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Eurylophella funeralis
Eurylophella funeralis is a mayfly species in the family Ephemerellidae, described by McDunnough in 1925. Originally placed in the genus Ephemerella, it was later transferred to Eurylophella. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with records from North America including Vermont. As a member of the order Ephemeroptera, it has an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in available literature.
mayfly Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae Nearctic aquatic-insect McDunnough-1925 original-combination-Ephemerella-funeralis
Euryneura propinqua
Euryneura propinqua is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae, described by Schiner in 1868. The species belongs to the subfamily Clitellariinae and has been recorded from the United States, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. Very little is known about its biology or ecology. Soldier flies in this family are typically associated with decaying organic matter and aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats in their larval stages.
soldier-fly Stratiomyidae Diptera Neotropical Nearctic
Euryuridae
Euryuridae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. The family includes at least four genera and approximately 14 described species. Members are endemic to the Nearctic region. One well-studied species, Euryurus leachii, has been used to investigate thermal tolerance in detritivorous arthropods.
millipede flat-backed-millipede detritivore Nearctic dead-wood thermal-tolerance
Euryurus
flat-backed millipede
Euryurus is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Euryuridae, containing approximately 14 described species. These millipedes are endemic to the Nearctic region and are commonly found in forested habitats. The genus has been subject to ecological research, particularly regarding thermal tolerance in Euryurus leachii, which has a critical thermal maximum of approximately 40.5°C.
millipede detritivore forest thermal-ecology Nearctic dead-wood climate-change-indicator
Euryurus leachii
Leach's millipede, Log Lurker
Euryurus leachii is a flat-backed millipede in the family Euryuridae, commonly known as Leach's millipede or the Log Lurker. It is endemic to North America and is frequently encountered in forested habitats, particularly in association with decaying wood. The species has been studied for its thermal physiology, showing a critical thermal maximum of approximately 40.5°C with seasonal plasticity in heat tolerance.
millipede detritivore forest decaying-wood thermal-physiology seasonal-plasticity Nearctic
Euschistus ictericus
Shield bug
Euschistus ictericus is a North American shield bug (Pentatomidae) measuring 10.5–12 mm in length. It is distinguished from other brown stink bugs by the absence of black spots on the ventral mid-abdomen and the presence of black rings around abdominal spiracles. The species inhabits damp environments and has been documented on diverse host plants including sedges, irises, water lilies, willows, and various legumes. It is not considered an economically important agricultural pest.
shield-bug stink-bug Pentatomidae Nearctic wetland phytophagous
Euschistus inflatus
Euschistus inflatus is a Nearctic stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae. It was described by Van Duzee in 1903 and is found in North America. The species was examined in a 2022 taxonomic revision that formalized the ictericus group within Euschistus (Euschistus), where it was treated as similar and probably related to core group members but not formally included in the group. Host plants documented for this species include Rubus arizonensis, Verbascum thapsus, sugar beets, and green beans.
Pentatomidae stink-bug Nearctic Euschistus ictericus-group Van-Duzee-1903 phytophagous agricultural-pest-potential
Euschistus latimarginatus
Euschistus latimarginatus is a stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae, described by Zimmer in 1910. It belongs to the ictericus group within the subgenus Euschistus (Euschistus), as formalized through morphological analysis of male and female genitalia. The species occurs in the Nearctic region, with documented presence in the Nebraska Sandhills. Specific details regarding its biology, host associations, and economic significance remain limited in published literature.
Pentatomidae Euschistus ictericus-group Nearctic Nebraska-Sandhills stink-bug
Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus
dusky stink bug
Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus is a Nearctic subspecies of brown stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a member of the ictericus species group, characterized by distinctive male genitalia morphology. Adults exhibit seasonal dimorphism and are active from March through November, with nymphs present June through October. The subspecies is associated with pecan orchards and other woody habitats, showing a pronounced preference for upper canopy levels compared to ground-dwelling congeners.
stink-bug pentatomidae pecan-pest arboreal seasonal-dimorphism Nearctic ictericus-group
Euschistus variolarius
one-spotted stink bug, onespotted stink bug
Euschistus variolarius, commonly known as the one-spotted stink bug, is a Nearctic species of shield bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a phytophagous insect that feeds primarily on seeds and developing fruits of various plants, including legumes, grasses, and agricultural crops such as soybean and alfalfa. The species produces one generation per year in northern parts of its range, with adults overwintering in ground debris and emerging in spring to reproduce. While historically considered a minor pest, it has become increasingly recognized as an emerging pest in Midwestern soybean and corn production.
