Neotropical
Guides
Coryphaeschna
Pilot Darners
Coryphaeschna is a genus of large dragonflies commonly known as pilot darners, comprising approximately 10 described species within the family Aeshnidae. The genus occurs primarily in the Neotropical region, with species ranging from the southern United States through Central America and into South America. Members of this genus are aerial predators typical of the darner group, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented for many species.
Coryphaeschna ingens
Regal Darner
Coryphaeschna ingens, commonly known as the regal darner, is a species of large dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It occurs across the Caribbean and North America, with a stable population and no immediate conservation concerns. The species is recognized by its substantial size and distinctive coloration typical of the genus Coryphaeschna.
Coryphaeschna viriditas
Mangrove Darner
Coryphaeschna viriditas, commonly known as the mangrove darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It inhabits coastal and wetland environments across the Americas, with a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats identified.
Corythaica
eggplant tingids, lace bugs
Corythaica is a genus of lace bugs (family Tingidae) commonly referred to as eggplant tingids. The genus contains more than 20 described species distributed in the Neotropical region. Species in this genus are predominantly specialist feeders on plants in the family Solanaceae, with several species recognized as economically important agricultural pests.
Corythaica carinata
Corythaica carinata is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is distributed across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. Like other members of the genus Corythaica, it is likely associated with solanaceous plants, though specific host records for this species are not well documented. The species was described by Uhler in 1886.
Corythaica venusta
Corythaica venusta is a lace bug in the family Tingidae, first described by Champion in 1898. It is one of multiple species in the genus Corythaica, which are predominantly specialist feeders on Solanaceae. The species is native to the Neotropics and has been recorded as a pest on solanaceous crops. Like other tingids, it exhibits characteristic lace-like reticulated forewings and often forms aggregations on host plants.
Coscinocephalus cribrifrons
Coscinocephalus cribrifrons is a rhinoceros beetle in the subfamily Dynastinae. The species was described by Schaeffer in 1906. It occurs in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Like other dynastine beetles, it possesses enlarged cephalic or thoracic horns, though specific horn morphology for this species is not well documented.
Cosmariomyia
Cosmariomyia is a genus of soldier flies in the family Stratiomyidae, subfamily Pachygastrinae. The genus was established by Kertész in 1914 and contains three described species distributed in the Neotropical region. Members are small to medium-sized flies with relatively limited published information on their biology.
Cosmetidae
Pied Harvestmen
Cosmetidae is one of the largest families of harvestmen (Opiliones), comprising over 700 species across 125+ genera. The family is endemic to the New World with a Nearctic-Neotropical distribution, reaching its greatest diversity in Mexico, Central America, and northern South America, particularly the Andean regions. The northern range extends into the southern United States. The family name derives from the Greek 'kosmetós' meaning 'ornate,' referring to the elaborate white, yellow, or occasionally green, orange, or red markings on the dorsal body. The family has undergone substantial taxonomic revision, with seven subfamilies currently recognized following phylogenetic analyses.
Cosmopterix callichalca
Cosmopterix callichalca is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae with a forewing length of 3.1–5.7 mm. It is native to the Americas, with records from Argentina, Brazil, and the southern and midwestern United States. The larvae are leaf miners on Schizachyrium scoparium. The species exhibits geographic variation in voltinism: univoltine in Michigan, bivoltine in the southern United States, and likely multivoltine in Brazil.
Cosmopterix dapifera
Cosmopterix dapifera is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae, described by Hodges in 1962. It exhibits highly distinctive wing patterning with metallic golden spots and white transverse lines on greyish-brown forewings. The species has a disjunct distribution spanning the southeastern United States, Cuba, and eastern Brazil. Adults have been collected across multiple months, indicating a multivoltine life cycle.
Cosmopterix teligera
Cosmopterix teligera is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae, characterized by distinctive metallic markings on dark brown forewings. The species occurs from the southern United States through the Caribbean and into South America. Adults are active primarily during warmer months in temperate regions, with year-round activity likely in tropical areas.
Cosmosoma achemon
Cosmosoma achemon is a moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781. It occurs in the Neotropical region, with a range extending from the Antilles through northern South America to Santarém in Pará, Brazil. As a member of the genus Cosmosoma, it belongs to a group of tiger moths often noted for bright coloration and warning patterns associated with chemical defense.
