Holarctic

Guides

Hellinsia
Hellinsia is a genus of plume moths in the family Pterophoridae, established by J.W. Tutt in 1905 and named in honor of entomologist John Hellins. The genus comprises numerous species distributed across the Holarctic region, with documented occurrences in North America, Europe, and Asia. Species identification relies heavily on genitalia morphology and wing pattern characteristics. Notable biological findings include the first documented case of ovoviviparity in an Arctic population of H. albilobata.
plume-moth Pterophoridae Holarctic ovoviviparity Arctic-adaptation genitalia-based-identification Lepidoptera entomology John-Hellins Tutt-1905
Helophilus groenlandicus
Black-margined Marsh Fly
Helophilus groenlandicus, commonly known as the Black-margined Marsh Fly, is a hoverfly in the family Syrphidae. Adults are flower visitors that obtain nectar and pollen. The species occurs across the northern Holarctic region. Larval biology is not directly documented for this species, though related Helophilus species develop in wet decaying organic material with rat-tailed maggot morphology.
hoverfly syrphid pollinator mimicry wetland Holarctic rat-tailed-maggot
Helophilus lapponicus
Yellow-margined Marsh Fly
Helophilus lapponicus is a Holarctic species of hoverfly found across northern North America, northern Europe, Greenland, and Siberia. Adults are medium-sized syrphid flies, 12.5–13.5 mm in length, commonly observed visiting flowers for nectar and pollen. The species is distinguished by yellow abdominal markings and specific wing venation. Larval biology remains undocumented, though congeneric species develop in wet decaying organic matter.
hoverfly syrphid flower-fly Holarctic pollinator marsh-fly Diptera Syrphidae Helophilus northern-species wetland-indicator-(larval-habitat-inferred)
Helophoridae
water scavenger beetles, crawling water beetles
Helophoridae is a family of small aquatic beetles within the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, containing the single genus Helophorus. The family comprises approximately 191 species distributed primarily across the Holarctic region, with 150 species in the Palearctic and 41 in North America. A limited number of species occur in the Afrotropical region (six species), Central America, and the Indomalayan region (one species in northern India). Species inhabit diverse freshwater habitats including springs, ponds, temporary pools, and running waters, with many showing strong associations with specific hydrological regimes.
aquatic freshwater Holarctic crawling spring pond temporary-pool bioindicator conservation
Helophorus sibiricus
Helophorus sibiricus is a water scavenger beetle notable for its exceptional longevity as a species. Fossil specimens from the Early Miocene (16-23 million years ago) of western Siberia have been reliably assigned to this extant species, making it one of the longest-documented living insect species. It inhabits standing waters across a broad Holarctic range.
fossil long-lived-species Holarctic Miocene aquatic-beetle
Helophorus tuberculatus
Helophorus tuberculatus is a Holarctic species of water scavenger beetle in the family Helophoridae. It is distributed across northern Europe, Russia, northern Asia, and North America. The species inhabits aquatic environments and is part of a genus known for species-specific pronotal granulation that aids identification. Like other Helophorus species, it is presumed to have terrestrial predaceous larvae.
water-scavenger-beetle Holarctic aquatic-beetle Helophoridae Coleoptera freshwater-invertebrate
Hemaris
clearwing moths, hummingbird moths, bee hawk-moths
Hemaris is a genus of diurnal sphinx moths in the family Sphingidae, native to the Holarctic region. Adults are small, bumblebee mimics with transparent wing patches created by shed scales, and are often mistaken for hummingbirds in flight. The genus includes 23 accepted species, with five native to North America and three to Europe. Larvae are hornworms that feed primarily on plants in the honeysuckle and teasel families.
bumblebee-mimicry diurnal-moths pollinators hornworms transparent-wings Holarctic
Hemerobius stigma
brown pine lacewing
Hemerobius stigma is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae. It is commonly known as the brown pine lacewing. The species has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. It was introduced to New Zealand in 1935 as a biological control agent for adelgids on pine plantations but failed to establish.
brown-lacewing biological-control pine adelgid-predator Holarctic
Hemipenthes
Hemipenthes is a large genus of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) comprising numerous described species distributed across the Holarctic and Palearctic regions. Adults are small to large robust flies measuring 5–14 mm in body length. The genus is distinguished from similar bee fly genera by characteristic wing venation patterns. A significant taxonomic revision occurred in 2020, when several species were transferred to the new genus Ins.
bee-flies hyperparasitoid Diptera Bombyliidae Holarctic Palearctic
Henotiderus centromaculatus
silken fungus beetle
Henotiderus centromaculatus is a species of silken fungus beetle in the family Cryptophagidae, first described by Reitter in 1877. The species has a broad Holarctic distribution, occurring across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. As a member of Cryptophagidae, it is associated with fungal habitats. The specific epithet 'centromaculatus' refers to a central spot or marking pattern on the body.
silken-fungus-beetle Cryptophagidae Holarctic
Hesperia
Branded Skippers
Hesperia is a Holarctic genus of skippers (Hesperiidae) commonly known as the branded skippers. Most species are endemic to North America, with Hesperia comma widespread across the Holarctic, H. florinda restricted to temperate eastern Asia, and H. nabokovi endemic to Hispaniola. The genus contains approximately 25 species characterized by distinctive wing markings and rapid, darting flight patterns typical of skippers.
