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Dirophanes
Dirophanes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1869. Two species are recognized: Dirophanes anoukae and Dirophanes benjamini, both described by Hower in 2006. The genus has been recorded in Europe and North America.
parasitoid Ichneumonidae Hymenoptera insect genus Europe North-America
Discodes
Discodes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Species in this genus are known as parasitoids of scale insects (Coccoidea), with documented host associations including Sphaerolecanium prunastri, the globose scale insect. The genus was established by Foerster in 1856 and contains multiple described species distributed across several continents.
Encyrtidae parasitoid scale-insect biological-control orchard-pest-management Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Sphaerolecanium-prunastri pesticide-toxicity IPM-compatibility
Disholandricus lasius
Disholandricus lasius is a cynipid gall wasp species that induces galls on oak hosts. Formerly classified in the genus Andricus, this species was reassigned to Disholandricus based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. Like other members of the Cynipidae family, the wasp manipulates host plant tissue to form a protective structure that houses and nourishes its developing larvae. The species exhibits the complex life cycle typical of oak gall wasps, involving both sexual and asexual generations that alternate between different plant structures or host species.
gall-wasp Cynipidae oak-gall Hymenoptera parasitoid plant-manipulation alternation-of-generations
Disholcaspis bassetti
Disholcaspis bassetti is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae, a group known for inducing distinctive plant growths. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, this species induces galls on oak species (Quercus). The genus is characterized by alternation of generations between sexual and asexual (agamic) forms, with the latter producing the more conspicuous galls. Specific details about D. bassetti's host associations and gall morphology are not well-documented in available sources.
gall-wasp Cynipidae Disholcaspis oak-gall parthenogenesis agamic-generation Hymenoptera
Disholcaspis canescens
Round Honeydew Gall Wasp
Disholcaspis canescens is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, known for inducing distinctive galls on oak trees. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, this species produces round, detachable galls on oak twigs. The genus is notable for having eliminated males from the life cycle in all known species, with females reproducing parthenogenetically and producing only female offspring. The specific epithet 'canescens' refers to a grayish or hoary appearance, though the precise application to this species' galls or wasps is not detailed in available sources.
gall-wasp Cynipidae oak-gall parthenogenesis thelytoky twig-gall hymenoptera Disholcaspis Round-Honeydew-Gall-Wasp
Disholcaspis cinerosa
Mealy oak gall wasp
Disholcaspis cinerosa, commonly known as the mealy oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It induces distinctive galls on oak trees (Quercus spp.), specifically known as "mealy oak galls." The species has been documented to possess exceptionally large venom glands relative to its body size—when unfolded, the venom gland is approximately 10 times longer than the abdomen—making it a notable subject in studies of gall induction mechanisms. Like other cynipid wasps, it exhibits an alternation of generations life cycle with both sexual and asexual (parthenogenetic) generations.
cynipidae gall-wasp oak-gall mealy-oak-gall parthenogenesis alternation-of-generations venom-gland plant-manipulation Quercus Hymenoptera
Disholcaspis globosa
Globular root gall
A cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive globular galls on oak roots. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, it exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction in at least one generation, with females capable of producing offspring without mating. The species is one of approximately twelve described in the genus, all of which appear to have eliminated males from their life cycles. Root galls differ from the more commonly observed twig and leaf galls of related species, occurring below ground where they are rarely encountered unless excavated.
Cynipidae gall-wasp oak-gall root-gall parthenogenesis Hymenoptera
Disholcaspis pedunculoides
Disholcaspis pedunculoides is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described by Weld in 1926. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, it induces gall formation on oak trees (Quercus spp.), though specific host associations and gall morphology for this species remain poorly documented in published literature. The species follows the typical cynipid life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual generations.
cynipidae gall-wasp oak-gall hymenoptera gall-induction parthenogenesis alternation-of-generations
Disholcaspis perniciosa
Disholcaspis perniciosa is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae, first described by Bassett in 1890. As a member of the genus Disholcaspis, it is part of a diverse group of oak-associated gall wasps found in North America. The genus is known for producing distinctive bullet-shaped or spherical galls on oak trees. Like other cynipids, this species likely exhibits an alternation of generations life cycle with both sexual and agamic (asexual) generations producing different gall types on their host plants.