stink-bug pentatomid agricultural-pest soybean-pest phytophagous Nearctic shield-bug Hemiptera integrated-pest-management emerging-pest overwintering univoltine
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
Araneidae orb-weaver spider humpbacked myrmecophily ant-plant-mutualism Neotropical Nearctic Eustala-anastera Eustala-oblonga Eustala-illicita web-building predator acacia Pseudomyrmex Panama Brazil Galápagos Simon-1895 arachnology entomology tropical-ecology commensalism ontogeny ballooning overwintering juvenile spider-wasp-prey Caliadurgus-hyalinatus host-parasitoid-interactions third-party-exploitation mutualism-exploitation cryptic-coloration nocturnal-foraging diurnal-hiding-behavior thorn-defense orb-web-architecture sawtoothed-web population-ecology substrate-selection spatial-distribution species-diversity endemic-species taxonomic-revision nomen-dubium genitalic-morphology microscopy-identification temperate-North-America Central-America South-America Caribbean Pacific-islands conservation-biology climate-change-vulnerability phenology-disruption winter-activity spring-emergence forest-understory dry-forest moist-forest riparian grassland scrub edge-habitat woodland parkland urban-adapted generalist-predator specialist-predator ant-alate-predation herbivore-interception ecosystem-service biological-control natural-history field-identification cryptic-species-complex sexual-dimorphism wingless-female-moths ballooning-dispersal silk-production web-ontogeny instar-development overwintering-strategy cold-hardiness metabolic-suppression diapause voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine seasonal-polyphenism color-morph pattern-polymorphism habitat-specificity host-plant-specificity ant-colony-integration alarm-pheromone-avoidance sting-avoidance predator-avoidance bird-predation lizard-predation wasp-predation assassin-bug-predation stink-bug-predation defensive-behavior thanatosis camouflage masquerade mimicry aggressive-mimicry foraging-ecology prey-capture web-maintenance web-repair silk-recycling energetics reproductive-output fecundity egg-sac-construction maternal-care male-searching-behavior mate-location pheromone-communication vibratory-communication visual-signaling territoriality web-site-fidelity web-site-tenacity dispersal-behavior colonization-ability range-expansion invasive-potential non-native-species introduced-species synanthropic agricultural-landscape orchard vineyard forest-plantation conservation-status data-deficient IUCN CITES protected-area national-park soberania chiribiquete galapagos floreana ecuador peru bolivia chile argentina uruguay paraguay venezuela colombia costa-rica nicaragua honduras guatemala belize mexico usa canada cuba hispaniola jamaica puerto-rico trinidad tobago barbados lesser-antilles greater-antilles west-indies caribbean-basin amazon-basin orinoco parana pantanal cerrado caatinga atlantic-forest pampas chaco yungas valdivian magellanic fynbos none research-model educational-resource citizen-science inaturalist gbif catalogue-of-life ncbi wikipedia zootaxa journal-of-natural-history psyche entomology-today bug-eric araneology chelicerate-biology arthropod-ecology tropical-biology neotropical-fauna nearctic-fauna holartic pantropical gondwanan biogeography phylogeography molecular-systematics morphological-taxonomy integrative-taxonomy species-concept cryptic-diversity undescribed-species new-species-description redescription neotype-designation lectotype-designation type-locality type-specimen museum-collection voucher-specimen dna-barcoding coi its phylogenomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics ecological-genomics adaptation local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity canalization evolutionary-developmental-biology evo-devo behavioral-ecology sensory-ecology visual-ecology chemical-ecology mechanoreception proprioception neuroethology hunting-behavior web-building-behavior construction-behavior tool-use extended-phenotype niche-construction ecosystem-engineering trophic-cascade food-web energy-flow nutrient-cycling decomposition predator-prey-dynamics population-dynamics metapopulation source-sink-dynamics habitat-fragmentation edge-effects corridors connectivity landscape-ecology macroecology biogeochemistry climate-envelope species-distribution-modeling maxent bioclim worldclim remote-sensing gis spatial-analysis geostatistics abundance density biomass productivity diversity-index richness evenness dominance rarity endemism beta-diversity gamma-diversity alpha-diversity turnover nestedness community-assembly neutral-theory niche-theory competition facilitation apparent-competition indirect-effects interaction-networks mutualism parasitism predation herbivory detritivory scavenging cannibalism intraspecific-competition interspecific-competition character-displacement resource-partitioning niche-differentiation coexistence stability resilience resistance recovery succession disturbance perturbation extinction colonization invasion establishment spread impact risk-assessment management control eradication restoration reintroduction rewilding conservation-breeding ex-situ in-situ protected-area-network gap-analysis systematic-conservation-planning prioritization hotspot coldspot majority minority flagship umbrella keystone foundation ecosystem-engineer indicator sentinel bioindicator biomonitor ecosystem-health environmental-quality pollution pesticide heavy-metal contaminant bioaccumulation biomagnification toxicology risk hazard exposure dose-response no-observed-effect-concentration lowest-observed-effect-concentration median-lethal-concentration median-effective-concentration safety-factor uncertainty-factor probabilistic-risk-assessment life-cycle-assessment carbon-footprint water-footprint ecological-footprint sustainability sustainable-development green-economy circular-economy ecosystem-services natural-capital green-infrastructure nature-based-solutions ecological-restoration habitat-restoration species-recovery population-recovery genetic-rescue outbreeding-depression inbreeding-depression genetic-diversity heterozygosity effective-population-size bottleneck founder-effect genetic-drift gene-flow isolation-by-distance isolation-by-environment landscape-genetics seascape-genetics conservation-genetics molecular-ecology population-genetics quantitative-genetics genomics epigenetics reaction-norm norm-of-reaction genotype-environment-interaction heritability selection natural-selection sexual-selection artificial-selection domestication breeding cultivar variety landrace wild-relative crop-wild-relative genetic-resource germplasm seed-bank frozen-zoo cryopreservation assisted-reproduction cloning genetic-engineering synthetic-biology gene-drive biocontrol augmentative inundative conservation classical natural-enemy parasitoid pathogen nematode fungus bacterium virus viroid prion microbiome holobiont metaorganism symbiosis endosymbiosis ectosymbiosis amensalism neutralism symbiogenesis horizontal-gene-transfer virulence pathogenicity infectivity transmissibility reservoir vector host definitive-host intermediate-host paratenic-host