Univoltine
Guides
Anterastria teratophora
Gray Marvel Moth, grey marvel
Anterastria teratophora, commonly known as the Gray Marvel Moth, is a small noctuid moth with a wingspan of approximately 25 mm. The species is univoltine, with adults active from May through August. Larvae are known to feed on specific host plants in the Lamiaceae family.
Anthidium oblongatum
oblong woolcarder bee
Anthidium oblongatum is a solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the oblong woolcarder bee. Native to Eurasia and North Africa, it has been introduced to North America and South America, with a first record in central Chile documented in 2025. Females construct nests using plant fibers collected from leaves, earning the 'woolcarder' common name. The species shows strong floral specialization, primarily foraging on Fabaceae, Crassulaceae, and Resedaceae.
Anthocharis midea
Falcate Orangetip
A univoltine pierid butterfly native to eastern North America, characterized by the orange-tipped forewings of males and distinctive green marbled hindwing undersides. Adults emerge in early spring and live approximately one week. The species specializes on Brassicaceae host plants, with documented ecological trap dynamics involving the invasive plant Alliaria petiolata.
Anthocharis thoosa inghami
Ingham's Orangetip
Anthocharis thoosa inghami is a subspecies of orangetip butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is one of several recognized subspecies of Anthocharis thoosa, a species complex distributed across western North America. Like other orangetips, adults are active in early spring and are associated with specific larval host plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The subspecies epithet 'inghami' honors a collector or researcher, following standard entomological naming conventions.
Anthophora terminalis
Orange-tipped Wood-digger
Anthophora terminalis is a solitary anthophorine bee in the family Apidae, known for its distinctive nesting behavior in wood and other substrates. The species constructs cells using chewed sawdust or wood fibers, lining them with salivary secretions. It has been documented across North America and parts of Europe and Northern Asia, with specific studies in Wisconsin revealing details of its univoltine life cycle and nest architecture. Adults have been observed foraging on several plant species including Stachys palustris, Nepeta cataria, and Epilobium angustifolium.
Anthopotamus
hacklegilled burrower mayflies
Anthopotamus is a genus of hacklegilled burrower mayflies in the family Potamanthidae, established by McCafferty & Bae in 1990. The genus contains at least four described species distributed in North America. Larvae are specialized burrowers in riverine substrates, notable for their fossorial lifestyle in the hyporheic zone using tusk-like structures for excavation. Adults are short-lived and primarily reproductive.
Antistrophus silphii
Apical Rosinweed Gall Wasp
Antistrophus silphii is a gall-forming cynipid wasp native to North American prairies. The species induces stem galls on rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium), a tall prairie forb. Galls are large, solid, and succulent when young, becoming harder with age. The wasp has a single generation per year, with adults emerging in early summer.
Anurida
Anurida is a genus of springtails (Collembola) in the family Neanuridae, established in 1865 by Laboulbène. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution with species occupying diverse habitats including intertidal marine zones, river floodplains, riparian areas, and forest ecosystems. Well-studied species include the intertidal specialist Anurida maritima, which exhibits complex tidal-entrained behaviors, and the terrestrial A. granaria, which has documented mycophagous associations. The genus shows notable morphological diversity in chaetotaxy and eye reduction, with some species groups exhibiting cryptic genetic divergence despite morphological similarity.
