Treehopper
Guides
Leioscyta
Leioscyta is a genus of treehoppers (Family Membracidae) established by Fowler in 1894. The genus belongs to the tribe Membracini within the subfamily Membracinae. Treehoppers in this genus exhibit the characteristic enlarged pronotum that distinguishes the family. Information on species diversity and biology remains limited in published literature.
Leioscyta pallidipennis
Leioscyta pallidipennis is a treehopper species (Family Membracidae) described by Stål in 1869. The genus Leioscyta belongs to the tribe Membracini within the subfamily Membracinae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona (USA) and the Mexican states of Morelos and Puebla. As a member of Membracidae, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that extends over the body, though specific morphological details for this species are not well documented in available sources.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
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nchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteranMicrocentrus
Microcentrus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 10 described species. The genus belongs to the tribe Microcentrini within the subfamily Stegaspidinae. Species in this genus are found in North America and Mexico, including the hickory stegaspidine treehopper (M. caryae). The genus was established by Stål in 1870.
Microcentrus lynx
Microcentrus lynx is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae, described by Ball in 1933. It belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, a group characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado) and several Mexican states (Durango, Hidalgo, Michoacán). Like other treehoppers, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in published sources.
Microcentrus perditus
Microcentrus perditus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae. It is native to the Nearctic region, with confirmed records from Texas, USA. The species was described by Amyot and Audinet-Serville in 1843 and belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, which is characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of this group of treehoppers.
Microcentrus solussidus
Microcentrus solussidus is a treehopper species described in 2004 from Texas. It belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, characterized by pronotal modifications that extend over the body. The genus Microcentrus is part of the subfamily Stegaspidinae, a group of treehoppers found in the Nearctic region. This species was described relatively recently compared to many congeners, reflecting ongoing taxonomic work in this morphologically diverse family.
Micrutalini
Micrutalini is a tribe of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) containing two genera: Micrutalis and Trachytalis. The tribe is distinguished by exceptionally small fifth-instar nymphs (3.0–3.5 mm) and unique morphological features including ventrolateral scoli in some species—a condition unknown elsewhere in Smiliinae. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not associated with ants. The tribe occurs throughout much of the Americas and the West Indies.
Micrutalis
Micrutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing at least 30 described species distributed throughout the Americas. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized treehoppers characterized by their distinctive pronotal morphology. Several species have been documented as vectors of plant pathogens, including Micrutalis malleifera, which transmits Pseudo-Curly Top Virus. The genus exhibits host plant associations primarily with herbaceous plants, including species in Solanaceae.
Micrutalis calva
Honeylocust Treehopper
Micrutalis calva is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the Honeylocust Treehopper. It is a polyphagous herbivore that feeds on numerous plant species across diverse families. Unlike many treehoppers that specialize on woody hosts, this species is restricted to herbaceous plants. Nymphs have been specifically observed on Vernonia flowers.
Micrutalis dorsalis
Micrutalis dorsalis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fitch in 1851. The species is distributed across the northeastern and north-central United States, with records from Connecticut, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, and New Jersey. Like other members of the genus Micrutalis, it is associated with herbaceous plant hosts. The species is part of a diverse group of treehoppers that exhibit specialized host plant relationships.
Micrutalis flava
Yellow Micrutalis treehopper
Micrutalis flava is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1929. The species belongs to a genus whose members are restricted to herbaceous plant hosts. Very little published information exists specifically for this species, with most knowledge inferred from genus-level characteristics and limited observation records. The species has been documented in Utah and appears to be rarely encountered based on available observation data.
Micrutalis malleifera
pseudo-curly top treehopper
Micrutalis malleifera is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the pseudo-curly top treehopper. It is the only known member of its family capable of transmitting a plant disease agent, specifically the Tomato pseudo-curly top virus (genus Topocuvirus). The species has been documented from the southern United States through Central America, with confirmed host plant associations including Physalis walteri and Solanum elaeagnifolium.
Micrutalis pallens
Micrutalis pallens is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first documented in the United States in 2016. The species was originally described by Fowler in 1895. It is associated with Celtis laevigata (sugarberry) as a host plant. The male was formally described and the female redescribed in the 2016 publication documenting its U.S. occurrence.
Micrutalis parva
Micrutalis parva is a small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Goding in 1893. The species is characterized by its diminutive size relative to other members of the genus Micrutalis. Treehoppers in this genus are known for their distinctive pronotal expansions, though specific morphological details for M. parva are limited in available sources. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California.
Multareoides
Multareoides is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, and tribe Centrodontini. It was described by Cook in 1953. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive pronotal modifications, a defining feature of treehoppers. The genus is part of the diverse and ecologically significant treehopper fauna, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Multareoides bifurcatus
Multareoides bifurcatus is a treehopper species (Membracidae) described by Cook in 1953. The species is characterized by its bifurcated pronotal structure, as suggested by its specific epithet. It belongs to the tribe Centrodontini within the subfamily Centrotinae. The genus Multareoides is a small group of treehoppers with limited published biological information.
