California
Guides
Insara gemmicula
Gemmate Bush Katydid
Insara gemmicula, commonly known as the gemmate bush katydid, is a species of phaneropterine katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is native to North America, with records from California and other western regions. Like other members of the genus Insara, it is a bush-dwelling katydid associated with woody vegetation. The species was described by Rehn and Hebard in 1914.
Insulaphylus
Insulaphylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. The genus is characterized by morphological features typical of the family, including the distinctive hemelytra with membranous apical portions. At least one species, Insulaphylus cruz, has been formally described and documented in museum collections. The genus belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of the Western Hemisphere.
Ipochus
Ipochus is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Parmenini. The genus contains two recognized species: Ipochus fasciatus (LeConte, 1852) and Ipochus insularis (Blaisdell, 1925). Ipochus fasciatus has been documented in association with mesquite (Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa). The genus is native to western North America, with I. insularis restricted to islands off the coast of California.
Irbisia mollipes
plant bug
Irbisia mollipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. It belongs to the genus Irbisia, commonly known as black grass bugs. The species is found in North America, with confirmed records from California.
Irbisia oreas
black grass bug
Irbisia oreas is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Bliven in 1963. It belongs to a genus commonly known as black grass bugs. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with confirmed records from California, Arizona, and Baja California Norte.
Iris oratoria
Mediterranean mantis, iris mantis
Iris oratoria, commonly called the Mediterranean mantis, is a medium-sized praying mantis species native to Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. The species has been introduced to the southwestern United States, where it was first recorded in southern California in the 1930s and continues to expand its range. Adults reach approximately 6.5 cm in length and are distinguished by violet-brown eyespots on the hindwings that are displayed during threat responses. The species exhibits facultative parthenogenesis and delayed emergence from oothecae as adaptations that may contribute to its invasive success.
Ischnura gemina
San Francisco Forktail
Ischnura gemina is a small damselfly endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area of California, with a total range of less than 500 square miles. It is considered one of the rarest odonates in the United States. The species inhabits coastal wetland ecosystems and has been observed to have an unusually long adult lifespan for a damselfly, likely an adaptation to the region's foggy climate. Populations have declined due to urbanization and habitat destruction, though the species shows some resilience to certain forms of habitat degradation.
Itolia timberlakei
Itolia timberlakei is a species of robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) described by Wilcox in 1949. The genus Itolia is a small group within the diverse Asilidae family, which comprises predatory flies commonly known as robber flies or assassin flies. The species epithet 'timberlakei' honors the entomologist P.H. Timberlake, who made substantial contributions to the study of bees and wasps at the University of California, Riverside. No detailed biological studies of this species have been published.
Juniperthia producta
Juniperthia producta is a species of planthopper in the family Achilidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1915. Like other members of Achilidae, it belongs to the superfamily Fulgoroidea within the order Hemiptera. The species has been recorded from California, USA, based on distribution data from GBIF and iNaturalist. As with many fulgoroid planthoppers, detailed natural history information for this species remains limited.
Karokia memorialis
Karokia memorialis is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, first described by Gurney and Buxton in 1968. It belongs to the subfamily Melanoplinae, one of the most diverse groups of North American grasshoppers. The species has been documented in California and is considered part of the North American grasshopper fauna.
Klambothrips myopori
Naio Thrips
Klambothrips myopori is a gall-forming thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae, described by Mound and Morris in 2007. Native to Australia and New Zealand, it invaded California in 2005 and has since become established in Hawaii and the contiguous United States. The species is obligately associated with Myoporum host plants, inducing galls on foliage. It has emerged as a significant pest of ornamental plantings in California, with documented variation in host plant suitability across different Myoporum cultivars.
Koebelia californica
Koebelia californica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1897. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Athysanini. The species is known from limited distributional records in western North America.
Koebelia irrorata
Koebelia irrorata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. Described by Ball in 1909, this species belongs to a small genus of leafhoppers found in western North America. The genus name honors the German entomologist Carl Koebele, who worked extensively on North American Hemiptera in the late 19th century. Very little specific biological information is available for this particular species.
