Overwintering
Guides
Pollenia griseotomentosa
cluster fly
Pollenia griseotomentosa is a Palaearctic cluster fly and the smallest British species in the genus Pollenia, measuring 4.5–8.0 mm in body length. It is distinguished from congeners by specific morphological characters including lack of pale wing tuft, yellow to pale brown posterior thoracic spiracle lappets, dark palpi and basicosta, and characteristic bristle patterns. Like other cluster flies, adults overwinter in sheltered locations including buildings, where they aggregate in large numbers and may become nuisance pests. The species has been introduced to North America, with records from Canada and the northeastern United States.
Pytho americanus
dead log beetle
Pytho americanus is a species of dead log beetle in the family Pythidae. It is native to North America, with records from Canada and the northern United States. The species exhibits notable cold tolerance adaptations, including the ability to overwinter in both larval and adult stages and the synthesis of glycerol during cold acclimation. These physiological traits allow it to persist in climates with severe winter conditions.
Scoliopteryx
herald moth
Scoliopteryx is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, established by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1810. The genus contains two described species, including Scoliopteryx libatrix (the herald moth), which is notable for its troglophilic behavior and cave-dwelling habits during winter. Species in this genus have been studied for their unique ecological associations, including shared hibernacula with insectivorous bats and susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi.
Scoliopteryx libatrix
Herald Moth, Herald
Scoliopteryx libatrix, commonly known as the herald moth, is a noctuid moth distributed across the Holarctic region. Adults are notable for their distinctive wing patterning and behavior of overwintering in caves, mines, and similar sheltered structures. The species has been documented as a host for entomopathogenic fungi and shares hibernacula with insectivorous bats. Its acoustic sensitivity to bat echolocation frequencies, combined with an absence of evasive flight responses during hibernation, represents an unusual behavioral adaptation.
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
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Tachyporus is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the tribe Tachyporini, serving as the type genus for both its tribe and subfamily. The genus comprises approximately 35 species in North and Central America alone, with additional species in Europe and other regions. Species such as Tachyporus hypnorum have been extensively studied for their role as generalist predators in agricultural ecosystems, particularly in cereal fields where they contribute to aphid control.
Thecabius
Thecabius is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. Species occur in Europe and North America. At least one species, Thecabius affinis, exhibits dormancy with substantial lipid accumulation during overwintering. The genus contains at least two described species: T. affinis and T. anemoni.
Trichonephila clavata
Jorō spider, Joro Spider, Parachute spider
Trichonephila clavata, commonly known as the Jorō spider, is a large orb-weaving spider native to East Asia that has become established as an invasive species in the southeastern United States since approximately 2010. First confirmed in Georgia in 2014, it has expanded rapidly across multiple states through a combination of ballooning dispersal and human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its substantial size, striking coloration, and extensive golden webs, but poses minimal risk to humans due to small fangs and docile behavior. Its physiological adaptations—including higher metabolic rate, faster heart rate, and greater cold tolerance than its congener Trichonephila clavipes—suggest potential for continued northward range expansion.