Hesperiidae skippers branded-skippers grassland-butterflies Holarctic territorial-males
Hesperia comma
silver-spotted skipper, common branded skipper, Holarctic grass skipper
Hesperia comma is a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae with a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. The species exhibits strong habitat specificity for warm, open calcareous grasslands with sparse short vegetation. Males are highly territorial, and the species shows sexual dimorphism with males bearing a wide black sex brand on the forewing. In the United Kingdom, it was historically rare and restricted to chalk downlands of southern England but has experienced significant population recovery through targeted conservation efforts.
skipper grassland-specialist thermophilous conservation-flagship Holarctic
Hesperia comma manitoba
Hesperia comma manitoba is a subspecies of the common branded skipper, a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. Originally described as Pamphila manitoba by Scudder in 1874, this taxon represents a North American population of the widespread Holarctic species Hesperia comma. The species complex shows notable geographic variation across its range.
skipper butterfly North-America Manitoba Holarctic
Hiatomyia
Deltawings
Hiatomyia is a Holarctic genus of hoverflies (family Syrphidae) characterized by a distinctive plumose arista and shiny black coloration. The genus contains approximately 22 described species, with authorship dating to Shannon (1922). These flies are relatively poorly known compared to many other syrphid genera, with limited observational data available.
hoverfly Syrphidae Holarctic plumose-arista Rhingiini black-flies Diptera
Hilaira
dwarf spiders
Hilaira is a genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884. The genus contains 25 species distributed across the Holarctic region, with particularly high diversity in northern Eurasia and North America. Species occur in a range of cold-temperate to subarctic habitats including boreal forests, tundra, and mountainous regions. Several species are restricted to high-latitude or high-elevation environments.
dwarf-spiders Holarctic cold-adapted boreal subarctic Linyphiidae
Hilaira herniosa
Hilaira herniosa is a species of sheet-web weaving spider in the family Linyphiidae, one of the largest families of spiders. First described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1875 under the name Erigone herniosa, this small-bodied spider has a documented distribution spanning the Holarctic region, including northern Europe, Asia, and North America. The species inhabits moist, cool environments typical of many linyphiid spiders. Specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
spider sheet-web-weaver Holarctic small-bodied ground-dwelling moist-habitat
Hippodamia arctica
Arctic lady beetle
Hippodamia arctica is a small lady beetle species in the family Coccinellidae with a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. Adults measure approximately 4–4.5 mm and display a distinctive black body with yellowish-red markings. The species inhabits northern boreal and arctic-alpine regions, with records from British Columbia, Labrador, Yukon, Alaska, and across northern Eurasia.
lady-beetle Holarctic arctic boreal Coccinellidae small-size
Histerini
clown beetles
Histerini is a tribe of clown beetles (Histeridae) comprising at least 540 described species. Members are primarily associated with decomposing organic matter, particularly dung, where they function as predators. The tribe includes genera such as Hister, Margarinotus, and Atholus. Several species have experienced population declines in parts of their range due to agricultural intensification.
Coleoptera Histeridae predator dung-associated agricultural-indicator population-decline forest-habitat Holarctic Oriental Afrotropical
Holoboreaphilus nordenskioldi
Holoboreaphilus nordenskioldi is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Omaliinae. It has a Holarctic distribution spanning northern regions of North America and Eurasia. The species was described by Mäklin in 1878 and is placed in the tribe Coryphiini. Like other members of this genus, it is associated with northern boreal and arctic-alpine habitats.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Omaliinae Coryphiini Holarctic boreal arctic-alpine cold-adapted Siberia Alaska Canada
Homorosoma
minute seed weevils
Homorosoma is a genus of minute seed weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by Frivaldszky in 1894. The genus contains approximately nine described species distributed across Europe and North America. Members are small beetles associated with seed feeding habits typical of the Ceutorhynchinae subfamily.