Collembolaspringtailsintertidaltidal-behaviorcryptic-speciesendosymbiontsWolbachiaSpiroplasmadiapauseunivoltinemycophagychaetotaxyNeanuridaecosmopolitan-distributioncircatidal-rhythmegg-diapausesalt-marshriver-floodplainriparian-zoneforest-habitatBeringian-faunagenetic-divergence-without-morphological-changetidal-entrainmentaggregation-behaviorsexual-dimorphism-in-foragingstarvation-mortalityholometabolous-like-developmentsetal-reductionocelli-reductionhammerae-groupAnurida-maritima-species-groupLaboulbène-1865PoduromorphaNeanurinaePseudachorutinaeterrestrialmarine-intertidalfreshwater-ripariannutrient-cyclingorganic-matter-decompositionfungal-dispersalapothecia-feedingclay-wall-nestsair-filled-cavitiestidal-refugeweather-dependent-activitytemperature-dependent-diapause-terminationmitochondrial-genome-divergenceancient-circatidal-behaviorcytoplasmic-incompatibilitymale-killingType-V-cif-genesgenome-wide-differentiationPool-seq-phylogenomicsHolarctic-distributiontemperate-zone-adaptationoverwintering-eggsautumn-mortalityphysiological-stressforaging-efficiencylow-temperature-limitationtidal-inundation-responsebehavioral-synchronizationnest-constructionsexual-reproductioncolonial-aggregationfungal-associationPeziza-arvernensisriverinagranariaoctoculatahirsutaelegansreductanarlibisetosaVladivostok-Botanical-GardenPrimorsky-KraiPolandSouthern-BrazilNorth-western-EuropeUnited-KingdomThe-NetherlandsAndeanArcticSub-arcticCapeCaribbeanCentral-Australiaconiferous-broadleaved-forestprotected-forestvertical-clay-wallscreek-wallssalt-marsh-foragingmarsh-wanderingnest-marsh-exchangemolting-refugeegg-deposition-sitessexually-mature-aggregationhibernating-eggsspring-hatchingsummer-egg-layingautumn-diapause-terminationwinter-development-suppressionadult-deathstarvation-riskglycogen-depletionlipid-depletionbody-size-declinesluggishness-at-low-temperaturelimited-low-water-periodtemperate-survival-strategycosmopolitan-species-with-local-adaptationgenetic-crosses-neededsex-ratio-studies-neededendosymbiont-effects-unknownreproductive-manipulation-potentialselfish-genetic-elementsmaternal-inheritancephylogenomic-analysissingle-copy-orthologous-genesnuclear-genome-divergencemitochondrial-lineage-associationspecies-group-conceptmorphological-stasisevolutionary-divergencesystematic-revision-neededtribe-validityNeanurinae-subdivisionPseudachorutinae-placementhigher-rank-taxonomy-matchGBIF-recordsiNaturalist-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptanceNCBI-taxonomyEntognathaHexapodaEukaryotaMetazoaAnimaliaArthropodaspringtail-biodiversitysoil-mesofaunaintertidal-invertebratemarine-terrestrial-transition-zoneestuarine-ecologytidal-flat-ecologyfloodplain-ecologyriparian-ecologyforest-floor-ecologymycophagous-collembolanfungal-feeding-springtailnutrient-cyclerdecomposerdetritivoreorganic-matter-processorecosystem-engineer-(nest-construction)microhabitat-specialisthabitat-partitionsexual-dimorphismbehavioral-plasticityenvironmental-cue-responsephototaxis-modificationthermotaxis-responsehydrotaxis-responseaggregation-pheromone-(inferred)social-behavior-(colonial)reproductive-behaviorcourtshipoviposition-site-selectionegg-guarding-(absent)diapause-evolutionlife-history-strategyunivoltinismsemelparity-(effective)annual-life-cycleseasonal-polyphenism-(absent)developmental-arrestcold-requirement-for-developmenttemperature-threshold5°C-diapause-terminationspring-warming-triggerphenologypopulation-dynamicsdemographymortality-factorstarvationenvironmental-stressclimate-sensitivityhabitat-specificityendemism-(some-species)cryptic-biodiversitymolecular-taxonomyintegrative-taxonomyphylogeographypopulation-geneticsgenomic-resourcesWolbachia-genomeSpiroplasma-genomebacterial-endosymbiosishost-microbe-interactionreproductive-parasitismmutualism-(unknown)commensalism-(unknown)symbiont-phylogenyhorizontal-gene-transfer-(absent-in-data)prophage-genescif-gene-evolutionType-V-clademale-killing-gene-absenceCI-gene-presencewmk-gene-presenceSpAID-absencebacterial-genome-reduction-(inferred)host-adaptationcoevolutionsymbiont-sharing-between-host-lineagesgenetic-divergence-with-symbiont-sharingspeciation-mechanismreproductive-isolationcytoplasmic-incompatibility-as-speciation-driver-(unlikely-given-identical-cif-sequences)alternative