Aphid
Guides
Nasonovia aquilegiae
Dark-spot Columbine Aphid
Nasonovia aquilegiae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Essig in 1917. It is commonly known as the Dark-spot Columbine Aphid, indicating an association with columbine plants (Aquilegia). The species belongs to the genus Nasonovia, which includes several economically significant agricultural pests.
Nearctaphis
Nearctaphis is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) established by Shaposhnikov in 1950. The genus comprises 13 species and two subspecies in North America, including species formerly classified under the genus Roepkea. Host plants, life cycles, and morphological forms of all species remain poorly documented. Additional field collections and host transfer experiments are needed to clarify the biology of this genus.
Nearctaphis bakeri
Short-beaked Clover Aphid
Nearctaphis bakeri is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Cowen in 1895. It is commonly known as the Short-beaked Clover Aphid. The species belongs to the Nearctic genus Nearctaphis, which is placed in the tribe Macrosiphini. Records indicate a disjunct distribution pattern with populations reported from both European localities (Yugoslavia, Albania, Belgium, Switzerland) and the Azorean island of São Miguel.
Neomyzus circumflexus
Crescent-marked lily aphid, Mottled arum aphid
Neomyzus circumflexus is a polyphagous aphid species known by two common names reflecting its association with lilies and arums. It is a significant greenhouse and ornamental pest, feeding on phloem sap and transmitting plant viruses. The species exhibits temperature-dependent immune responses to parasitoids and has been extensively studied for its nutritional physiology, including artificial diet requirements and symbiont dependencies.
Neophyllaphis podocarpi
Podocarpus Aphid
Neophyllaphis podocarpi is an aphid species in the subfamily Neophyllaphidinae, known as the podocarpus aphid. It is specialized on Podocarpus species (Podocarpaceae), a genus of coniferous trees. The species was first described from Japan in 1920 and has since been recorded in multiple regions including Hawaii, Italy, the Azores, and the Iberian Peninsula. Its spread appears linked to horticultural trade of host plants.
Neoprociphilus
Neoprociphilus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. The genus was established by Patch in 1912. The best-known species, Neoprociphilus aceris, has been studied for its life history and morphology. Members of this genus are associated with maple trees (Acer).
Neosymydobius
American Oak-twig Aphids
Neosymydobius is a small genus of aphids comprising six described Nearctic species. All species are exclusively associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.), feeding on twigs and branches. The genus was established by Baker in 1920 and is classified within the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Myzocallidini.
Neosymydobius albasiphus
White-cornicled Oak Aphid
Neosymydobius albasiphus is a North American aphid species originally described by Davis in 1914. It belongs to a small genus of six species associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.). The species has been redescribed in taxonomic revision of the genus. Common name refers to distinctive white cornicles.
Neotoxoptera
Neotoxoptera is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising at least seven described species. The genus is best known for N. formosana, the onion aphid, a significant agricultural pest of Allium crops. Species in this genus are oligophagous, specializing on plants in the Allium genus, and are distributed across Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, and Africa.
Neotoxoptera formosana
Onion Aphid
Neotoxoptera formosana is an oligophagous aphid pest specialized on Allium crops, originally described from Taiwan in 1921 and now distributed globally. It causes severe economic losses to Allium agriculture, particularly Allium tuberosum in China, through direct feeding damage and as a vector for plant viruses including garlic latent potyvirus and alstroemeria mosaic potyvirus. The species exhibits temperature-sensitive population dynamics with optimal reproduction at 20°C, and employs specific olfactory cues—particularly sulfur compounds like diallyl disulphide and dipropyl trisulphide—to locate host plants.
Obtusicauda
Obtusicauda is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Soliman in 1927. Species in this genus are small, soft-bodied sap-feeding insects. As members of the Macrosiphini, they possess long antennae and cornicles (siphunculi) on the abdomen. The genus includes species associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Oestlundiella
Oestlundiella is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The genus was established by Granovsky in 1930 and belongs to the tribe Calaphidini. It is part of the diverse aphid fauna associated with woody host plants. The genus remains poorly documented in public sources, with limited species-level information available.
