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Cecidomyiidae

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Dentifibula viburni
Dentifibula viburni is a gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) originally described by Felt in 1907 as Contarinia viburni. The species is associated with Viburnum host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to the subfamily Cecidomyiinae, a group known for inducing plant galls. Very little published information exists regarding the biology, distribution, or economic significance of this particular species beyond its taxonomic description and nomenclatural history.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Viburnum Diptera phytophagous gall-forming ornamental-pest-potential North-America poorly-known-species taxonomy
Dicrodiplosis
Dicrodiplosis is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, established by Kieffer in 1895. The genus contains approximately 15 described species. As gall midges, members of this genus are likely associated with inducing galls on host plants, though specific biological details for most species remain poorly documented.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiinae Kieffer-1895 data-deficient
Dicrodiplosis californica
mealybug-destroying predaceous gall midge
Dicrodiplosis californica is a species of predaceous gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Felt in 1912. The common name 'mealybug-destroying predaceous gall midge' indicates its role as a biological control agent targeting mealybugs. As a member of the genus Dicrodiplosis, it belongs to a group of predatory gall midges rather than the gall-forming majority in this family.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge predator biological-control mealybug-predator California-fauna Diptera 1912-description
Diglyphosematini
Diglyphosematini is a tribe of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) within the subfamily Cecidomyiinae. The tribe is characterized by specific morphological features of the antennae and genitalia, distinguishing it from related tribes in the same subfamily. Members are associated with plant galls, though specific host relationships remain poorly documented for many taxa. The tribe was established based on phylogenetic and morphological studies of the family Cecidomyiidae.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae plant-gall Diptera
Entedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
parasitoid biological-control gall-associated leafminer-parasitoid Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera Eulophidae Entedoninae tropical-forest agricultural-pest-control sawfly-parasitoid thrips-parasitoid ant-associated rice-pest Cecidomyiidae Tenthredinidae Pontania Closterocerus Ceranisus Afronympha Ametallon Chrysonotomyia Omphale-genus-group canopy understorey ecological-plasticity Bangladesh Panama Africa New-Zealand Europe Senegal South-Africa Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo Uganda endoparasitoid larval-parasitoid egg-parasitoid host-specificity forest-habitat degraded-habitat mid-altitude-rainforest lowland-rainforest tropical-America classical-biological-control augmentative-biological-control integrated-pest-management rice-hispa Dicladispa-armigera gall-wasp sawfly-gall leafminer ant-symbiosis Formicidae Khaya-senegalensis Ochna-pulchra morphological-taxonomy molecular-taxonomy 28S-rDNA COI CytB new-species-description generic-revision host-range parasitoid-complex food-web ecosystem-service natural-enemy pest-management entomophagous hyperparasitoid inquiline curculionid Apion-minimum Phyllocolpa-leucosticta Chrysocharis Entedon Asecodes Pleurotroppopsis Afrotroppopsis Zaommomentedon Apleurotropis Kratoysma Platocharis Schizocharis Parahorismenus Atullya Tropicharis Chrysochuris cruy mirabilis oryzamyntor eminpashai carinatum dussiae longicaudata machaeriae unimaculata claviger gorgonaense auripunctata galbina laeviscuta phenacapsia cecvora elongata pontaniae heyeri risbeci milletiae newbyi Förster-1856 Chalcidoidea-phylogeny biodiversity species-richness cryptic-species molecular-diagnostics host-plant-association habitat-specificity canopy-fauna understorey-fauna forest-stratification tropical-biodiversity Afrotropical Neotropical Palaearctic Nearctic Oriental Australasian Pacific Holarctic biogeography taxonomic-revision annotated-key catalogue type-specimen museum-collection slide-mounted-specimens morphometrics genitalia wing-venation antennae clypeus mandibles malar-space scape pedicel flagellum gaster vertex suture color-pattern pale-femora dark-gaster sexual-dimorphism male female ovipositor emergence rearing quarantine field-collection