accidental-host dead-end-host zoonosis emerging-infectious-disease pandemic epidemic endemic sporadic outbreak cluster index-case contact-tracing quarantine isolation social-distancing masking vaccination herd-immunity reproduction-number basic-reproduction-number effective-reproduction-number doubling-time generation-time serial-interval incubation-period latent-period infectious-period clinical-period pre-symptomatic asymptomatic pauci-symptomatic mild moderate severe critical fatal case-fatality-rate infection-fatality-rate attack-rate secondary-attack-rate excess-mortality years-of-life-lost disability-adjusted-life-year quality-adjusted-life-year burden-of-disease global-burden-of-disease one-health planetary-health ecohealth conservation-medicine veterinary-medicine human-medicine comparative-medicine translational-medicine precision-medicine personalized-medicine genomic-medicine regenerative-medicine stem-cell tissue-engineering organoid organ-on-chip microphysiological-system in-silico in-vitro ex-vivo in-vivo animal-model non-human-primate rodent mouse rat guinea-pig rabbit dog cat livestock poultry aquaculture fishery wild-capture mariculture algaculture seaweed-farming integrated-multi-trophic-aquaculture recirculating-aquaculture-system aquaponics hydroponics aeroponics vertical-farming controlled-environment-agriculture precision-agriculture smart-farming digital-agriculture agriculture-4.0 internet-of-things artificial-intelligence machine-learning deep-learning neural-network computer-vision drone unmanned-aerial-vehicle satellite gps gnss geographic-information-system decision-support-system expert-system knowledge-based-system ontology semantic-web linked-data open-data big-data data-mining data-science data-analytics predictive-analytics prescriptive-analytics descriptive-analytics diagnostic-analytics business-intelligence artificial-intelligence-ethics algorithmic-bias fairness accountability transparency explainability interpretability privacy security safety reliability robustness adaptability flexibility scalability efficiency effectiveness efficacy performance profitability cost-benefit cost-effectiveness economic-analysis financial-analysis investment return-on-investment net-present-value internal-rate-of-return payback-period break-even sensitivity-analysis scenario-analysis monte-carlo-simulation decision-tree real-options game-theory behavioral-economics nudge choice-architecture default framing anchoring availability-heuristic representativeness-heuristic affect-heuristic confirmation-bias availability-bias anchoring-bias framing-bias loss-aversion endowment-effect status-quo-bias sunk-cost-fallacy planning-fallacy optimism-bias pessimism-bias overconfidence underconfidence dunning-kruger-effect imposter-syndrome stereotyping prejudice discrimination implicit-bias explicit-bias structural-bias systemic-bias institutional-bias interpersonal-bias intrapersonal-bias unconscious-bias conscious-bias affinity-bias similarity-bias in-group-bias out-group-bias halo-effect horns-effect contrast-effect recency-effect primacy-effect serial-position-effect mere-exposure-effect familiarity-principle propinquity-effect social-proof authority scarcity reciprocity commitment consistency liking unity influence persuasion compliance conformity obedience empowerment agency autonomy self-determination motivation intrinsic-motivation extrinsic-motivation self-efficacy self-esteem self-concept self-identity social-identity collective-identity cultural-identity national-identity gender-identity sexual-orientation religion spirituality values beliefs attitudes norms customs traditions rituals ceremonies celebrations festivals holidays commemorations memorials monuments heritage legacy history historiography archaeology paleontology anthropology sociology psychology cognitive-science neuroscience linguistics philosophy ethics morality justice equity equality inclusion diversity belonging representation participation engagement capacity-building skill-development knowledge-transfer technology-transfer innovation invention discovery creativity imagination curiosity wonder awe beauty elegance simplicity complexity chaos order pattern structure function form process dynamics mechanism causation correlation association relationship interaction connection network system emergence self-organization autopoiesis homeostasis allostasis stress acclimation acclimatization plasticity fragility vulnerability sensitivity uncertainty ignorance surprise novelty serendipity chance luck fortune destiny fate karma dharma tao zen mindfulness meditation contemplation reflection introspection self-awareness consciousness subconscious unconscious dream sleep circadian biological-clock chronobiology seasonality phenology migration dispersal nomadism sedentism home-range habitat-use resource-selection foraging hunting gathering farming herding hunting-gathering subsistence livelihood economy market trade exchange barter currency money capital wealth poverty inequality development growth progress well-being happiness life-satisfaction quality-of-life human-development social-development economic-development millennium-development-goals sustainable-development-goals paris-agreement kyoto-protocol montreal-protocol basel-convention stockholm-convention rotterdam-convention unfccc cbd cms ramsar world-heritage man-and-biosphere ipcc ipbes encyclopedia-of-life wikidata wikimedia creative-commons open-access open-science faire-data research-data-management data-stewardship data-curation digital-preservation long-term-archiving repository archive library museum herbarium collection specimen voucher type holotype paratype syntype lectotype neotype epitype isolectotype isoneotype topotype homotype allotype cotype genotype phenotype ecotype chemotype morphotype karyotype idiogram chromosome genome proteome transcriptome metabolome lipidome glycome interactome connectome epigenome virome mycobiome bacteriome archaeome eukaryome phytobiome rhizobiome endobiome ectobiome exo-biome astrobiome planetary-biome earth-system climate-system ocean-system terrestrial-system freshwater-system atmospheric-system cryospheric-system anthroposphere technosphere noosphere biosphere hydrosphere lithosphere atmosphere magnetosphere heliosphere cosmosphere universe multiverse dimension space time spacetime relativity quantum-mechanics string-theory m-theory loop-quantum-gravity cosmology astronomy astrophysics planetary-science earth-science geology geophysics geochemistry geomorphology soil-science pedology edaphology hydrology limnology oceanography meteorology climatology paleoclimatology stratigraphy sedimentology mineralogy petrology volcanology seismology tectonics plate-tectonics continental-drift orogeny epeirogeny isostasy erosion weathering deposition transport sedimentation lithification diagenesis metamorphism melting crystallization igneous sedimentary metamorphic rock-cycle water-cycle carbon-cycle nitrogen-cycle phosphorus-cycle sulfur-cycle oxygen-cycle hydrogen-cycle biogeochemical-cycle nutrient-cycle trophic-pyramid food-chain ecological-network interaction-web mutualistic-network