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Introduced-species

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Oecobius navus
wall spider, baseboard spider, stucco spider
A small cribellate spider, 2–2.5 mm in body length, native to Europe and Northern Africa but introduced globally. Builds flat, circular webs with lateral openings on artificial structures. Uses an unusual hunting method: running around prey to entangle it in sticky silk ribbons from the anal tubule and spinnerets before biting.
spider cribellate urban cosmopolitan introduced-species wall-dwelling synanthropic
Olesicampe
Olesicampe is a genus of ichneumonid wasps containing at least 130 described species. Species in this genus are parasitoids of sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), with documented associations to hosts in the genera Pristiphora and Cephalcia. Several species have been introduced as classical biological control agents against larch sawfly and mountain ash sawfly pests in North America, where they have established successfully and achieved significant host population suppression. The genus is native to the Palaearctic region.
parasitoid biological-control sawfly-parasite ichneumonid forestry-pest-management Palaearctic-native introduced-species
Oligolophus tridens
Three-toothed harvestman
Oligolophus tridens is a harvestman (Opiliones) in the family Phalangiidae, native to central and western Europe. It has been introduced to North America. Adults mature in summer. The species is predatory and has been documented dispersing seeds of Melampyrum.
harvestman predator seed-dispersal introduced-species aphid-predator
Oligota chrysopyga
Oligota chrysopyga is a small rove beetle in the subfamily Aleocharinae, characterized by its compact body and metallic coloration. The species has been introduced to multiple regions outside its native range, including Europe, Canada, and the United States. Its wide distribution across tropical and subtropical zones suggests human-mediated dispersal, though specific ecological impacts remain poorly documented.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Aleocharinae introduced-species cosmopolitan-distribution
Oligotomidae
webspinners
Oligotomidae is a family of webspinners (order Embioptera) comprising approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are characterized by silk-producing glands in the enlarged basal tarsomere of the forelegs, used to construct protective galleries. The family exhibits a predominantly Old World distribution with some introduced populations in the Americas. Notable genera include Oligotoma, Aposthonia, and Haploembia, with some species showing complex reproductive strategies including parthenogenesis.
webspinners silk-production subsocial parthenogenesis introduced-species Old-World-distribution
Omalium rivulare
Omalium rivulare is a Holarctic ocellate rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. Originally described as Staphylinus rivularis by Paykull in 1789, it serves as the type species for the Rivulare species group within the genus Omalium. The species has been recorded across Europe, northern Asia, and has been introduced to North America. Synonymy with O. kabakovi was established in 2025.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Omaliinae Holarctic introduced-species Rivulare-group ocellate-rove-beetle
Omalus aeneus
Cuckoo Wasp
Omalus aeneus is a small, metallic cuckoo wasp in the family Chrysididae. Females reach 4.5–5.4 mm in body length, males 4.4–5 mm. The species exhibits striking metallic coloration ranging from blue, green, and purple to nearly black or golden, with greenish-blue abdomen and legs. This cleptoparasitic wasp has two or more generations annually in southern Europe and exploits a remarkable indirect parasitism strategy: females oviposit into living aphids, which are subsequently captured by aphid-hunting crabronid wasps and transported to their nests, where the cuckoo wasp larva develops.
cuckoo-wasp cleptoparasite indirect-parasitism aphid-exploitation metallic-coloration Chrysididae Hymenoptera introduced-species Nearctic Palearctic
Oniscus
woodlice
Oniscus is a genus of terrestrial isopods (woodlice) in the family Oniscidae. The genus comprises five species with restricted distributions: three species are endemic to northwestern Iberia (O. ancarensis, O. galicianus, O. lusitanicus), one to the Pyrenees (O. simonii), and one species, O. asellus, is widespread across Europe and has been introduced to the Americas. O. asellus has been studied for its ability to fragment weathered polystyrene plastic into microplastics in laboratory settings.
terrestrial-isopod woodlouse microplastic-fragmentation soil-invertebrate European-endemic introduced-species
Onitis alexis
Bronze Dung Beetle
Onitis alexis, commonly known as the bronze dung beetle, is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae. Native to Africa and parts of the Mediterranean region, it has been introduced to Australia where it has become established in warmer northern regions. The species has been studied for its phenology and survival strategies in marginal environments at the southern edge of its Australian range. It belongs to a genus of dung beetles that play important roles in nutrient cycling through dung burial activities.