foreign-exploration augmentative-release pesticide-resistance sustainable-agriculture food-security rice-production cereal-pest vegetable-pest fruit-pest ornamental-pest forest-pest urban-pest invasive-species native-range introduced-range establishment spread impact non-target-effects host-specificity risk-assessment environmental-safety regulatory-approval research-symposium proceedings peer-reviewed Zootaxa ZooKeys Insect-Systematics-&-Evolution Australian-Journal-of-Entomology Far-Eastern-Entomologist Russian-Entomological-Journal Belgian-Journal-of-Entomology Florida-Entomologist Pan-Pacific-Entomologist Entomological-News Proceedings-of-the-Hawaiian-Entomological-Society Transactions-of-the-American-Entomological-Society Journal-of-Natural-History Zoological-Journal-of-the-Linnean-Society BioControl Journal-of-Economic-Entomology Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata Environmental-Entomology Oecologia Cladistics Molecular-Phylogenetics-and-Evolution Heredity Canadian-Entomologist Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Bulletin-of-Entomological-Research Neotropical-Entomology Journal-of-Asia-Pacific-Entomology Turkish-Journal-of-Zoology Polish-Journal-of-Entomology North-Western-Journal-of-Zoology Entomologica-Americana Entomologische-Berichten Sahlbergia Dugesiana Acta-Zoologica-Lilloana Folia-Entomologica-Mexicana Revista-de-la-Sociedad-Entomologica-Argentina Boletin-de-la-Asociacion-Espanola-de-Entomologia Entomologicheskoe-Obozrenie Entomological-Review Zoological-Institute-RAS Proceedings-of-the-Zoological-Institute-of-the-Russian-Academy-of-Sciences Taiwan-Agricultural-Research-Institute Council-of-Agriculture University-of-California Riverside 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sustainable-intensification agroecology conservation-biological-control habitat-management floral-resources refuge buffer-zone landscape-complexity connectivity spillover natural-enemy-diversity food-web-structure trophic-interactions multitrophic indirect-effects trait-mediated density-dependent inverse-density-dependent functional-response numerical-response searching-efficiency handling-time oviposition-behavior host-selection host-acceptance host-suitability host-quality host-stage-preference egg-load progeny-allocation sex-ratio local-mate-competition sib-mating inbreeding fitness longevity fecundity development-time thermal-requirements degree-days phenology synchrony asynchrony seasonal-adaptation diapause quiescence cold-hardiness heat-tolerance desiccation-resistance starvation-resistance dispersal flight walking foraging patch-use area-restricted-search oviposition-marking host-marking superparasitism multiparasitism intraguild-predation hyperparasitism autoparasitism heteronomous-hyperparasitism facultative-hyperparasitism obligate-hyperparasitism primary-parasitoid secondary-parasitoid tertiary-parasitoid mummy aphid-mummy scale-mummy pupal-parasitoid egg-larval-parasitoid larval-pupal-parasitoid idiobiont koinobiont ectoparasitoid solitary gregarious polyembryony thelytoky arrhenotoky diploid haplodiploid chromosome-number genome-size transcriptome proteome metabolome morphome phenome extended-phenotype niche-construction ecosystem-engineering keystone-species ecosystem-service-provider functional-group guild trophic-level energy-flow nutrient-cycling decomposition predation herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism competition apparent-competition exploitative-competition interference-competition scramble-competition contest-competition resource-partitioning niche-differentiation character-displacement co-evolution arms-race Red-Queen geographic-mosaic local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity genetic-adaptation epigenetics transgenerational-effects maternal-effects paternal-effects parental-care mating-system sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice mate-choice lek territory aggression alarm defense venom allomone kairomone synomone semiochemical pheromone trail-pheromone alarm-pheromone aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone marking-pheromone oviposition-deterrent host-marking-pheromone plant-volatile induced-plant-defense systemic-acquired-resistance induced-systemic-resistance priming volatile-organic-compound green-leaf-volatile terpenoid phenylpropanoid jasmonic-acid salicylic-acid ethylene abscisic-acid gibberellin auxin cytokinin brassinosteroid strigolactone nitric-oxide reactive-oxygen-species hypersensitive-response programmed-cell-death autophagy apoptosis necrosis pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern damage-associated-molecular-pattern pattern-recognition-receptor effector-triggered-immunity