Treehopper
Guides
Selenacentrus
Selenacentrus is a monotypic genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, described by Morris and Dietrich in 2016. The genus contains a single species, Selenacentrus wallacei, found in Texas and northern Mexico. The genus was named in honor of Selena Quintanilla-Pérez, the "Queen of Tejano Music." Selenacentrus lacks diagnostic features of currently recognized tribes within Centrotinae, including specific male genital capsule structures and femoral setae patterns, and does not fit into existing tribal classifications based on wing venation.
Selenacentrus wallacei
Selenacentrus wallacei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Morris and Dietrich in 2016. It represents the sole species of the monotypic genus Selenacentrus. The species was discovered among mislabeled specimens in multiple museum collections and is known from Texas and northern Mexico. Its taxonomic placement required the establishment of a new genus due to unique morphological characteristics that do not align with any recognized tribes within the subfamily Centrotinae.
Smilia
Smilia is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Smiliini. The genus was established by Germar in 1833 and contains at least two described species: Smilia camelus (camel treehopper) and Smilia fasciata. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, a defining feature of the family Membracidae. The genus has been documented in the United States, particularly in the northeastern region.
Smilia fasciata
Smilia fasciata is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described in 1843. It is distinguished from its congener Smilia camelus by a lower pronotum and a white stripe rather than a greenish-yellow stripe. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females reaching approximately 9 mm and males 7–8 mm. It is commonly associated with oak trees across the eastern United States.
Smiliini
Smiliini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, containing approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution and primarily feed on trees, with many species associated with oak (Quercus). The tribe was historically defined broadly to include Telamonini, but phylogenetic analysis has reinstated Telamonini as a separate tribe, narrowing the definition of Smiliini. Several genera within Smiliini, including Atymna, Cyrtolobus, Heliria, and Telamona, are not monophyletic.
Spissistilus
Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (for S. festinus)
Spissistilus is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) native to North and Central America and the West Indies. The genus was erected by John S. Caldwell in 1949, with Membracis festina (now Spissistilus festinus) as the type species. The genus contains eight recognized species, with S. festinus being the most economically significant due to its status as a major agricultural pest.
Spissistilus femoratus
Spissistilus femoratus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. The genus Spissistilus contains several species, with S. festinus (the three-cornered alfalfa hopper) being the most economically significant and well-studied member. Information specific to S. femoratus is extremely limited in available sources, which focus primarily on its congener S. festinus as an agricultural pest.
Spissistilus festinus
threecornered alfalfa hopper, three-cornered alfalfa hopper
Spissistilus festinus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the threecornered alfalfa hopper. It is a significant agricultural pest of leguminous crops, particularly alfalfa, soybeans, and peanuts, causing damage through stem girdling. The species has gained additional economic importance as the confirmed vector of Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), a pathogen threatening North American viticulture. Two distinct genetic lineages exist in the United States—Southeastern and Californian—with documented differences in viral transmission efficiency. The species exhibits a hemimetabolous life cycle with temperature-dependent development rates and uses substrate-borne vibrational signals in mating communication.
Spissistilus occidentalis
Spissistilus occidentalis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser. It belongs to the same genus as the well-studied three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), a significant agricultural pest known to transmit grapevine red blotch virus. Information specific to S. occidentalis is limited in the provided sources.
Spissistilus rotundatus
Spissistilus rotundatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, native to the southwestern United States. It is one of two North American species in the genus Spissistilus, alongside the economically significant S. festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper). Unlike its congener, S. rotundatus has a restricted geographic range and is not known to be a significant agricultural pest. The species exhibits the characteristic wedge-shaped body form typical of treehoppers in this genus.
Spissistilus uniformis
Spissistilus uniformis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. It belongs to a genus containing several economically significant agricultural pests, most notably the three-cornered alfalfa hopper (S. festinus). Unlike its congener S. festinus, which has been extensively studied as a vector of grapevine red blotch virus and a pest of soybean, alfalfa, and peanut, S. uniformis has received minimal scientific attention. The species has been documented in North Carolina and Texas based on collection records.
Stictocephala
buffalo treehoppers
Stictocephala is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, characterized by a prominent pronotum that extends over the body. The genus contains approximately 18 described species, most distributed in North America. Several species, notably S. bisonia, have become invasive pests in Europe and Asia, with documented spread to Russia, China, and India. These invasions have occurred primarily within the last 20-30 years, facilitated by climate change and global trade.
Stictocephala albescens
Stictocephala albescens is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Records indicate this species occurs in eastern and central North America. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body.