dung-beetle introduced-species Australia Africa pasture nutrient-cycling
Onthophagus depressus
scarab beetle
Onthophagus depressus is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, originally described from Africa and now established in Australia and the southeastern United States as an introduced species. It belongs to a genus well-studied for sexual selection and horn polymorphism in males, though specific behavioral studies for this species are limited. The species has been recorded in carrion-associated beetle communities, suggesting broader feeding ecology than strict dung specialization.
dung-beetle scarab-beetle introduced-species carrion-associated sexual-dimorphism Afrotropical-origin Australia North-America Hamonthophagus Onthophagus nutrient-cycling decomposition
Onthophagus nuchicornis
Small black-and-brown Dung Beetle
Onthophagus nuchicornis is a Palearctic dung beetle introduced to North America in the 1840s, now established across Canada and the northern United States. The species exhibits generalist coprophagy, successfully reproducing using dung from both domestic livestock and indigenous mammals including bobcat, moose, red fox, and raccoon. It possesses an obligatory cold reproductive diapause restricting it to a single generation per year. In the United Kingdom, it is listed as Vulnerable, while in North America it is abundant and has been employed as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies of ivermectin effects on dung burial behavior.
dung-beetle introduced-species coprophage diapause ecotoxicology-model pasture-ecosystem sexual-dimorphism ivermectin-effects generalist-feeder Palaearctic-native Nearctic-introduced single-generation-per-year brood-ball tunneling-behavior competition-with-native-species CLIMEX-bioclimatic-model nutrient-cycling soil-aeration cattle-pasture-management Vulnerable-(UK)
Ophiomyia kwansonis
Daylily Leafminer
Ophiomyia kwansonis is a leaf-miner fly in the family Agromyzidae. It is known as the Daylily Leafminer based on its documented association with Hemerocallis species. The species was described by Sasakawa in 1961 and has been recorded across eastern North America, parts of Asia, and Europe.
leaf-miner pest Hemerocallis introduced-species ornamental-pest
Ophyiulus pilosus
Furry Snake Millipede
Ophyiulus pilosus is a millipede species in the family Julidae, commonly known as the Furry Snake Millipede. Native to North America, it has been introduced to New Zealand. The species is notable for its association with a Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) observed in its intestinal epithelium, representing one of the few documented cases of such bacterial associations in millipedes. Four subspecies are recognized: O. p. brevispinosus, O. p. etruscus, O. p. major, and O. p. populi.
millipede Julidae Rickettsia-like-organism symbiont introduced-species North-America New-Zealand
Opogona omoscopa
Detritus Moth, Opogona Crown Borer
Opogona omoscopa is a small moth in the family Tineidae with a wingspan of 18–22 mm. It has a broad native distribution spanning western Australia, New Zealand, southeast Asia, Africa, and islands of the Indian Ocean, and has been introduced to Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The species is attracted to ultraviolet light and has been documented at blacklighting events in California.
detritivore pest introduced-species nocturnal blacklight-attracted
Orinisobates
Orinisobates is a genus of millipedes in the family Nemasomatidae, order Julida. It was established by Lohmander in 1933. The genus contains multiple species distributed across parts of Eurasia and has been introduced to North America. Members are small to medium-sized juliform millipedes with the elongated cylindrical body form characteristic of the order.
millipede Julida Nemasomatidae introduced-species Eurasian
Ornidia
jewel flies
Ornidia is a small genus of metallic hoverflies (Syrphidae) native to the New World. Species range from 2.3–4.2 mm in body length and display distinctive metallic coloration. Ornidia obesa, the most widespread species, has been introduced to the Pacific, Asia, and Africa through human commerce. The genus comprises four described species.
metallic hoverfly poultry-pest introduced-species New-World-endemic parasitoid-host
Ornidia obesa
Green Jewel Fly
Ornidia obesa is a metallic green syrphid fly widely distributed across the Americas and introduced to the Old World. Adults are frequently observed in association with decomposing organic matter, particularly animal feces and compost. The species has been documented as a host for pteromalid parasitoids and is noted for harboring bacteria of public health significance.