Coxina
Coxina is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae, established by Guenée in 1852. The genus contains eight described species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico, Central America, and South America to Argentina. Species in this genus are nocturnal and belong to the diverse owlet moth group.
Crambus leuconotus
Crambus leuconotus is a species of crambid moth described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1881. It belongs to the grass-veneer moth genus Crambus, a group characterized by slender bodies and distinctive labial palps that project forward like a snout. The species is known only from Colombia, with minimal observational records available. Like other members of Crambinae, it likely inhabits grassland or meadow environments, though specific ecological details remain undocumented.
Cratotocha ampliata
Cratotocha ampliata is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Plakidas in 2017. It was originally described as Anaretella ampliata and later transferred to the genus Cratotocha. As a member of the subfamily Lestremiinae, it belongs to a group of cecidomyiids whose larvae typically develop in association with fungi or decaying organic matter rather than forming plant galls. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Anaretella ampliata in some taxonomic databases.
Crematogaster crinosa
crinosa-complex Acrobat Ants
Crematogaster crinosa is a species of acrobat ant in the tribe Crematogastrini, described by Mayr in 1862. It belongs to the crinosa species complex, a group of closely related Crematogaster species that can be difficult to distinguish morphologically. The species is native to the Neotropics and has been documented in association with various wasp nests as a predator.
Crematogaster minutissima
Forest Floor Yellow Acrobat Ant
Crematogaster minutissima is a small ant species in the genus Crematogaster, commonly known as the Forest Floor Yellow Acrobat Ant. The species is characterized by its diminutive size and yellowish coloration. It belongs to a genus notable for its heart-shaped gaster and defensive 'acrobatic' stinging posture, though specific behavioral documentation for this species is limited.
Crematoxenini
Crematoxenini is a tribe of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae) established by Mann in 1921. The tribe comprises eleven genera and approximately eighteen described species. Members of this tribe are myrmecophiles, living in association with army ants (Ecitoninae).
Crenitulus
Crenitulus is a genus of small water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, tribe Anacaenini. The genus was established by Winters in 1926 and is part of the subfamily Chaetarthriinae. Members of this genus are aquatic or semi-aquatic beetles associated with freshwater habitats. The genus is poorly documented in the scientific literature, with limited species-level information available.
Crocidosema
Crocidosema is a genus of tortrix moths in the family Tortricidae, tribe Eucosmini, subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus contains approximately 29 described species, distributed primarily in the Southern Hemisphere with particular abundance in the Neotropics. Some species occur in other regions, including the Hawaiian Islands. The genus includes both agricultural pests and species used in biological control.
Cropia
Cropia is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, erected by Francis Walker in 1858. The genus contains approximately 25 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Species within this genus are part of the diverse owlet moth fauna and are classified within the subfamily Noctuinae. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revisions, with several species originally described under other genera later transferred to Cropia.
Cryphula
dirt-colored seed bugs
Cryphula is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs (family Rhyparochromidae) comprising approximately 14 described species distributed in the Americas. The genus was established by Stål in 1874. Species in this genus have been documented in association with decomposing plant material, particularly dead Heliconia inflorescences and leaves.
Cryptoscatomaseter
Cryptoscatomaseter is a genus of dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae. It was described by Gordon and Skelley in 2007 and is known from the Neotropical region. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized scarab beetles associated with dung decomposition. The genus is part of the diverse Aphodiini tribe, which contains many species that feed on animal feces.
Ctenodactylini
Ctenodactylini is a tribe of ground beetles (Carabidae: Ctenodactylinae) first characterized based on larval morphology. Larval character states shared between Askalaphium depressum and Leptotrachelus dorsalis form the basis for tribal diagnosis. Members occupy specialized microhabitats, with documented species living commensally in leaf axils of riparian plants.
Ctenuchina
Handmaidens
Ctenuchina is a subtribe of tiger moths within the family Erebidae, commonly known as handmaidens. These moths are diurnal and exhibit striking coloration that mimics unpalatable beetles and wasps. Males possess specialized scent-dispersing structures called androconia, used in pheromone communication during courtship. The group is taxonomically diverse, with many species distributed in the Neotropical region.