gene-for-gene avirulence virulence effector toxin phytotoxin mycotoxin bacterial-toxin viral-toxin insecticidal-protein cry-protein vip-protein cyt-protein spore conidium appressorium haustorium mycelium sclerotium fruiting-body basidiocarp ascocarp perithecium cleistothecium pycnidium acervulus sporodochium symptom sign disease-triangle disease-cycle epidemic endemic pandemic outbreak eradication containment management control prevention forecasting warning-system decision-support-system expert-system model simulation economic-threshold economic-injury-level action-threshold treatment-threshold damage-threshold aesthetic-injury-level cultural-control physical-control mechanical-control chemical-control genetic-control sterile-insect-technique incompatible-insect-technique precision-agriculture site-specific-management variable-rate-application remote-sensing geographic-information-system global-positioning-system unmanned-aerial-vehicle drone sensor imaging spectroscopy machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-analysis pattern-recognition classification segmentation detection tracking counting sampling sampling-plan sequential-sampling binomial-sampling presence-absence-sampling fixed-precision-sampling variable-precision-sampling spatial-sampling temporal-sampling stratified-sampling cluster-sampling systematic-sampling random-sampling convenience-sampling judgment-sampling expert-sampling quota-sampling snowball-sampling respondent-driven-sampling capture-recapture mark-recapture mark-resight distance-sampling line-transect point-transect strip-transect plot quadrat pitfall-trap Malaise-trap pan-trap water-pan yellow-pan blue-pan white-pan flight-interception-trap window-trap canopy-fogging beating-tray sweep-net aerial-net ground-net aquatic-net D-vac vacuum-sampler aspirator mouth-aspirator mechanical-aspirator berlese-funnel Tullgren-funnel Winkler-extractor pitfall barber-trap pitfall-array drift-fence funnel-trap light-trap UV-light black-light mercury-vapor sodium-vapor LED actinic color-trap sticky-trap pheromone-trap synthetic-pheromone natural-pheromone kairomone-trap food-bait protein-bait sugar-bait fermentation-bait alcohol-bait vinegar-bait molasses-bait fruit-bait meat-bait fish-bait dung-bait carrion-bait decoy lure attractant repellent deterrent antifeedant oviposition-stimulant arrestant suppressant toxicant stomach-poison contact-poison fumigant systemic translaminar residual persistent non-persistent broad-spectrum narrow-spectrum selective non-selective target-specific host-specific mode-of-action nerve-poison acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor GABA-antagonist sodium-channel-modulator nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-agonist ryanodine-receptor-modulator chitin-synthesis-inhibitor juvenile-hormone-mimic ecdysone-agonist microbial-pesticide entomopathogenic-nematode entomopathogenic-fungus entomopathogenic-bacterium entomopathogenic-virus entomopathogenic-protozoa Bacillus-thuringiensis Bt Bacillus-sphaericus Paenibacillus-popilliae Serratia-entomophila Metarhizium-anisopliae Beauveria-bassiana Lecanicillium-lecanii Isaria-fumosorosea Nomuraea-rileyi Hirsutella-thompsonii Entomophthora Neozygites Nosema Vairimorpha Thelohania Anticarsia-gemmatalis-nucleopolyhedrovirus AgMNPV Cydia-pomonella-granulovirus CpGV Spodoptera-exigua-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus SeMNPV Autographa-californica-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus AcMNPV nucleopolyhedrovirus granulovirus cypovirus entomopoxvirus iridovirus parvovirus tetravirus nodavirus reovirus picornavirus iflavirus densovirus birnavirus totivirus partitivirus hypovirulence mycovirus bacteriophage phage transduction conjugation transformation horizontal-gene-transfer vertical-gene-transfer mobile-genetic-element transposon plasmid integron genomic-island pathogenicity-island symbiosis-island metabolic-island resistance-island virulence-factor antibiotic-resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance herbicide-resistance fungicide-resistance bactericide-resistance nematicide-resistance 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Feltiella
Feltiella is a genus of predatory gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) whose larvae feed on spider mites (Tetranychidae). The genus includes commercially important biological control agents, particularly F. acarisuga, which is mass-reared for augmentative biocontrol of tetranychid mites in greenhouse and agricultural systems. Larvae are voracious predators of spider mite eggs, with documented consumption rates exceeding 150 eggs per larva. Adults are short-lived and do not feed on prey.