antagonistic-network competition-network facilitation-network ecosystem-function ecosystem-process provisioning-service regulating-service cultural-service supporting-service habitat-service refuge nursery corridor stepping-stone buffer-zone core-area periphery matrix patch landscape seascape riverscape skyscape soundscape smellscape tastescape touchscape mindscape dreamscape memoryscape heritagescape futurescape possibility-space scenario-space decision-space policy-space governance-space institutional-space social-space cultural-space economic-space political-space legal-space ethical-space moral-space spiritual-space sacred-space profane-space liminal-space transitional-space threshold boundary edge frontier margin center core hinterland heartland homeland motherland fatherland native-land ancestral-land promised-land wilderness pioneer settler colonist immigrant emigrant refugee asylum-seeker displaced-person stateless-person nomad traveler tourist pilgrim explorer adventurer discoverer inventor innovator creator maker builder craftsman artisan artist designer architect engineer scientist scholar academic researcher investigator detective journalist reporter correspondent chronicler historian biographer memoirist autobiographer diarist letter-writer poet novelist playwright screenwriter essayist critic reviewer editor publisher librarian archivist curator conservator restorer preservationist conservationist environmentalist ecologist naturalist botanist zoologist entomologist arachnologist herpetologist ichthyologist ornithologist mammalogist primatologist anthropologist archaeologist paleontologist geologist geographer cartographer surveyor navigator expedition voyage journey travel tour trip visit stay residence habitation dwelling shelter home house building construction architecture design plan blueprint model prototype mock-up draft sketch drawing painting sculpture installation exhibition display presentation demonstration show spectacle event occasion ceremony ritual celebration festival fair bazaar commerce business industry manufacturing production fabrication assembly processing refining purification synthesis analysis separation extraction identification characterization quantification measurement assessment evaluation appraisal valuation estimation calculation computation simulation modeling prediction forecast projection scenario outlook prospect expectation anticipation hope fear worry concern care attention focus concentration awareness perception sensation feeling emotion affect mood temperament personality character disposition attitude opinion belief conviction faith trust confidence reliance dependence independence self-sufficiency self-reliance hardiness toughness strength power force energy vigor vitality life health wellness fitness soundness integrity wholeness completeness perfection excellence quality standard criterion benchmark yardstick measure gauge sign signal symptom mark token symbol image icon emblem logo brand trademark copyright patent intellectual-property proprietary confidential secret classified restricted limited controlled regulated managed governed administered operated maintained sustained supported funded financed resourced staffed equipped furnished supplied provided delivered distributed allocated assigned designated appointed elected selected chosen picked preferred favored liked loved adored cherished treasured valued esteemed respected honored celebrated commemorated remembered recalled recollected reminisced reflected contemplated meditated pondered considered weighed evaluated judged assessed appraised rated ranked graded scored marked pointed noted observed noticed seen viewed looked watched gazed stared glanced peeked peered scanned surveyed examined inspected scrutinized studied investigated researched analyzed synthesized integrated compiled composed written authored penned drafted created produced made built constructed fabricated manufactured assembled put-together set-up established founded instituted organized arranged ordered structured systematized methodized rationalized streamlined optimized improved enhanced upgraded refined polished perfected completed finished concluded ended terminated closed shut sealed locked secured protected guarded defended shielded screened covered hidden concealed masked cloaked veiled shrouded wrapped enveloped surrounded encircled enclosed contained held kept retained preserved conserved saved stored stockpiled hoarded accumulated amassed gathered collected aggregated clustered grouped categorized sorted leveled tiered layered stratified hierarchized pyramided tree web mesh grid array configuration layout scheme program project enterprise venture undertaking endeavor effort attempt try test trial experiment investigation inquiry query question problem issue matter subject topic theme motif leitmotif thread strand line sequence series progression continuation extension expansion enlargement evolution change transformation conversion transition shift alteration modification adjustment accommodation reconciliation harmonization synchronization coordination integration unification combination merger fusion blend mixture compound composite alloy amalgam incorporation assimilation absorption digestion metabolism catabolism anabolism equilibrium balance steadiness constancy permanence endurance persistence continuity duration longevity lifespan lifetime existence being entity object thing item article piece part portion segment section division component element constituent ingredient factor aspect facet feature characteristic property attribute trait indication evidence proof verification validation confirmation corroboration substantiation authentication certification accreditation licensing permitting authorizing empowering enabling allowing letting tolerating accepting receiving taking getting obtaining acquiring gaining earning winning achieving attaining reaching arriving coming approaching nearing closing converging meeting joining connecting linking binding tying fastening attaching affixing appending adding supplementing complementing completing finishing perfecting consummating fulfilling satisfying gratifying pleasing delighting enjoying relishing savoring appreciating valuing prizing treasuring cherishing nurturing cultivating fostering promoting advancing furthering encouraging supporting backing assisting aiding helping serving attending tending caring nursing healing curing treating remedying correcting rectifying repairing fixing mending restoring renewing reviving resuscitating reanimating reawakening rekindling reigniting relaunching restarting rebooting refreshing rejuvenating reinvigorating reenergizing recharging refueling replenishing restocking replacing substituting exchanging swapping trading bartering negotiating bargaining dealing transacting contracting agreeing consenting approving endorsing sanctioning ratifying confirming validating authenticating verifying checking testing examining inspecting reviewing auditing monitoring supervising overseeing managing directing leading guiding steering piloting navigating driving propelling