Cumora furcata
Cumora furcata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Caldwell in 1952. It belongs to the genus Cumora, which is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna of the Western Hemisphere. The species is known from limited distributional records in Brazil. As with many Cicadellidae, it likely feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.
Curicta
water scorpion
Curicta is a genus of aquatic insects in the family Nepidae, commonly known as water scorpions. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs found in freshwater habitats. The genus was established by Stål in 1861 and is placed in the tribe Curictini within the subfamily Nepinae. Curicta scorpio is one documented species, with records extending from Central to South America.
Curiini
Curiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae. It contains a single genus, Curius. The tribe is distinguished by unique morphological features that separate it from other cerambycine tribes. Members are found in the Neotropical region.
Curtomerus flavus
Curtomerus Longhorned Beetle
Curtomerus flavus is a longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The species is distributed across North, Central, and South America, as well as Pacific and Caribbean islands. It belongs to the subfamily Cerambycinae and tribe Callidiopini. Limited ecological and behavioral information is available for this species.
Cyanophrys herodotus
Tropical Greenstreak, Tropical Green Hairstreak
Cyanophrys herodotus is a small Neotropical hairstreak butterfly (Lycaenidae) described by Fabricius in 1793. It ranges from Mexico through Central America to Argentina, with rare strays reaching southern Texas. The species inhabits open disturbed areas in tropical and subtropical forests at 600–2,000 m elevation, where adults feed on flower nectar and larvae feed on leaves and flowers of various shrubs and trees.
Cybotus
Cybotus is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, established by Casey in 1890. It is a small genus with limited documented species, occurring in the Neotropical region. The genus belongs to the speciose family Tenebrionidae, which contains over 20,000 species of primarily detritivorous beetles. Information on Cybotus remains sparse in published literature.
Cyclocephalini
Masked Chafers and Rice Beetles
Cyclocephalini is a tribe of scarab beetles within the subfamily Dynastinae, comprising 14 genera and over 500 species. The tribe includes the most speciose genus of dynastines, Cyclocephala, with more than 350 species. Members are primarily Neotropical in distribution and are commonly known as masked chafers and rice beetles. These beetles are strongly associated with flowers, serving as pollinators and florivores, with many species exhibiting specialized relationships with palm inflorescences and other flowering plants.
Cyclophora nanaria
Dwarf Tawny Wave
Cyclophora nanaria, the Dwarf Tawny Wave, is a small geometrid moth first described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is one of the smallest members of its genus, with a wingspan of approximately 16 mm. The species has a broad distribution across the Americas, from the United States through the Caribbean and Central America to South America, and has been introduced to Hawaii.
Cyclosa walckenaeri
Walckenaer's Trashline Orbweaver
Cyclosa walckenaeri is a species of trashline orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae, found from the United States through the Caribbean to Guyana. Like other members of the genus Cyclosa, it constructs small vertical orb webs decorated with a vertical line of debris through the center, which serves as camouflage. The spider sits at the hub of this "trashline," effectively hiding among the accumulated material. This species is part of a group of spiders known for recycling web debris and prey remains into architectural elements that disguise their presence from visual predators.
Cyclotelus pictipennis
Cyclotelus pictipennis is a species of stiletto fly in the family Therevidae, originally described as Thereva pictipennis by Wiedemann in 1821. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with some sources recognizing it under the synonym Cerocatus pictipennis. As a member of the Therevidae family, it shares the characteristic elongated, slender body form and stiletto-like proboscis typical of stiletto flies. The specific epithet 'pictipennis' refers to patterned or painted wings, suggesting distinctive wing markings.
Cydninae
burrower bugs, burrowing bugs
Cydninae is the largest and most diverse subfamily of burrower bugs (family Cydnidae), comprising approximately 11 genera and at least 40 described species worldwide. Members are characterized by their subterranean lifestyle and burrowing adaptations. The subfamily includes two recognized tribes, Cydnini and Geotomini. Several species are considered agricultural pests due to their feeding habits on crop plants and seeds.