-speciation-mechanismsecological-speciationbehavioral-isolationhabitat-isolationtemporal-isolationgeographic-isolationallopatric-divergenceparapatric-divergencesympatric-divergence-(possible)cryptic-species-identification-challengemorphological-taxonomy-limitationsmolecular-systematics-necessityDNA-barcodinggenome-skimmingPool-seqphylogenomic-inferencespecies-delimitationintegrative-species-conceptoperational-taxonomic-unitevolutionary-significant-unitconservation-unitbiodiversity-assessmentfaunisticsbiogeographydispersal-abilitypassive-dispersalactive-dispersalhabitat-fidelitysite-fidelitynest-fidelityphilopatry-(inferred)population-structuregene-flowgenetic-differentiationisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-accommodationevolutionary-developmental-biologyevo-devosetal-developmentsensory-organ-developmenteye-reduction-evolutioncave-adaptation-(absent)soil-adaptationintertidal-adaptationdesiccation-resistance-(inferred)salinity-tolerancehypoxia-tolerance-(inferred)nest-air-pocket-maintenancerespiratory-adaptationcuticular-waterproofing-(inferred)osmoregulationion-regulationexcretory-systemMalpighian-tubules-(standard)labial-glandsdigestive-systemmidguthindgutfeeding-apparatusmaxillamandiblelabrumepipharynxhypopharynxmouthparts-entognathoushead-capsuleantennaesegment-numbersegment-fusionthoraxabdomenfurca-(absent-in-some-Neanuridae)tenaculumcollophoreventral-tubereticulate-patternpigmentationcolorationsize-variationbody-shapecylindrical-bodysetal-arrangementmacrosetaemicrosetaesensory-setaemechanoreceptorschemoreceptorshygroreceptorsthermoreceptorsphotoreceptorsocelli-structureeye-number-reductioneye-complete-loss-(some-species)pigment-losscuticular-granulationcuticular-tuberclescuticular-scalesbody-sclerotizationintersegmental-membranesappendage-structureleg-segmentationclaw-structureunguiculustenent-hairempodial-appendagetibiotarsusfemurtrochantercoxasubcoxaabdominal-segmentationtergite-structuresternite-structurepleurite-structuretergal-chaetotaxysternal-chaetotaxypleural-chaetotaxyaxial-setaeparaxial-setaemarginal-setaep-row-setaea-row-setaem-row-setaesetal-formulasetal-nomenclatureFjellberg-systemGisin-systemtaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actstype-speciestype-localitytype-specimenoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionsfaunal-revisionscatalogueschecklistsdatabasesGBIFiNaturalistNCBIBOLDCOLITISEncyclopedia-of-LifeWikipediaprimary-literaturetaxonomic-literatureecological-literaturephysiological-literaturegenomic-literaturesymbiont-literaturebehavioral-literatureentomologyacarologysoil-zoologymarine-biologyintertidal-ecologyestuarine-sciencelimnologyfreshwater-biologyterrestrial-ecologyforest-ecologyfungal-ecologymicrobial-ecologysymbiosis-researchevolutionary-biologypopulation-biologyconservation-biologybiodiversity-sciencesystematicsphylogeneticspaleontology-(absent)fossil-record-(absent)amber-inclusion-(possible-but-unreported)subfossil-(absent)quaternary-record-(absent)historical-ecologyanthropogenic-impactpollution-sensitivitybioindicator-potentialconservation-status-(unevaluated)IUCN-Red-List-(absent)habitat-protection-needsprotected-area-occurrenceinvasive-potential-(low)agricultural-pest-(absent)household-pest-(absent)economic-importance-(minimal)scientific-importance-(high)model-organism-potentialteaching-organismresearch-subjectbiodiversity-componentecosystem-service-providercultural-significance-(absent)traditional-knowledge-(absent)indigenous-knowledge-(absent)vernacular-names-(absent)etymologyAnurida-(etymology-unknown,-possibly-Greek-'an-'-without-+-'oura'-tail,-referring-to-reduced-furca)Laboulbène1865historical-taxonomyclassical-taxonomymodern-taxonomyfuture-research-needstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysispopulation-genomic-studyfunctional-genomic-studydevelopmental-studyphysiological-studybehavioral-studyecological-studysymbiont-studyconservation-studyApamea cogitata
Thoughtful Apamea
Apamea cogitata is a noctuid moth native to North America. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Apamea dubitans but is now recognized as a distinct species. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 40 mm and are active from June to September. The species has one generation per year.
