Florida
Guides
Polistes bahamensis
Bahamian Paper Wasp
Polistes bahamensis is a large, colorful paper wasp native to the Bahamas, with populations also established in Florida, Louisiana, and coastal areas of the southeastern United States. First described in 1931, this species has undergone extensive taxonomic revision, having been treated as varieties of P. exclamans before being re-elevated to full species status in 1983. It builds characteristic umbrella-shaped paper nests suspended by a stalk, typically under building eaves or palm fronds. The species is notable for its taxonomic complexity, with three originally described color varieties based on geographic distribution within the Bahamas.
Polyphylla pubescens
Eglin Uplands Scarab Beetle
Polyphylla pubescens is a rare, endemic scarab beetle restricted to the upland habitats of Eglin Air Force Base and adjacent inland areas in the Florida panhandle. Adults are moderately sized for the genus, with males measuring 17.5–19 mm and females slightly larger at 19–20 mm. The species is distinguished from congeners by a strong lateral elytral margin that extends to the base. Like other members of the genus Polyphylla, males possess greatly enlarged, fan-like antennae used to detect female sex pheromones, while females are likely flightless and remain buried in sandy substrates. The species is part of the pubescens species group within Polyphylla.
Polyphylla starkae
Auburndale Scrub Scarab Beetle
Polyphylla starkae is a large scarab beetle endemic to Florida's Lake Wales Ridge, where it inhabits specialized scrub habitat. The species belongs to the pubescens species complex and exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: females are flightless with reddish-brown, fused elytra, while males are capable of flight and possess dark elytra with patchy light brown setae. The specific epithet honors collector Donna Stark, and the common name references Auburndale, Florida, near its restricted range.
Ponana sparsa
Ponana sparsa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Iassinae, described by DeLong in 1942. The species belongs to the diverse genus Ponana within the tribe Gyponini. Records indicate occurrence in Florida, with 58 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Prepops cruciferus
Prepops cruciferus is a plant bug in the family Miridae native to the Neotropics. It was first described from Argentina in 1878 and has been documented across South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species was newly discovered in the United States (Florida) in the late 20th century, representing a northward range expansion. It is associated with vegetation and has documented host plant relationships.
Proserpinus gaurae
proud sphinx moth, Proud Sphinx
Proserpinus gaurae is a medium-sized sphinx moth with distinctive orange and chestnut coloration. Adults are active primarily from April through August, with one or two generations per year. The species is notable for having the longest labial palps of any Proserpinus species. Larvae feed on evening primrose relatives and pupate in shallow soil burrows to overwinter.
SphingidaeMacroglossinaeMacroglossiniProserpinusproud-sphinx-mothProud-SphinxNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesMexicoevening-primroseOnagraceaeOenotheraGauraEpilobiumnocturnalspringsummerAprilMayJuneJulyAugust1797SmithSphinx-gauraemedium-sizedorangechestnutreddishwhiteblacklabial-palpssinuateforewinghindwingshallow-burrowoverwinterpupalarvaherbivorelepidopteristrearcollectprairiemeadowdisturbedopen-habitatTexasLouisianaFloridaAlabamaMissouriGeorgiaSouth-Carolinanorthern-MexicoProtalebrella conica
Protalebrella conica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, and tribe Alebrini. It was described by Ruppel and DeLong in 1953. The species belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for their piercing-sucking mouthparts and association with vascular plant tissues. Like other typhlocybine leafhoppers, it likely feeds on phloem sap.
Pseudacysta perseae
Avocado Lace Bug
Pseudacysta perseae is a lace bug in the family Tingidae, originally described by Heidemann in 1908. It is a significant foliar pest of avocado (Persea americana), causing characteristic damage to leaves. The species has undergone substantial range expansion from its original Caribbean distribution to include Mexico, the southern United States, and Central America. It has been introduced to California, where population genetic studies indicate at least two separate invasion events. The species passes through four nymphal instars and exhibits sexual dimorphism in antennal coloration, with adult males having a substantially darker fourth antennal segment.
Pseudomyrmex gracilis
graceful twig ant, Mexican twig ant, slender twig ant, elongated twig ant
Pseudomyrmex gracilis is a large, slender ant species characterized by wasp-like appearance and rapid, frenetic movement. Workers measure 8–10 mm and display distinctive bi-coloration: dark head and gaster contrasting with dull orange antennae, mouthparts, thorax, and legs. The species is native to Mexico and arid regions of the southern United States, with introduced populations established in Florida and Hawaii. It has been documented as an invasive species in the Florida Keys, where it impacts native ecosystems.
Pyrausta cardinalis
Pyrausta cardinalis is a small crambid moth described by Achille Guenée in 1854. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 12 mm. The species is restricted to the Caribbean region and southern Florida. Adults have been documented in March in Florida.
Rabela tabebuiae
Rabela tabebuiae is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by Dozier in 1927. The species epithet suggests an association with Tabebuia, a genus of flowering trees in the family Bignoniaceae. Records indicate it occurs in Florida and the Caribbean.
Rhagio floridensis
Rhagio floridensis is a species of snipe fly in the family Rhagionidae, described by Chillcott in 1965. It is distinguished from other eastern Nearctic Rhagio species by its yellow thorax and distinctively patterned wings. The species is known from Florida and Georgia.