Curculionidae Ceutorhynchinae seed-weevil Holarctic phytophagous
Hybauchenidium gibbosum
Hybauchenidium gibbosum is a dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, originally described from Greenland by Sørensen in 1898. It has a broad Holarctic distribution spanning northern Eurasia and North America. As with most linyphiids, it is small-bodied and ground-dwelling, though detailed natural history remains poorly documented.
dwarf-spider sheet-web-weaver Holarctic Arctic boreal
Hybomitra
horse flies
Hybomitra is a genus of horse flies in the family Tabanidae, containing at least 240 described species. The genus includes Hybomitra hinei, which holds the record for the fastest flying insect, with males documented reaching 89 miles per hour while pursuing air rifle pellets. Species in this genus are found across the Holarctic region, with records from Scandinavia, North America, and other temperate regions. As with other horse flies, females are blood-feeders while males feed on nectar.
fastest-flying-insect horse-fly blood-feeder Holarctic
Hydaticus aruspex
Hydaticus aruspex is a predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It occurs across the Holarctic region, including North America and Eurasia. As a member of Hydaticus, it is adapted to aquatic life and functions as an active predator in freshwater systems.
predaceous-diving-beetle Holarctic aquatic-insect freshwater-predator
Hydatophylax
northern caddisfly
Hydatophylax is a genus of northern caddisflies (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) comprising approximately 14 described species. Members are found in cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Scandinavia, Japan, and North America. The genus exhibits univoltine life cycles with larval development in freshwater streams.
Trichoptera Limnephilidae caddisfly freshwater univoltine detritivore Holarctic
Hydriomenini
Hydriomenini is a tribe of geometer moths in the subfamily Larentiinae, established by Edward Meyrick in 1872. The tribe comprises approximately 15 recognized genera distributed primarily across the Holarctic region. Members are small to medium-sized moths with characteristic wing patterns and resting postures typical of the broader Larentiinae group. The genus Hydriomena, the type genus, is particularly well-represented in North America and Europe.
geometridae larentiinae moths holarctic edward-meyrick 1872 tribe type-genus-hydriomena
Hydroporus lapponum
Hydroporus lapponum is a predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. The species has a broad Holarctic distribution, occurring across North America and the Palearctic region. It belongs to the genus Hydroporus, a large and diverse group of small diving beetles. The species was first described by Gyllenhal in 1808.
diving-beetle Holarctic predaceous aquatic Dytiscidae Hydroporus
Hydroporus striola
Hydroporus striola is a small predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It has been recorded across the Holarctic region, including North America and the Palearctic. As a member of the genus Hydroporus, it is associated with aquatic habitats.
predaceous-diving-beetle aquatic-beetle Holarctic
Hyles gallii
Bedstraw Hawkmoth, Galium Sphinx
Hyles gallii is a sphinx moth (Sphingidae) commonly known as the Bedstraw Hawkmoth or Galium Sphinx. It is a medium-sized hawkmoth with a wingspan typically ranging 50-70 mm. The species is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America and Eurasia. Adults are known for their rapid, hovering flight and are primarily crepuscular or nocturnal, though they may be active during daylight hours. The larvae feed primarily on plants in the genus Galium (bedstraws), giving the species its common name.
hawkmoth sphinx-moth pollinator Galium-feeder Holarctic crepuscular hovering-flight subterranean-pupation
Hypera diversipunctata
Hypera diversipunctata is a true weevil in the family Curculionidae, first described by Schrank in 1798. The species has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in both North America and Europe. Two subspecies have been recognized: H. d. educta and H. d. seigneurici. The genus Hypera includes several agriculturally significant species, though specific ecological details for H. diversipunctata remain poorly documented.
Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Holarctic Europe North-America
Hyppa
Hyppa is a genus of noctuid moths distributed across the Holarctic region. The genus contains at least six described species, including the widespread Hyppa xylinoides and the type species Hyppa rectilinea. Species within this genus are generally medium-sized moths with relatively nondescript forewing patterns. Larval stages are associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific host relationships remain incompletely documented for most species.
noctuidae noctuinae moths holarctic spring-flying
Ichneumonini
Ichneumonini is a large and diverse tribe of ichneumon wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, containing more than 350 genera and thousands of described species. Members are parasitoid wasps, with genera such as *Anisobas* documented across the Holarctic and Indo-Malaysian regions. The tribe is particularly well-represented in the Nearctic region, with multiple species known from western North America.
parasitoid Ichneumonidae Hymenoptera Holarctic Indo-Malaysian
Idaea dimidiata
Single-dotted Wave
Idaea dimidiata is a small Geometrid moth with a Holarctic distribution. Adults are active from June to August and are attracted to light. The species has shown significant phenological shifts in response to climate change over recent decades.
moth Geometridae Sterrhinae Holarctic wetland univoltine climate-change-response
Idiocerus
Idiocerus is a large genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Lewis in 1834. The genus is taxonomically challenging, with many species exhibiting similar morphology that complicates identification. Species are predominantly associated with woody host plants, particularly poplars (Populus) and willows (Salix), though some species have been documented as pests of mango (Mangifera indica) in India. The genus has a broad distribution across the Holarctic region, with numerous species in both Europe and North America.
