California
Guides
Sitalcina
Sitalcina is a genus of armoured harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Phalangodidae, established by Nathan Banks in 1911. The genus contains approximately 10 described species, all endemic to western North America, primarily distributed in California and adjacent regions. These harvestmen belong to the suborder Laniatores, a group characterized by relatively short legs and heavily sclerotized body armor. Most species have been described from cave or deep-soil habitats, reflecting a troglomorphic or endogean lifestyle.
Sitalcina californica
Sitalcina californica is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae, first described by Banks in 1893. Originally placed in the genus Sitalces, it was later transferred to Sitalcina. The species is found in North America, though specific details about its ecology and biology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Sminthurus eisenii
A globular springtail in the family Sminthuridae, first described from California in 1891. Belongs to the order Symphypleona, characterized by a rounded body form and reduced or absent furcula in some species. Part of a genus containing several agricultural pest species, though specific pest status for this species is undocumented.
Socalchemmis
false wolf spiders
Socalchemmis is a genus of spiders in the family Zoropsidae, first described by Norman I. Platnick and D. Ubick in 2001. The genus name derives from "Southern Californian Chemmis," reflecting its original discovery in California. The genus contains seventeen described species distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with most species described from California localities. These spiders are commonly referred to as false wolf spiders due to their resemblance to true wolf spiders (Lycosidae).
Socalchemmis miramar
false wolf spider, wandering spider
Socalchemmis miramar is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae, described by Platnick and Ubick in 2001. It belongs to a group commonly referred to as false wolf spiders or wandering spiders. The species is known from the United States, with records indicating a distribution in southern California. As a member of Zoropsidae, it represents part of a family of spiders that are generally ground-dwelling and nocturnal hunters.
Socalchemmis shantzi
Socalchemmis shantzi is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae, commonly referred to as false wolf spiders and wandering spiders. The species was described by Platnick and Ubick in 2001. It is endemic to the United States, specifically known from California. The genus Socalchemmis was established as a new genus in the same 2001 revision, representing a previously unrecognized group of North American spiders.
Soliperla sierra
Soliperla sierra is a stonefly species in the family Peltoperlidae, first described by Stark in 1983. The species is notable for its vibrational communication system, with male call and response signals described for the first time in a 2023 study. Males produce repeated monophasic call signals consisting of one to six signals with inconsistent inter-call intervals. Females respond with sequenced monophasic answers that do not follow all male calls, and occasional three-way exchanges occur when males respond to female answers. The species is known from California.
Spaniacris
spanistic desert grasshoppers
Spaniacris is a genus of desert grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae, established by Hebard in 1937. The genus contains at least one described species, S. deserticola. These insects are associated with arid environments and are part of the diverse grasshopper fauna of western North America.
Spilomyia interrupta
Interrupted Hornet Fly
Spilomyia interrupta, commonly known as the Interrupted Hornet Fly, is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae. First described by Williston in 1882, this uncommon species is native to western North America, particularly along the California coast. Like other members of the genus Spilomyia, it exhibits remarkable mimicry of yellowjacket wasps, including similar coloration, body shape, and even wingbeat frequency. Adults visit flowers for nectar and pollen, while larvae develop in moist tree rot holes.
Spilopteron formosum
Spilopteron formosum is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1868. The genus Spilopteron belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families within Hymenoptera. Species in this genus are poorly documented in the scientific literature, with limited published information on their biology and ecology. The specific epithet "formosum" is Latin for "beautiful" or "handsome," likely referring to some aspect of the species' appearance.
Stagmomantis californica
California mantis, California mantid
Stagmomantis californica is a native California praying mantis and one of approximately 20 native mantis species in the United States. It is one of three native mantid species in California, alongside Stagmomantis limbata and Litaneutria minor. The species is characterized by dark bands on abdominal tergites, a potentially diagnostic feature when examined with male genitalia. Basic biological information including morphology, biometry, life history, and ecology remains incomplete for this species.
Stamoderes uniformis
Stamoderes uniformis is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, first described by Casey in 1888. The species is known from western North America, with confirmed records from California. As a member of the subfamily Entiminae, it possesses the characteristic short, broad rostrum typical of broad-nosed weevils.
Stegea powelli
Stegea powelli is a moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Munroe in 1972. It is known from California in western North America. The species belongs to the subfamily Glaphyriinae, a group of small to medium-sized moths often associated with grasses and other herbaceous plants. Very little is known about its biology or ecology.