predatory-gall-midge biological-control acariphagous Tetranychidae Cecidomyiidae augmentative-biocontrol integrated-pest-management greenhouse-pest-control
Gliaspilota
Gliaspilota is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. The genus belongs to a family known for inducing plant galls, though specific biological details for Gliaspilota remain limited. Observations suggest presence in North America, particularly the northeastern United States.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Diptera
Gliaspilota glutinosa
Gliaspilota glutinosa is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Osten Sacken in 1862. As a member of this family, it is likely associated with plant gall formation, though specific host plants and gall morphology remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded from the northeastern United States, with Vermont being a documented location.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Diptera United-States Vermont Osten-Sacken-1862 Hexapoda Insecta Animalia Arthropoda Pterygota Nematocera Culicomorpha Gliaspilota
Haplusia
Haplusia is a genus of gall midges and wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, established by Karsch in 1877. The genus contains more than 20 described species. These small flies belong to the subfamily Porricondylinae and tribe Diallactini. As cecidomyiids, they are associated with plant tissues, though specific ecological roles for most species remain poorly documented.
gall-midge wood-midge Cecidomyiidae Porricondylinae Diallactini Diptera
Haplusia rubra
Haplusia rubra is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, a diverse group of small flies commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats. The species was described by Felt in 1908. Like other members of its family, it is likely associated with plant galls, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented. The genus Haplusia is part of the large and taxonomically complex Cecidomyiidae, which contains thousands of species worldwide, many of which are poorly known.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Diptera Felt-1908 poorly-known-species plant-gall insect fly
Harmandiola
Harmandiola is a genus of gall midges (family Cecidomyiidae) comprising 14 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. These small flies are notable for inducing galls on woody host plants, specifically species of poplar (Populus), chestnut (Castanea), and hickory (Carya). The genus was established by Skuhravá in 1997. Species-level taxonomy has been revised multiple times, with several species transferred from related genera.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Holarctic Populus Castanea Carya gall-former forest-insect woody-plant-parasite Skuhravá-1997
Heteropeza pygmaea
A minute gall midge (family Cecidomyiidae) described from Europe in 1846. The species has been studied extensively for its unusual cytogenetics and developmental biology, particularly its paedogenetic reproduction and dramatic chromosome elimination during early embryogenesis. Germ-line cells contain approximately 58 chromosomes, but somatic nuclei retain only 10 chromosomes through programmed elimination of E-chromosomes during cleavage.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge paedogenesis chromosome-elimination developmental-biology model-organism Europe cytogenetics embryology Diptera
Heteropezini
Heteropezini is a tribe of gall midges within the subfamily Porricondylinae (Cecidomyiidae). These small flies are characterized by reduced wing venation and are distinguished from related tribes by antennal and genital morphology. The tribe includes the genus Heteropeza and related taxa. Published records of this tribe are sparse, with limited observational data available.