leafhopper Cicadellidae poplar willow mango-pest Holarctic phloem-feeder agricultural-pest parasitoid-host taxonomically-difficult
Illiesiella
Illiesiella is a genus of stoneflies in the family Leuctridae, commonly known as needleflies or rolled-winged stoneflies. These small, slender insects inhabit cool, clean freshwater environments. The genus was established to accommodate species previously placed in other leuctrid genera based on distinctive morphological characteristics. Members are found in the Holarctic region, with species distributed across Europe and parts of Asia.
Plecoptera Leuctridae stonefly freshwater Holarctic bioindicator
Ilopina
Ilopina is a genus of small ground beetles in the family Carabidae. These beetles are part of the diverse Bembidiinae subfamily, which contains many species adapted to riparian and moist habitats. The genus is characterized by its compact body form and association with wet environments.
Carabidae Bembidiinae ground-beetles riparian small-beetles Holarctic
Ilythea spilota
shore fly
Ilythea spilota is a Holarctic shore fly in the family Ephydridae. Adults are found along shorelines of small streams. Larvae feed on pinnate diatoms and construct protective cases from sand grains and detritus.
shore-fly Holarctic diatom-feeder case-building-larva
Ipimorpha
The Olive
Ipimorpha is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Hübner in 1821. The genus contains approximately eight described species distributed across the Holarctic region, with records from Europe, Asia, and North America. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized noctuid moths, with several species bearing common names related to their characteristic coloration.
Noctuidae Xylenini Cosmiina moths Holarctic
Irbisia sericans
black grass bug
Irbisia sericans is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is widely distributed across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species is commonly known as a 'black grass bug' and belongs to a genus associated with grass-feeding habits. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.
plant-bug grass-bug piercing-sucking Hemiptera Miridae widespread-distribution Holarctic
Ischnosoma splendidum
Splendid Crab-like Rove Beetle
Ischnosoma splendidum is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, originally described by Gravenhorst in 1806 and later transferred from the genus Mycetoporus to Ischnosoma. It has a broad Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Asia, and North America. The species belongs to a genus of crab-like rove beetles characterized by their distinctive body form and habitat associations with moist, decaying organic matter.
rove-beetle crab-like-rove-beetle Holarctic Staphylinidae Mycetoporinae taxonomic-revision
Isonychiidae
Brush-legged Mayflies
Isonychiidae is a monogeneric family of mayflies containing the single extant genus Isonychia Eaton, 1871, with approximately 37 species distributed across the Holarctic and Oriental regions. The family is characterized by distinctive brush-like or hairy legs in the adult stage, giving rise to the common name "brush-legged mayflies." Species inhabit flowing water habitats, with nymphs occurring on rocky substrates in streams and creeks. The family is among the earliest reported groups of Chinese Ephemeroptera and is relatively abundant at suitable sampling sites.
mayflies aquatic-insects freshwater Holarctic Oriental China streams brush-legged
Isotoma viridis
Green springtail
Isotoma viridis is an elongate-bodied springtail species in the family Isotomidae, first described by Bourlet in 1839. It has a Holarctic distribution and is commonly found in meadows and agricultural fields. The species feeds on fungal hyphae and decaying leaves, playing a role in soil decomposition processes.
springtail Collembola soil-fauna decomposer Holarctic
Isotomiella
Isotomiella is a genus of springtails (Collembola: Isotomidae) established by Bagnall in 1939. The genus contains edaphic (soil-dwelling) species with broad Holarctic distribution. The most studied species, Isotomiella minor, exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction and shows significant intraspecific genetic and physiological variation across urban and natural habitats.
springtail Collembola soil-fauna edaphic parthenogenetic Holarctic
Isotomiella minor
Isotomiella minor is an elongate-bodied springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) with broad Holarctic distribution beyond the high Arctic. The species is parthenogenetic (thelytokous), with no males known. It exhibits remarkable cryptic genetic diversity, with up to nine molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) recognized that show genetic distances comparable to interspecific levels. Populations display adaptive variation in cold tolerance and body size correlated with habitat temperature.
springtail Collembola Isotomidae parthenogenetic soil-fauna cryptic-species Holarctic forest-soil thermal-adaptation
Ixodes affinis
Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.