gall-wasp cynipid oak-gall Hymenoptera Cynipidae Disholcaspis parthenogenesis alternation-of-generations
Disholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
gall-wasp cynipid heterogony parthenogenesis oak-gall California-endemic ant-mutualism Disholcaspis Cynipidae Hymenoptera Quercus induced-plant-structure phloem-sap-exudation biological-mutualism seasonal-dimorphism sexual-dimorphism gall-dimorphism agamic-generation sexual-generation clasping-twig-gall bud-gall twig-gall native-California-species scrub-oak leather-oak parasitoid-defense ant-plant-interaction insect-plant-interaction plant-manipulation evolution-of-asexuality Weld-1957 Zootaxa-4859 molecular-systematics host-plant-specificity Cynipini oak-woodland chaparral insect-gall gall-morphology gall-coloration sun-exposure-effects larval-chamber emergence-timing spring-emergence late-winter-emergence gall-development oviposition-behavior egg-laying-in-buds egg-laying-in-twigs female-only-generation wingless-female winged-sexual-generation gall-size-dimorphism gall-shape-dimorphism hidden-gall exposed-gall gall-wasp-life-cycle cynipid-biology gall-wasp-taxonomy gall-wasp-identification gall-wasp-ecology insect-plant-coevolution plant-growth-manipulation hormone-mediated-gall-induction venom-gland accessory-gland secretory-structures gall-induction-mechanism gall-chemistry phloem-sap honeydew ant-attraction ant-protection parasitoid-wasp natural-enemy-defense indirect-defense mutualistic-interaction trophic-cascade community-ecology species-interaction ecosystem-engineer habitat-modification food-web insect-diversity California-biodiversity endemic-insect regional-endemism oak-specialist plant-specialist monophagous oligophagous host-range host-plant-evolution gall-wasp-radiation adaptive-radiation evolutionary-innovation reproductive-strategy asexual-reproduction thelytoky arrhenotoky sex-determination developmental-biology insect-morphology insect-anatomy female-morphology ovipositor stinger egg-injection plant-tissue-manipulation cell-proliferation plant-hormone auxin cytokinin gene-expression transcriptomics proteomics venom-composition biochemistry physiology ethology behavioral-ecology population-biology population-dynamics seasonality phenology climate-effects microhabitat niche-specialization conservation-biology imperiled-habitat oak-woodland-conservation chaparral-conservation fire-ecology succession disturbance habitat-fragmentation urbanization agricultural-conversion invasive-species climate-change range-shift phenological-shift citizen-science iNaturalist observation-data species-distribution occurrence-records biodiversity-informatics taxonomic-revision species-description type-specimen molecular-data DNA-barcoding phylogenetics systematics evolutionary-history biogeography dispersal vicariance speciation species-concepts cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geographic-variation phenotypic-plasticity genetic-variation population-genetics conservation-genetics restoration-ecology habitat-restoration managed-relocation assisted-migration ex-situ-conservation in-situ-conservation protected-area natural-reserve state-park national-park wilderness-area biosphere-reserve UNESCO IUCN red-list species-assessment conservation-status data-deficient research-priority knowledge-gap future-research gall-wasp-venom gall-wasp-gland secretory-evolution gall-wasp-phylogeny Cynipidae-evolution Hymenoptera-phylogeny insect-evolution gall-evolution plant-insect-interaction-evolution coevolutionary-arms-race mutualism-evolution defense-evolution counter-defense enemy-free-space enemy-escape ecological-release adaptive-peak fitness-landscape evolutionary-constraint evolutionary-trade-off life-history-evolution reproductive-allocation fecundity survival development-time generation-time voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine diapause overwintering cold-hardiness stress-tolerance desiccation-resistance starvation-resistance immune-response parasitoid-resistance pathogen-resistance symbiont microbiome gut-microbiota endosymbiont Wolbachia Rickettsia Cardinium Spiroplasma bacterial-symbiont fungal-symbiont viral-symbiont mutualistic-microbe parasitic-microbe commensal-microbe microbial-community metagenomics microbial-ecology host-microbe-interaction immune-system innate-immunity acquired-immunity humoral-immunity cellular-immunity antimicrobial-peptide reactive-oxygen-species nitric-oxide melanization encapsulation nodulation phagocytosis autophagy apoptosis programmed-cell-death stress-response heat-shock-protein oxidative-stress hypoxia anoxia metabolic-rate respiration energy-budget nutrient-allocation lipid-storage glycogen-storage protein-storage amino-acid-metabolism