Rotundifronta lutea
Rotundifronta lutea is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Beamer in 1950. It belongs to a genus of small delphacid planthoppers characterized by rounded frontoclypeal structures. The species epithet "lutea" (meaning yellow) likely refers to coloration. Like other delphacids, it is associated with grasses and sedges in wetland habitats.
Salpingogaster punctifrons
Rusty-tailed Spittlebug-killer
Salpingogaster punctifrons is a rare and elusive syrphid fly known from limited observations in Florida. The species exhibits Batesian mimicry of mud dauber wasps, with distinctive elongated abdominal morphology that sets it apart from typical hoverflies. Its common name references predatory behavior toward spittlebug nymphs.
Scaphomorphus collaris
Scaphomorphus collaris is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Lixinae. The genus Scaphomorphus comprises lixine weevils, with several species exhibiting endemic distributions in Florida. Members of this genus are associated with specific host plants, including lupines.
Scaphomorphus subcylindricus
Scaphomorphus subcylindricus is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is endemic to Florida, where it has been collected in dry oak/pine sandhill woodland habitats. The species is associated with the endemic plant Lupinis ocalensis (Ocala lupine), on whose foliage it has been observed. The species was documented during field surveys in the Citrus Wildlife Management Area of Withlacoochee State Forest.
Scelio floridanus
Scelio floridanus is a parasitoid wasp species first described by Ashmead in 1893. It belongs to the genus Scelio within the family Platygastridae (formerly treated as Scelionidae). The species is native to Florida, as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of Scelio, it is presumed to be an egg parasitoid of orthopteran hosts, though specific host records for this species are not well documented in available sources.
Schinia arefacta
arefacta flower moth
Schinia arefacta, the arefacta flower moth, is a noctuid moth endemic to Florida and Georgia. It belongs to a large genus of flower moths known for their colorful appearance and close association with host plant flowers. The species was described by H. Edwards in 1885. Like other members of the genus Schinia, adults likely visit flowers for nectar and rest on their host plants.
Schinia fulleri
Fuller's flower moth
Schinia fulleri is a small noctuid moth endemic to central Florida, described by McElvare in 1961. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 23 mm. The species is univoltine, with one generation per year. Larvae are specialist feeders on Balduina angustifolia, a member of the sunflower family.
Schinia subspinosae
Schinia subspinosae is a noctuid moth described by David F. Hardwick in 1996. The species is known from North America with records suggesting a distribution centered on or limited to Florida. As a member of the genus Schinia, it belongs to a diverse group of flower moths whose adults frequently rest on and feed from the blossoms of their larval host plants.
Scolopendra viridis
Florida Blue Centipede, Green Centipede
Scolopendra viridis is a medium-sized centipede in the family Scolopendridae, commonly known as the Florida Blue Centipede. It is one of 21 native North American species in the order Scolopendromorpha. The species has been documented as prey for the pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius), indicating its role in food webs of the southeastern United States.
Selenisa sueroides
pale-edged selenisa, legume caterpillar
Selenisa sueroides is a noctuid moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Guenée in 1852. The species is known from North America, with notable populations in Florida. Larvae have been documented causing damage to agricultural irrigation infrastructure by chewing through plastic microtubing. The species serves as host to multiple parasitoid species.
Selenops submaculosus
flatty
Selenops submaculosus is a species of wall crab spider in the family Selenopidae, commonly known as a "flatty." It exhibits the characteristic extremely flattened body and laterigrade leg posture typical of the family. The species occurs in the southeastern United States, the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands. Like other selenopids, it is nocturnal and typically found on vertical surfaces.
Selonodon floridensis
Selonodon floridensis is a click beetle species in the family Cebrionidae, described by Galley in 1999 from Florida. It is one of 17 new species described from the southern United States in a comprehensive revision of the genus Selonodon, which recognized 25 species total. The genus belongs to the click beetle superfamily Elateroidea and exhibits a trend of phyletic size increase across its range.
Sephina gundlachii
giant milkweed bug
Sephina gundlachii, commonly known as the giant milkweed bug, is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. It is native to the Caribbean and has been documented in North America, particularly Florida. The species is associated with milkweed plants (Asclepias), though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Sigela
False Pug Moths
Sigela is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, commonly known as False Pug Moths. The genus was erected by George Duryea Hulst in 1896 and was previously classified in the subfamily Acontiinae of the family Noctuidae. It currently contains approximately 16 described species distributed across North, Central, and South America, with notable diversity in Florida and Panama.
Sigela penumbrata
Stippled Sigela Moth
Sigela penumbrata, commonly known as the stippled sigela moth, is a small moth species in the family Erebidae. It is native to North America, with documented occurrences in Tennessee and Florida. The species was described by Hulst in 1896.
Siproeta
Malachite and Pages, Malachite
Siproeta is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) comprising three recognized species found in the Neotropical region. The genus includes the well-known Malachite butterfly (Siproeta stelenes), named for its striking green coloration resembling the mineral malachite. These butterflies occur from Central America through South America, with some species extending into the Caribbean and occasionally reaching extreme southern Florida and Texas. Adults are long-lived and exhibit distinctive behaviors including hilltopping aggregations for mating.