Stenodynerus anormis
Mason wasp
Stenodynerus anormis is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species is difficult to distinguish from the related genus Parancistrocerus based on live specimens or photographs; microscopic examination of actual specimens is often required for positive identification. Females are known to provision nest cavities with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larval offspring. The species has been documented utilizing artificial nesting structures such as bee blocks.
Stenodynerus ochrogonius
A solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, originally described by Bohart in 1944. Currently treated as a synonym of Rhynchalastor ochrogonius in some taxonomic databases, though iNaturalist and other sources maintain it under Stenodynerus. Like other eumenine wasps, females are predatory on caterpillars, which they paralyze and provision in nest cells for their larval offspring. Males have a distinctive antennal modification with the last segment folded like a finger against the adjacent segment. The species has been documented in Colorado and California.
Stenopodius martini
Stenopodius martini is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Blaisdell in 1939. It belongs to the subfamily Cassidinae, a group commonly known as tortoise beetles or hispine beetles. The species is known from the southwestern United States. Its food plant remains unknown, though adults have been collected on Sphaeralcea species.
Stenoptilia exclamationis
Exclamatory and Colorado Plume Moths
Stenoptilia exclamationis is a moth complex in the family Pterophoridae, commonly known as the Exclamatory and Colorado Plume Moths. It occurs in the western United States, with records from California and Oregon. The complex designation indicates this taxon may encompass multiple closely related species or subspecies that require further taxonomic clarification. As a plume moth, it belongs to a family characterized by distinctive wing morphology.
Stereogaster globosa
Stereogaster globosa is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, described by Van Dyke in 1936. The species belongs to the tribe Geonemini within the subfamily Entiminae, a group commonly known as root weevils or broad-nosed weevils. The specific epithet 'globosa' refers to its rounded, globular body shape. The genus Stereogaster is part of the diverse weevil fauna of western North America.
Sticthippus
Sticthippus is a genus of band-winged grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, established by Scudder in 1892. The genus contains a single described species, S. californicus. It belongs to the tribe Hippiscini within the subfamily Oedipodinae. The genus is endemic to California.
Sticthippus californicus
fastigial range grasshopper
Sticthippus californicus, commonly known as the fastigial range grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It was first described by Scudder in 1892. The species belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae, which are characterized by their banded wings. It is found in western North America, with confirmed records from California.
Stictiella villegasi
Algodones Sand Wasp
Stictiella villegasi, commonly known as the Algodones Sand Wasp, is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Bembicidae). It is endemic to the Algodones Dunes in North America, indicating a highly restricted geographic range. The species was described by R. Bohart in 1982.
Stigmella braunella
Catalina Cherry Leaf Miner
Stigmella braunella is a micro-moth in the family Nepticulidae, endemic to California. First described by W.W. Jones in 1933, this species has a wingspan of 5.4–6.6 mm and completes two generations per year. The larvae are leaf miners on Prunus ilicifolia (Catalina cherry), feeding within the leaves of this host plant.
Stigmella ceanothi
Stigmella ceanothi is a pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, first described by Braun in 1910 under the name Nepticula ceanothi. The species is endemic to California, United States, where it develops as a leafminer on host plants in the genus Ceanothus. Like other Stigmella species, the larvae feed internally within leaves, creating characteristic mines. The moth belongs to a large genus of minute leafmining moths that are ecologically significant as specialists on particular host plant genera.
Stigmella longisacca
Stigmella longisacca is a pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, first described in 1982. It is endemic to California, where its larvae are leaf miners on Juglans species, particularly Juglans californica. The species has a wingspan of 3.2–4.4 mm and appears to have two to three generations per year.
Stigmella variella
Stigmella variella is a pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, characterized by its small size and leaf-mining larval habit. The species is known from California and Arizona, where larvae feed on three oak species. Adults have a wingspan of 5.5–7.5 mm. Two to three generations occur annually in California, with active leaf mines present from July to early September and February to April.
Susulus venustus
Susulus venustus is a stonefly species in the family Perlodidae, described by Jewett in 1965. It belongs to the genus Susulus within the tribe Perlodini. The species is known from California in western North America. As a member of the Plecoptera order, it is part of the aquatic insect community associated with freshwater habitats.
Sympistis aterrima
Sympistis aterrima is a small noctuid moth described by Grote in 1879. It is known from limited observations in western North America, with records from California. The species was originally described under the genus Stylopoda before being transferred to Sympistis.
Sympistis buto
Sympistis buto is a moth in the family Noctuidae, first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is known from North America, with records from California. The species has a wingspan of approximately 33 mm. Very little is known about its biology or ecology.