Kovarikia
Kovarikia is a genus of scorpions in the family Vaejovidae, endemic to humid rocky microhabitats of southern California. The genus contains three described species: K. angelena, K. bogerti, and K. williamsi. It was established in 2014 based on distinctive morphological characters, particularly unique neobothriotaxy patterns on the pedipalp chelae.
Laetilia zamacrella
Monterey Scale-feeding Snout
Laetilia zamacrella is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1925. It is endemic to California, where it is known by the common name Monterey Scale-feeding Snout. Like other members of its genus, it is a specialist predator of scale insects. The species is closely related to Laetilia coccidivora, which feeds on the Striped Pine Scale (Toumeyella pini).
Lasioglossum tuolumnense
Lasioglossum tuolumnense is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, described by Gibbs in 2009. It belongs to the genus Lasioglossum, the largest genus of bees with over 1,700 species. As a halictid bee, it is likely a ground-nesting solitary or semi-social species, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Lasionycta mono
Lasionycta mono is a species of noctuid moth described in 2009 by Crabo and Lafontaine. The species is known exclusively from its type locality in the Sierra Nevada of California. With a wingspan of approximately 26 mm, it represents a poorly documented member of a genus that underwent significant revision in 2009, when 17 new species were described. The specific epithet 'mono' refers to Mono County or the Mono Basin region of California.
Leiodes horni
Leiodes horni is a species of round fungus beetle in the family Leiodidae. It is found in western North America, specifically in California and Oregon. The species was described by Hatch in 1929. Like other members of the genus Leiodes, it is associated with fungal habitats.
Lepidurus packardi
Vernal Pool Tadpole Shrimp
Lepidurus packardi is a federally endangered, California endemic freshwater microcrustacean in the order Notostraca. It is an ephemeral wetland specialist restricted to vernal pools and other temporary water bodies. The species is a key food source for larval California Tiger Salamander and acts as an ecosystem engineer through bioturbation. It reaches approximately 5 cm in length with a shield-like carapace up to 3.5 cm long.
Leptohoplia testaceipennis
Leptohoplia testaceipennis is a species of shining leaf chafer beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It was described by Saylor in 1935. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with records from California, USA. As a member of the subfamily Rutelinae, it belongs to a group commonly referred to as shining leaf chafers.
Leptoypha minor
Arizona ash lace bug, ash lace bug
Leptoypha minor, commonly known as the Arizona ash lace bug, is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is a documented pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), causing damage to twigs and foliage. The species is particularly abundant in California and has been economically significant as an ornamental pest since its formal description in 1942.
Leucogoniella californica
Leucogoniella californica is a small moth in the family Gelechiidae, first described by Keifer in 1930. It occurs in the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from California and Arizona. The species is one of at least two Leucogoniella species in the region that are difficult to distinguish based on wing pattern alone. Its biology remains poorly known, though it has been observed in large numbers during summer months.
Lichnanthe albipilosa
White Sand Bear Scarab Beetle
Lichnanthe albipilosa is a species of scarab beetle in the family Glaphyridae, described by Carlson in 1980. It is endemic to California, USA, and is commonly known as the White Sand Bear Scarab Beetle. The species belongs to a small family of beetles associated with sandy habitats.
Lichnanthe apina
bumble bee scarab beetle
Lichnanthe apina is a scarab beetle in the family Glaphyridae, commonly called a bumble bee scarab beetle due to its resemblance to bumble bees. The species was described by Carlson in 1980 and is endemic to California, USA. Like other members of Glaphyridae, it likely exhibits Batesian mimicry of bumble bees as a defensive adaptation.
Lichnanthe ursina
Bumblebee Scarab, Bumblebee Scarab Beetle
Lichnanthe ursina, commonly called the bumblebee scarab or bumblebee scarab beetle, is a species of scarab beetle in the family Glaphyridae. It is native to North America and has been recorded from California. The common name reflects its resemblance to bumblebees, a form of Batesian mimicry common in this family.