Cylloceriinae
Cylloceriinae is a subfamily of ichneumonid wasps containing two genera. The subfamily is poorly known biologically, with most information limited to taxonomy and distribution. Species in the genus Cylloceria have been recorded from Mexico, Central America, and the Neotropical region. Host associations and detailed biology remain undocumented.
Cyllopsis
gemmed satyrs
Cyllopsis is a genus of satyrid butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, established by Rudolf Felder in 1869. The genus comprises approximately 30 species distributed across the Neotropical realm, with at least one species, C. gemma, extending into North America as far north as Missouri and Illinois. These butterflies are commonly known as "gemmed satyrs" and are typically associated with forested habitats where adults fly low near the ground.
Cymaenes
Cymaenes is a genus of skippers (family Hesperiidae) first described by Scudder in 1872. The genus comprises approximately twelve recognized species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Members are classified within the subfamily Hesperiinae, commonly known as grass skippers. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with several former species synonymized or transferred to other genera.
Cymaenes tripunctus
Three-spotted Skipper, Dingy Dotted Skipper
Cymaenes tripunctus is a grass skipper (Hesperiidae) distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, Florida, and South America. It is a small butterfly with a wingspan of 29–35 mm. The species is distinguished by three tiny transparent white spots on the leading edge of the forewing upperside near the tip. Two recognized subspecies exist: C. t. tripunctus and C. t. theogenis.
Cymatodera
checkered beetles
Cymatodera is a genus of checkered beetles in the family Cleridae, tribe Tillinae, comprising at least 70 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropics and Nearctic regions. Species within this genus exhibit considerable morphological diversity, with several new species described recently from Mexico, Central America, and South America. Members are typically found in association with woody vegetation and are attracted to ultraviolet light.
Cymatodera neomexicana
New Mexican checkered beetle
Cymatodera neomexicana is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, first described by Knull in 1934. It belongs to the subfamily Tillinae, which includes predatory clerids that typically feed on other insects. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Cynorta
Cynorta is a genus of harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Cosmetidae, subfamily Cynortinae. It was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1839. The type species is Cynorta conspersa. The genus is currently considered poorly defined, with species from disparate regions included without demonstrated shared ancestry.
Cynortoides
Cynortoides is a genus of harvestmen (order Opiliones, family Cosmetidae) described by Roewer in 1912. It belongs to the subfamily Cynortinae within the diverse neotropical harvestman fauna. Species in this genus are characterized by features typical of cosmetid harvestmen, including relatively compact bodies and often ornate dorsal armature. The genus occurs in Central and South American regions.
Cynortoides quadrispinosa
Cynortoides quadrispinosa is a species of harvestman (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) described by Goodnight & Goodnight in 1942. It belongs to the family Cosmetidae, a diverse group of neotropical harvestmen characterized by often ornate body armature. The specific epithet 'quadrispinosa' suggests the presence of four spines, likely on the dorsal scutum or abdomen. The species has been documented in citizen science observations, indicating it is not exceptionally rare in suitable habitat.
Cyphoderus similis
Cyphoderus similis is an elongate-bodied springtail species in the family Paronellidae, described by J.W. Folsom in 1927. It is myrmecophilic and has been documented in phoretic association with the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). The species occurs across multiple insular and coastal regions including the Caribbean, Hawaii, Macaronesia, and the Amazon basin.
Cyphomyrmex
fungus-growing ants
Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.
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minutus
Minute Fungus-farming Ant
Cyphomyrmex minutus is a species of fungus-farming ant in the tribe Attini, characterized by its small size and specialized cultivation of fungal gardens. The species is native to the Americas and has been documented across a broad geographic range from the United States through Central America to northern South America. Like other members of its genus, it maintains obligate mutualistic relationships with cultivated fungi, which serve as the primary food source for the colony. The species is one of numerous Cyphomyrmex taxa that have been historically understudied due to their cryptic nesting habits and small worker size.
Cyphomyrmex rimosus
Rimose Fungus-farming Ant
Cyphomyrmex rimosus is a fungus-growing ant in the tribe Attini, native to the Neotropics. It is a small, slow-moving species that cultivates fungal gardens for food. Colonies are typically small, with fewer than 500 workers. Workers are known to feign death when disturbed, remaining immobile for extended periods.