carbohydrate-metabolism lipid-metabolism nitrogen-metabolism excretion osmoregulation ion-transport water-balance cuticle integument sclerotization pigmentation color-pattern structural-color iridescence bioluminescence photoreceptor vision compound-eye ocellus antenna olfaction gustation chemoreception mechanoreception thermoreception hygroreception proprioception neurobiology brain ganglion nerve neuron synapse neurotransmitter hormone pheromone allomone kairomone semiochemical chemical-ecology communication signaling mate-choice sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice mating-system mating-behavior courtship copulation insemination fertilization oviposition egg-laying parental-care maternal-effect paternal-effect epigenetics gene-expression-regulation transcription-factor signaling-pathway hormone-receptor nuclear-receptor steroid-hormone juvenile-hormone ecdysone insulin TOR-pathway AMPK nutrient-sensing growth-regulation size-regulation allometry scaling morphometrics geometric-morphometrics landmark shape-analysis size-analysis multivariate-analysis principal-component-analysis discriminant-analysis cluster-analysis phylogenetic-analysis comparative-method ancestral-state-reconstruction character-evolution trait-evolution evolutionary-rate diversification-rate speciation-rate extinction-rate net-diversification phylogenetic-diversity 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Disholcaspis quercusomnivora
Disholcaspis quercusomnivora is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described by Ashmead in 1885. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, this species induces distinctive galls on oak trees (Quercus spp.), though specific gall morphology and host associations for this particular species are not well documented in available sources. The genus is known for producing hard, bullet-shaped or spherical galls on oak twigs and branches. As with many cynipid wasps, D. quercusomnivora likely exhibits an alternation of generations life cycle with both sexual and asexual phases.
gall-wasp Cynipidae oak-gall Disholcaspis Hymenoptera Quercus plant-manipulation parthenogenesis alternation-of-generations
Disholcaspis rubens
Disholcaspis rubens is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Gillette in 1893. Like other members of its genus, it induces distinctive galls on oak host plants. Species in Disholcaspis are known for producing twig galls rather than leaf galls, and many exhibit parthenogenetic reproduction with all-female generations. The genus is characterized by enlarged venom glands, which are implicated in the chemical induction of gall formation.
cynipidae gall-wasp oak-gall parthenogenesis Disholcaspis Hymenoptera twig-gall venom-gland induced-plant-growth
Disholcaspis spissa
Disholcaspis spissa is a gall-inducing wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Weld in 1957. Like other members of the genus Disholcaspis, it induces galls on oak trees (Quercus spp.), though specific host associations for this species are not well documented in the provided sources. The species is part of a diverse radiation of cynipid wasps that manipulate plant growth to create protective structures for their developing larvae. Research on related Disholcaspis species indicates these wasps possess enlarged venom glands, implicating venom compounds in the induction of gall formation.
gall-wasp cynipid oak-gall Hymenoptera Cynipidae plant-manipulation parthenogenesis
Disophrini
Disophrini is a tribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae. Members of this tribe are understudied, with limited published information on their biology and ecology. The tribe contains genera that are morphologically distinct within the Braconidae but lack comprehensive taxonomic revision. Most species appear to be small, slender wasps with reduced wing venation characteristic of many braconid groups.
Braconidae Hymenoptera parasitoid-wasp tribe understudied insect Arthropoda Animalia
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus is the most species-rich genus in the family Bethylidae (Hymenoptera), with over 600 valid species globally. The genus exhibits exceptional diversity in the Neotropical region, where the majority of species occur, though it has a cosmopolitan distribution including the Oriental region and southwestern Pacific islands. Species delimitation relies heavily on male genitalia characters and metasomal tergal process structures, with species-groups defined primarily by these morphological features. Taxonomic revisions have revealed high levels of undescribed diversity, particularly in underexplored regions such as Panama, Thailand, and the Fiji-Solomon Islands archipelago.