Apamea impulsa
Impulsive Apamea
Apamea impulsa, commonly known as the Impulsive Apamea, is a noctuid moth native to North America with a transcontinental distribution across southern Canada and the northern United States. The species has a wingspan of approximately 34 mm and exhibits univoltine life history with adults active during summer months. Larvae are grass-feeders, placing this species within the cutworm moth group whose members can be challenging to identify due to intraspecific variation and interspecific similarity.
Apamea verbascoides
boreal apamea, mullein apamea
Apamea verbascoides, commonly known as the boreal apamea or mullein apamea, is a noctuid moth native to North America. First described by Achille Guenée in 1852, this species ranges from Saskatchewan to Newfoundland and Labrador, extending south to North Carolina. Adults are active from June to September with a single annual generation.
Aphelia alleniana
wide-striped leafroller, Allen's tortrix moth
Aphelia alleniana is a tortricid moth native to northern North America, ranging from Alaska across Canada to parts of the western and northeastern United States. Adults are active in late June to mid-July, with larvae feeding on herbaceous and woody plants while constructing characteristic leaf-roll shelters. The species overwinters as a third-instar larva and completes a single generation per year.
Archips argyrospila
Fruit-tree Leafroller Moth, Fruittree Leafroller
Archips argyrospila, the fruit-tree leafroller moth, is a tortricid moth native to North America. Adults are active from mid-May to July with a single generation per year. The larvae are polyphagous leaf-rollers that construct silk-bound shelters within rolled or folded leaves. The species is a documented pest of commercial apple and pear orchards, with larvae feeding on foliage of numerous woody plants. Viral pathogens including nucleopolyhedrovirus and granulovirus have been observed infecting field populations at rates up to 25% during outbreak conditions.
Archips cerasivorana
ugly-nest caterpillar moth
Archips cerasivorana, commonly known as the ugly-nest caterpillar moth, is a tortricid moth species distributed across North America from Alaska to North Carolina. The species is notable for its highly social larval behavior: caterpillars construct large communal silk nests by tying host plant leaves together, and they communicate through trail-following pheromones released from their spinnerets. Adults display distinctive orange forewings with silvery bars and a wingspan of 20–25 mm. The species has one generation per year, with adults active from July to September.
Archips semiferanus
Oak Leafroller Moth, Oak Leaf Roller, Oak Leafroller
Archips semiferanus is a tortricid moth whose larvae are major defoliators of oak trees in eastern North America. The species produces one generation annually, with eggs laid in July, overwintering, and hatching the following spring. Larvae roll oak leaves with silk to form shelters, feeding inside until pupation in June. Outbreaks can cause extensive tree mortality, with over one million acres defoliated in Pennsylvania during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The female sex pheromone has been studied extensively and contains (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate as a primary component.
Archips xylosteana
variegated golden tortrix, brown oak tortrix
Archips xylosteana is a medium-sized tortricid moth native to the Palearctic region, with a wingspan of 14–23 mm. The species exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism in size, with females typically larger than males. Forewings are broad and roughly rectangular, displaying variable coloration from yellow-brown to pinkish brown with dark reddish-brown markings. This univoltine species is a polyphagous leafroller, with larvae feeding on numerous deciduous trees and shrubs.
Arctia parthenos
St. Lawrence tiger moth
Arctia parthenos, commonly known as the St. Lawrence tiger moth, is a medium-sized moth in the family Erebidae. It was first described by Thaddeus William Harris in 1850. The species inhabits boreal North America across a broad latitudinal range from Alaska to Labrador, with southern extensions into the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. Adults are active from late May to early August with one generation per year. The larvae feed on woody plants including willow, alder, and birch.
Arctia virginalis
Ranchman's Tiger Moth, woolly bear caterpillar (larval form)
Arctia virginalis is a tiger moth species in the family Erebidae, found in western North America. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1852 and was formerly placed in the genus Platyprepia before being transferred to Arctia. Adults are brightly colored with black forewings bearing light yellow spots and orange hindwings with black bands. The larvae, known as woolly bears, are densely hairy caterpillars with distinctive orange-black-orange coloration. A 40-year population study at Bodega Bay, California, found that precipitation is the primary driver of abundance, with wet winters and wet sites supporting higher densities.