Oestlundiella flava
Oestlundiella flava is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Davidson in 1912. It belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Calaphidini. As with other aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant sap. The specific epithet 'flava' (Latin for yellow) likely refers to its coloration. Available records indicate it is a rarely documented species with limited observational data.
Ovatus crataegarius
Hawthorn-Mint Aphid
Ovatus crataegarius, commonly known as the Hawthorn-Mint Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. Its taxonomic status is marked as doubtful or ambiguous synonym in major databases, with some sources suggesting it may be synonymous with Ovatus mentharius. The species has been recorded from the Azores islands and parts of Brazil.
Pachypappa
Pachypappa is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by Koch in 1856. The genus is currently considered valid, though some sources list it as a synonym of Cornaphis. Species are distributed across Europe and North America, with confirmed records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Pachypappa pseudobyrsa
Pachypappa pseudobyrsa is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. It belongs to a genus of root-feeding aphids associated with poplar and cottonwood trees (Populus spp.). The species was described by Benjamin Walsh in 1863 and is part of a taxonomically complex group of gall-forming and free-living aphids with alternating generations between tree hosts and secondary hosts.
Pachypappa sacculi
Aspen leaf-pocket aphid
Pachypappa sacculi, commonly known as the aspen leaf-pocket aphid, is a gall-forming aphid species in the family Aphididae. It induces distinctive pocket-like galls on leaves of aspen and related poplar species. The species belongs to the subfamily Pemphiginae, which includes many aphids that form complex plant galls. Observations on iNaturalist indicate it is documented across multiple regions where host trees occur.
Panaphidina
Panaphidina is a subtribe within the aphid tribe Panaphidini, family Aphididae. It was established by Oestlund in 1923 and is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The subtribe encompasses certain aphid genera historically grouped together based on morphological similarities. Members belong to the subfamily Calaphidinae, a diverse group of aphids found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.
Panaphis
Panaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The best-known species, Panaphis juglandis, is a destructive pest of walnut trees (Juglans spp.) and forms mutualistic associations with tending ants. Ants protect these aphids from predators such as lady beetles in exchange for honeydew. The genus has been documented in parts of Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Panaphis juglandis
Walnut Aphid, Large Walnut Aphid
Panaphis juglandis, the large walnut aphid, is a phloem-feeding pest of walnut trees (Juglans regia). It colonizes exclusively the upper (adaxial) surface of walnut compound leaves, forming dense colonies along the main vascular veins of the outer leaflets. Native to the Old World (Central Asia and southeastern Europe), it has spread across Europe and was introduced to California in the early 20th century. The species reduces tree vigor, nut yield, and quality, and excretes honeydew that promotes sooty mold growth. It forms mutualistic relationships with ant species that tend and protect colonies from predators.
Parasyrphus
Bristleside Flies
Parasyrphus is a genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) comprising 31 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Adults are small to medium-sized (5.6–11 mm) with characteristic yellow abdominal markings. The genus exhibits notable larval trophic diversity: most known larvae are aphid predators on trees, while at least two species (P. nigritarsis and P. melanderi) are specialist predators of leaf beetle eggs and larvae. This dietary specialization is unusual among syrphid flies and involves sophisticated chemical ecology where predators exploit prey defensive secretions as foraging cues.
Patchiella
Patchiella is a genus of aphids in the subfamily Pemphiginae, established by Tullgren in 1925. The genus is distinguished by its obligate association with Tilia species, where colonies form distinctive "leaf nests" by folding and binding leaves together. Members exhibit host alternation, migrating between Tilia (primary host) and Araceae (secondary host) seasonally. The genus includes P. kolokasia, recently documented from South Korea, expanding its known range from China and Japan.