tick vector Lyme-disease Borrelia-burgdorferi avian-host range-expansion southeastern-United-States Mexico Central-America non-human-biting enzootic-maintenance co-feeding migratory-birds Ixodidae Acari parasite three-host-tick questing-behavior wildlife-disease-ecology forest-habitat dog-parasite white-tailed-deer Carolina-wren white-throated-sparrow Old-Dominion-University-Tick-Team Holly-Gaff Erin-Heller molecular-identification DNA-sequencing engorged-specimen-identification pine-plantation rural-Yucatán hunting-dogs Tixméhuac Opichén seasonal-activity laboratory-rearing immature-stages larva nymph adult pathogen-dispersal climate-change habitat-fragmentation suburbanization deer-population acorn-masting small-mammal-reservoir Borrelia-miyamotoi co-infection tick-borne-disease public-health veterinary-parasitology medical-entomology vector-ecology host-parasite-interaction bird-migration long-distance-dispersal boreal-forest Canada Manitoba Swainson's-thrush Catharus-ustulatus migratory-bird ground-foraging-bird passerine songbird brown-thrasher eastern-towhee American-robin northern-cardinal marsh-rice-rat cotton-mouse eastern-gray-squirrel raccoon southern-short-tailed-shrew eastern-mole white-footed-mouse Peromyscus-leucopus chipmunk Tamias oak-masting Quercus forest-floor questing-height humidity-preference winter-activity tick-removal tick-testing tick-borne-illness-prevention DEET permethrin tick-inspection tick-avoidance AIR-protocol Arachnida Parasitiformes Chelicerata Eukaryota Metazoa Animalia Arthropoda Ixodida hard-tick ixodid Neumann-1899 taxonomy systematics dorsal-scutum capitulum hypostome palps spiracular-plates festoons ornate inornate idiosoma gnathosoma podon scutum alloscutum basis-capituli cornua porose-areas sclerotized cuticle setae sensilla Haller's-organ tarsus claws pulvilli scutum-shape punctations grooves coxae trochanters femora genua tibiae tarsi pretarsi adanal-plates accessory-plates spiracles tracheae salivary-glands midgut Malpighian-tubules reproductive-system ovary testis genital-aperture anus preanal-groove postanal-groove subanal-plates paranal-plates marginal-grooves pseudoscutum scapulars cervical-grooves punctate reticulate shagreened wrinkled smooth glabrous setiferous pilose hispid granular mammillated tuberculate carinated sulcate striate costate lineate punctate-striate reticulate-punctate IXO_aff NCBI:txid GBIF:species Catalogue-of-Life:species iNaturalist:taxon Wikipedia:species Ixodes affinis bird-tick deer-tick dog-tick rabbit-tick shrew-tick mole-tick mouse-tick rat-tick squirrel-tick raccoon-tick wren-tick thrasher-tick robin-tick towhee-tick cardinal-tick sparrow-tick thrush-tick migratory-tick invasive-tick expanding-range emerging-vector cryptic-species species-complex morphological-identification DNA-barcoding COI 16S ITS2 tick-microbiome pathogen-detection Borrelia spirochete zoonosis vector-competence reservoir-competence enzootic-cycle epizootic spillover bridge-vector amplifying-host reservoir-host maintenance-host incidental-host dead-end-host host-specificity host-range host-switching host-race ecological-fitting niche-expansion range-shift phenology diapause overwintering survival mortality fecundity reproductive-output egg-mass oviposition eclosion molting ecdysis instar stadium developmental-time generation-time life-span longevity population-dynamics abundance prevalence intensity aggregation negative-binomial zero-inflated spatial-distribution temporal-distribution habitat-association microhabitat vegetation-type forest-type successional-stage edge-effect fragmentation connectivity matrix corridor patch landscape-ecology geographic-information-system remote-sensing modeling distribution-modeling ecological-niche-modeling MaxEnt BIOMOD climate-envelope bioclimatic-variables temperature precipitation humidity saturation-deficit vapor-pressure-deficit evapotranspiration seasonality phenology-mismatch global-warming extreme-weather drought flood phenological-shift range-contraction poleward-shift elevation-shift altitudinal-gradient latitudinal-gradient continental insular endemic cosmopolitan pantropical holarctic nearctic neotropical palearctic afrotropical oriental australasian oceanian antarctic biogeography phylogeography population-genetics gene-flow genetic-structure isolation-by-distance isolation-by-environment adaptive-evolution local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity cryptic-diversity species-delimitation integrative-taxonomy morphometrics geometric-morphometrics traditional-morphometrics landmark outline semilandmark character-matrix phylogeny classification