invasive-speciesorb-weaverballooningurban-wildlifebiological-controlcold-tolerancestartle-responsecannibalismkleptoparasitismJapanese-folkloreNephilidaeTrichonephilaspider-silkrange-expansionphysiological-adaptationurban-ecologyagricultural-pest-predatoriNaturalistGeorgiaMarylandEast-AsiaUnited-Statesspider-bitevenomdocilenon-aggressiveweb-architectureegg-sacoverwinteringsexual-dimorphismmetabolic-rateheart-ratefreeze-toleranceroad-ecologyprey-capturecompetitionnative-spider-impactspublic-perceptionmedia-sensationalismmanagementpesticide-alternativesbroom-removalornamentalstructural-pestornithologycardinalweb-strengthtrophic-interactionsDNA-metabarcodingdiet-analysisspecies-distribution-modelphysiological-entomologybehavioral-ecologyarachnologyballooning-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalhitchhikercargo-stowawayport-of-entryclimate-changewarmingnorthward-expansionDMVHoward-CountyElkridgeIlchesterWest-Elkridgebeech-forestsecondary-forestsuburbanroadsidetelephone-polestreetlampforest-edgedisturbance-toleranceprey-detectionvibrational-noiseauditory-disturbancemotionlessfreezingshynessHannibal-Lecterstink-buglanternflyevolutionary-historyancient-associationecosystem-servicebiocontrolnatural-enemyinvasive-pestbrown-marmorated-stink-bugspotted-lanternflyHalyomorpha-halysLycorma-delicatulacompetitive-exclusiondominant-orb-weaverabundantpopulation-growthrapid-spreadrange-span120,000-km2physiological-plasticitymetabolismtwice-as-high77%-higher-heart-rate74%-freeze-survivaldevelopment-rateseasonal-windowlife-cycle-completionthermal-limitationcongener-comparisonnatural-dispersalhuman-transportiNaturalist-recordcitizen-scienceconfirmed-sightingbreeding-populationmale-and-femalegravid-femaleegg-casestowawaycargo-containerport-introductionlocal-portvehicle-transporthitchhikingaccelerated-arrivalseveral-yearsnatural-meansprognosticationpredictionmodelsuitable-habitatabundant-suitable-habitateastern-North-Americawestern-North-Americapotential-rangeinvasive-rangepotential-impactenvironmental-impactecological-impactecosystem-impactmonitorcautiousevidence-basedreasonable-journalismsensationalismexaggerationuncritical-acceptanceharmlesscarefully-monitorednext-stepsresearch-opportunitycall-for-researchknowledge-gaplittle-knownnovel-ecosystemspreadingrapidly-expandinginvasive-predatorinvasive-orb-weavernon-nativeintroducedestablishedcolonizedthrivingdoing-finehappymerely-20-minutes-awayroad-tripvisitaccess-spreadbeech-leaf-diseaseBLDstate-forestremarkable-colonyamongst-beech-treesconfirmed-prognosticationDavis-and-Frickescape-relative-warmthexpand-range-northwardeastern-seaboardmerely-20-minutes-away-from-homeresist-opportunityamazing-predatorstales-of-arrivalprevious-episodes20222024reduce-angstlarge-non-native-spiderestablishing-in-DMVfacts-presentedpast-episodevenomous-terrible-painfulNahexpert-Rick-Hoebekerisks-smallpuny-fangsunlikely-pierce-skinvideocompletely-non-aggressiveeastern-Howard-Countyhaphazard-webslittered-with-remainsformer-victimsleavesshed-exoskeletonsmuch-larger-femaledwarfs-matepositioned-just-abovestrand-of-silkspinneretsunderside-of-abdomennear-red-moundrelative-to-handlarge-and-docilewait-and-seewhat-Jorō-means-to-ecosystemshelp-other-spidersput-a-beat-down-on-invasive-pestsstink-bugsspotted-lanternfliespassive-huntersenormous-webslarger-than-a-meter-in-diametercapture-prey-snared-in-silkarachnophobes-scaryarachnophiles-beautifulimportant-ecosystem-servicescrop-pestsnative-rangeAsiahaving-an-old-friend-over-for-dinnerreunitefirst-timelarge-spidersjuicy-prey-itemsfeathered-and-non-feathered-reptilesposes-no-known-threatdifficult-to-predict-impactnon-native-speciesexperts-suggestbeyond-scary-miengive-indigenous-large-orb-weavers-run-for-their-moneyblack-and-yellow-garden-spidermarbled-orb-weaverspotted-orb-weaverother-parts-of-worldmost-abundant-and-dominant-orb-weaverwhat-will-it-meanonly-time-will-tellfinal-tidbitJorō-shapeshifterJorō-gumobeautiful-womanseduces-menbinds-with-silkdevoursbad-dateacknowledgementsRick-Hoebekeidentifying-JorōinsightsDavid-CoyleBob-Bellingergreat-imagesknowledgestudiesVeni-vidi-viciNelsen-et-al.Physiological-evaluationNephila-clavata-newly-recordedHoebeke-et-al.Life-Cycle-Habitat-and-VariationMooreStartle-responsesDavis-and-AneraoHow-Urban-Tolerant-Are-TheyDavis-et-al.inspirationdetailsstarsDave-ClementMiri-TalabacMaddie-Potterhooked-up-with-colonydifferentiateresources.ipmcenters.orglinkJorō-guruDavid-Coyle's-takeYouTubecalm-your-fearsJournal-of-Economic-EntomologyJournal-of-Medical-Entomologychemical-management-strategieseffective-management-methodsspider-control-productssafe-and-effectiveunlikely-to-bitegenerally-harmlessbig-spiderscolorful-spidersinvasive-spidersin-your-face-spiderswebs-on-homeslandscape-plantsstructuresmiddle-of-where-people-live-work-and-playnorthern-Georgia-2014presumed-arrived-few-years-prior15-yearsincreased-dramaticallymuch-of-Southeastdisjunct-populationsnortheastern-U.S.firestorm-of-interestrapidly-expanding-rangesoutheastern-statesmany-countiesCarol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rosette weevils, crown weevils
A genus of small true weevils native to the Palearctic region. Several species have been widely introduced to North America, Australia, and New Zealand as biological control agents for invasive thistles. The genus was historically treated as containing a single species, T. horridus, but integrative taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological data have revealed multiple distinct species with different host associations.