Arctopsyche grandis
netspinning caddisfly
Arctopsyche grandis is a species of netspinning caddisfly in the family Hydropsychidae, found in North America. Larvae construct silk nets to capture food in flowing water and complete their development in approximately one year. The species has been studied in Central Idaho streams where it reaches high population densities on rocky substrates.
Argynnini
Fritillaries
Argynnini is a tribe of brush-footed butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, commonly known as fritillaries. The group comprises roughly 100 species worldwide, with approximately 30 species in North America. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have substantially revised generic boundaries within the tribe, with several formerly recognized genera now synonymized under Argynnis and Boloria, while others such as Speyeria and Fabriciana have been reinstated as distinct. Members of this tribe are characterized by their often bright orange and black patterned wings and their ecological associations with specific larval host plants, primarily violets (Viola) and related species.
Argyresthia canadensis
Canadian arborvitae leafminer, cedar leafminer
Argyresthia canadensis is a small moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the Canadian arborvitae leafminer or cedar leafminer. The species is found in North America and has a single generation per year. Larvae are specialized leafminers of Thuja occidentalis (northern white-cedar), feeding between the layers of needle tissue.
Argyresthia goedartella
bronze alder moth
Argyresthia goedartella, commonly known as the bronze alder moth, is a small moth species in the family Argyresthiidae. It is widely distributed across Europe and North America. The species is recognized by its distinctive coppery-golden Y-shaped wing marking and its association with birch and alder host plants. Adults are active from spring through autumn and have been observed feeding on nectar.
Argyresthia thuiella
arborvitae leafminer, thuja mining moth, American thuja shoot moth
Argyresthia thuiella is a micro-moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the arborvitae leafminer. Native to North America, it has been introduced to Europe multiple times since 1971. The species develops one generation annually, with larvae mining the foliage and twigs of Thuja and Chamaecyparis species. Adults are active from May to July and have a wingspan of approximately 8 mm.
Argyrotaenia dorsalana
Argyrotaenia dorsalana is a small tortricid moth of western North America, with a wingspan of 18–24 mm. The species is associated with coniferous forests, where its larvae feed primarily on Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western larch. Adults emerge in late June following a brief larval period in spring and overwintering in the egg stage.
Aroga
Aroga is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae, first described by Busck in 1914. The genus contains multiple species distributed across North America and parts of Eurasia. At least one species, Aroga argutiola, has been documented as a leaf-tier on sweet fern in Michigan, with a univoltine life cycle. Most species are poorly studied beyond basic taxonomic descriptions.
Athericidae
water snipe flies, ibis flies
Athericidae is a small family of flies in the infraorder Tabanomorpha, historically classified within Rhagionidae until separated by Stuckenberg in 1973. The family contains approximately 123 described species distributed worldwide across two subfamilies: Dasyommatinae (monotypic) and Athericinae. Adults are commonly known as water snipe flies or ibis flies. Larvae are strictly aquatic predators in fast-flowing montane streams and torrents, while adults are primarily nectar-feeders with some species exhibiting hematophagy.
Atherix lantha
watersnipe fly
Atherix lantha is a species of watersnipe fly in the family Athericidae. The larvae are aquatic, piercing-sucking predators that feed on other aquatic invertebrates. The species has a univoltine life cycle with overwintering fifth-instar larvae. Mass egg-laying behavior results in large aggregations of dead females attached to egg masses.
Athrips mouffetella
Ten-spotted Honeysuckle Moth, Dotted Grey Groundling
Athrips mouffetella is a small gelechiid moth known by two common names reflecting its appearance and host association. Adults fly from June to early September and are readily attracted to light. The species has a broad Palearctic distribution and has been introduced to North America. Its larvae feed exclusively on honeysuckle and snowberry, spinning silken webs on terminal leaves.