Slossonella
Slossonella is a genus of slug caterpillar moths (family Limacodidae) described by Harrison Gray Dyar in 1904. The genus contains species formerly placed in Hypargyria, including Slossonella slossonella (formerly Hypargyria slossonella), a snout moth known from Florida and Mexico. Species in this genus have multiple generations annually and are associated with specific host plants.
Somatochlora calverti
Calvert's Emerald, Andre Flies
Somatochlora calverti is a rare, range-restricted dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, primarily known from the Florida panhandle with scattered records in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The species is a habitat specialist associated with shallow seepage streams and steephead ravines. Its nymph has never been collected in the field, and its reproductive microhabitat remains speculative based on analogy to sympatric congeners.
Sphecius hogardii
Caribbean cicada killer, Caribbean Cicada-killer Wasp
Sphecius hogardii, commonly known as the Caribbean cicada killer, is a large solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is one of four North American species in the genus Sphecius, all of which specialize in hunting cicadas to provision underground nests. The species is found in the Caribbean region and extends into southern Florida. Like other cicada killers, females paralyze cicadas with venom and transport them to burrow cells as food for their developing larvae.
Stemmatomerinx
Stemmatomerinx is a genus of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) established by Ferris in 1950. The genus includes Stemmatomerinx adenticulata, which was first discovered in Florida in 2010 and represents one of 13 mealybug species introduced to the state since 1998. As a member of the Pseudococcidae family, species in this genus are soft-bodied scale insects covered with white, powdery wax.
Stictocephala diminuta
Stictocephala diminuta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal expansions. This species appears to have a limited documented distribution in the southeastern United States, with records from Florida and North Carolina. As with many membracids, detailed natural history information for this species remains sparse in the available literature.
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
MembracidaetreehopperAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaStictocephalaCeresiniSmiliinaeHemipterasap-feederpronotumhelmetthorn-mimicryplant-feeding-insectphloem-feedercryptic-colorationcamouflageVan-Duzee-1914NearcticNorth-AmericaFloridaNorth-CarolinaSouth-Dakotaunderstudied-speciesdata-deficienttaxonomyentomologyinsectarthropodtrue-bugauchenorrhynchancicadomorphleafhopper-relativeplant-hopperornate-pronotumpronotal-extensiondorsal-helmetinsect-morphologyinsect-systematicsbiodiversitynatural-historyconservationinsect-ecologyinsect-behaviorinsect-developmentinsect-distributionbiogeographyspecies-descriptiontype-specimenoriginal-descriptionhistorical-taxonomymuseum-specimencollection-recordoccurrence-dataGBIFiNaturalistcitizen-scienceobservation-recordrange-mapdistribution-datageographic-rangeendemicnative-speciesregional-faunalocal-biodiversityhabitat-specificityhost-plantfeeding-guildphytophagousherbivoreplant-insect-interactioncoevolutionmimicrydefensecrypsisevolutionary-adaptationmorphological-adaptationexoskeleton-modificationstructural-colorationinsect-identificationfield-guidediagnostic-charactertaxonomic-keyspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphological-variationgeographic-variationphenotypic-plasticitylife-historyreproductionovipositionnymphinstarmetamorphosishemimetabolousincomplete-metamorphosispopulation-dynamicscommunity-ecologyfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerecosystem-functionnutrient-cyclingenergy-flowbiological-controlpest-statusagricultural-relevanceforestryurban-ecologyinvasive-potentialclimate-changehabitat-lossconservation-statusdata-gapresearch-needtaxonomic-revisionphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingintegrative-taxonomynatural-history-collectionspecimen-digitizationopen-dataFAIR-databiodiversity-informaticsbiological-databasetaxonomic-authoritynomenclaturezoological-nomenclatureInternational-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclaturetype-localitytype-specimen-depositionauthor-citationoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationsynonymyhomonymynomenclatural-acttaxonomic-historyclassification-systemphylogenetic-classificationevolutionary-relationshipsmonophylycladelineagestem-groupcrown-groupdivergence-timemolecular-clockfossil-recordpaleontologyextantextinctliving-fossilevolutionary-historybiogeographic-historydispersalvicariancerange-expansionrange-contractionrefugiumglacial-relictpostglacial-colonizationanthropogenic-impacthuman-disturbanceland-use-changeurbanizationagricultural-intensificationpesticide-usehabitat-fragmentationconnectivitycorridorprotected-areaconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningpriority-areahotspotendemic-areacenter-of-origincenter-of-diversityevolutionary-significant-unitmanagement-unitpopulationmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsdemographyvital-ratessurvivalfecunditygeneration-timepopulation-growth-ratecarrying-capacitydensity-dependenceregulationlimiting-factorenvironmental-stochasticitydemographic-stochasticitygenetic-stochasticityinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnesseffective-population-sizegenetic-driftgene-flowmigrationisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-resistancelandscape-geneticspopulation-genomicsphylogeographyhistorical-demographycoalescent-theoryapproximate-Bayesian-computationspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelhabitat-suitabilitybioclimatic-envelopeclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-interactiontrophic-cascadetop-down-controlbottom-up-controlmesopredator-releasekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharacteristic-speciesindicator-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciessurrogate-speciesfocal-speciestarget-speciespest-speciesinvasive-speciesnaturalized-speciesalien-speciesnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciescryptogenic-speciesrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftphenological-shifttemporal-mismatchtrophic-mismatchphenologyseasonalityvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinepartial-generationprolonged-diapauseaestivationhibernationoverwinteringoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantthermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationmicroclimate-selectionhabitat-selectionoviposition-site-selectionhost-selectionmate-choicesexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationspeciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationreinforcementhybridizationintrogressionhybrid-zoneclineecotonecontact-zonesecondary-contactexogenous-selectionendogenous-selectionecological-speciationmutation-order-speciationsexual-conflictsexual-dimorphismsexual-size-dimorphismsexual-dichromatismpolymorphismcolor-polymorphismmorphphasegregarious-phasesolitary-phasedensity-dependent-polyphenismreaction-normgenotype-environment-interactionplasticitycanalizationgenetic-assimilationacclimationacclimatizationhardeningstress-responseheat-shock-proteinoxidative-stresshypoxiadesiccationstarvationimmune-responseinnate-immunityhumoral-immunitycellular-immunityencapsulationnodulationphagocytosismelanizationantimicrobial-peptidephenoloxidaseprophenoloxidaselysozymedefensincecropindiptericinattacinimmune-geneimmune-pathwayToll-pathwayImd-pathwayJAK-STAT-pathwayNF-κBrelishdorsalimmune-memoryspecific-immunitytransgenerational-immune-priminggut-microbiomesymbiosisobligate-symbiontfacultative-symbiontprimary-symbiontsecondary-symbiontvertical-transmissionhorizontal-transmissionmixed-mode-transmissionnutritional-symbiosisdefensive-symbiosisdigestive-symbiosisdetoxificationmetabolismbiosynthesisvitamin-synthesisamino-acid-synthesissteroid-synthesiscuticle-synthesischitin-synthesismoltingecdysisecdysteroidjuvenile-hormoneinsulin-signalingTOR-signalingnutrient-sensingenergy-storagelipid-metabolismcarbohydrate-metabolismprotein-metabolismflight-metabolismrespirationtracheal-systemspiraclegas-exchangewater-balanceosmoregulationexcretionMalpighian-tubulehindgutrectumcryptonephridial-systemion-transportwater-reabsorptionnitrogenous-wasteuric-acidureaammoniadetoxification-enzymecytochrome-P450glutathione-S-transferasecarboxylesterasemixed-function-oxidaseresistanceinsecticide-resistanceacaricide-resistanceherbicide-resistanceantibiotic-resistanceresistance-managementresistance-evolutionresistance-mechanismtarget-site-resistancemetabolic-resistancebehavioral-resistancecuticular-resistanceresistance-alleleresistance-genefitness-costfitness-benefitpleiotropytrade-offlife-history-trade-offallocationresource-allocationenergy-allocationtime-allocationforagingoptimal-foragingcentral-place-foragingpatch-usemarginal-value-theorempredator-avoidanceantipredator-defensemasqueradeBatesian-mimicryMüllerian-mimicryautomimicryintraspecific-mimicryintersexual-mimicryaggressive-mimicrysocial-parasitismbrood-parasitismkleptoparasitismdefense-behaviorthanatosisdeath-feigningstartle-displaydeimatic-displayeyespotdeflection-markautotomyreflex-bleedingregurgitationdefensive-secretionvenomtoxinallomonekairomonesynomonesemiochemicalpheromonesex-pheromoneaggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonetrail-pheromoneterritorial-pheromonerecognition-pheromonesignature-mixturecuticular-hydrocarbonvolatile-organic-compoundolfactiongustationmechanoreceptionthermoreceptionhygroreceptionphotoreceptionvisioncompound-eyeommatidiumrhabdomvisual-pigmentopsincolor-visionpolarization-visionmotion-detectionoptomotor-responsephototaxisphotoperiodismcircadian-rhythmbiological-clockentrainmentzeitgebercircannual-rhythmphotoperiodday-lengthcritical-day-lengthcritical-photoperioddiapause-inductiondiapause-terminationdiapause-maintenancediapause-developmentendocrine-controlneuroendocrinecorpus-allatumcorpus-cardiacumprothoracic-glandecdysiotropinecdysiostatinallatostatinallatotropinneuropeptidehormonehormone-receptorsignal-transductiongene-expressiontranscription-factorregulatory-genestructural-genegene-networkgene-regulatory-networkdevelopmental-geneHox-genehomeoboxsegment-polarity-genegap-genepair-rule-genematernal-effect-genezygotic-geneembryonic-developmentembryogenesiscleavageblastodermgastrulationsegmentationtagmosisappendage-developmentimaginal-discholometabolouscomplete-metamorphosislarvapupaadultapolysisteneralsclerotizationtanningcuticleexoskeletonepicuticleprocuticleexocuticleendocuticleresilinsclerotinchitinproteinlipidwaxcement-layerwax-layersurface-lipidwaterproofinganti-wettinganti-foulingself-cleaningstructural-colorpigmentary-coloromminpteridinecarotenoidmelaninpapiliochromeflavonoidanthocyaninbetalainiridescencephotonic-crystaldiffraction-gratingthin-film-interferencemultilayer-reflectorscatteringTyndall-scatteringRayleigh-scatteringMie-scatteringnon-iridescent-structural-colorbiochromebiofluorescencebioluminescenceluciferinluciferasephotoproteinbioluminescent-systemcounter-illuminationburglar-alarmlurecommunicationmate-recognitionpredator-deterrenceaposematismwarning-colorationhonest-signaldishonest-signalsignal-evolutionsignal-designreceiver-psychologysensory-biassensory-exploitationsensory-trapamplifierattenuatorsignal-efficacysignal-honestyhandicap-principleindex-signalconventional-signalassessment-signalterritorial-signaldominance-signalsubmissive-signalaggressive-signalcourtship-signalcopulatory-signalpostcopulatory-signalantagonistic-coevolutionchase-away-selectionsensory-drivereproductive-character-displacementgenetic-exchangeadmixturehybrid-fitnesshybrid-breakdownhybrid-vigorheterosisgenetic-loadmutational-meltdownfounder-effectbottleneckpopulation-expansioninvasion-geneticspropagule-pressureintroduction-effortestablishmentspreadlag-phaseexponential-growthlogistic-growthAllee-effectdemographic-Allee-effectcomponent-Allee-effectstrong-Allee-effectweak-Allee-effectcritical-population-sizeminimum-viable-populationextinction-riskpopulation-viability-analysisstochastic-modeldeterministic-modelindividual-based-modelagent-based-modelspatially-explicit-modelmetapopulation-modelsource-sink-modelintegrated-population-modelstate-space-modelhierarchical-modelBayesian-modelmachine-learningartificial-intelligencecomputer-visionimage-recognitionautomated-identificationdeep-learningneural-networkconvolutional-neural-networktransfer-learningdata-augmentationtraining-setvalidation-settest-setaccuracyprecisionrecallF1-scoreconfusion-matrixreceiver-operating-characteristicarea-under-curvemodel-selectionmodel-validationcross-validationbootstrappingpermutation-testnull-modelrandomization-testMonte-Carlo-simulationMarkov-chain-Monte-CarloGibbs-samplingMetropolis-Hastings-algorithmBayesian-inferenceprior-distributionposterior-distributionlikelihood-functionevidencemodel-comparisonBayes-factorinformation-criterionAkaike-information-criterioncorrected-AICBayesian-information-criteriondeviance-information-criterionWatanabe-Akaike-information-criterioncross-validation-information-criterionstackingmodel-averagingensemble-modelpredictionforecastingscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-analysispropagation-of-uncertaintyerror-budgetconfidence-intervalcredible-intervalprediction-intervaltolerance-intervalstatistical-powersample-sizeeffect-sizesignificance-testhypothesis-testingnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesistype-I-errortype-II-errorfalse-positivefalse-negativemultiple-comparisonBonferroni-correctionfalse-discovery-rateq-valuep-valuesignificance-levelalpha-levelbeta-levelstatistical-testparametric-testnonparametric-testrobust-testexact-testasymptotic-testbootstrap-testjackkniferesamplingsubsamplingleave-one-outk-foldstratified-samplingbalanced-samplingimbalanced-dataclass-imbalanceoversamplingundersamplingsynthetic-minority-oversamplingSMOTEADASYNcost-sensitive-learningensemble-methodbaggingboostingrandom-forestgradient-boostingXGBoostLightGBMCatBoostsupport-vector-machinekernel-methodradial-basis-functionpolynomial-kernellinear-kernelsigmoid-kerneldecision-treeclassification-treeregression-treepruningcost-complexity-pruningminimum-description-lengthrule-based-classifierassociation-rulefrequent-patternapriori-algorithmFP-growthsequential-patterntemporal-patternspatial-patternspatiotemporal-patterntime-series-analysistrend-analysisseasonal-decompositionautoregressive-modelmoving-average-modelARIMASARIMAexponential-smoothingstate-space-modelKalman-filterparticle-filterhidden-Markov-modeldynamic-Bayesian-networkrecurrent-neural-networklong-short-term-memorygated-recurrent-unittransformerattention-mechanismself-attentionmulti-head-attentionencoderdecoderencoder-decoder-architecturesequence-to-sequence-modelgenerative-modelgenerative-adversarial-networkvariational-autoencodernormalizing-flowdiffusion-modelenergy-based-modelBoltzmann-machinerestricted-Boltzmann-machinedeep-belief-networkautoencoderdenoising-autoencodersparse-autoencodercontractive-autoencodervariational-inferenceexpectation-maximizationmaximum-likelihoodmaximum-a-posteriorimaximum-entropyOccam's-razorparsimonymodel-