Ochropepla
Ochropepla is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Hoplophorionini. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera) characterized by their highly modified pronotum that often forms elaborate projections. The genus was established by Stål in 1870 and is distributed in Australia, including Tasmania, New South Wales, and Victoria. The wingspan of at least one species is approximately 40 mm.
Ophiderma
Ophiderma is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Fairmaire in 1847. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species. As members of the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Smiliini, these insects are characterized by the enlarged pronotum typical of treehoppers. The genus has been documented in North America, with records from the United States and Mexico.
Ophiderma compacta
Ophiderma compacta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Gibson and Wells in 1917. The genus Ophiderma belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. Species in this genus are part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from the southwestern United States.
Ophiderma flava
Ophiderma flava is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Frederic Webster Goding in 1893. It is found in mixed hardwood forests of eastern North America, where it is closely associated with oak trees (Quercus). The species is active from June to August and feeds specifically on oak species.
Ophiderma panda
Ophiderma panda is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. The species is native to the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from Arizona. Like other members of the genus Ophiderma, it possesses a distinctive enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The specific epithet "panda" likely refers to coloration patterns, though detailed descriptions of its appearance remain limited in available literature.
Ophiderma stonei
Ophiderma stonei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Ball in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related leafhoppers. The species is known from Florida, USA, and belongs to a genus containing multiple North American species that can be challenging to distinguish without close examination.
Palonica
Palonica is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini, established by Ball in 1931. The genus contains four described species: Palonica nogalana, P. pyramidata, P. tremulata, and P. viridia. As members of the subfamily Smiliinae, these insects exhibit the pronounced pronotal modifications characteristic of many treehoppers. The genus has been documented in North America, with at least one species (Palonica portola) recorded from California.
Palonica pyramidata ampliata
Palonica pyramidata ampliata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body. The subspecies epithet "ampliata" suggests enlarged or amplified features relative to the nominate form.
Palonica pyramidata nasuta
A subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. Belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931.
Palonica pyramidata portola
Palonica pyramidata portola is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. It was described by Ball in 1931. The species Palonica pyramidata belongs to the tribe Telamonini, a group of treehoppers known for their often elaborate pronotal modifications. The subspecies epithet "portola" suggests a type locality or association, though specific details are not documented in available sources. Records indicate occurrence in Colorado, USA.
Palonica pyramidata pyramidata
Palonica pyramidata pyramidata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum. The subspecies was described by Uhler in 1877. It belongs to the Smiliinae subfamily, which is primarily distributed in the Nearctic region.
Palonica viridia
Palonica viridia is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1903. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The species has been recorded across multiple states in western and central North America.
Paraceresa
Paraceresa is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, established by Kopp & Yonke in 1979. The genus contains 11 described species distributed primarily in South America. Species have been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The genus belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the diverse treehopper radiation.
Paraceresa colon
Paraceresa colon is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Germar in 1835. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As with other membracids, this species is characterized by its distinctive pronotal structure. The genus Paraceresa is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the Americas.
Parantonae
Parantonae is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Ceresini. Members of this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of the Smiliinae subfamily. The genus was established by Fowler in 1895 and is currently accepted as valid. Species within Parantonae are found in the Neotropical region.
Parantonae arida
Parantonae arida is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Flock & Gill in 1987. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species is part of a genus whose members are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
Philya
A genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Walker in 1858. Species within this genus are seldom collected, with limited published biological information available. Philya ferruginosa is the best-documented species, for which the fifth instar nymph has been described and a host plant record established. Members of this genus possess the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, though species-specific morphological details remain poorly characterized in the literature.
Philya ferruginosa
Philya ferruginosa is a seldom-collected treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Goding in 1893. It belongs to the tribe Hypsoprorini, a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species is rarely encountered in collections, with limited published biological information available. A 2022 study provided the first documented host-plant record and described the fifth instar nymph.
Platycentrus
Platycentrus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, and tribe Platycentrini. The genus was established by Stål in 1869 and contains at least three described species: P. acuticornis, P. obtusicornis, and P. brevicornis. These species have been recorded from Mexico and the southwestern United States (California). As members of the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, they are characterized by an exposed scutellum, unlike most other membracid subfamilies where the pronotum covers this structure.
Platycentrus acuticornis
Platycentrus acuticornis is a treehopper species in the tribe Platycentrini, subfamily Centrotinae. The species was described by Stål in 1870 and is known from Mexico and the southwestern United States. Like other members of the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, it possesses an exposed scutellum not covered by the expanded pronotum—a trait distinguishing it from most other membracid subfamilies. The specific epithet "acuticornis" refers to acute (sharp) horns, likely describing pronotal projections.