syrphidae hoverfly manure-breeding biological-control poultry-pest metallic-green introduced-species old-world-introduction public-health pteromalid-parasitoids
Orthemis ferruginea
Roseate Skimmer
A dragonfly in the family Libellulidae native to the Americas, with distribution extending from the United States to Brazil. Mature males are distinctive for their hot pink coloration. The species is common and widespread, and has been introduced to Hawaii. First complete life cycle description for a Mexican odonate documented 17 larval instars.
Odonata Libellulidae dragonfly Americas introduced-species Hawaii territorial-behavior sexual-dimorphism
Orthocephalus coriaceus
hairy plant bug
Orthocephalus coriaceus is a plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to Europe, including European Russia, Ukraine, and the Balkans, and has been introduced to North America. The species feeds on various Asteraceae plants and is known to occur as a horticultural pest in North America.
plant-bug Miridae phytophagous Asteraceae introduced-species horticultural-pest
Orthomorpha
Orthomorpha is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae, comprising approximately 50 species native to Southeast Asia. Adults possess 20 body segments and range from 15–50 mm in length, with prominent lateral keels (paranota) that often display bright coloration. The genus includes both endemic tropical species and at least one species, O. coarctata, that has been widely introduced by humans to tropical regions worldwide. Several species are commonly found in human-modified environments including greenhouses and heated buildings.
millipede flat-backed-millipede tropical Southeast-Asia greenhouse-pest introduced-species Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae 20-segments paranota colorful-keels
Orthomorpha coarctata
Long-flange Millipede
Orthomorpha coarctata is a widely introduced millipede species in the family Paradoxosomatidae, commonly known as the long-flange millipede. Presumed native to Southeast Asia, it has established populations in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide through human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its distinctive elongated paranota (lateral keels) and unique male gonopod morphology. Some taxonomists have placed it in the monotypic genus Asiomorpha based on these reproductive structures.
millipede introduced-species litter-dwelling detritivore
Orthotylus flavosparsus
Orthotylus flavosparsus is a small plant-feeding mirid bug native to Europe, where it occurs widely except in Albania and Iceland. The species has been introduced to North America and has established populations there. Adults are approximately 4 mm in length and green in coloration. It is associated with oraches (Atriplex) and chenopods (Chenopodium), which serve as its primary host plants.
Miridae plant-bug phytophagous introduced-species Europe North-America Atriplex Chenopodium
Osbornellus
Osbornellus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, containing at least 100 described species. The genus is divided into four subgenera, with the nominate subgenus Osbornellus (s. str.) distributed primarily in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Some species have been introduced to the Palearctic region through human activity, with the first European records documented in Switzerland in 2016. Species in this genus are generally small, active insects that feed on plant sap.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Scaphoideini Nearctic Neotropical introduced-species agricultural-pest-potential polyphagous phytophagous
Otiorhynchus cribricollis
Cribrate Weevil, Apple Weevil
Otiorhynchus cribricollis, commonly known as the cribrate weevil or apple weevil, is a flightless weevil native to the Mediterranean region. It has been introduced to Western Australia, where it is recognized as a significant pest of apple orchards and vineyards. The species reproduces through parthenogenesis, with all individuals being female. It has also been recorded from North America (USA), though its establishment status there is less documented.
parthenogenetic flightless agricultural-pest introduced-species vineyard-pest apple-pest
Otiorhynchus ligustici
Alfalfa Snout Beetle, Lovage Weevil
Otiorhynchus ligustici is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, commonly known as the alfalfa snout beetle or lovage weevil. It is a flightless, parthenogenetic species native to Europe that has been introduced to North America, where it is considered a significant agricultural pest of alfalfa and other legumes.
agricultural-pest parthenogenetic flightless introduced-species broad-nosed-weevil
Otophorus haemorrhoidalis
Otophorus haemorrhoidalis is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae. It has a broad distribution spanning the Palearctic region (Europe, Asia, and North Africa) and has been introduced to the Nearctic region (North America), where it is established in Canada and the United States. The species is associated with dung habitats and plays a role in nutrient cycling. Despite its wide distribution, detailed biological studies on this species remain limited.