pushing pulling dragging hauling towing carrying bearing transporting conveying transmitting sending dispatching shipping delivering distributing disseminating spreading broadcasting publishing issuing releasing launching introducing presenting showing exhibiting displaying demonstrating illustrating exemplifying typifying representing symbolizing signifying meaning denoting connoting implying suggesting indicating pointing referring alluding hinting intimating insinuating inferring deducing concluding reasoning thinking cogitating cerebrating pondering musing reflecting contemplating meditating concentrating focusing listening hearing heeding noting noticing observing watching looking seeing viewing regarding considering weighing evaluating assessing judging appraising estimating guessing speculating hypothesizing theorizing postulating proposing recommending advising counseling consulting conferring discussing debating arguing disputing contesting challenging opposing resisting defying confronting facing encountering experiencing undergoing suffering enduring withstanding surviving living existing subsisting persisting persevering continuing remaining staying abiding residing inhabiting occupying possessing owning holding keeping retaining maintaining preserving conserving protecting guarding defending securing sheltering harboring entertaining welcoming greeting saluting hailing acclaiming applauding praising commending lauding extolling celebrating honoring glorifying exalting magnifying amplifying enlarging expanding extending stretching diffusing dispersing scattering allocating assigning allotting apportioning dividing partitioning separating detaching disconnecting disjoining disuniting dissociating disengaging withdrawing retreating receding retrograding reversing inverting turning rotating revolving spinning twirling whirling swirling circling orbiting looping coiling winding twisting bending curving arching vaulting bridging spanning crossing traversing passing moving going traveling journeying voyaging sailing flying gliding soaring hovering floating drifting flowing streaming pouring rushing gushing spurting spraying splashing splattering spattering uniting combining merging fusing blending mixing mingling intermingling intermixing integrating incorporating assimilating absorbing digesting metabolizing transforming converting transmuting transfiguring metamorphosing evolving developing growing maturing ripening aging declining deteriorating degenerating decaying rotting decomposing disintegrating crumbling collapsing falling failing dying perishing expiring departing leaving exiting retiring resigning abdicating relinquishing surrendering yielding submitting succumbing capitulating acquiescing complying conforming adapting adjusting accommodating reconciling harmonizing synchronizing coordinating unifying standardizing normalizing regularizing systematizing methodizing rationalizing streamlining simplifying clarifying elucidating explaining interpreting translating rendering paraphrasing summarizing abstracting condensing compressing shrinking reducing decreasing diminishing lessening lowering dropping descending sinking submerging diving plunging plummeting crashing colliding impacting hitting striking knocking tapping patting touching sensing perceiving detecting discovering finding locating positioning placing putting setting laying standing sitting lying resting relaxing reposing sleeping dreaming imagining fantasizing daydreaming woolgathering praying worshiping revering venerating adoring loving nourishing feeding eating drinking consuming ingesting energizing powering fueling motivating inspiring stimulating exciting arousing awakening alerting warning cautioning informing notifying telling reporting announcing declaring stating asserting claiming contending proving revealing disclosing exposing uncovering unmasking unveiling opening unlocking unsealing unfastening untying unbinding unwrapping unpacking unloading emptying clearing cleaning washing bathing showering rinsing soaking steeping immersing drowning suffocating choking strangling throttling squeezing pressing centering aiming targeting zeroing aligning tuning calibrating balancing leveling equalizing stabilizing steady mooring docking landing touching-down alighting perching roosting nesting denning burrowing tunneling digging excavating mining quarrying extracting removing eliminating eradicating exterminating destroying demolishing ruining wrecking damaging harming injuring hurting wounding maiming crippling laming disabling incapacitating paralyzing stunning shocking surprising astonishing amazing astounding staggering stupefying dazing bewildering confusing puzzling perplexing baffling mystifying enigmatic cryptic obscure abstruse recondite esoteric arcane occult mysterious unknown unfamiliar strange odd peculiar curious queer weird bizarre fantastic extraordinary remarkable notable noteworthy significant important momentous consequential weighty grave serious crucial vital essential necessary required needed wanted desired wished hoped expected anticipated awaited looked-for searched-for sought hunted pursued chased tracked trailed followed shadowed stalked crept crawled climbed scaled ascended mounted rose lifted elevated raised hoisted heaved hauled pulled tugged dragged drawn attracted lured enticed tempted seduced charmed enchanted fascinated captivated engrossed absorbed immersed involved engaged occupied busy active energetic dynamic vigorous forceful powerful strong mighty potent effective efficient productive fruitful fertile fecund prolific abundant plentiful ample sufficient adequate enough satisfactory acceptable tolerable bearable endurable sustainable maintainable manageable controllable governable rule govern reign dominate command direct lead guide steer pilot navigate drive propel push thrust shove press squeeze compress condense concentrate aim point target zero align adjust tune calibrate level equalize standardize normalize stabilize fix secure anchor moor dock land touch-down alight perch roost nest den burrow tunnel dig excavate mine quarry extract remove eliminate eradicate exterminate destroy demolish ruin wreck damage harm injure hurt wound maim cripple lame disable incapacitate paralyze stun shock astonish amaze astound stagger stupefy daze bewilder confuse puzzle perplex baffle mystify enigma
Eustala emertoni
Eustala emertoni is an orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1904. The species is distributed across the United States and Mexico. As a member of the genus Eustala, it constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs typical of araneid spiders. Specific details regarding its ecology, behavior, and distinguishing characteristics remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
orb-weaver araneid Nearctic Neotropical
Eustictus pusillus
Eustictus pusillus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is a small hemipteran insect found in the southwestern United States. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The species was described by Uhler in 1887 from specimens collected in Arizona.