complexityoverfittingunderfittingbias-variance-tradeoffregularizationL1-regularizationL2-regularizationelastic-netdropoutearly-stoppingbatch-normalizationlayer-normalizationgroup-normalizationinstance-normalizationweight-decaymixupcutoutcutmixrandom-erasingautoaugmentfast-autoaugmentpopulation-based-augmentationneural-architecture-searchautomated-machine-learninghyperparameter-optimizationgrid-searchrandom-searchBayesian-optimizationsequential-model-based-optimizationmulti-fidelity-optimizationknowledge-distillationteacher-student-modelmodel-compressionquantizationknowledge-transferdomain-adaptationfew-shot-learningzero-shot-learningone-shot-learningmeta-learninglearning-to-learnmetric-learningsiamese-networktriplet-losscontrastive-learningself-supervised-learningunsupervised-learningsemi-supervised-learningweakly-supervised-learningactive-learningonline-learningincremental-learningcontinual-learninglifelong-learningcurriculum-learningmulti-task-learningmulti-modal-learningcross-modal-learningrepresentation-learningfeature-learningembedding-learningmanifold-learningdimensionality-reductionprincipal-component-analysist-SNEUMAPword-embeddingsentence-embeddingdocument-embeddingknowledge-graph-embeddinggraph-neural-networkgraph-convolutional-networkgraph-attention-networkmessage-passing-neural-networkrelational-graph-convolutional-networkinductive-learningtransductive-learninghomophilyheterophilygraph-isomorphismWeisfeiler-Lehman-testsubgraph-isomorphismgraph-matchingnetwork-alignmentnetwork-embeddingnode-embeddingedge-embeddinggraph-classificationnode-classificationlink-predictiongraph-generationgraph-synthesismolecular-generationde-novo-designinverse-designretrosynthesisreaction-predictionproperty-predictionquantitative-structure-activity-relationshipQSARquantitative-structure-property-relationshipQSPRmolecular-descriptorfingerprintMorgan-fingerprintextended-connectivity-fingerprintcircular-fingerprintatom-pair-fingerprinttopological-torsion-fingerprintpharmacophoreshape-similarityelectrostatic-similaritydockingscoring-functionbinding-affinity-predictionprotein-ligand-interactionprotein-protein-interactionprotein-structure-predictionAlphaFoldprotein-foldingcontact-predictiondistance-predictionangle-predictiontorsion-predictionsecondary-structure-predictiontertiary-structure-predictionquaternary-structure-predictionprotein-designprotein-engineeringdirected-evolutionrational-designcomputational-designde-novo-protein-designenzyme-designcatalytic-antibodyribozymeaptamerDNAzymesynthetic-biologygenetic-circuitmetabolic-engineeringmetabolic-flux-analysisflux-balance-analysisgenome-scale-metabolic-modeldynamic-metabolic-modelkinetic-modelingstoichiometric-modelingconstraint-based-modelingoptimizationlinear-programmingmixed-integer-linear-programmingquadratic-programmingnonlinear-programmingdynamic-programmingstochastic-programmingrobust-optimizationmulti-objective-optimizationPareto-optimalityevolutionary-algorithmgenetic-algorithmgenetic-programmingdifferential-evolutionparticle-swarm-optimizationant-colony-optimizationsimulated-annealingtabu-searchvariable-neighborhood-searchiterated-local-searchgreedy-randomized-adaptive-searchscatter-searchpath-relinkingmemetic-algorithmhyper-heuristicmetaheuristiclocal-searchneighborhood-searchhill-climbingrandom-walkrandomized-searchMonte-Carlo-tree-searchupper-confidence-boundThompson-samplingmulti-armed-banditcontextual-banditreinforcement-learningpolicy-gradientactor-criticQ-learningdeep-Q-networkpolicy-iterationvalue-iterationtemporal-difference-learningSARSAexpected-SARSAdouble-Q-learningdueling-Q-networkprioritized-experience-replaydistributed-reinforcement-learningimpalaA3Casynchronous-advantage-actor-criticPPOproximal-policy-optimizationTRPOtrust-region-policy-optimizationDDPGdeep-deterministic-policy-gradientTD3twin-delayed-deep-deterministic-policy-gradientSACsoft-actor-criticmodel-based-reinforcement-learningmodel-predictive-controlguided-policy-searchimitation-learninginverse-reinforcement-learningapprenticeship-learningbehavior-cloningdataset-aggregationDAggergenerative-adversarial-imitation-learningthird-person-imitation-learningone-shot-imitation-learningmeta-reinforcement-learninghierarchical-reinforcement-learningoptionskillsubgoalintrinsic-motivationcuriosity-driven-explorationempowermentinformation-gainprediction-errornovelty-seekingdiversity-seekingmulti-agent-reinforcement-learningmean-fieldfictitious-playcorrelated-equilibriumNash-equilibriumgame-theorymechanism-designauction-theoryincentive-designsocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisionmatching-theorymarket-designalgorithmic-game-theorycomputational-social-choicecomputational-complexityNP-completenessNP-hardnessapproximation-algorithmapproximation-ratioinapproximabilityfixed-parameter-tractabilityparameterized-complexitykernelizationtreewidthgraph-minorforbidden-minor-characterizationwell-quasi-orderingRobertson-Seymour-theoremgraph-structure-theorembidimensionality-theorymeta-theoremCourcelle's-theoremautomata-theoryfinite-automatonpushdown-automatonTuring-machinecomputabilitydecidabilityhalting