Hymenoptera Bethylidae parasitoid-wasps taxonomy Neotropical species-rich-genus male-genitalia DNA-barcoding cryptic-species
Dolerus aprilis
Dolerus aprilis is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae. Larvae of this genus are known to possess six or more pairs of prolegs, distinguishing them from lepidopteran caterpillars which have five or fewer. The species was described by Norton in 1861 and occurs in several Canadian provinces.
Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Canada larvae prolegs
Dolerus elderi
Dolerus elderi is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae, first described by Kincaid in 1900. As a member of the genus Dolerus, its larvae likely possess six or more pairs of prolegs, distinguishing them from lepidopteran caterpillars which have five or fewer pairs. The species has been recorded in multiple Canadian provinces.
sawfly Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera Canada
Dolerus versus
Dolerus versus is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. The genus Dolerus comprises medium to large sawflies commonly associated with grasses and sedges. Like other members of the subfamily Dolerinae, adults are typically active in spring and early summer. The larvae feed on monocotyledonous plants and can be distinguished from lepidopteran caterpillars by having six or more pairs of prolegs rather than five or fewer.
sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae grassland wetland monocot-feeder
Dolichoderini
Dolichoderini is a tribe of ants within the subfamily Dolichoderinae, established by Forel in 1878. The tribe includes the genus Dolichoderus, which has a global distribution. Members of this tribe are characterized by morphological features that distinguish them from other dolichoderine tribes, particularly in mandibular structure and petiole morphology. The tribe represents a well-supported monophyletic group within the ant phylogeny.
ants formicidae dolichoderinae insects hymenoptera
Dolichodynerus vandykei
Dolichodynerus vandykei is a species of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, described by Bohart in 1950. It belongs to the genus Dolichodynerus, which is characterized by elongated body proportions. The species epithet honors the entomologist Edwin C. Van Dyke, whose name appears in multiple other insect species. As a member of the Eumeninae subfamily, it is a solitary wasp that constructs nest cells from mud.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-dauber North-America California-fauna
Dolichomitus pygmaeus
A small parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from limited records in California. As a member of the genus Dolichomitus, it likely possesses an elongated ovipositor adapted for reaching wood-boring insect larvae deep within tree trunks, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Dolichomitus parasitoid California North-America
Dolichovespula albida
Arctic Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula albida, commonly known as the Arctic Yellowjacket, is a social wasp species in the family Vespidae. It is closely related to other Dolichovespula species such as D. arctica and D. arenaria, with which it shares ecological and behavioral traits. The species is primarily associated with northern and high-elevation habitats. Like other members of its genus, it constructs paper nests and exhibits social colony behavior with distinct castes.
social-wasp yellowjacket arctic high-elevation coniferous-forest Dolichovespula Vespidae Hymenoptera northern-distribution paper-nest
Dolichovespula arctica
Parasitic Aerial Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula arctica is a social parasitic wasp that lacks a worker caste, consisting only of reproductive females and males. It infiltrates established colonies of its primary host, Dolichovespula arenaria (Aerial Yellowjacket), and exploits the host's worker force to raise its own offspring. The species is rarely observed despite being fairly common across northern North America.
social-parasite yellowjacket vespid hymenoptera north-america montane coniferous-forest
Dolichozele
Dolichozele is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, first described by Viereck in 1911. Members of this genus belong to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the largest and most diverse groups of parasitoid wasps. The genus is part of the subfamily Braconinae or a related group within Braconidae, though precise subfamilial placement may require verification. Like other braconid wasps, species in this genus are presumed to be koinobiont or idiobiont parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.
parasitoid-wasp Braconidae Hymenoptera Viereck-1911
Dorymyrmex bureni
Buren's Pyramid Ant, Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex bureni is a medium-sized ant species in the genus Dorymyrmex, commonly known as pyramid ants. Described by Trager in 1988, this species is native to the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Workers are light orange, fast-moving, and range 2–4 mm in length. The species is distinguished by its crater-shaped nest mounds in sandy soil and a characteristic coconut-like odor emitted when crushed. Unlike the aggressive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), D. bureni is relatively harmless to humans and lacks a functional sting.
ant native coastal sand non-pest pyramid-ant Dolichoderinae Formicidae Hymenoptera United-States Atlantic-Coastal-Plain sea-turtle-nest-associate
Dracunesia
Dracunesia is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Bethylidae, described in 2018 by Alencar and Azevedo. The genus was established based on specimens from Brazil, representing a distinct lineage within this family of aculeate wasps. Bethylidae are known as flat wasps, characterized by their laterally compressed bodies and parasitoid lifestyle, primarily attacking immature stages of various insects. As a recently described genus, knowledge of Dracunesia remains limited to the original taxonomic description.