Miridae Hemiptera plant-bug Arizona Nearctic Uhler-1887
Euxoa nomas
Euxoa nomas is a noctuid moth species described by Nikolay Grigoryevich Erschoff in 1874. The species has a disjunct distribution spanning western Asia (Iran and Turkestan) and northwestern North America (Alaska and Canada). Between 1987 and 2010, populations were treated as two separate subspecies—E. n. nomas in Asia and E. n. incognita in North America—though these subspecific designations have since been revised. The species belongs to the large and diverse genus Euxoa, commonly known as darts, which includes numerous agricultural pest species.
Noctuidae Euxoa moth disjunct-distribution Beringian Palearctic Nearctic
Evacanthus chlamidatus
Evacanthus chlamidatus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1983. It belongs to the subfamily Evacanthinae, a group characterized by distinctive morphological features including enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The species has been documented in North Carolina, USA, with limited observational records available.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Evacanthinae Nearctic North-Carolina
Excultanus
Excultanus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Oman in 1949. The genus contains approximately eight described species distributed in the Nearctic region. Species in this genus are classified within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Scaphoideini, and subtribe Phlepsiina. The type species, Excultanus excultus, was originally described by Uhler in 1877.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Nearctic Auchenorrhyncha
Exomalopsis
Exomalopsis is a genus of solitary bees in the family Apidae, tribe Exomalopsini, comprising nearly 90 described species with many more undescribed. These bees are restricted to the Western Hemisphere, occurring in both Neotropical and Nearctic realms. Species nest communally in soil, excavating deep tunnels with branching underground pathways leading to individual brood cells. The genus is notable for its complex associations with kleptoparasitic cuckoo bees and parasitoid wasps.
bees solitary-bees soil-nesting kleptoparasitism mutillid-parasitoids Western-Hemisphere Neotropical Nearctic Apidae Exomalopsini
Falagria sulcata
Falagria sulcata is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, distributed across Europe, Asia, and North America. The species has been introduced to Canada and the United States, with records from multiple provinces and states. GBIF lists it as a synonym of Falagria caesa, though sources vary in their taxonomic treatment. As a member of the tribe Falagriini, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized aleocharine rove beetles.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Falagriini introduced-species Palaearctic Nearctic
Fannia fuscula
Fannia fuscula is a species of lesser house fly in the family Fanniidae. It is a small, grayish fly distributed across northern Europe and parts of North America. The species belongs to a genus commonly associated with decaying organic matter and synanthropic environments. Like other Fannia species, it is often found in and around human structures.
synanthropic decomposer nuisance-pest Palearctic Nearctic
Feron
oak gall wasps
Feron is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, established by Alfred Kinsey in 1937 and re-established in 2023. These wasps induce galls on oak trees (Quercus species) and are primarily distributed in the Nearctic region. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with some species previously placed in Feron now classified under Andricus. Members of this genus are part of the diverse community of gall-forming insects associated with oaks.
gall-wasp oak-gall cynipid Nearctic plant-insect-interaction Kinsey
Fissicrambus minuellus
Fissicrambus minuellus is a species of grass moth in the family Crambidae, described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is distributed across the Caribbean and southeastern United States, with records from Honduras, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Florida. As a member of the subfamily Crambinae, it likely exhibits the slender body form and grass-associated habits characteristic of this group.
Crambidae Crambinae grass-moth Caribbean Florida Walker-1863 Neotropical Nearctic
Flaviellus
Flaviellus is a genus of scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described by Gordon and Skelley in 2007. It belongs to the tribe Aphodiini and subtribe Aphodiina. As a relatively recently described genus, it is part of the diverse group of dung beetles and their relatives within the scarab superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The genus is recognized as valid and accepted in current taxonomic databases.