Patchiella kolokasia
Patchiella kolokasia is a gall-forming aphid in the subfamily Pemphiginae. It forms distinctive leaf nests on Tilia species and exhibits host alternation, with Araceae serving as secondary hosts. The species was described from China in 1999 and has since been recorded from Japan and, more recently, South Korea. This represents the first documentation of the genus Patchiella on the Korean Peninsula.
Pemphigini
Pemphigini is a tribe of gall-forming aphids within the subfamily Pemphiginae. The tribe comprises two subtribes: Prociphilina, which typically induces pseudo-galls on leaves, and Pemphigina, which forms both pseudo-galls and true galls at various locations on host plants including leaf-petiole joints, petiole midpoints, and branches. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that Pemphigina is monophyletic, though the monophyly of Pemphigini as a whole is not supported. Gall morphology in this group appears to have evolved from open pseudo-galls to closed galls, with progressive relocation to more protected positions on the host plant.
Pemphigus
Poplar Leaf-stem Gall Aphids
Pemphigus is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as poplar leaf-stem gall aphids. Species in this genus are specialized herbivores that induce distinctive galls on poplar (Populus) and related host plants. The genus is notable for its complex life cycles involving alternation between primary woody hosts and secondary herbaceous hosts, with some species remaining entirely on roots of secondary hosts. Pemphigus species are frequently confused with other root-feeding aphids in agricultural and horticultural contexts.
Pemphigus bursarius
lettuce root aphid, poplar gall aphid
Pemphigus bursarius is a host-alternating aphid with a heteroecious life cycle involving Populus species as primary hosts and Asteraceae (particularly lettuce) as secondary hosts. On poplars, it forms flask-shaped leaf-stalk galls in spring; on secondary hosts, it lives subterraneanly feeding on roots. The species exhibits unusual flexibility in its life cycle, with some populations capable of asexual overwintering in soil without returning to the primary host. It is an economically significant pest of lettuce crops and shows genetically distinct host-associated populations.
Pemphigus knowltoni
Pemphigus knowltoni is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Stroyan in 1970. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, a group of aphids commonly known as gall aphids or poplar gall aphids due to their habit of inducing gall formation on host plants. The species is part of the subfamily Pemphiginae, which contains many species with complex life cycles involving host alternation between primary woody hosts (typically poplars in the genus Populus) and secondary herbaceous hosts. Very little specific information about P. knowltoni has been published in the accessible literature.
Pemphigus populicaulis
Poplar Leaf-base Gall
Pemphigus populicaulis is a gall-forming aphid species that induces distinct galls at the leaf bases of poplar trees. As a member of the genus Pemphigus, it exhibits the typical life cycle of root-gall aphids, alternating between primary hosts (Populus species) and secondary hosts (often roots of herbaceous plants). The species was described by Fitch in 1859 and is widely distributed across North America. It is frequently referenced in historical literature on gall aphids but has been subject to taxonomic confusion with related Pemphigus species.
Pemphigus populiglobuli
poplar bullet gall aphid
Pemphigus populiglobuli is a Nearctic aphid species known for forming bullet-shaped galls on poplar leaves during its primary generation. The Svalbard High Arctic population represents a remarkable secondary generation that has lost its primary host association and adapted to year-round root-feeding on grasses. Molecular analyses confirmed these specimens belong to P. populiglobuli rather than the historically assumed P. groenlandicus. The study proposes synonymizing P. groenlandicus and its subspecies crassicornis under P. populiglobuli based on morphometric similarity across Arctic and European populations.
Pemphigus populiramulorum
Poplar Twig Gall Aphid
Pemphigus populiramulorum is a gall-forming aphid in the family Aphididae, known from poplar (Populus) hosts. It induces distinctive twig galls on its primary host. The species has a complex life cycle involving host alternation, though specific secondary host details are not well documented in available sources. It has been confused with other root-feeding Pemphigus species in informal literature.