Cecidomyiidae Porricondylinae gall-midges Diptera tribe rarely-recorded
Hybolasioptera elymi
Hybolasioptera elymi is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 1969. It belongs to the genus Hybolasioptera, a group of gall-forming midges associated with grasses. The specific epithet 'elymi' suggests an association with Elymus, a genus of wild rye grasses. As with many gall midges, its biology is likely tied to host plant manipulation for larval development.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge grass-associated 1969-description
Isocolpodia
Isocolpodia is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, established by Parnell in 1971. The genus contains approximately six described species, including both gall-forming and forest-dwelling species. Species have been described from North America and the Palearctic region. The genus is classified in the subfamily Porricondylinae and tribe Porricondylini.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Porricondylinae forest-midge plant-gall
Iteomyia
Iteomyia is a genus of gall midges (family Cecidomyiidae) first described by Kieffer in 1913. The genus comprises five described species, including Iteomyia salicisverruca, a well-known gall-former on willows. These small flies are associated with Salix (willow) host plants, inducing characteristic galls on leaves or stems. The genus is distributed across northern Europe and North America.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae willow-gall Salix plant-gall Diptera
Janetiella
Janetiella is a genus of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) established by Kieffer in 1898. The genus contains at least 33 described species. These insects are small flies whose larvae induce the formation of plant galls—abnormal growths on plant tissue that provide shelter and food for the developing larvae.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae plant-gall Diptera insect
Lasioptera
Lasioptera is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae containing at least 140 described species. Species in this genus are primarily known for inducing galls on host plants, with larvae developing inside plant tissues. Some species have established complex relationships with fungi, including ambrosia fungus feeding. Several species are significant agricultural pests, including the Mediterranean tomato gall midge (L. tomaticola) and a stem-boring pest on tomatoes reported from Greece and Turkey. The genus has a wide geographic distribution spanning Europe, Asia, North America, and other regions, with host associations including Rubus (raspberry/blackberry), tomato, Arundo donax (giant reed), Leea indica, and various other plants.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-inducer agricultural-pest tomato-pest biocontrol fungus-association ambrosia-fungus internal-feeder stem-borer plant-insect-interaction
Lasioptera ephedrae
Mormon Tea Stem Gall Midge
Lasioptera ephedrae is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is known for inducing stem galls on Ephedra trifurca, a desert shrub commonly called Mormon tea. The species was described by Cockerell in 1898 and is found in arid regions of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Like other gall midges, it has a complex life cycle involving intimate association with its host plant.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-former stem-gall Ephedra Mormon-tea desert-insect plant-parasite
Lasioptera lorrainae
Lasioptera lorrainae is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2018. As a member of the genus Lasioptera, it belongs to a group of tiny flies whose larvae typically develop within plant galls. The genus is characterized by adults with distinctive black, gray, and white coloration. Very little is known about this particular species, which has been recorded from only a handful of observations.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Diptera insect Lasioptera
Lasioptera solani
gall midge
A small gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. Adults display distinctive black, gray, and white coloration. The genus Lasioptera is known for inducing galls on host plants, though specific details for this species remain limited. The species epithet 'solani' suggests an association with Solanaceae plants.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-former Solanaceae agricultural-pest-potential
Lasioptera solidaginis
Lasioptera solidaginis is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, first described by Osten Sacken in 1863. It is one of numerous gall-forming insects associated with goldenrod (Solidago) plants. The genus Lasioptera includes species that induce galls on various host plants, with larvae developing within these specialized plant structures.
gall-midge gall-forming-insect goldenrod-associate Cecidomyiidae Diptera
Lasioptera vitis
Grapevine Tomato Gall Fly
Lasioptera vitis is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, commonly known as the Grapevine Tomato Gall Fly. The species is associated with grapevines (Vitis spp.), as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus Lasioptera, it likely induces gall formation on host plants, though specific details about the morphology of its galls remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Vitis grapevine gall-former Diptera
Lasiopterini
Lasiopterini is a tribe of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) whose larvae induce galls on host plants. Species in this tribe have documented associations with Chenopodiaceae, particularly Atriplex species in southern California. The tribe is classified within the subfamily Cecidomyiinae. Specific biological details remain incompletely documented for many member species.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Atriplex Chenopodiaceae southern-California
Leptosyna
Leptosyna is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, established by Kieffer in 1894. It belongs to the subfamily Porricondylinae and tribe Heteropezini. Members of this genus are small, delicate flies with reduced wing venation characteristic of the family. The genus is poorly documented in modern literature, with limited species-level information available.