dung-beetle scarab-beetle aphodiine Nearctic
Flaviellus subtruncatus
Flaviellus subtruncatus is a species of scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae. It is a dung beetle native to western North America. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1878. It is one of few species in the small genus Flaviellus, which is distinguished from related aphodiine genera by subtle morphological characters.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae dung-beetle Nearctic western-North-America LeConte-1878
Flexamia areolata
Flexamia areolata is a leafhopper species first described by Ball in 1899. It belongs to the genus Flexamia within the family Cicadellidae, a group known for their plant-specific host associations. The species has been recorded from multiple eastern and central United States locations. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be associated with specific grass host plants, though detailed ecological studies for this particular species appear limited.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Paralimnini grass-associated Nearctic Ball-1899
Floridonus
Floridonus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Platymetopiini. It was established by Oman in 1949. The genus is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna of the Americas, with species recorded primarily from the southern United States and Mexico. Like other deltocephaline leafhoppers, members of this genus are likely associated with herbaceous vegetation.
leafhopper Deltocephalinae Platymetopiini Nearctic Neotropical
Fomoria pteliaeella
Wafer Ash Leafminer Moth
Fomoria pteliaeella is a minute nepticulid moth native to the eastern United States. Adults are active during summer months with two generations per year. The species is a specialist leafminer, with larvae feeding exclusively on Ptelea trifoliata (wafer ash). Larval mines are initially contorted and indistinct, becoming more visible as they develop.
leafminer specialist Nepticulidae Nearctic
Forcipata unica
Forcipata unica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1998. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group commonly known as typhlocybine leafhoppers. The species is known from Wisconsin, USA. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, plant-feeding insect.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Typhlocybinae Nearctic Wisconsin 1998-description
Formicoxenus
Guest Ants
Formicoxenus is a genus of myrmicine ants comprising seven described species. All members are obligate xenobionts (guest ants) that live within nests of host ant species, primarily in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. The genus is notable for repeated evolution of social parasitism and is closely related to Leptothorax and Harpagoxenus within the Formicoxenus genus-group. Species exhibit specialized behavioral and chemical adaptations for integration into host colonies.
social-parasitism xenobiosis myrmecophily chemical-mimicry worker-polymorphism Nearctic Palearctic woodland Formicidae Myrmicinae
Fossocarus
Fossocarus is a monotypic genus of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Melolonthinae. The genus contains a single described species, F. creoleorum. It belongs to the tribe Melolonthini, commonly known as May beetles or Junebugs. The genus was established by Howden in 1961.
Scarabaeidae Melolonthinae Melolonthini Nearctic monotypic-genus
Fulvius slateri
Fulvius slateri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Wheeler in 1977. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning temperate eastern North America and Central America.
Miridae plant-bug Nearctic Central-America
Gabrius astutoides
Gabrius astutoides is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Staphylininae. Originally described from Europe in 1946, it has established populations in eastern North America through human introduction. The species belongs to the diverse genus Gabrius, which contains numerous similar-looking species requiring careful examination for identification.
introduced-species invasive rove-beetle Staphylinidae Palearctic Nearctic Canada USA Europe Philonthina
Ganyra josephina
Giant White
Ganyra josephina, commonly known as the giant white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is one of the larger species in its family, with a wingspan reaching up to 96 mm. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation across its broad range, with five recognized subspecies distributed from the southern United States through the Caribbean and Central America to northern South America. Adults are primarily active in late summer and autumn in the northern parts of their range.
Pieridae white-butterfly Neotropical Nearctic subtropical Capparidaceae-feeder
Gastrodynerus
Gastrodynerus is a genus of potter wasps described by Bohart in 1984. It comprises four recognized species, all occurring in Mexico, with one species (G. vanduzeei) also extending into the southwestern United States. The genus belongs to the family Eumenidae and is restricted to the southwestern Nearctic region.
potter-wasps Nearctic Mexico southwestern-United-States Bohart-1984
Gastrops
shore flies
Gastrops is a genus of shore flies in the family Ephydridae, established by Williston in 1897. The genus contains approximately eight described species distributed across the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Members of this genus are associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats typical of ephydrid flies.
shore-flies aquatic-insects Diptera Ephydridae Neotropical Nearctic
Gelae
round fungus beetles
Gelae is a genus of round fungus beetles in the family Leiodidae, established in 2004 to accommodate species previously placed in Agathidium. The genus contains eight species distributed across Central and North America, ranging from Canada to Panama. Species are small, dome-shaped beetles that feed on slime moulds. The genus name derives from Latin gelatus ("congealed" or "jellied"), referencing both their habitat and pronunciation like "jelly". Five species described in 2004 received whimsical names based on wordplay: G. baen, G. belae, G. donut, G. fish, and G. rol.
slime-mould-feeder round-fungus-beetle Nearctic Neotropical mountain-fauna
Genistogethes carinulatus
Genistogethes carinulatus is a small beetle in the family Nitidulidae, the sap beetles. The genus Genistogethes is associated with leguminous plants, particularly brooms (Genista and related genera). This species was described by Forster in 1849 and has been recorded from Europe and western North America. The specific epithet 'carinulatus' refers to small keel-like structures, likely describing surface sculpturing on the body.
Nitidulidae sap-beetle legume-associate Palearctic Nearctic
Genuchinus ineptus
Genuchinus ineptus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle described by Horn in 1885. The species belongs to the tribe Cremastocheilini, a group known for associations with ants. Records indicate it occurs in Arizona, USA.
myrmecophilous Cremastocheilini Cetoniinae Scarabaeidae Nearctic
Geodromicus plagiatus
Geodromicus plagiatus is a rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) first described by Fabricius in 1798. It belongs to the plagiatus species group, one of several species groups within the genus defined by male genitalia morphology. The species has a broad Palaearctic distribution and has been recently recorded from previously unreported regions including Albania, Cataluña (Spain), Moldova, Georgia, Uzbekistan, and extensive areas of Russia.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Omaliinae Anthophagini Palaearctic Nearctic Fabricius-1798 plagiatus-species-group
Geomyphilus insolitus
Geomyphilus insolitus is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae. The species was described by Brown in 1928. It belongs to a genus associated with pocket gopher (Geomys spp.) burrows, suggesting a commensal or symbiotic relationship with these fossorial rodents. The species is known from multiple states in the central United States.
Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae dung-beetle pocket-gopher-associate Nearctic fossorial-rodent-symbiont
Geopsammodius fuscus
Geopsammodius fuscus is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, described by Skelley in 2006. It belongs to the subfamily Aphodiinae and tribe Psammodiini, a group commonly known as psammophilic or sand-dwelling dung beetles. The species is known from limited records in Florida, USA.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae dung-beetle psammophilic Florida-endemic Nearctic 2006-description data-deficient
Geopsammodius hydropicus
Atlantic dune tiny sand-loving scarab
Geopsammodius hydropicus is a small dung beetle species in the subfamily Aphodiinae, commonly known as the Atlantic dune tiny sand-loving scarab. The species is associated with sandy coastal habitats in the southeastern United States. It belongs to a genus whose members are specialized for life in sandy substrates.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae dung-beetle sand-specialist Nearctic southeastern-USA coastal-dunes
Geopsammodius unsidensis
Geopsammodius unsidensis is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It was described by Skelley in 2006. The species is known from North America, with records from Texas. As a member of the tribe Psammodiini, it is associated with sandy habitats.
dung-beetle Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae Psammodiini sand-dwelling Nearctic Texas 2006-description
Geostiba
Geostiba is a genus of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Aleocharinae, tribe Geostibini. The genus contains over 250 described species distributed across Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. Many species are placed in subgenera including Sibiota, Tropogastrosipalia, Sipalotricha, and Typhlusida. Species are predominantly found in temperate regions, with significant diversity in the Caucasus, Mediterranean, and Appalachian Mountains. Several species have been documented as predators of tick nymphs in soil ecosystems.
rove-beetle aleocharine soil-predator tick-predator Staphylinidae Coleoptera Sibiota Nearctic Palearctic Caucasus Appalachians montane forest-litter biological-control Ixodes-ricinus stable-isotope-labeling
Geotrupes hornii
Horn's earth-boring beetle
Geotrupes hornii is a species of earth-boring scarab beetle in the family Geotrupidae. It is found in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Adults are most commonly observed between June and September, with peak activity in August. The species belongs to a group of beetles known for burrowing behavior and association with soil and organic matter.
Geotrupidae earth-boring-beetle scarab-beetle Nearctic North-America soil-dwelling burrowing-beetle
Germarostes
pill scarab beetles
Germarostes is a genus of pill scarab beetles in the family Hybosoridae, established by Paulian in 1982. The genus contains at least 70 described species, making it one of the more diverse genera within its family. Members are found primarily in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Pill scarab beetles derive their common name from their ability to conglobate, or roll into a ball shape.
pill-scarab-beetles conglobation Neotropical Nearctic
Germarostes globosus
pill scarab beetle
Germarostes globosus is a species of pill scarab beetle in the family Hybosoridae. It was originally described as Trox globosus by Thomas Say in 1835. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from the United States through Mexico to Central and South America.
pill-scarab-beetle Hybosoridae Coleoptera Nearctic Neotropical Thomas-Say 1835 Trox-globosus
Gillmeria albertae
Alberta Pale Plume Moth
Gillmeria albertae is a plume moth (family Pterophoridae) endemic to the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Adults are small white moths with distinctive brownish-grey markings on the forewings and light brownish-grey hindwings. The species was first described in 1921 and is among the more geographically restricted members of its genus.
endemic montane plume-moth Nearctic Alberta Rocky-Mountains
Gimnomera cerea
Gimnomera cerea is a Nearctic dung fly (family Scathophagidae) with a highly specialized life history tied to its host plant, Pedicularis canadensis. The species has a single annual generation synchronized to the flowering phenology of this hemiparasitic plant. Larvae are herbivorous, feeding on ovules and capsules, while adults of both sexes are predaceous on small insects. The species undergoes protracted diapause in soil puparia, an adaptation likely linked to the ephemeral availability of host plant reproductive tissues.
Diptera Scathophagidae Scathophaginae specialist-herbivore predatory-adult protracted-diapause univoltine Pedicularis plant-insect-interaction Nearctic
Glaresis inducta
Glaresis inducta is a small scarab beetle in the family Glaresidae, a group sometimes called "enigmatic scarab beetles" due to their uncertain phylogenetic placement. The species was described by Horn in 1885 and is known from western and central North America, with records spanning from the southwestern United States through the Great Plains and into the upper Midwest. Glaresidae are among the smallest scarab beetles and are rarely encountered due to their cryptic habits and small size.
scarab-beetle Glaresidae Nearctic soil-dwelling cryptic
Glaucolepis saccharella
Glaucolepis saccharella is a minute moth in the family Nepticulidae, one of the smallest moth families by body size. The species was originally described as Nepticula saccharella by Braun in 1912 and later transferred to Glaucolepis. It belongs to a genus of leaf-mining moths whose larvae feed internally on plant tissue. The species has been documented in the eastern United States.
leaf-miner microlepidoptera Nepticulidae Nearctic genitalia-identification