Platycotis
Platycotis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, comprising approximately 13 described species. The genus is characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the family. The best-studied species, P. vittata (the oak treehopper), exhibits presocial behavior including maternal egg guarding and nymphal aggregations. Species in this genus are associated with woody host plants, particularly oaks.
Platycotis acutangula
Platycotis cf. acutangula is a treehopper species (family Membracidae) documented in dry-mesic oak-hickory forests of the Missouri Ozarks. The genus Platycotis is characterized by distinctive pronotal expansions that form various shapes and projections. This record represents a tentative identification (cf. = confer, meaning "compare with") based on morphological similarity to P. acutangula. Treehoppers in this genus are typically associated with oak species (Quercus), where they feed on phloem sap.
Platycotis tuberculata
A species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by an enlarged and modified pronotum typical of the genus. The species occurs in western North America and parts of Central America. Like other members of tribe Hoplophorionini, it exhibits pronounced pronotal ornamentation. Specific biological details remain poorly documented in the literature.
Platycotis vittata
Oak Treehopper
Platycotis vittata, commonly known as the oak treehopper, is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae. It is an obligate specialist on oak trees (Quercus spp.) and exhibits notable presocial behavior including maternal care of eggs and nymphs. Adults are 9–13 mm in length with variable coloration ranging from sea green to bronze, olive green, or pale blue with red dots or four lengthwise stripes. The species is bivoltine, producing two discrete generations in early spring and autumn, with females of both generations entering diapause. Males locate and court females using substrate-borne vibrational signals.
Polyglypta
Polyglypta is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the family. The genus was established by Burmeister in 1835 and contains at least three described species: P. costata, P. dorsalis, and P. lineata. All three species were described by Burmeister. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Polyglyptini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse and often elaborate pronotal structures.
Publilia
Publilia is a genus of treehoppers (Membracidae) native to North America, with species occurring primarily in the eastern and central United States. The genus is notable for forming dense aggregations on host plants, particularly goldenrods (Solidago spp.), where nymphs and adults are tended by ants in exchange for honeydew. This mutualistic relationship has made Publilia a model system for studying ant-hemipteran interactions and their ecological consequences for host plants. The genus is distinguished from related treehoppers by its relatively unadorned pronotum compared to the elaborate projections seen in many Neotropical membracids.
Publilia concava
Aster Treehopper
Publilia concava is an eastern North American treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) commonly occurring in large aggregations on goldenrod (Solidago spp.). Adults oviposit in early June; nymphs hatch by late June and aggregations peak in mid-July. The species forms dense aggregations of up to 500+ individuals on single plant ramets. It is obligately associated with tending ants, primarily Formica subsericea, Camponotus noveboracensis, and Lasius species, which defend treehoppers from natural enemies in exchange for honeydew. Feeding causes leaf damage including drooping and premature browning. The species is a model system for studying ant-hemipteran mutualisms and spatial ecology.
Publilia erecta
Publilia erecta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. Like other members of its genus, it is known for forming aggregations on host plants and engaging in mutualistic relationships with ants. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Treehoppers in this genus are notable for their complex social behaviors and ant-tended aggregations, though specific details for P. erecta itself are limited in published literature.
Publilia modesta
Publilia modesta is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. It is strongly associated with sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) and engages in well-documented mutualistic relationships with ants, which tend aggregations of nymphs and adults for honeydew. The species has been recorded from multiple ant species, with some evidence suggesting ant diversity rivaling that of Neotropical treehopper systems. It is one of the most frequently studied treehoppers in North America due to its accessibility and pronounced ant associations.
Publilia porrecta
Publilia porrecta is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. The genus Publilia is known for ant-tended mutualistic associations, with multiple ant species frequently visiting aggregations. Like other members of its tribe, this species exhibits subsocial behaviors and is associated with herbaceous host plants. The species has been documented in western North America, including Utah and Mexico.
Publilia reticulata
Publilia reticulata is a colonial treehopper (Membracidae) that feeds on New York ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis). It exhibits spatial segregation from the co-occurring aphid Aphis vernoniae through differential microhabitat use on shared host plants, with P. reticulata concentrated on middle leaves while A. vernoniae occupies inflorescences early in the season. The species maintains this position even as A. vernoniae shifts to senescent leaves late in the season, minimizing actual overlap despite apparent spatial convergence.
Scalmophorus
Scalmophorus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Hypsoprorini, established by Fowler in 1894. Members of this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of the Membracidae. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species descriptions and biological data available. It belongs to the diverse treehopper radiation within the Hemiptera, a group known for their elaborate pronotal structures.
Scalmophorus minutus
Scalmophorus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1933. It belongs to the tribe Hypsoprorini, a group within the subfamily Membracinae. Distribution records indicate presence in Arizona, USA. The genus Scalmophorus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of North America, though detailed biological information for this particular species remains limited in available sources.