dung-beetle Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae introduced-species Palearctic-native Nearctic-introduced coprophagous
Oxya
Rice Grasshoppers
Oxya is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, distributed across Africa and Asia. Several species, including O. chinensis and O. japonica, are significant agricultural pests of rice and other cereal crops, earning the group the common name "rice grasshoppers." The genus is taxonomically placed in the subfamily Oxyinae and tribe Oxyini. Some species have been introduced to Pacific islands and Australia.
agricultural-pest rice-pest grasshopper Asia Africa introduced-species
Oxyops vitiosus
Melaleuca Weevil
Oxyops vitiosus, commonly known as the Melaleuca Weevil, is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is native to Australia and has been introduced to the United States as a biological control agent targeting invasive Melaleuca trees. The species is notable for its specialized feeding relationship with plants in the genus Melaleuca.
biological-control-agent invasive-species-management Melaleuca-specialist Australian-native introduced-species
Oxypoda opaca
Oxypoda opaca is a small rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Aleocharinae. Native to the Palearctic region, it has been introduced to North America where it is now established in Canada and the United States. Like other aleocharines, it is a member of the diverse rove beetle fauna associated with various decaying organic matter habitats.
rove-beetle aleocharine introduced-species Palearctic-native
Ozotomerus japonicus
Japanese Fungus Weevil
Ozotomerus japonicus is a species of fungus weevil in the family Anthribidae, described by Sharp in 1891. The species is native to Japan and has been introduced to the contiguous United States, where it is established. As a member of the Anthribidae family, it is associated with fungal associations typical of this group of weevils. The species has been documented through iNaturalist observations and is listed in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and the Catalogue of Life.
fungus-weevil anthribid introduced-species Japan United-States
Ozyptila
Leaflitter Crab Spiders
Ozyptila is a genus of small crab spiders (Thomisidae) established by Eugène Simon in 1864. The genus comprises approximately 103 species distributed across Africa, Europe, North America, and Asia. Members are ground-dwelling spiders with a distinctive pear-shaped, elevated carapace and short, spiny forelegs. They are frequently mistaken for the related genus Xysticus but are generally smaller in body size.
crab-spider ground-dwelling Thomisidae ambush-predator introduced-species Holarctic
Ozyptila praticola
Eurasian Leaflitter Crab Spider
A small crab spider native to Eurasia that has been introduced to North and South America. Females reach 4 mm and males 3 mm. Adults are active year-round and females guard egg sacs in sheltered microhabitats.
crab-spider introduced-species undergrowth-habitat egg-guarding
Paectes nana
Paectes nana is a small moth in the family Euteliidae, originally described by Walker in 1865 and later redescribed as Paectes isabel by Schaus in 1923. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism and two distinct forewing forms, with males measuring 10.9–11.6 mm and females 9.4–9.9 mm in forewing length. It has been introduced to the Galapagos Islands beyond its native Neotropical range.
Euteliidae Neotropical sexual-dimorphism polymorphism introduced-species
Palaemon vulgaris
Marsh Grass Shrimp, Common American Prawn, Common Grass Shrimp, Marsh Shrimp
Palaemon vulgaris is a small, transparent caridean shrimp native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults reach less than 5 cm in length and display distinctive orange pigmentation on the eyestalks. The species has been studied for its specialized swimming mechanics, employing metachronal beating of pleopods and drag-reducing mechanisms during locomotion. It occupies coastal and estuarine habitats from Cape Cod Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.