Pemphigus populitransversus
poplar petiole gall aphid, cabbage root aphid
Pemphigus populitransversus is a gall-forming aphid that induces distinctive fleshy galls on the petioles of poplar leaves. The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving alternation between primary hosts (Populus species) and secondary hosts in the Brassicaceae family. On poplars, females induce green or red galls up to 14 mm in diameter at leaf bases, where they lay eggs; a slit in the gall allows aphid exit. On Brassica hosts, the aphid forms root galls. Adults are small (1.6–2.6 mm) and morphologically distinct from other aphids in lacking abdominal cornicles and having relatively short antennae and legs.
Pemphigus populivenae
Sugarbeet Root Aphid
Pemphigus populivenae is a root-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Sugarbeet Root Aphid. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises gall-forming and root-feeding aphids primarily associated with poplar (Populus) species as primary hosts. The species has been historically documented in North America since the mid-19th century. Like other Pemphigus species, it exhibits a complex life cycle involving host alternation between poplar trees and secondary herbaceous hosts.
Pemphigus tartareus
Pemphigus tartareus is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises root-feeding aphids often associated with gall formation or subterranean development on host plants. The species has been historically confused with other root-infesting aphids in agricultural and horticultural contexts, particularly in discussions of "root aphid" pests.
Pentalonia
Pentalonia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Coquerel in 1859. The genus contains at least four recognized species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Pentalonia nigronervosa, the banana aphid, is the most extensively studied species due to its role as the primary vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), a devastating disease of banana crops worldwide. Recent morphometric and molecular studies have clarified that P. nigronervosa and P. caladii are distinct cryptic species with different host plant preferences.
Periphyllus
Periphyllus Aphids, maple aphids
Periphyllus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Chaitophorinae, containing more than 40 described species. Species in this genus are primarily associated with maple trees (Acer spp.), though some feed on related host plants such as Koelreuteria. Many species exhibit complex life cycles with polymorphic forms including viviparous females, aestivating dimorphs, and sexual morphs. Several species are invasive pests outside their native ranges, spreading with ornamental host plants.
Periphyllus californiensis
California maple aphid, Japanese maple aphid
Periphyllus californiensis is an invasive aphid species native to East Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Russian Far East) that has established populations in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. It is a specialist feeder on maple trees (Acer spp.), with documented hosts including Acer palmatum, A. japonicum, A. amoenum, and numerous other maple species. The species exhibits complex phenological synchrony with host trees, producing distinct larval morphs—non-summer-diapause larvae on unexpanded leaves and summer-diapause (aestivating) dimorphs on expanded leaves—based on host plant nutritional quality rather than genetic generation. High mortality (>99.9%) of summer dimorphs has been observed, with survivors resuming activity in autumn. The species has been recorded in Poland since 2009 and spreads via ornamental maple trade.
Periphyllus lyropictus
Norway Maple Aphid
Periphyllus lyropictus is a specialist aphid species feeding exclusively on Norway maple (Acer platanoides). It possesses a distinctive di-symbiotic bacterial system involving Buchnera aphidicola and Serratia symbiotica as co-obligate nutritional endosymbionts. The S. symbiotica strain in this species exhibits a highly invasive phenotype with bacterial motility due to complete flagellum expression, contrasting with the strictly compartmentalized symbiont arrangement found in related aphid species. The two symbionts metabolically complement each other for biosynthesis of essential amino acids and B vitamins.
Periphyllus negundinis
Box Elder Aphid
A North American aphid species specialized on box elder trees. Forms dense colonies on leaves and stems, often becoming conspicuous due to honeydew production and associated sooty mold. The species was first described in 1878 and remains a common, well-documented member of the aphid genus Periphyllus.
Periphyllus testudinaceus
Common Maple Aphid
Periphyllus testudinaceus, known as the Common Maple Aphid, is a sap-feeding insect in the family Aphididae. It is associated with maple trees (Acer species) and has been documented across parts of Europe. The species exhibits typical aphid morphology with soft bodies and piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for extracting plant fluids.