-problemRice's-theoremGödel's-incompleteness-theoremslambda-calculuscombinatory-logictype-theoryproof-theorymodel-theoryset-theoryforcinglarge-cardinalaxiom-of-choicecontinuum-hypothesisindependence-resultconsistency-strengthreverse-mathematicsconstructive-mathematicsintuitionistic-logicmodal-logictemporal-logicepistemic-logicdeontic-logicdescription-logicontologyknowledge-representationsemantic-weblinked-dataRDFSPARQLOWLknowledge-graphentity-linkingrelation-extractionevent-extractioncoreference-resolutionnamed-entity-recognitionpart-of-speech-taggingdependency-parsingconstituency-parsingsemantic-parsingnatural-language-inferencetextual-entailmentnatural-language-generationmachine-translationsummarizationquestion-answeringdialogue-systemconversational-AIchatbotvirtual-assistantspeech-recognitionspeech-synthesisspeaker-recognitionemotion-recognitionsentiment-analysisopinion-miningaspect-based-sentiment-analysistarget-dependent-sentiment-analysisstance-detectionrumor-detectionfake-news-detectionfact-checkingclaim-verificationevidence-retrievalargument-miningpersuasion-detectiondeception-detectionpersonality-predictionmental-health-detectionsuicide-preventioncrisis-interventionsocial-media-miningnetwork-analysiscommunity-detectioninfluence-maximizationinformation-diffusioncascade-modelingepidemic-modelingSEIR-modelSIR-modelagent-based-epidemic-modelcompartmental-modelnetwork-epidemic-modelmetapopulation-epidemic-modelspatial-epidemic-modelstochastic-epidemic-modelbranching-processrenewal-equationgeneration-intervalserial-intervalincubation-periodlatent-periodinfectious-periodbasic-reproduction-numbereffective-reproduction-numberherd-immunity-thresholdvaccination-coveragevaccine-efficacyvaccine-effectivenessbreakthrough-infectionwaning-immunityimmune-escapevariant-of-concernvariant-of-interestvariant-under-monitoringphylogenetic-analysismolecular-clock-analysisphylodynamicsviral-evolutionantigenic-driftantigenic-shiftzoonotic-spilloverreservoir-hostintermediate-hostamplifying-hostdead-end-hostvector-borne-diseasemosquito-borne-diseasetick-borne-diseaseflea-borne-diseaselice-borne-diseasemidge-borne-diseasesandfly-borne-diseasetsetse-borne-diseaseblackfly-borne-diseasetriatomine-borne-diseasekissing-bugChagas-diseasetrypanosomiasisleishmaniasismalariadengueyellow-feverZika-viruschikungunyaWest-Nile-virusJapanese-encephalitistick-borne-encephalitisLyme-diseaseRocky-Mountain-spotted-feverehlichiosisanaplasmosisbabesiosistularemiaplaguemurine-typhusepidemic-typhusendemic-typhusscrub-typhusQ-fevertrench-feverbartonellosiscat-scratch-diseaserat-bite-feverleptospirosisbrucellosisanthraxmelioidosisglanderstularaemiafrancisellosiscoxiellosisrickettsiosisorientia-infectionehrlichiosisneoehrlichiosisneorickettsiosisanaplasmataceaerickettsiaceaecoxiellaceaebartonellaceaebrucellaceaefrancisellaceaepasteurellaceaelegionellaceaechlamydiaceaemycoplasmataceaeureaplasmataceaespiroplasmataceaeachaenoplasmataceaeentomoplasmataceaehaloplasmataceaetenericutesmollicutesbacteroidetesfusobacteriaspirochaetessynergistetesdeferribacteresthermotogaeaquificaecaldisericacaldithrixdeferrisomadesulfurobacteriumthermovibriothermocrinishydrogenobactersulfurihydrogenibiumpersephonellahydrogenobaculumhydrothermusthermothrixsulfuricurvumsulfurimonassulfurovumthiovulumthiomicrospirapseudomonasvibrioaeromonasphotobacteriumaliivibriogracilibacillushalobacillushalomonaschromohalobactercobetiasalinicolakushneriahalotaleahalovibriosalinivibriothioalkalivibriothiohalophilusectothiorhodospirahalorhodospirathiorhodospirahalochromatiumthioflavicoccusmarichromatiumthiocapsalamprocystisthiodictyonthiopediaamoebobacterthiocystischromatiumallo-chromatiumthermochromatiumrhabdochromatiumthiobacathiohalocapsahalocapsathiolamprovumthioplocathiomargaritabeggiatoamethylococcusmethylomonasmethylomicrobiummethylosinusmethylocystismethylocellamethylocapsamethylacidiphilumverrucomicrobiaplanctomyceteschlamydiaelentisphaeraekiritimatiellaeotacalditrichaeotafervidibacteriaSudus floridanus
Sudus floridanus is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, described by Kissinger in 1964. The specific epithet "floridanus" indicates a Florida association. As a member of Curculionidae, it possesses the characteristic elongated snout (rostrum) typical of weevils. Very little published information exists regarding its biology, ecology, or specific habits. The genus Sudus is not well-documented in entomological literature.
Sufetula carbonalis
Sufetula carbonalis is a small crambid moth described in 2013 from Florida. The species name refers to its dark charcoal-colored wing markings. Adults are active across multiple months, with larval stages suspected to feed on palm roots.
Synchlora herbaria
White-dotted Emerald
Synchlora herbaria is a small emerald moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 13 mm. The species is notable for its Caribbean distribution, with records from Florida and multiple Caribbean islands. Larvae have been documented feeding on Lantana camara, and like other Synchlora species, they camouflage themselves by attaching plant material to their bodies.