Bethylidae parasitoid-wasp Neotropical Brazil 2018 aculeate Hymenoptera flat-wasp recently-described
Druon pattoni
Druon pattoni is a species of cynipid gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, found in the United States. It forms leaf galls on several oak species (Quercus chapmanii and Quercus stellata, with tentative records from Quercus margarettae and Quercus sinuata var. breviloba). Only the asexual generation is known; adults emerge from mature galls in October to November.
gall-wasp cynipid oak-gall asexual-reproduction leaf-gall Quercus Hymenoptera
Dryocosmus albidus
Dryocosmus albidus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described by Weld in 1944. Members of this genus are known to induce galls on oak trees (Quercus spp.). The species name 'albidus' (Latin for 'whitish') likely refers to some aspect of the adult's coloration or the gall structure. As with other cynipids, this species has a complex life cycle typically involving both sexual and asexual generations, with associated morphological and ecological differences between generations.
gall-wasp Cynipidae oak-gall Hymenoptera parasitoid-associated
Dryocosmus asymmetricus
Dryocosmus asymmetricus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Kinsey in 1922. The genus Dryocosmus comprises gall-forming wasps associated with oak trees (Quercus species). Members of this genus induce galls on various parts of host oaks, though specific details about D. asymmetricus remain limited in published literature.
Cynipidae gall-wasp oak-associated Hymenoptera
Dryocosmus cinereae
Dryocosmus cinereae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Ashmead in 1887. The genus Dryocosmus comprises gall-forming wasps associated with oak trees (Quercus species). As a member of Cynipidae, this species likely induces gall formation on host plant tissue, though specific gall morphology and host associations for D. cinereae require verification from primary sources. The species has been documented in citizen science observations, suggesting established populations in regions where it occurs.
gall-wasp oak-gall Cynipidae Hymenoptera
Dryocosmus favus
Dryocosmus favus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Beutenmueller in 1911. Members of the genus Dryocosmus are known to induce galls on oak trees (Quercus spp.). The species has been documented through a limited number of observations.
gall-wasp Cynipidae oak-gall Hymenoptera
Dryocosmus floridensis
A cynipid gall wasp native to Florida that induces galls on oaks. First described by Beutenmüller in 1917, this species belongs to a genus known for causing spherical or irregular galls on oak twigs and leaves. The species name reflects its geographic association with Florida.
gall-wasp cynipid oak-gall Florida-endemic Hymenoptera
Dufourea oenotherae
Dufourea oenotherae is a species of short-faced bee in the family Halictidae, described by Timberlake in 1939. The specific epithet 'oenotherae' indicates an association with evening primrose (Oenothera), suggesting a specialized host relationship. Members of the genus Dufourea are typically oligolectic, collecting pollen from a narrow range of host plants. The species is known from North America.
bee pollinator oligolectic evening-primrose Halictidae Rophitinae North-America Hymenoptera solitary-bee
Dusona egregia
Dusona egregia is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Viereck in 1916. Members of the genus Dusona are parasitoid wasps, with females using their ovipositors to lay eggs in host insects. The species belongs to a large genus containing over 400 described species worldwide.
parasitoid-wasp ichneumonid Hymenoptera
Dusona rufescens
Dusona rufescens is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Walley in 1940. As a member of the genus Dusona, it is part of a large and diverse group of parasitoid wasps. The species name "rufescens" refers to a reddish or rust-colored appearance. Very little specific information about this species has been documented in readily available sources.
ichneumonid parasitoid-wasp Hymenoptera
Dusona wyomingensis
Dusona wyomingensis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Viereck in 1906. The genus Dusona comprises parasitoid wasps, with most species targeting Lepidoptera larvae as hosts. This species is known from scattered records in western Canada, including Alberta and Saskatchewan. Published biological information specific to this species is limited.