weevilbiological-controlthistleinvasive-species-managementCeutorhynchinaerosette-feederCeutorhynchiniBaridinaetaxonomic-revisionclassical-biological-controlCarduusCirsiumOnopordumPalearctic-nativeintroduced-speciesmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomyunivoltineleaf-mineragricultural-pest-controlpasture-weed-managementspecies-complexhost-specificitymusk-thistleplumeless-thistleScotch-thistleIllyrian-thistlewelted-thistleItalian-thistlecrown-weevilrosette-weeviloviposition-behavioroverwinteringegg-stagelarval-stageadult-stagedecaying-organic-mattersoil-surfacenon-photosynthetic-leavesgreen-leavesleaf-midribspetiolesleaf-miningnotching-damagerosette-survivalflowering-stem-reductionseed-production-reductionrosette-mortalitypopulation-density-effectsmark-recapturedispersal-patternsartificial-diet-rearinglaboratory-culturevitamin-supplementationlyophilized-thistle-rootsergosterolcasein-hydrolysate7-dehydrocholesterolsucroselarval-survivaladult-longevityovipositionfemale-fecundityfield-cage-experimentsindividual-cage-experimentsgrowth-parameter-reductionpre-release-host-specificity-testingpost-release-monitoringestablishment-successrange-expansionforested-areasagricultural-landpasturesmall-farmscropsdisturbed-habitatsmeadowsdense-patchesrosette-size-preferencespatial-distributionselective-ovipositionautumn-egg-layingwinter-larval-developmentspring-pupationlate-summer-adult-emergencesoil-overwinteringplant-debris-overwinteringrachisleaf-dissectiondestructive-samplingnon-destructive-samplingsampling-biaslife-stage-detectionestablished-populationsmitochondrial-COInuclear-EF-1αmorphological-charactershost-plant-associationssynonymyspecies-validityintroduction-historyrelease-recordsestablishment-recordsOld-World-nativeNew-World-introductionSouthern-Hemisphere-introductionAustraliaNew-ZealandNorth-AmericaVirginiaSouthwest-VirginiaEuropeSpainFranceGermanyItalySwitzerlandAustriaScandinaviaDenmarkNorwaySwedenColonnelli-1979Panzer-1801Alonso-Zarazaga-&-Sánchez-Ruiz-2002Ceutorhynchinae-vs-Baridinaesubfamily-placementtribe-placementtrue-weevilsCurculionidaeColeopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimalia882-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-recordsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-TaxonomyBulletin-of-Entomological-ResearchJournal-of-Applied-EcologyJournal-of-Entomological-ScienceAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaEnvironmental-EntomologyDOI-10.1017/s000748531500084xDOI-10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00747.xDOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.324DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.330DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.465DOI-10.1093/aesa/73.6.694DOI-10.1093/ee/10.5.691Trichoton sordidum
Trichoton sordidum is a small, flightless darkling beetle (Tenebrionidae) native to the Sonoran Desert borderlands of southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The species exhibits sophisticated behavioral thermoregulation, including photonegativity and temperature-dependent activity patterns. Under resource limitation or environmental stress, individuals form adhesive aggregations or physical clumps of 2–10 beetles as a threat evasion mechanism. Dispersal follows cohesive patterns consistent with Minimum Risk Distribution models.