nomenclature type-specimen holotype paratype syntype lectotype neotype original-description redescription emendation synonymy homonymy priority validity availability published-work ZooBank LSID URN DOI ORCID author year journal volume issue pages figure plate map drawing photograph SEM TEM light-microscopy confocal-microscopy microCT scanning-electron-microscopy transmission-electron-microscopy histology immunohistochemistry in-situ-hybridization PCR qPCR RT-PCR ddPCR sequencing Sanger next-generation Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore genome transcriptome proteome metabolome microbiome virome bacteriome fungome parasitome holobiont symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism pathogenesis virulence transmission vectorial-capacity basic-reproduction-number R0 force-of-infection incidence seroprevalence case-fatality-rate morbidity disability-adjusted-life-year DALY quality-adjusted-life-year QALY cost-effectiveness economic-burden public-health-burden veterinary-burden agricultural-impact wildlife-impact conservation biodiversity ecosystem-service disservice One-Health EcoHealth Planetary-Health integrated-pest-management IPM vector-control acaricide insecticide resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance resistance-management rotation mosaic mixture synergist biological-control entomopathogenic-fungus nematode predator parasitoid habitat-modification environmental-management personal-protection repellent insecticide-treated-clothing picaridin IR3535 oil-of-lemon-eucalyptus PMD 2-undecanone spatial-repellent attract-and-kill push-pull surveillance active-surveillance passive-surveillance sentinel-surveillance syndromic-surveillance tick-drag flagging CO2-trap dry-ice host-seeking tick-collection specimen-preservation vouchering museum collection repository database GBIF GenBank BOLD NCBI ITIS EOL Wikidata Wikipedia ResearchGate Google-Scholar Web-of-Science Scopus PubMed MEDLINE EMBASE CAB-Abstracts Zoological-Record BIOSIS agricola agricultural-database veterinary-database medical-database entomological-database acarological-database tick-database Ixodes-database Lyme-disease-database vector-database pathogen-database Borrelia-database spirochete-database ecological-database biodiversity-database observation citizen-science iNaturalist eBird Project-FeederWatch Christmas-Bird-Count North-American-Breeding-Bird-Survey bird-banding mark-recapture radio-telemetry GPS-tracking geolocator light-level-logger accelerometer stable-isotope isotope-analysis migratory-connectivity flyway migration-route wintering-ground breeding-ground stopover-site molt-migration irruptive-migration nomadism dispersal natal-dispersal breeding-dispersal seed-dispersal pollination trophic-cascade food-web food-chain trophic-level apex-predator mesopredator keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species flagship-species umbrella-species indicator-species sentinel-species bioindicator biomonitor environmental-monitor pollution-indicator climate-indicator disease-indicator health-indicator One-Health-indicator surveillance-indicator early-warning risk-assessment hazard-identification exposure-assessment dose-response risk-characterization risk-management risk-communication risk-perception risk-behavior protective-behavior preventive-behavior health-belief-model theory-of-planned-behavior social-cognitive-theory health-communication health-education health-promotion disease-prevention primary-prevention secondary-prevention tertiary-prevention screening diagnosis treatment antibiotic doxycycline amoxicillin ceftriaxone azithromycin prophylaxis post-exposure-prophylaxis vaccine Lyme-disease-vaccine tick-vaccine anti-tick-vaccine target-of-acquired-immunity tick-saliva salivary-gland salivary-protein immunomodulation immunosuppression anti-inflammatory anticoagulant vasodilator anesthetic cement-cone tick-attachment feeding-lesion tick-bite tick-borne-encephalitis TBE Powassan-virus deer-tick-virus Heartland-virus Bourbon-virus Colorado-tick-fever Rocky-Mountain-spotted-fever RMSF ehrlichiosis anaplasmosis babesiosis theileriosis cytauxzoonosis hepatozoonosis tick-paralysis tick-toxicosis alpha-gal-syndrome red-meat-allergy galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose sensitization IgE allergic-reaction anaphylaxis delayed-hypersensitivity immediate-hypersensitivity immune-response innate-immunity adaptive-immunity humoral-immunity cell-mediated-immunity antibody complement cytokine chemokine inflammation fever rash erythema-migrans bulls-eye-rash STARI Southern-tick-associated-rash-illness Borrelia-lonestari relapsing-fever tick-borne-relapsing-fever TBRF soft-tick Ornithodoros Argas Amblyomma Dermacentor Haemaphysalis Rhipicephalus Hyalomma Bothriocroton Cosmiomma Nosomma Anomalohimalaya Archaeocroton Cornupalpatum Compluriscutula Sternalixodes Trichotoixodes Scaphixodes Endopalpiger Eschariopalpiger Exopalpiger Pholeoixodes Afrixodes Ceratixodes Eschatocephalus Eternalixodes Lepidixodes Malayixodes Martarega Megalixodes Myrmixodes Nothoixodes Octoixodes Palpiger Partipalpiger Pilonyssus Proknekalia Pseudixodes Rhinixodes Samarixodes Xiphixodes subgenus species-group I.