parasitoid ichneumonid Hymenoptera western-Canada data-deficient
Duta
Duta is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Scelionidae, first described by Nixon in 1933. Members of this genus belong to the superfamily Platygastroidea, a group of small wasps that primarily parasitize insect eggs. The genus is part of the subfamily Scelioninae, which contains numerous genera of egg parasitoids with significant ecological importance in biological control.
parasitoid Scelionidae Platygastroidea egg-parasitoid Hymenoptera
Duta virginiensis
A species of parasitoid wasp in the family Scelionidae, order Hymenoptera. Members of this family are typically egg parasitoids of various insects, though specific biological details for this species remain undocumented in available sources. The genus Duta belongs to the superfamily Platygastroidea, a group of small wasps characterized by reduced wing venation and often associated with concealed host habitats.
parasitoid Scelionidae Platygastroidea Hymenoptera egg-parasitoid
Dyscritobaeus
Dyscritobaeus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Scelionidae, first described by Perkins in 1910. These small wasps belong to the superfamily Platygastroidea, a group characterized by reduced wing venation and often associated with egg parasitism. The genus is part of the diverse Scelioninae subfamily, which contains numerous genera of minute wasps that attack the eggs of various insects. Records of this genus are sparse, with limited observational data available.
Scelionidae parasitoid-wasp Platygastroidea egg-parasitoid Hymenoptera
Earinini
Earinini is a tribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Members of this tribe are small wasps that parasitize other insects. The tribe is relatively small and poorly documented compared to other braconid tribes.
parasitoid-wasps Braconidae Hymenoptera
Ecclitura
Ecclitura is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, first described by Kokujev in 1902. Members of this genus belong to the large and diverse subfamily Microgastrinae or related groups within Braconidae. The genus is poorly documented in modern literature, with extremely limited observational records—only one observation has been recorded on iNaturalist. As with other braconid genera, species likely function as koinobiont or idiobiont parasitoids of larval insects.
Hymenoptera Braconidae parasitoid wasps poorly-known
Echthrus niger
Echthrus niger is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1868. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps that attack wood-boring beetle larvae. The species has been recorded in western Canada, specifically in Alberta and surrounding regions.
parasitoid-wasp ichneumonid wood-borer-parasitoid Canadian-fauna Hymenoptera
Ectemnius centralis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius centralis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it is a solitary wasp. Detailed biological information for this species is limited in available sources.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera
Ectemnius cephalotes
Large Ectemnius
Ectemnius cephalotes is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is a solitary, fossorial wasp that constructs underground nests. The species has a broad distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. It is one of the larger members of the genus Ectemnius, which comprises approximately 80 species worldwide.
solitary-wasp fossorial Crabronidae Hymenoptera Holarctic-distribution
Ectemnius dives
Ectemnius dives is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found across Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that typically nest in wood and provision their nests with prey for their larvae.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera
Ectemnius maculosus
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius maculosus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. Its native range encompasses much of the eastern United States and southeasternmost Canada. The species has been reported from outside its native range in North America, Europe, and northern Asia, though these populations may represent adventive introductions. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, this species is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae eastern-North-America adventive-species Hymenoptera
Ectemnius sonorensis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius sonorensis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It was described by Cameron in 1891. The species is known from Central America. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp Central-America
Ectemnius trifasciatus
Ectemnius trifasciatus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Thomas Say in 1824 under the basionym Crabro trifasciatus. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it is part of a group of digger wasps known to nest in wood and provision their young with paralyzed flies. The species is recorded from North America, with specific observations from Alberta, Canada.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp digger-wasp North-America Alberta wood-nesting-wasp fly-predator
Ectopimorpha wilsoni
Ectopimorpha wilsoni is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It was described by Cresson in 1864. The species is part of a genus of parasitoid wasps, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Ichneumonidae parasitoid-wasp Hymenoptera North-America
Ectromatopsis americana
Ectromatopsis americana is a species of parasitic wasp in the family Encyrtidae, a large and diverse family within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. The species was described by Howard in 1898. As with other encyrtid wasps, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations and biological details remain poorly documented in published literature. The genus Ectromatopsis is relatively obscure, with limited species-level information available.
parasitoid Chalcidoidea Encyrtidae Hymenoptera Howard-1898 North-America Mexico Canada British-Columbia