Stictocephala basalis
Stictocephala basalis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae that uses substrate-borne vibrational signals for mating communication. Males produce advertising calls and exhibit distinctive "call-fly" behavior, moving between host plants while calling until they locate responsive females. The species is strongly associated with grapevines and is suspected to be a vector for Grapevine Red Blotch Disease, making it a pest of concern in vineyard agriculture.
Stictocephala brevicornis
Buffalo Treehopper
A North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its distinctive buffalo-like humped pronotum. First described by Fitch in 1856, this species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species epithet 'brevicornis' refers to its relatively short antennae.
Stictocephala brevis
Stictocephala brevis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1851. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which extends over the thorax and often takes on distinctive shapes. The species has been recorded in several North American provinces and states including Alberta, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, and Kentucky. As a member of the Ceresini tribe, it belongs to a group of treehoppers that feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Stictocephala diceros
Two-horned Treehopper
Stictocephala diceros is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the two-horned treehopper. It is native to North America and is recognized by the pair of horns projecting from its pronotum. The species feeds primarily on American black elderberry and has been documented on various other flowering plants across multiple plant families.
Stictocephala diminuta
Stictocephala diminuta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal expansions. This species appears to have a limited documented distribution in the southeastern United States, with records from Florida and North Carolina. As with many membracids, detailed natural history information for this species remains sparse in the available literature.
Stictocephala lutea
Stictocephala lutea is a species of treehopper in the tribe Ceresini, commonly known as buffalo treehoppers. It is found across eastern and central North America, with records from Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, and the District of Columbia. Adults are active from February through September and feed on multiple genera of woody plants.
Stictocephala nervosa
Stictocephala nervosa is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Buckton in 1903. It belongs to the genus Stictocephala, a group known for their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The species has been recorded in New York State. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain poorly documented.
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
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borealis
Stictolobus borealis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Caldwell in 1949. The species is known from limited distributional records in Nebraska. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Detailed biological information for this species remains sparse in published literature.
Stictolobus minutus
Stictolobus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser in 1915. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The genus Stictolobus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the New World, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Stictopelta
Stictopelta is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Darninae. Members of this genus are found in the Americas, with documented species in the southern United States, Mexico, and South America. The genus was established by Stål in 1869 and is characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of membracid treehoppers. Species within this genus exhibit morphological variation that has led to taxonomic descriptions by multiple authors including Goding, Ball, and Fowler.
Stictopelta caerulea
Stictopelta caerulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Darninae, described by Ball in 1933. The genus Stictopelta is part of the tribe Darnini, a group of treehoppers primarily distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics. Like other members of its subfamily, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that defines the family Membracidae. The specific epithet 'caerulea' (Latin for blue or azure) suggests a coloration feature, though this has not been independently verified.
Stictopelta nova
Stictopelta nova is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Darninae, first described by Goding in 1892. Like other members of the genus Stictopelta, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum typical of treehoppers. The species has been documented from Mexico, with nine specimens identified from Oaxaca in a recent taxonomic study. Treehoppers in the subfamily Darninae are primarily Neotropical in distribution.
Telamona ampelopsidis
Virginia Creeper Treehopper
Telamona ampelopsidis, commonly known as the Virginia Creeper Treehopper, is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae. The species is named for its association with Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), its primary host plant. Like other members of the genus Telamona, it possesses an enlarged, often keeled pronotum that extends backward over the body. The species is one of approximately 38 recognized species in the genus Telamona.
Telamona ampelopsidis ampelopsidis
Telamona ampelopsidis ampelopsidis is a treehopper subspecies in the family Membracidae, characterized by the enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of the group. This subspecies belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The specific epithet references its association with Ampelopsis (peppervine) host plants. Like other treehoppers, it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. The subspecies is distributed across the eastern and central United States.
Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina
Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931, it is part of a genus known for pronounced pronotal modifications that produce varied and often elaborate body shapes. The subspecies epithet "tigrina" suggests a striped or tiger-like coloration pattern, though specific diagnostic features for this infraspecific taxon require direct examination of type material.
Telamona californica
Telamona californica is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Flynn in 2023. As a member of the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae, it belongs to a group known for pronounced pronotal modifications. The specific epithet 'californica' indicates a geographic association with California. Like other Telamona species, it possesses the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Telamona calva
Telamona calva is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1933. The genus Telamona belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum. Very few specific details about this particular species are documented in accessible literature.
Telamona concava
Telamona concava is a species of treehopper described by Asa Fitch in 1851. It is found in eastern North America during summer months. The species feeds specifically on white oak (Quercus alba) and black oak (Quercus velutina). Like other members of the family Membracidae, it possesses a highly modified, enlarged pronotum that extends over the body.
Telamona decorata
Telamona decorata is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of this family, it possesses a characteristically enlarged and modified pronotum that extends over the body. The species was described by Ball in 1903 and occurs in North America.
Telamona dorana
Telamona dorana is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. As a member of the genus Telamona, it shares the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of this group. The species is part of the diverse Nearctic fauna of Smiliinae, a subfamily known for varied pronotal ornamentation. Information specific to this species remains limited in published literature.
Telamona excelsa
Telamona excelsa is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. It exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration and pronotum structure: males are yellow-brown with a dark brown anterior pronotal crest, while females are green with a higher pronotal crest edged in black or brown. The species feeds on a broad range of woody host plants including hickories, walnuts, oaks, and other trees.
Telamona gibbera
Telamona gibbera is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1925. As a member of the genus Telamona, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and modified pronotum typical of this group. The species is known from the southwestern United States, with records from Arizona and New Mexico. Like other treehoppers, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with woody plants.
Telamona maculata
Telamona maculata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Edward Payson Van Duzee in 1908. It is characterized by a high, almost plateau-shaped pronotum with brown and beige patterning and a pale face contrasting with the darker body. The species occurs across eastern North America, feeding on sap from various oak and hickory species. It can be confused with the similar Telamona tristis.
Telamona monticola
Telamona monticola is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by an enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of the genus. The species is documented from oak trees, where both adults and nymphs feed. Nymphal development has been observed to complete in approximately eight weeks. The species belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae.
Telamona reclivata
Telamona reclivata is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Telamonini, characterized by pronotal modifications typical of the genus. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species belongs to a group known for their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronota that extend over the thorax. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The species has been documented across western and central North America.
Telamona stephani
Telamona stephani is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Wallace in 2018. It belongs to the genus Telamona, a group of North American treehoppers characterized by their enlarged pronotum that forms distinctive helmet-like or horn-like structures. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited. Treehoppers in this genus are generally associated with woody host plants and are known for their complex pronotal morphology.
Telamona subfalcata
Telamona subfalcata is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1912. As a member of the tribe Telamonini, it possesses the enlarged and modified pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, though less dramatically ornamented than some tropical relatives. The genus Telamona contains multiple species distributed primarily in eastern and central North America, with T. subfalcata representing one of the less commonly encountered members of this group.
Telamona tiliae
Basswood Treehopper
Telamona tiliae, the basswood treehopper, is a Nearctic treehopper species described by Elmer Darwin Ball in 1925. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the diverse family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and feeds on a broad range of woody host plants, with a particular association with Tilia species that gives it its common name.
Telamona tristis coryli
Telamona tristis coryli is a treehopper subspecies in the family Membracidae. It belongs to a genus known for pronounced pronotal modifications that extend over the body. As a member of the Telamonini tribe, it shares characteristics with other North American treehoppers that feed on woody plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Telamona tristis tristis
Telamona tristis tristis is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Asa Fitch in 1851. It belongs to a genus characterized by enlarged pronota that form distinctive helmet-like structures. As a member of the subfamily Smiliinae, it shares traits with other Telamona species that feed on woody host plants. The subspecies has been recorded across multiple eastern and midwestern U.S. states.
Telamona vestita carynotana
Telamona vestita carynotana is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the diverse genus Telamona, which is part of the Nearctic tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications that create distinctive silhouettes. This subspecies has been documented from California and Oregon.
Telamona vestita vestita
Telamona vestita vestita is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, native to western North America. As a member of the tribe Telamonini, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of the genus Telamona. The subspecies was described by Ball in 1925 and is known from California and Oregon. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations for this subspecies have not been documented in the available literature.
Telamona westcotti
Telamona westcotti is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of the genus Telamona, it possesses a pronounced pronotal extension. The species was described by Goding in 1893 and occurs in the central United States and southern Canada.
Telamonanthe pulchella
A small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. First described by Ball in 1903, it belongs to the Nearctic tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been documented across the southwestern United States.
Telamonanthe rileyi
Telamonanthe rileyi is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Telamonini. The species was described by Goding in 1892. It is part of a genus characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of treehoppers. Based on collection records, it occurs in Texas and potentially other parts of the southern and central United States. As with other members of Membracidae, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants for this species have not been documented in the available sources.
Telamonini
Telamonini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, comprising approximately 9 genera and at least 50 described species. The tribe was reinstated from synonymy with Smiliini based on morphological phylogenetic analysis. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution, with strong evolutionary associations with oak (Quercus) as host plants. Nymphs represent the predominant feeding stage and are critical for accurate host plant determination, as adult movements often produce unreliable records.