-ricinus-complex I.-persulcatus-complex I.-scapularis-complex I.-pacificus-complex I.-affinis-group I.-cookei-group I.-marxi-group I.-angustus-group I.-soricis-group I.-uriae-group I.-holocyclus-group I.-ceylonensis-group I.-granulatus-group I.-ovatus-group I.-nipponensis-group I.-persulcatus-group I.-pavlovskyi-group I.-ricinus-group I.-scapularis-group I.-pacificus-group I.-affinis I.-auritulus I.-australiensis I.-boliviensis I.-brunneus I.-cookei I.-cooleyi I.-cornuae I.-cornuatus I.-crenulatus I.-dammini I.-dawsoni I.-dentatus I.-diomedeae I.-domerguei I.-eadsi I.-eastoni I.-eldaricus I.-elongatus I.-eudyptidis I.-euplectropi I.-evansi I.-fecialis I.-festai I.-frontalis I.-galapagoensis I.-ghilarovi I.-gibbosus I.-granulatus I.-gregsoni I.-hearlei I.-hexagonus I.-hirsti I.-holocyclus I.-hoogstraali I.-howelli I.-hyatti I.-jacksoni I.-jellisoni I.-kashmiricus I.-kazakstani I.-kingi I.-kohlsi I.-kopsteini I.-kuntzi I.-laguri I.-latus I.-layingensis I.-lewisi I.-lividus I.-longiscutatus I.-loricatus I.-luciae I.-malayensis I.-marxi I.-maslovi I.-matopi I.-minor I.-monospinosus I.-moreli I.-moschiferi I.-muris I.-murreleti I.-myospalacis I.-nchisiensis I.-necromys I.-neitzi I.-nipponensis I.-nuttalli I.-ochotonae I.-okapiae I.-oldi I.-ornithorhynchi I.-ovatus I.-pacificus I.-pararicinus I.-pavlovskyi I.-percavatus I.-peromysci I.-persulcatus I.-pomerantzi I.-pterodromae I.-quadratus I.-raccoonis I.-rageaui I.-randrianasoloi I.-rasus I.-redikorzevi I.-ricinus I.-rothschildi I.-rotundatus I.-rubicundus I.-rugicollis I.-rugosus I.-sapeloensis I.-sarsi I.-scapularis I.-schillingsi I.-sculptus I.-semenovi I.-soricis I.-spinae I.-steini I.-stilesi I.-stromi I.-subterranus I.-tancitarius I.-tanuki I.-tapirus I.-tasmani I.-taylori I.-tertiarius I.-texanus I.-theilerae I.-thomasae I.-tovari I.-transvaalensis I.-trianguliceps I.-trichosuri I.-turdus I.-uriae I.-vandenbergi I.-vanidicus I.-ventalloi I.-vespertilionis I.-victoriensis I.-walkerae I.-werneri I.-woodi I.-zaglossi I.-zairensis tick-taxonomy tick-systematics tick-phylogeny tick-evolution tick-biogeography tick-ecology tick-physiology tick-behavior tick-reproduction tick-development tick-nutrition tick-metabolism tick-respiration tick-excretion tick-osmoregulation tick-neurobiology tick-sensory-biology tick-chemoreception tick-thermoreception tick-mechanoreception tick-photoreception tick-circadian-rhythm tick-biological-clock tick-seasonality tick-diapause tick-overwintering tick-cold-hardiness tick-desiccation-resistance tick-water-balance tick-cuticle tick-molting tick-ecdysis tick-growth tick-feeding tick-engorgement tick-blood-meal tick-digestion tick-salivation tick-saliva-composition tick-salivary-gland-transcriptome tick-salivary-proteome tick-pharmacology tick-toxicology tick-venom tick-paralysis-toxin tick-borne-pathogen tick-borne-virus tick-borne-bacterium tick-borne-protozoan tick-borne-helminth tick-borne-rickettsia tick-borne-ehrlichia tick-borne-anaplasma tick-borne-borrelia tick-borne-babesia tick-borne-theileria tick-borne-hepatozoon tick-borne-coxiella tick-borne-francisella tick-borne-bartonella tick-borne-chlamydia tick-borne-mycoplasma tick-borne-spiroplasma tick-borne-arbovirus tick-borne-flavivirus tick-borne-bunyavirus tick-borne-reovirus tick-borne-orbivirus tick-borne-coltivirus tick-borne-nairovirus tick-borne-phlebovirus tick-borne-thogotovirus tick-borne-orthomyxovirus tick-borne-arenavirus tick-borne-hantavirus tick-borne-paramyxovirus tick-borne-rhabdovirus tick-borne-bornavirus tick-borne-filovirus tick-borne-coronavirus tick-borne-poxvirus tick-borne-herpesvirus tick-borne-adenovirus tick-borne-papillomavirus tick-borne-polyomavirus tick-borne-circovirus tick-borne-parvovirus tick-borne-anellovirus tick-borne-dependovirus tick-borne-tenuivirus tick-borne-deltavirus tick-borne-hepadnavirus tick-borne-retrovirus tick-borne-lentivirus tick-borne-spumavirus tick-borne-metavirus tick-borne-pseudovirus tick-borne-hemivirus tick-borne-novirhabdovirus tick-borne-peribunyavirus tick-borne-phenuivirus tick-borne-bandavirus