Tagosodes wallacei
Tagosodes wallacei is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Muir and Giffard in 1924. It belongs to the large group of true bugs known as planthoppers, which are characterized by their jumping hind legs and association with grasses and other monocot plants. The genus Tagosodes is part of the diverse planthopper fauna of the Americas, with this species recorded from regions including Florida, Mexico, and Brazil.
Telamona dorana
Telamona dorana is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. As a member of the genus Telamona, it shares the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of this group. The species is part of the diverse Nearctic fauna of Smiliinae, a subfamily known for varied pronotal ornamentation. Information specific to this species remains limited in published literature.
Tetracha floridana
Florida metallic tiger beetle, Florida big-headed tiger beetle
Tetracha floridana is a Florida endemic tiger beetle restricted to coastal salt marsh and mudflat habitats along the Gulf coast from Dixie County to the Florida Keys. Adults are strictly nocturnal and exhibit the characteristic metallic green to dark green elytra and enlarged head of the genus. The species was elevated from subspecies status in 2007 based on distinct morphological characters. Larvae inhabit burrows in dry ground adjacent to coastal marshes and can be distinguished from related genera by simple, thorn-like hooks on the fifth abdominal segment.
Tetraleurodes mori
Mulberry Whitefly
Tetraleurodes mori is a species of whitefly in the family Aleyrodidae, commonly known as the Mulberry Whitefly. The species feeds on mulberry (Morus spp.) and related plants. It is a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, which includes sap-feeding insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Like other whiteflies, it produces waxy secretions and honeydew, and has been observed in association with its host plants in Florida and other regions where mulberry grows.
Timulla floridensis
Timulla floridensis is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae. The species was proposed in a 1980 Ph.D. dissertation by Sigurd Leopold Szerlip but remains officially undescribed and nomenclaturally invalid because the dissertation was never formally published. As a member of the genus Timulla, it is a wingless female wasp (males have wings) with a potent sting. The species is associated with Florida, where it frequents sun-dappled patches on the floor of deciduous forests.
Toxotrypana curvicauda
papaya fruit fly
Toxotrypana curvicauda, commonly known as the papaya fruit fly, is a tephritid fruit fly native to the Americas and now established in Florida and other parts of the southern United States. Males are highly territorial, defending papaya fruit surfaces through aerial combat using specialized midleg armature. Females are attracted to male-produced sex pheromones and oviposit directly into papaya fruits, where larvae develop within the seeds. The species is a significant agricultural pest of papaya (Carica papaya) and has been recorded on alternative hosts including Jacaratia mexicana and Morrenia odorata.
Triepeolus rufithorax
Florida Longhorn-Cuckoo
Triepeolus rufithorax is a cleptoparasitic cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, subfamily Nomadinae. As a member of the genus Triepeolus, it parasitizes nests of long-horned bees (Melissodes and related genera). The species is known from North America, with records particularly from Florida and surrounding regions. Like other Triepeolus species, females enter host nests to lay eggs in brood cells provisioned by the host female.
Trigonopeltastes floridanus
Trigonopeltastes floridanus is a flower chafer beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is endemic to Florida and associated with the flowers of Opuntia australis, the Florida pricklypear cactus. The species has been observed mating on cactus flowers, suggesting a close ecological relationship with this endemic host plant. Like other members of the genus, it likely feeds on pollen and floral tissues.
Turpilia
narrow-beaked katydid (for T. rostrata)
Turpilia is a genus of phaneropterine katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, established by Stål in 1874. The genus comprises nine described species distributed in the Caribbean, Florida, and parts of Mexico. Species in this genus are characterized by their placement in the tribe Turpiliini, a group within the subfamily Phaneropterinae. The genus includes the narrow-beaked katydid (T. rostrata), one of the few species with a documented common name.
Tytthus balli
Tytthus balli is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1931. It belongs to the genus Tytthus, which comprises small predatory mirids known for feeding on mite eggs. The species has been recorded from Florida and Texas in the United States. Like other members of its genus, it likely plays a role in biological control of pest mites in agricultural and natural systems.
Undulambia polystichalis
Leatherleaf Fern Borer Moth
Undulambia polystichalis, commonly known as the leatherleaf fern borer moth, is a small pyralid moth described by Capps in 1965. The species is notable for its specialized larval association with Rumohra adiantiformis, a commercially important fern species. It represents one of the few documented cases of fern-boring behavior within the Musotiminae subfamily.
Undulambia rarissima
Gold-lined Undulambia Moth
Undulambia rarissima is a small crambid moth described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1972. It is known from limited records in Florida, with adults active during two distinct periods: January through May and again in September. The species is considered rare, as reflected in its specific epithet. Larval biology remains poorly documented, though there is tentative association with Polystichum ferns.
Unknown-genus barcode-antennae-fl
Unknown-genus barcode-antennae-fl is a provisional genus designation used in DNA barcoding studies for a Florida insect specimen with distinctive antennae characteristics. The genus has not been formally described in taxonomic literature, representing a known unknown in regional biodiversity surveys. It is recognized solely through molecular sequence data linked to morphological observations of the antennae.