. Population dynamics are strongly influenced by photoperiod and temperature, with warm, prolonged summers under long-day conditions increasing bivoltinism-related mortality.
Bethylidae
Flat wasps
Bethylidae is a family of aculeate wasps in the superfamily Chrysidoidea, commonly known as flat wasps due to their dorsoventrally compressed body form. The family exhibits a biology intermediate between parasitoid and predatory wasps: females sting and paralyze prey (primarily beetle and lepidopteran larvae), then oviposit on the immobilized hosts. Most species are small (2–10 mm), with females often wingless or apterous while males are always winged. The family contains eight recognized subfamilies and approximately 96 genera, with highest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions.
Bethylinae
Bethylinae is a subfamily of small, stout-bodied parasitoid wasps within the family Bethylidae. Members are characterized by reduced wing venation and a compact, often humpbacked appearance. The subfamily contains numerous species that parasitize the larvae of beetles and moths, with females typically searching for concealed hosts in plant material or soil. Bethylinae is distinguished from other bethylid subfamilies by specific morphological features of the antennae and mesosoma.
Bicyrtes fodiens
Bicyrtes fodiens is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North and Middle America. Like other members of its genus, it is a fossorial species that excavates burrows in sandy or coarse soil to provision with paralyzed true bugs for its larval offspring. The species is part of a guild of beneficial predatory wasps that help control pest insect populations, including stink bugs. Adults are nectar-feeders and can often be observed visiting flowers.
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Four-banded Stink Bug Wasp, four-banded stink bug hunter wasp
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus is a sand wasp native to North America, east of the Rocky Mountains. Females construct solitary burrows in sandy soil to provision with paralyzed true bugs, primarily stink bugs (Pentatomidae), as food for their larvae. The species has gained attention for its role as a native biological control agent of the invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys). Adults are nectar-feeders and can be readily observed at flowers.
Billaea
Billaea is a genus of tachinid flies comprising approximately 80 described species. Most larvae are parasitoids of beetle larvae, particularly cerambycids and lucanids, with some species attacking lepidopteran hosts in the family Pyralidae. Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for agricultural and forestry pests, including palm weevils and sugarcane borers.
Tachinidaeparasitoidbiological-controlCerambycidaeDryophthoridaeCrambidaeviviparousplanidiaforest-pestagricultural-pestoil-palmsugarcanepalm-weevilwood-borersoutheast-AsiaSouth-AmericaEuropeBulgariaBrazilTurkeyMexicoPeruintegrated-pest-managementnatural-enemyhost-searchingkairomonessuperparasitismmass-rearingGalleria-mellonellalaboratory-hostfrassgallerytunnelpupal-parasitoidlarval-parasitoidectoparasitoidendoparasitoidColeopteraLepidopteraDipteraBrachyceraDexiinaeDexiiniRobineau-Desvoidy-183080-speciesglobal-distributionforestryagricultureornamental-palmsdate-palmcoconutRhynchophorusDiatraeaPrionusXylotrechusclimate-matchingestablishment-potentialMediterraneanMiddle-EastCaliforniainvasive-speciesred-palm-weevilAmerican-palm-weevilred-ring-diseasevector-controlnatural-mortalitypest-managementsustainable-agriculturehost-specificitytrophic-associationnew-host-recordparasitism-ratefield-parasitismlaboratory-rearingadult-longevityfecunditysex-ratiopupal-viabilitypupal-durationplanidia-lengthfood-resourcespollenhoneysucroseflowering-plantsspontaneous-floracompanion-plantshabitat-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlquarantinehost-rangecircumstantial-evidencetaxonomic-confusionB.-rhynchophoraeB.-menezesiB.-adelphaB.-claripalpisB.-rutilansB.-cerambycivoraB.-steiniB.-fortisB.-irrorataB.-pectinataB.-setosaB.-trianguliferaB.-lataB.-intermediaB.-biserialisB.-giganteaB.-rubensB.-maritimaB.-marmorataB.-aurifronsB.-verticalisB.-flavaB.-chinensisB.-brevicaudaB.-kurahashiiB.-micronychiaB.-papeiB.-setigeraB.-yintiaolingB.-rufescensB.-triquetrusB.-rubidaB.-rufiventrisB.-brasiliensisB.-friburgensisB.-giacomeliB.-kosteraeB.-plaumanniB.-shannoniB.-africanaB.-argentaureaB.-atkinsoniB.-capensisB.-communisB.-decisaB.-edwardsiB.-erectaB.-ficorumB.-grandisB.-impigraB.-interruptaB.-kolomyetziB.-luteolaB.-malayanaB.-minorB.-monohammiB.-montanaB.-morosaB.-nipigonensisB.-orbitalisB.-ovataB.-quadrinotaB.-rhingiaeformisB.-robustaB.-satisfactaB.-sibleyiB.-sjostedtiB.-solivagaB.-trivittataB.-trochanterataB.-vanemdeniB.-velutinaB.-versicolorB.-villeneuveiB.-vitripennisB.-ziminiB.-lateralisB.-lativentrisBillaea sibleyi
Billaea sibleyi is a species of tachinid fly in the family Tachinidae. The genus Billaea comprises parasitoid flies that attack various insect hosts. Billaea sibleyi has been documented in North America. As with other tachinid flies, the larvae are parasitoids that develop on or within host insects.