crustacean shrimp western-Atlantic transparent swimming-mechanics metachronal-swimming drag-reduction estuarine Palaemonidae Caridea Decapoda Malacostraca Arthropoda Palaemon Palaemonetes-vulgaris Say-1818 Cape-Cod-Bay Gulf-of-Mexico eyestalk-pigmentation pleopod hydrodynamics appendage-flexibility particle-image-velocimetry locomotion marine-biology invertebrate-zoology aquatic-arthropod coastal-species marsh-shrimp grass-shrimp common-American-prawn common-grass-shrimp marsh-grass-shrimp small-crustacean translucent-body camouflage swimming-appendages pleopodal-swimming crustacean-locomotion biomechanics fluid-dynamics drag-reduction-mechanisms asymmetric-flexibility appendage-grouping return-stroke power-stroke wake-reduction thrust-generation profile-area-modulation phase-lag appendage-wave swimming-efficiency aquatic-maneuverability hydrodynamic-optimization caridean-shrimp palaemonid-shrimp marine-invertebrate estuarine-invertebrate Atlantic-coast North-American-shrimp 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Palporus nitidulus
Palporus nitidulus is a small rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Tachyporinae. The species has a broad native distribution across Europe, North Africa, and Asia, and has been introduced to multiple regions including North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Its wide geographic spread and establishment across diverse climates suggest ecological adaptability. The species is frequently observed and relatively well-documented for a staphylinid beetle.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Tachyporinae cosmopolitan-distribution introduced-species Palearctic-native
Pandemis
Leafroller moths
Pandemis is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, commonly known as leafroller moths. The genus comprises approximately 60 described species distributed across the Holarctic region, with particular diversity in Eurasia. Several species are recognized as agricultural pests, notably Pandemis cerasana (barred fruit-tree tortrix) and Pandemis pyrusana (Pandemis leafroller), which damage fruit trees and other woody plants. Larvae typically feed on leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs, often rolling or folding leaves for shelter.
leafroller tortricidae archipini agricultural-pest holarctic orchard-pest deciduous-forest introduced-species
Pandemis cerasana
barred fruit-tree tortrix
Pandemis cerasana is a tortricid moth native to northern Eurasia, introduced to North America where it was first recorded in Victoria, British Columbia in 1964. The species is a polyphagous leaf roller whose larvae feed on various deciduous trees and shrubs, with notable damage to fruit trees including cherry, apple, and pear. Adults fly from June to August in western Europe, with two generations per year.
tortricid-moth leaf-roller orchard-pest introduced-species polyphagous nocturnal bivoltine Garry-oak fruit-tree-pest
Panopeus lacustris
knot-fingered mud crab
Panopeus lacustris, commonly known as the knot-fingered mud crab, is a small true crab (infraorder Brachyura) in the family Panopeidae. It is distinguished by unequal-sized chelae, with the larger claw being exceptionally broad, knobbly, and bearing teeth in the molar area with an immobile finger. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with males typically larger than females. It is native to the subtropical western Atlantic but has been introduced to Hawaii and the Pacific coast of California. The species serves as a host for the parasitic barnacle Loxothylacus panopaei, which manipulates crab behavior and causes functional castration.
brachyura decapoda panopeidae mud-crab parasite-host introduced-species western-Atlantic sexual-dimorphism handedness Loxothylacus
Papestra biren
Glaucous Shears, Glaucous Shears Moth
Papestra biren, commonly known as the glaucous shears, is a noctuid moth with a wingspan of 30–38 mm. The species was first described by Goeze in 1781 and exhibits notable color variation across its range, including purplish-grey, ashy-grey, and dark ruddy-grey forms. Adults are active from May to July in a single annual generation. The species has a broad Palearctic distribution and was introduced to North America in 1935, where it has since expanded southward from Newfoundland.
Noctuidae Lepidoptera moth Palearctic introduced-species North-America montane Vaccinium univoltine color-polymorphism
Paracerceis
Paracerceis is a genus of marine isopod crustaceans in the family Sphaeromatidae, established by Hansen in 1905. The genus comprises at least 13 described species distributed across tropical and temperate coastal regions. The best-studied species, Paracerceis sculpta, has become a model organism for research on alternative reproductive tactics and sexual selection due to its unusual system of three discrete male morphs. Several species have been introduced outside their native ranges, including P. sculpta in Australia and Türkiye.
marine intertidal isopod alternative-reproductive-tactics sexual-dimorphism semelparity introduced-species sponge-dwelling
Paradoxosomatidae
flat-backed millipedes
Paradoxosomatidae is the largest family of flat-backed millipedes, containing nearly 200 genera and approximately 975 species as of 2013. It is the sole family in the suborder Paradoxosomatidea. Members are distinguished by dorsal grooves on most body segments and a dumb-bell shaped gonopod aperture in males. The family includes notable groups such as the dragon millipedes of Southeast Asia and the widely introduced greenhouse millipede Oxidus gracilis.