Cecidomyiidae Porricondylinae Heteropezini gall-midges Kieffer-1894
Lestodiplosini
Lestodiplosini is a tribe of predatory gall midges within the family Cecidomyiidae. Members of this tribe are distinguished by their predatory lifestyle, feeding on other small arthropods rather than inducing plant galls. The tribe contains the genus Lestodiplosis and related taxa. These midges are part of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae, which includes both gall-forming and predatory lineages. Lestodiplosini species have been documented in multiple regions, with iNaturalist observations indicating a broad but patchy distribution.
predatory gall-midges Cecidomyiidae biological-control
Lestremia
Lestremia is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, established by French entomologist Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart in 1826. The genus contains 18 described species distributed across multiple continents including Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Species in this genus are placed in the subfamily Lestremiinae and tribe Lestremiini. The genus includes both extant species and fossil species known from Eocene amber.
Cecidomyiidae Lestremiinae non-biting-midges gall-midges 1826 Macquart Eocene-fossil Lestremia-eocenica Lestremia-pinites
Lestremiinae
Lestremiine Wood Midges
Lestremiinae is a subfamily of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) comprising 105 described species across 13 genera. The subfamily is distinguished by larval specialization on fungal substrates. Unlike many Cecidomyiidae that form plant galls, Lestremiinae larvae are primarily fungivorous, inhabiting decaying wood where they consume fungal growth. The group has received substantial taxonomic attention in northern Europe, with ongoing discoveries of new species.
Cecidomyiidae fungivorous saproxylic forest-ecology decomposer
Lonicerae
Lonicerae is a genus of gall midges (family Cecidomyiidae) described by Gagné in 2016. Species in this genus are associated with Lonicera (honeysuckle) plants, forming galls or other plant growth abnormalities. The genus belongs to the tribe Lasiopterini within the subfamily Cecidomyiinae.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Diptera Lasiopterini Lonicera honeysuckle plant-associated-insect
Lonicerae lonicera
Honeysuckle gall midge
Lonicerae lonicera is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces galls on honeysuckle plants (genus Lonicera). As a member of the gall midges, this species represents one of many cecidomyiids specialized in manipulating host plant tissue to form protective structures for larval development. The genus name Lonicerae directly references its association with honeysuckle hosts.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Lonicera gall-inducer Diptera
Lopesia
Lopesia is a genus of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with most described species from Brazil. Species in this genus are specialized gall inducers on diverse host plants, with documented associations including Fabaceae (Mimosa, Dalbergia, Lonchocarpus, Andira), Pontederiaceae (Eichhornia), Dilleniaceae (Davilla), and Melastomataceae (Leandra). Gall morphology varies considerably among species, including bivalve-shaped leaf galls, rhizome galls, and galls on reproductive structures. Development involves complete metamorphosis with three larval instars, pupation occurring within the gall, and adult emergence from senescent galls.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-inducer Neotropical Brazil plant-insect-interaction host-specificity super-host
Lopesiini
Lopesiini is a tribe of gall midges within the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), established by Gagné in 1994. Members are known primarily from the Neotropical region, where they induce galls on various host plants. The tribe includes species with specialized relationships with specific plant taxa, including endemic hosts in the Brazilian Cerrado.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Neotropical Brazil Cerrado plant-gall endemic-host-association
Macrodiplosis
Macrodiplosis is a genus of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) comprising approximately 19 described species. Species in this genus induce galls primarily on oak (Quercus) leaves. The genus has a Holarctic distribution with records from Europe, Asia, and North America.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae oak-gall Quercus Holarctic
Macrodiplosis castaneae
Macrodiplosis castaneae is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. The species is associated with chestnut trees (Castanea spp.), though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. It was described by Stebbins in 1910 and is currently listed as a synonym of Harmandiola castaneae in some taxonomic databases.