Athrycia
Athrycia is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Voriini. The genus contains at least five described species, with Athrycia cinerea being the most thoroughly studied. Species in this genus are larval parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with documented host associations primarily involving noctuid moths. The genus has been recorded from the Palearctic region (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and Nearctic region (Canada).
Aulagromyza
Aulagromyza is a genus of leaf-miner flies in the family Agromyzidae, comprising approximately 50 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Species in this genus are primarily phytophagous, with larvae that feed internally within leaf parenchyma, creating distinctive blotch or serpentine mines. Several species are monophagous or oligophagous, showing strong host associations with particular plant genera including Fraxinus (ash), Lonicera (honeysuckle), and Populus (poplar). The genus is of ecological interest due to its role in leaf herbivory and its interactions with parasitoid wasps.
Aulagromyza cornigera
Aulagromyza cornigera is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. Its larvae create distinctive linear mines on leaves of honeysuckle family plants, particularly Lonicera and Symphoricarpos. The species is univoltine, with larval activity occurring from late March through early June. It has a transatlantic distribution, occurring across Europe and in North America.
Auridius safra
Auridius safra is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described from the western United States in 1999. The species is characterized by yellow coloration and pronounced sexual dimorphism in both color and wing form. It inhabits shortgrass prairie ecosystems and exhibits wing polymorphism with both fully-winged (macropterous) and short-winged (brachypterous) individuals.
Autographa ampla
Large Looper Moth, Raspberry Looper, Brown-patched Looper, Broken-banded Y
Autographa ampla, known as the large looper moth or broken-banded Y, is a Noctuidae moth species first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It has a wingspan of 38–42 mm and is found across much of North America, from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to California, Arizona, New Mexico, and North Carolina. Adults are active from June to August with one generation per year.
Autographa bimaculata
Two-spotted Looper Moth, Twin Gold Spot, Double-spotted Spangle
A medium-sized noctuid moth native to North America, recognized by its distinctive looping flight pattern and characteristic wing markings. Adults are active during summer months with a single annual generation. The species was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1830 and has been documented across a broad transcontinental range.
Autographa flagellum
Silver Whip Moth, Silver Whip
Autographa flagellum, commonly known as the Silver Whip, is a noctuid moth species first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It occurs across southern Canada and the northern United States, with a single annual generation. Adults are active during summer months, and larvae feed on specific host plants in the Asteraceae family.
Autographa mappa
Wavy Chestnut Y Moth, Wavy Chestnut Y
Autographa mappa, commonly known as the Wavy Chestnut Y Moth, is a North American noctuid moth first described by Grote and Robinson in 1868. Adults have a wingspan of 35–40 mm and are active from June to August, with one generation per year. The species inhabits wooded regions across Canada and the northern United States.
Autographa pseudogamma
Delicate Silver Y
A medium-sized North American noctuid moth in the Plusiinae subfamily, characterized by its distinctive wing pattern. Adults are active in mid-summer with a single generation per year. The species occupies a broad geographic range across northern and western North America.
Autographa v-alba
White Y Mark, White Y Mark Moth
Autographa v-alba is a North American noctuid moth first described by Rodrigues Ottolengui in 1902. It belongs to the subfamily Plusiinae, commonly known as loopers or semiloopers. The species is restricted to montane and foothill regions of western North America, with adults active in mid-summer. It is distinguished by a characteristic white Y-shaped mark on the forewing, referenced in both its scientific and common names.
Automeris cecrops pamina
Automeris cecrops pamina is a subspecies of giant silk moth in the family Saturniidae, occurring in southwestern North America and Middle America. As a member of the Automeris genus, adults possess distinctive eyespots on the hindwings used for predator defense. The caterpillars bear urticating spines capable of delivering a painful sting. This subspecies represents the western portion of the broader Automeris cecrops species complex.
Baetisca
armored mayflies
Baetisca is a genus of armored mayflies comprising approximately 12 described species in the family Baetiscidae. Nymphs are distinguished by their construction of protective cases from sand grains and silk. The genus is found in small, cool streams across eastern and central North America, with some species extending into western Canada. Most studied species exhibit univoltine life cycles with winter nymphal growth and spring or early summer adult emergence.