tick-borne-phasivirus tick-borne-tulasvirus tick-borne-orthonairovirus tick-borne-shavivirus tick-borne-sathuperi-virus tick-borne-salehabad-virus tick-borne-dera-ghazi-khan-virus tick-borne-hughes-virus tick-borne-farallon-virus tick-borne-punta-salinas-virus tick-borne-sapphire-II-virus tick-borne-zirqa-virus tick-borne-keterah-virus tick-borne-thiafora-virus tick-borne-erve-virus tick-borne-malsoor-virus tick-borne-tibet-virus tick-borne-qalyub-virus tick-borne-yogue-virus tick-borne-kasokero-virus tick-borne-lebombo-virus tick-borne-nyamanini-virus tick-borne-midway-virus tick-borne-tokar-virus tick-borne-absettarov-virus tick-borne-hypr-virus tick-borne-kumlinge-virus tick-borne-omsk-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-langat-virus tick-borne-louping-ill-virus tick-borne-kyasanur-forest-disease-virus tick-borne-alkhurma-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-powassan-virus tick-borne-deer-tick-virus tick-borne-heartland-virus tick-borne-bourbon-virus tick-borne-colorado-tick-fever-virus tick-borne-eyach-virus tick-borne-banna-virus tick-borne-seadornavirus tick-borne-great-island-virus tick-borne-kemerovo-virus tick-borne-lipovnik-virus tick-borne-tribec-virus tick-borne-chobar-gorge-virus tick-borne-wad-Medani-virus tick-borne-dugbe-virus tick-borne-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-nairobi-sheep-disease-virus tick-borne-ganjam-virus tick-borne-bandia-virus tick-borne-sierra-nevada-virus tick-borne-lone-star-virus tick-borne-severe-fever-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome-virus tick-borne-huaiyangshan-virus tick-borne-guertu-virus tick-borne-Alongshan-virus tick-borne-wenzhou-virus tick-borne-wuhan-virus tick-borne-yongjia-virus tick-borne-chiba-virus tick-borne-natori-virus tick-borne-odawara-virus tick-borne-kowloon-virus tick-borne-tamanavirus
Judolia
Judolia is a genus of longhorned beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. The genus was established by Mulsant in 1863 and contains approximately 14 recognized species distributed across the Holarctic region, with representatives in North America, Europe, and Asia. Species within this genus are typically associated with coniferous and deciduous forest habitats.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae longhorned-beetles Holarctic conifer-forest flower-visitors wood-borers
Judolia quadrata
Judolia quadrata is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. First described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1873, it belongs to a genus of Holarctic flower longhorns. The species is distributed across northern North America including Canada and the northern United States.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae Lepturini Judolia longhorned-beetle flower-longhorn Holarctic boreal North-America LeConte-1873 Anoplodera-quadrata
Kaestneria
dwarf spiders
Kaestneria is a genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae, first described by H. Wiehle in 1956. The genus contains eight species distributed across the Holarctic region and parts of Southeast Asia. Members are small-bodied spiders characteristic of the sheet-web building linyphiids.
Linyphiidae dwarf-spiders sheet-web-spiders Holarctic ground-dwelling
Kleidocerys resedae
birch catkin bug
Kleidocerys resedae, commonly known as the birch catkin bug, is a small seed bug in the family Lygaeidae. It has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. The species is associated with birch and ericaceous shrubs, where it feeds on developing seeds and reproductive structures. Populations in Maine, USA, exhibit a bivoltine life cycle with adults overwintering in leaf litter.
seed-bug lygaeidae birch ericaceae bivoltine overwintering leaf-litter Holarctic
Labops burmeisteri
Labops burmeisteri is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Stål in 1858. It has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species has been recorded from specific locations including Siberia, the Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Tuva, Irkutsk), and Wisconsin in the United States.
Holarctic plant-bug Miridae
Laccophilus biguttatus
Laccophilus biguttatus is a small predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae, first described by William Kirby in 1837. The species has a notably wide distribution spanning both the Nearctic and Palearctic regions, making it one of the more geographically extensive members of its genus. Like other Laccophilus species, it inhabits freshwater aquatic environments where it functions as an active predator.
predaceous-diving-beetle holarctic freshwater Kirby-1837