Synecdoche irrorata
Synecdoche irrorata is a species of planthopper in the family Achilidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. This small hemipteran belongs to a group of fulgoroid insects commonly known as achilid planthoppers. Members of this family are typically associated with fungal-feeding habits and are often found in wooded habitats. The species is known from western North America, with records from California and Baja California.
Tachardiella
lac scales
Tachardiella is a genus of lac scales (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species in this genus are associated with specific host plants and serve as hosts for parasitoid wasps in the genus Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The genus is poorly studied, with limited biological and ecological documentation available.
Taenionema californicum
California willowfly
Taenionema californicum, commonly known as the California willowfly, is a species of winter stonefly in the family Taeniopterygidae. It is native to North America, with documented presence in California. As a member of the order Plecoptera, it is associated with freshwater habitats. The species was first described by Needham and Claassen in 1925.
Tanystoma cuyama
Tanystoma cuyama is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Liebherr in 1985. The species is endemic to a restricted range in California, USA, specifically associated with the Cuyama Valley region from which it takes its specific epithet. It belongs to the subfamily Platyninae, a group of carabid beetles often associated with riparian and moist habitats. The species is known from limited collection records and iNaturalist observations, indicating it is either genuinely rare or undercollected.
Telamona vestita vestita
Telamona vestita vestita is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, native to western North America. As a member of the tribe Telamonini, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of the genus Telamona. The subspecies was described by Ball in 1925 and is known from California and Oregon. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations for this subspecies have not been documented in the available literature.
Teleonemia monile
Teleonemia monile is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae, described by Van Duzee in 1918. Lace bugs in this genus are small, plant-feeding true bugs characterized by their distinctive reticulated wing covers. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Telonaca ramona ramona
Telonaca ramona ramona is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1918. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately modified pronotum that extends over the thorax. This subspecies has been recorded from California.
Temnothorax quasimodo
Temnothorax quasimodo is a species of ant in the genus Temnothorax, family Formicidae, described in 2014 from California, USA. It was one of ten new Temnothorax species described in a study that doubled the number of species in this genus known from California. The species epithet references the hunchbacked appearance of the type specimen's petiole and postpetiole. Like other Temnothorax species, it is a small cavity-nesting ant that inhabits acorns, twigs, and other pre-existing plant cavities.
Teretrius cylindrellus
clown beetle
Teretrius cylindrellus is a small species of clown beetle (family Histeridae) described by Casey in 1916. It belongs to the tribe Teretriini within the subfamily Abraeinae, a group characterized by compact, often cylindrical body forms. The species is known from California, USA, and is part of a genus whose members are generally associated with decaying organic matter and fungal habitats.
Tesarius mcclayi
Tesarius mcclayi is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is native to North America, with confirmed records from California, USA. The species has been introduced to Great Britain, where it has established a presence. As a member of the subfamily Aphodiinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as small dung beetles or lesser dung beetles.
Tetragonoderus pallidus
Tetragonoderus pallidus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by George Henry Horn in 1868. The species is endemic to the Sonoran Desert region, occurring in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Records indicate presence in Arizona, California, and Mexico. As a member of the genus Tetragonoderus, it belongs to a group of small carabid beetles, though specific morphological and ecological details for this species remain limited in the available literature.