Batrachedra pinicolella
Pine Cosmet
A small conifer-feeding moth in the family Batrachedridae. Formerly cryptic within a species complex, integrative taxonomic studies using DNA barcoding, nuclear markers, and ddRAD sequencing distinguished it from the newly described B. confusella. It has a boreo-montane distribution pattern and is associated primarily with Norway spruce.
Bembidion lampros
A small ground beetle native to Europe, now established in North America. Adults overwinter and reproduce in early spring in arable fields, where they function as generalist predators of cereal aphids. The species exhibits wing dimorphism with three phenotypes, though macropterous individuals rarely possess functional flight muscles. Low lifetime fecundity (approximately 10 eggs per female) and high juvenile mortality (66%) make population dynamics sensitive to conditions during larval development.
Blepharidopterus angulatus
black-kneed capsid
Blepharidopterus angulatus is a predatory mirid bug native to the Palearctic region, with established populations in North America. It serves as a generalist predator of mites, aphids, and other soft-bodied arthropods on deciduous trees and shrubs. The species has been studied extensively for its potential as a biological control agent in orchards and its complex ecological relationships with parasitoids.
Boloria
Lesser Fritillaries
Boloria is a genus of brush-footed butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the lesser fritillaries. The genus includes approximately 50 species distributed across the Holarctic region, with greatest diversity in boreal and montane habitats. The related genus Clossiana is now generally treated as part of Boloria, though it may warrant subgeneric recognition. Species in this genus are typically associated with wetlands, peat bogs, damp meadows, and forest clearings, and many have highly specific larval host plant requirements.
Boloria alberta
Alberta fritillary
Boloria alberta is a small alpine fritillary butterfly endemic to the North American Rocky Mountains. Adults fly from July to early August in high-elevation habitats. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration, with males appearing dull orange and females pale orange to gray-brown. Larvae are specialized feeders on mountain avens (Dryas octopetala).
Boloria eunomia
Bog Fritillary, Ocellate Bog Fritillary
Boloria eunomia is a circumboreal fritillary butterfly distributed across the Holarctic in tundra, forest-tundra, and open acid bog habitats. Adults are orange-brown with distinctive round silver spots on the hindwing underside, a key diagnostic feature. The species exhibits ecotypic variation: meadow populations feed primarily on Polygonum bistorta, while bog populations utilize Ericaceae including Vaccinium species. It is univoltine with adults flying from late May through July depending on latitude. The species is considered vulnerable in parts of its range due to habitat loss from drainage, recreational development, and climate change.
Boreidae
snow scorpionflies, snow fleas
Boreidae, commonly known as snow scorpionflies or snow fleas, are a small family of approximately 30 species of scorpionflies in the order Mecoptera. These tiny, wingless insects are notable for their unusual winter activity period, emerging on snow surfaces during cold months when most other insects are dormant. Recent molecular research indicates Boreidae are more closely related to fleas (Siphonaptera) than to other scorpionflies, a finding that has significant implications for understanding the evolutionary relationships within Mecoptera. The family has a boreal and high-altitude distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, with species documented across North America, Europe, and Asia.
Boyeria vinosa
fawn darner
Boyeria vinosa, the fawn darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It inhabits rivers and streams in eastern North America, from southeastern Canada through the eastern United States. Adults are crepuscular, being most active at dusk. The species has a univoltine life cycle with egg diapause and approximately 10 months of larval development.
Brochymena carolinensis
Carolina rough stink bug
Brochymena carolinensis is a native North American stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, belonging to the genus Brochymena, commonly known as rough stink bugs. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits cryptic coloration resembling lichen-mottled bark, providing effective camouflage against tree trunks. The species is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
Bruchus
seed beetles, bean beetles, bean weevils
Bruchus is a genus of seed beetles in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae, comprising approximately 36 species. The genus is characterized by distinctive male genitalia morphology, including a large, sclerotized, boomerang-shaped ventral plate used in species identification. Members are specialized herbivores feeding almost exclusively on legumes in the tribe Fabeae (Vicieae), including peas, lentils, and vetches. Several species are significant agricultural pests, notably B. lentis on lentils, B. pisorum on peas, and B. rufimanus on fava beans. The genus is primarily Palearctic in distribution, with some species introduced to North America, Africa, and Australia.