darkling-beetleSonoran-Desertthermoregulationaggregation-behaviorflightlessclumpingdispersalMinimum-Risk-Distributionphotonegativecreosote-bushrocky-habitatbehavioral-ecologyarid-adaptedcrevice-dwellingseasonal-activityoverwinteringresource-limitation-responsegroup-defensecatalepsyagonistic-displaycohesive-dispersaladhesive-aggregationthermal-stress-responsecreosotemesquitecactusthornscrubgravelly-soilbajadafoothillsPima-CountyCatalina-MountainsTucsonFlorence-ArizonaPinal-MountainsUS-Mexico-borderlandssubtropical-arid305-mm-rainfall40-lux-activity18-28°C-optimal28°C-matingmid-January-to-mid-February-overwinteringmid-March-activity-onsetequal-sex-ratio-groupstwo-stacks-to-ten-stackselytra-overlapthreat-evasionhabitat-fragmentation-responserocky-crevicesfoundation-crevicesunder-rockssparsely-vegetatedno-turfno-grassesscattered-low-brushlarge-rock-accumulationssemiaridarid-land-beetlebehavioral-mechanismheat-avoidancelight-avoidancehumidity-regulationhabitat-structure-regulationsophisticated-behavioral-regulationevolved-aggregationgroup-thermoregulationresource-clumpingenvironmental-stress-responsecaptive-behavioral-studyfield-behavioral-studyLeConte-1851TenebrionidaeColeopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaGBIF-MexicoiNaturalist-100-observationsJournal-of-Insect-Sciencestudent-researchdispersal-ecologyclumping-ecologyaggregation-ecologyarid-land-entomologydesert-beetle-ecologybehavioral-thermoregulationactivity-temperature-rangemating-temperature-thresholdseasonal-phenologyoverwintering-phenologyactivity-cyclesleeping-behaviorforaging-behaviormating-behaviorcohesive-movementrapid-dispersalfragmented-environment-responselimited-resource-responseextreme-condition-responseheat-tolerancelight-tolerancecreosote-bush-associationmesquite-associationcactus-associationdesert-thornscrubSonoran-Desert-beetleArizona-beetleMexican-beetleborderlands-beetleelevation-600-730mrocky-hill-beetlegravelly-soil-beetlebajada-beetlefoothill-beetlecrevice-beetlefoundation-beetlerock-dwelling-beetlearid-habitat-specialistbehavioral-specialistaggregation-specialistclumping-specialistthermoregulation-specialistdispersal-specialistMinimum-Risk-Distribution-modelphysical-clumpinggroup-clumpingstacking-behaviorelytra-stackingoverlapping-elytragroup-size-2-10sex-ratio-equalfive-male-five-female-groupscataleptic-behavioragonistic-behaviordisplay-behaviorthreat-response-behaviorevasion-behaviordefense-behaviorgroup-defense-behaviorcoordinated-behaviorsophisticated-behaviorevolved-behaviorbehavioral-adaptationarid-adaptationdesert-adaptationthermal-adaptationlight-adaptationhabitat-adaptationresource-limitation-adaptationfragmentation-adaptationenvironmental-stress-adaptationbehavioral-plasticityaggregation-plasticityclumping-plasticitydispersal-plasticityactivity-plasticityseasonal-plasticityphenological-plasticitybehavioral-ecology-studydispersal-studyclumping-studyaggregation-studythermoregulation-studyactivity-studymating-studyoverwintering-studyhabitat-studydistribution-studyelevation-studyrocky-habitat-studycrevice-habitat-studyfoundation-habitat-studySonoran-Desert-studyArizona-studyborderlands-studyarid-land-studydesert-studystudent-paperresearch-paperscientific-publicationentomologycoleopterologytenebrionidologydesert-entomologybehavioral-entomologyecological-entomologydispersal-entomologyaggregation-entomologythermoregulation-entomologyphenology-entomologyhabitat-entomologydistribution-entomologyelevation-entomologyrocky-entomologycrevice-entomologyfoundation-entomologyborderlands-entomologyUS-Mexico-entomologysubtropical-entomologyarid-entomologybeetletenebrionidTrichotonsordidumTrichoton-sordidumsmall-beetleflightless-beetlerocky-beetledesert-beetlearid-beetleSonoran-beetlecreosote-beetlemesquite-beetlecactus-beetlethornscrub-beetlerock-beetleclumping-beetleaggregating-beetledispersing-beetlethermoregulating-beetlephotonegative-beetleoverwintering-beetlemating-beetleforaging-beetlesleeping-beetleactive-beetlehigh-temperature-beetlelight-avoiding-beetlehumidity-regulating-beetlehabitat-structure-regulating-beetleresource-limited-beetlefragmented-environment-beetlestressed-environment-beetleevolved-beetlesophisticated-beetlebehavioral-beetleecological-beetledecomposer-beetleleaf-debris-beetlecaptive-beetlefield-beetlestudied-beetleobserved-beetlerecorded-beetleGBIF-beetleiNaturalist-beetleJournal-of-Insect-Science-beetlestudent-research-beetledispersal-pattern-beetleclumping-behavior-beetleaggregation-pattern-beetlethermoregulation-pattern-beetleactivity-pattern-beetlemating-pattern-beetleoverwintering-pattern-beetlehabitat-pattern-beetledistribution-pattern-beetleelevation-pattern-beetlerocky-pattern-beetlecrevice-pattern-beetlefoundation-pattern-beetleSonoran-pattern-beetleArizona-pattern-beetleborderlands-pattern-beetlearid-pattern-beetledesert-pattern-beetlebehavioral-pattern-beetleecological-pattern-beetleMinimum-Risk-Distribution-beetleadhesive-aggregation-beetlephysical-clump-beetlegroup-clump-beetlestack-beetleelytra-overlap-beetlegroup-size-beetlesex-ratio-beetleequal-sex-ratio-beetlecatalepsy-beetleagonistic-display-beetlethreat-evasion-beetledefense-beetlegroup-defense-beetlecoordinated-beetleadapted-beetlearid-adapted-beetledesert-adapted-beetlethermally-adapted-beetlelight-adapted-beetlehabitat-adapted-beetleresource-adapted-beetlefragmentation-adapted-beetlestress-adapted-beetleplastic-beetleaggregation-plastic-beetleclumping-plastic-beetledispersal-plastic-beetleactivity-plastic-beetleseasonal-plastic-beetlephenological-plastic-beetlebehavioral-ecology-beetledispersal-ecology-beetleclumping-ecology-beetleaggregation-ecology-beetlethermoregulation-ecology-beetleactivity-ecology-beetlemating-ecology-beetleoverwintering-ecology-beetlehabitat-ecology-beetledistribution-ecology-beetleelevation-ecology-beetlerocky-ecology-beetlecrevice-ecology-beetlefoundation-ecology-beetleSonoran-ecology-beetleArizona-ecology-beetleborderlands-ecology-beetlearid-ecology-beetledesert-ecology-beetlestudent-paper-beetleresearch-paper-beetlescientific-publication-beetleentomology-beetlecoleopterology-beetletenebrionidology-beetlearid-land-entomology-beetledesert-entomology-beetlebehavioral-entomology-beetleecological-entomology-beetledispersal-entomology-beetleaggregation-entomology-beetlethermoregulation-entomology-beetlephenology-entomology-beetlehabitat-entomology-beetledistribution-entomology-beetleelevation-entomology-beetlerocky-entomology-beetlecrevice-entomology-beetlefoundation-entomology-beetleborderlands-entomology-beetleUS-Mexico-entomology-beetlesubtropical-entomology-beetlearid-entomology-beetleXysticus speciese
Xysticus speciese is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. The genus Xysticus is characterized by ambush hunting behavior and distinctive leg morphology adapted for seizing prey. Members of this genus are typically ground-dwelling and known to overwinter as adults or immatures.
Zetzellia mali
apple mite, Zetzellia mite
Zetzellia mali is a predatory mite in the family Stigmaeidae, widely distributed across apple-growing regions of the world. This small arachnid serves as an important natural enemy of phytophagous mites in orchards, particularly targeting spider mites (Tetranychidae) and eriophyid mites. The species exhibits a three-generation annual life cycle in temperate climates, with adult females overwintering in protected locations on host trees. While less efficient at population regulation than some competing predatory mites such as phytoseiids, Z. mali contributes significantly to biological control in integrated pest management programs.