millipede flat-backed-millipede diplopoda polydesmida detritivore soil-invertebrate cave-dwelling dragon-millipede introduced-species greenhouse-pest
Paralithodes
king crab
Paralithodes is a genus of large king crabs (family Lithodidae) native to cold waters of the North Pacific Ocean, including the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Sea of Japan. The genus contains commercially important species, particularly the red king crab (P. camtschaticus). These crabs undergo a biphasic life cycle with distinct larval stages (zoeae, glaucothoe) before reaching the juvenile phase. Molecular studies indicate that early larval stages lack adaptations to elevated temperature and hypoxia, requiring stable environmental conditions for survival.
commercial-fishery cold-water biphasic-life-cycle habitat-degradation introduced-species
Parapoynx obscuralis
obscure pondweed moth, American china-mark, vallisneria leafcutter
Parapoynx obscuralis is an aquatic moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. The species is native to North America, with a range extending from Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Texas, Wisconsin, and Ontario. It has been introduced to Great Britain, where it is naturalised in aquatic nurseries. The larvae are aquatic and feed on submerged aquatic plants.
aquatic aquatic-larvae introduced-species North-American-native subfamily-Acentropinae
Parasteatoda tabulata
Wandering House Cobweaver
Parasteatoda tabulata is a cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae, first described by H. W. Levi in 1980. It is native to tropical Asia but has been introduced to North America, Europe, and temperate Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. The species belongs to a genus closely related to the Common House Spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) and shares similar web-building habits.
spider cobweb-weaver Theridiidae introduced-species Parasteatoda house-spider Asia cosmopolitan
Parataenius
Parataenius is a genus of small aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, established by Balthasar in 1961. The genus comprises approximately six described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Members are classified within the tribe Eupariini. Parataenius simulator has been introduced to Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile, where it was detected at Mataveri International Airport.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae Eupariini dung-beetle Neotropical introduced-species Rapa-Nui airport-interception
Parataenius simulator
Parataenius simulator is a small aphodiine dung beetle native to South America that has established an exceptionally broad global distribution spanning six biogeographic realms. First described by Harold in 1868, this species has been recorded across the Americas, Africa, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. In 2024, it was reported for the first time on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile, where adult specimens were intercepted at Mataveri International Airport; no self-sustaining populations have been confirmed elsewhere on the island. The mechanism and timing of its worldwide dispersal remain subjects of investigation.
dung-beetle aphodiine scarab introduced-species cosmopolitan-distribution
Paroligolophus agrestis
harvestman, harvester
Paroligolophus agrestis is a small harvestman species native to Europe, including the United Kingdom. It has been introduced to North America, where established populations occur in the Pacific Northwest and Nova Scotia. The species exhibits notable sexual dimorphism in body size and possesses distinctive morphological features useful for identification.
harvestman Opiliones introduced-species Europe North-America
Patapius spinosus
spiny-legged bug
Patapius spinosus is a leptopodid bug distinguished by its heavily spined body. Native to Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa, it has been introduced to North America, Chile, and Japan. It inhabits supralittoral zones of sandy beaches and rocky coasts.
coastal marine-intertidal introduced-species spiny
Pediopsis tiliae
lime leafhopper
Pediopsis tiliae, commonly known as the lime leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. It is associated with lime trees (Tilia species) as its host plant. The species has been recorded across parts of Europe and has been introduced to North America, with observations in the northeastern United States.
leafhopper Cicadellidae lime-tree Tilia phloem-feeder invasive introduced-species
Pegomya betae
Beet Leafminer
Pegomya betae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Anthomyiidae, commonly known as the Beet Leafminer. The species is native to the Palearctic region and has been introduced to North America. Larvae feed internally in leaves of beet plants, creating distinctive mines. It is considered a significant agricultural pest of sugar beet and related crops.
agricultural-pest leaf-miner Palearctic introduced-species sugar-beet-pest induced-plant-defense