Diptera Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Castanea chestnut taxonomic-synonym
Macrodiplosis erubescens
Marginal Leaf Fold Gall Midge
Macrodiplosis erubescens is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, commonly known as the Marginal Leaf Fold Gall Midge. The species induces distinctive galls on oak leaves, specifically causing the leaf margins to fold or roll inward. It has been documented primarily in eastern North America. The specific epithet 'erubescens' refers to a reddish or blushing coloration, likely describing the gall or larval appearance.
gall-midge gall-former oak-associate Cecidomyiidae North-America
Macrodiplosis majalis
Macrodiplosis majalis is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. The species is known to induce galls on plants. It has been recorded in the United States, with distribution records from Vermont. The species was first described by Osten Sacken in 1870.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Macrodiplosis Diptera insect gall-former
Macrodiplosis qoruca
Oak Vein Pocket Gall Midge
Macrodiplosis qoruca is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, known for inducing pocket-like galls on oak leaf veins. The species is widely distributed in North America and has been documented through over 1,300 observations. Adults are small, delicate flies typical of the family. The specific epithet 'qoruca' derives from the Cherokee word for oak.
gall-midge oak-gall Cecidomyiidae parasitoid-host forest-insect North-America univoltine leaf-gall
Mayetiola
Mayetiola is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. The genus includes approximately 15 described species, with Mayetiola destructor (the Hessian fly) being the most economically significant. Most species in this genus are associated with cereal crops and grasses. Unlike many other cecidomyiids, M. destructor does not form galls. The genus exhibits a distinctive developmental feature: chromosome elimination during early embryogenesis, where germ-line nuclei retain the full chromosome complement while somatic nuclei eliminate approximately 32 chromosomes.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midges cereal-pests wheat-pest chromosome-elimination Hessian-fly agricultural-pest invasive-species
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly, barley midge
The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is a major pest of wheat and other cereal crops. Adults are small, mosquito-like flies with dark wings, black thorax, and dark red abdomen. Females deposit eggs in clusters on wheat leaf surfaces; larvae feed on stem tissue, causing stunting, lodging, and reduced grain yield. Unlike most Cecidomyiidae, this species does not form galls. Native to Asia, it has spread globally and was one of the earliest documented invasive species in North America, first reported in 1779.
agricultural-pest wheat-pest invasive-species chromosome-elimination Cecidomyiidae stem-borer integrated-pest-management host-plant-resistance
Meunieriella
Meunieriella is a genus of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) established by Kieffer in 1909. Members of this genus are small, delicate flies in the subfamily Cecidomyiinae. The genus contains species that induce galls on host plants, though specific host associations and biological details remain poorly documented for many species. The genus is distinguished from related gall midge genera by particular combinations of adult morphological characters, though precise diagnostic features require specialist examination.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-forming Diptera Cecidomyiinae
Meunieriella on-smilax
Meunieriella on-smilax is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. This species is known for inducing galls on Smilax species (greenbriers), with the specific epithet reflecting this host association. Gall midges in this genus are specialized herbivores that manipulate plant tissue to form protective structures for their developing larvae.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-former Smilax greenbrier
Miastor
Miastor is a genus of gall midges and wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, comprising approximately seven described species. The genus is notable for exhibiting paedogenesis, a rare reproductive strategy in which larvae reproduce parthenogenetically without metamorphosing into adults. Multiple asexual generations can occur before adults eventually develop. Larvae have been recorded in diverse habitats including fungal fruiting bodies, dung, tree bark, and decaying plant matter.
paedogenesis parthenogenesis gall-midge fungivore endoparasite Cecidomyiidae
Micromyinae
Micromyine Wood Midges
Micromyinae is a subfamily of wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, comprising at least 55 genera and more than 650 described species. Members were formerly classified within subfamily Lestremiinae. All species in this subfamily are mycophagous, feeding on fungi. The subfamily includes numerous fossil genera preserved in amber deposits dating from the Albian to Eocene.
mycophagous fungivore fossil-amber Cecidomyiidae wood-midges
Micromyini
wood midges
Micromyini is a tribe of small, delicate flies commonly known as wood midges, classified within the family Cecidomyiidae. The tribe comprises approximately 9 genera and at least 30 described species. These insects are part of the diverse gall midge group, though their specific biology remains poorly documented compared to other cecidomyiid tribes.
Cecidomyiidae Lestremiinae wood-midges gall-midges Diptera
Monardia
wood midges
Monardia is a genus of wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, first described by Kieffer in 1895. The genus contains approximately 40–53 described species organized into three subgenera. These small flies are part of the diverse gall midge family, though specific biological details for most species remain poorly documented. The genus has been recorded from northern European countries including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midges wood-midges Palearctic Diptera Kieffer-1895
Monarthropalpus
boxwood leafminer gall midge
Monarthropalpus is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. The genus contains at least one described species, M. flavus, commonly known as the boxwood leafminer. These small flies are native to Europe and were introduced to North America, where they have become significant pests of boxwood (Buxus spp.) ornamental plants. The larvae develop as leafminers within boxwood leaves, causing characteristic yellow-orange discoloration, blistering, and gall formation that disfigures foliage.
gall-midge leafminer pest ornamental boxwood introduced-species Cecidomyiidae horticulture integrated-pest-management
Monarthropalpus flavus
boxwood leafminer
A small gnat-like gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) native to Europe that is a significant pest of boxwood (Buxus spp.) in ornamental landscapes. Adults are delicate orange flies resembling mosquitoes. Females use a drill-like ovipositor to insert eggs into the undersides of young leaves. Larvae feed gregariously within leaf tissue, inducing rudimentary blister galls through hypertrophy and hyperplasia of spongy parenchyma. The species represents an evolutionary intermediate between leafminers and true gall inducers. First detected in the United States in 1910, it now causes serious damage to boxwood across the eastern U.S.
gall-midge leafminer pest ornamental introduced boxwood Cecidomyiidae intermediate-gall-induction resistant-varieties-available
Mycodiplosis
Rust-eating midges
Mycodiplosis is a genus of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) whose larvae feed on spores of rust fungi (Pucciniales) and other fungal groups. The genus contains at least 49 described species based on adult male morphology, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting substantial undescribed diversity. Larvae have been detected on 261 rust-infected plant collections across 25 countries, with infestation patterns showing preferential feeding on certain rust species but no strict host-specificity at the clade level.
fungivory rust-fungi biological-control Cecidomyiidae Pucciniales
Mycophila
wood midges
Mycophila is a genus of cecidomyiid midges established by Ephraim Porter Felt in 1911, comprising seven described species. Species within this genus are associated with fungal substrates, with some documented as pests of cultivated mushrooms. The genus exhibits diverse reproductive strategies including paedogenesis and parthenogenesis. At least three species have been recorded from China, with additional species known from North America and Europe.
Cecidomyiidae mycophagous paedogenesis parthenogenesis mushroom-pest fungus-feeding China North-America Europe
Mycophila speyeri
Mycophila speyeri is a mushroom-infesting cecid fly in the family Cecidomyiidae, first described by Barnes in 1926. It reproduces primarily through larval paedogenesis, a form of asexual reproduction in which larvae produce daughter larvae directly. Sexual reproduction and adult flies are rarely observed in commercial mushroom growing operations. The species has been documented as a significant pest of cultivated mushrooms in Pennsylvania and has been reported from China and several European countries including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Japan.
paedogenesis pest mushroom-cultivation asexual-reproduction Cecidomyiidae