Phorodon
Phorodon is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae containing at least two economically significant species: Phorodon humuli (damson-hop aphid) and Phorodon cannabis (cannabis aphid). The genus exhibits host specialization, with P. humuli feeding on hop (Humulus lupulus) and P. cannabis restricted to hemp and cannabis (Cannabis sativa). Both species are recognized agricultural pests in their respective cropping systems. P. humuli has been extensively studied for insecticide resistance mechanisms involving elevated esterase activity, while P. cannabis has emerged as a concern in the expanding North American hemp industry following legalization.
Phorodon cannabis
Cannabis Aphid, Hemp Aphid
Phorodon cannabis is a monophagous aphid pest specialized on hemp (Cannabis sativa), causing significant damage in field and greenhouse cultivations. Native to Eurasia and North Africa, it was first detected in North America in 2016 and has since spread to multiple U.S. states and Canada. The species feeds on phloem sap, causing plant wilting, yellowing, and yield reduction, and transmits Cannabis Streak Virus. Optimal development occurs at 25°C, with mild abiotic stress paradoxically stimulating reproduction via hormesis.
Phyllaphis
woolly beech aphids
Phyllaphis is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Koch in 1856. The genus comprises at least four described species, with Phyllaphis fagi and P. grandifoliae commonly known as woolly beech aphids. Species in this genus are associated with beech trees (Fagus spp.) and exhibit complex life cycles with multiple generations per growing season. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with some species historically placed in related genera such as Tamalia.
Phyllaphis fagi
Woolly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi, the woolly beech aphid, is a small sap-sucking insect that lives exclusively on beech trees (Fagus species). It produces dense white to bluish-white wax threads that give colonies a distinctive woolly appearance. The species has a complex life cycle involving both winged and wingless forms, with up to ten generations per year in favorable conditions. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to several other regions including North America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it can become a significant pest in beech forests and nurseries.
Pleotrichophorus
Pleotrichophorus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Börner in 1930. The genus contains species distributed across Europe, Southeastern Asia, and North America. P. glandulosus, described from Germany, serves as the type species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place Pleotrichophorus within Macrosiphini sensu stricto.
Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes
Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Palmer in 1938. It belongs to the genus Pleotrichophorus, a group of aphids associated with Asteraceae host plants. The species has been documented in limited observations, with records available through iNaturalist. Like other members of its genus, it likely specializes on particular host plants within its family.
Plocamaphis flocculosa
Large Waxy Willow Aphid
Plocamaphis flocculosa is a large aphid species known for its conspicuous waxy covering. It is specialized on willows (Salix species) and produces dense flocculent wax secretions that give it a distinctive woolly appearance. The species is native to North America and has been introduced to parts of Europe, where it has established populations. Its common name directly references the characteristic waxy filaments that coat the body.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
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Woolly Aphids
Prociphilus is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Eriosomatinae, comprising approximately 50 species. These aphids are notable for inducing gall formation on host plants, within which they reside and feed. The genus exhibits complex life cycles including host alternation and polyphenism, with multiple distinct morphs adapted to different hosts and conditions. Several species have documented mutualistic relationships with ants, and some display remarkable seasonal phenomena such as the mass emergence of Prociphilus oriens in Japan, which is culturally associated with the first snowfall.
Prociphilus caryae
hickory woolly aphid
Prociphilus caryae, the hickory woolly aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, this species is characterized by dense white waxy secretions that cover the body, giving it a distinctive woolly appearance. The species is associated with hickory trees (Carya spp.) as its primary host. Woolly aphids in this genus are known for complex life cycles that typically involve host alternation between a primary woody host and secondary herbaceous hosts, though specific details for P. caryae are not well documented in available sources.
Prociphilus fraxinifolii
leafcurl ash aphid
Prociphilus fraxinifolii, commonly known as the leafcurl ash aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder on ash (Fraxinus) species, causing characteristic leaf curl damage to host plants. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, it produces dense white waxy secretions that give colonies a distinctive woolly appearance. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland, with observations also recorded in North America.