Tetramesa
Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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hotographydrone-imageryLiDARradarsonarseismicgeophysicalgeochemicalbiogeochemicalecoinformaticsbioinformaticscomputational-biologysystems-biologysynthetic-biologybiotechnologynanotechnologygenetic-engineeringgenome-editingCRISPRTALENzinc-finger-nucleasetransgeniccisgenicintragenicsubgenicagrobacterium-mediated-transformationbiolisticselectroporationmicroinjectionprotoplast-fusionsomatic-hybridizationcybridasymmetric-hybridsynthetic-polyploiddoubled-haploidhaploid-inductionanther-culturemicrospore-cultureovule-cultureembryo-cultureendosperm-cultureprotoplast-culturecell-culturetissue-cultureorgan-cultureshoot-cultureroot-culturecallus-culturesuspension-culturebioreactorhairy-root-culturetransformationhardeningmicropropagationclonal-propagationmeristem-cultureshoot-tip-cultureaxillary-bud-culturenodal-cultureleaf-culturepetiole-culturestem-cultureinternode-culturerhizome-culturebulb-culturecorm-culturetuber-cultureseed-culturezygotic-embryo-culturesomatic-embryo-culturesomatic-embryogenesisorganogenesiscaulogenesisrhizogenesisadventitious-shoot-formationdirect-regenerationindirect-regenerationprimary-metabolismsecondary-metabolismbiosynthesisbiotransformationbioconversionbiodegradationbioremediationphytoremediationmycoremediationzooremediationbioaugmentationbiostimulationnatural-attenuationmonitored-natural-attenuationengineered-natural-attenuationpermeable-reactive-barrierpump-and-treatsoil-vapor-extractionair-spargingthermal-desorptionincinerationlandfillingcontainmentcappingslurry-wallgrout-curtainsheet-pilingclay-linergeomembranegeotextilegeogridgeocompositegeosyntheticgeofabricgeonetgeocellgeopipegeostripgeofoamgeobaggeotubegeocontainergeomatgeoblanketgeospacergeodraingeoinjectiongeogroutgeopiergeocolumngeopilegeowallgeobermgeotrenchgeocutgeofillgeoliftgeoslabgeopanelgeoblockgeobrickgeotilegeopavergeowebgeomattressgeocushionThaumatographa regalis
Psychedelic Regal Moth
Thaumatographa regalis is a small tortricid moth native to California. First described by Walsingham in 1881, this species was previously classified under the genus Hilarographa. The common name "Psychedelic Regal Moth" reflects its distinctive coloration. It belongs to the subfamily Chlidanotinae and tribe Hilarographini, a group of tortricids often associated with distinctive wing patterns.
Thaumatomyia rubida
grass fly
Thaumatomyia rubida is a small grass fly in the family Chloropidae, first described by Coquillett in 1898. The species is known from California and is characterized by its yellow-orange coloration and diminutive size of 2-3 millimeters. As a member of the grass fly group, it belongs to a family commonly associated with grassland and agricultural habitats.
Thyce deserta
Thyce deserta is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Melolonthinae. It was described by Hardy in 1974 and is known from California, USA. As a member of the genus Thyce, it belongs to a group of melolonthine scarabs found in western North America.
Tiaja cruzensis
Tiaja cruzensis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Megophthalminae. The species was described in 1982 by Gill and Oman from specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, California. As a member of the Megophthalmini tribe, it belongs to a group characterized by enlarged eyes and associated with coastal and insular habitats in western North America. The genus Tiaja contains few described species, and T. cruzensis is among the more geographically restricted members.
Tibicinoides minuta
Tibicinoides minuta is a small cicada species first described by Davis in 1915, originally placed in the genus Okanagana. It belongs to the family Cicadidae and is native to California. The species epithet 'minuta' refers to its small size. As a member of the subfamily Tibicininae, it shares characteristics with other small cicadas in this group.
Ticrania chamberlini
Ticrania chamberlini is a species of planthopper in the family Dictyopharidae, subfamily Orgeriinae. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1923. It belongs to the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group of true bugs known for their distinctive head morphology and often elaborate pronotal structures. Like other members of the family Dictyopharidae, this species is characterized by an elongated, often snout-like head projection. The genus Ticrania is placed in the tribe Orgeriini within the subfamily Orgeriinae.
Timema chumash
Chumash Timema
Timema chumash is a species of walkingstick insect in the family Timematidae, endemic to California. Like other members of the genus Timema, it is a small, wingless phasmid with reduced body size compared to most stick insects. The species was described by Hebard in 1920. It is part of a genus notable for being the only known genus of stick insects in the Americas with a relictual distribution in western North America.
Timema genevievae
Genevieve's Timema
Timema genevievae is a species of walkingstick insect in the family Timematidae. It is one of several Timema species known for reproducing asexually via parthenogenesis. The species is endemic to California. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits cryptic coloration that provides camouflage against host plants.
Timema knulli
Knull's Timema
Timema knulli, commonly known as Knull's Timema, is a stick insect species endemic to California. It belongs to the genus Timema, which represents a relictual lineage of wingless, small-bodied phasmids. The species was described by Strohecker in 1951 and is named in honor of the entomologist Joseph Knull. Like other Timema species, it exhibits cryptic coloration and morphology adapted for camouflage on host plants.
Timema nevadense
Nevada Timema
Timema nevadense, known as the Nevada Timema, is a species of walkingstick in the family Timematidae. The species was described by Strohecker in 1966. It is one of approximately 20 species in the genus Timema, which represents a basal lineage of Phasmida restricted to western North America. Like other Timema species, it is a small, wingless stick insect with reduced morphology compared to more derived phasmids.