Ligyrus peninsularis
Ligyrus peninsularis is a scarab beetle in the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), described by Casey in 1915. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Baja California region of Mexico. Like other members of the genus, it is likely associated with sandy or loose soil habitats where larvae develop. Adult activity patterns and specific ecological relationships remain poorly documented in published literature.
Liothrips ilex
toyon gall thrips
A gall-forming thrips species in the family Phlaeothripidae, Liothrips ilex is commonly known as the toyon gall thrips due to its association with toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). The species induces distinctive galls on host plant foliage. Like other phlaeothripids, it exhibits the typical thrips life history with propupal and pupal stages. The species has been documented in North America with over 1,000 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is relatively well-recorded where its host plant occurs.
Lissagria laeviuscula
Lissagria laeviuscula is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, originally described by LeConte in 1866 under the basionym Falagria laeviuscula. It belongs to the subfamily Aleocharinae and tribe Falagriini. The species is known from North America, with records from California.
Litoprosopus
Palm Flower Moth, Palm Budworm
Litoprosopus is a genus of moths in the subfamily Dyopsinae of the family Erebidae, containing approximately seven described species. The genus is best known for Litoprosopus coachella, commonly called the palm flower moth or palm budworm, whose caterpillars feed on ornamental fan palms and frequently enter human dwellings to pupate. Adult moths are medium-sized with relatively dull coloration, while larvae are grub-like, nearly hairless, and possess powerful mandibles capable of delivering a noticeable bite.
Litoprosopus coachella
palm flower moth, palm budworm
Litoprosopus coachella, commonly known as the palm flower moth or palm budworm, is a moth species in the family Erebidae. The species is notable for its larval stage, which feeds on palm flowers and buds, particularly of ornamental fan palms. Mature caterpillars abandon host plants to pupate, frequently entering human dwellings where they spin cocoons incorporating carpet fibers and other materials. The species is widely distributed in North America, with substantial populations in urban areas of the southwestern United States where palm landscaping is common. Adult moths are dull-colored and nocturnal.
Lophocampa indistincta
A tiger moth species in the family Erebidae, described in 1910. Males exhibit dark ocherous coloration with obscure wing markings and hyaline secondaries. Known exclusively from California's Channel Islands, making it a geographically restricted endemic with a wingspan of approximately 43 mm.
Loxosceles palma
Loxosceles palma is a venomous recluse spider in the family Sicariidae, native to Baja California, Mexico. The species name derives from the Latin word for palm, referencing the palm canyons of California and Baja California where it occurs. It inhabits deep canyon environments and has been documented in the San Jacinto Mountains of California.
Luridiblatta
Luridiblatta is a genus of cockroaches in the family Ectobiidae, established by Fernandes in 1965. The genus contains 10 recognized species, including L. trivittata which has been introduced to California and is known there as the "tiny cockroach." Most species exhibit an almost circum-Mediterranean distribution. A 2022 taxonomic revision described 7 new species and organized them into three species-groups based on morphological characteristics.
Luridiblatta trivittata
Three-lined Cockroach, Tiny Cockroach
Luridiblatta trivittata is a small cockroach species native to the Mediterranean region, belonging to the family Ectobiidae. It is one of ten species in the genus Luridiblatta, which has an almost circum-Mediterranean distribution. The species is part of the trivittata species-group along with L. habbachii. It has been introduced to California, where it is recognized as one of eight exotic cockroach species present in the state. Unlike major indoor pest cockroaches, this species is primarily an outdoor inhabitant that occasionally enters buildings but does not normally reproduce indoors.
Lutica
Lutica is a genus of zodariid spiders endemic to the California coast and Channel Islands. The genus comprises four described species, each with restricted distributions: two on mainland coastal dunes and two on specific islands. These spiders are notable for their unique sand-covered web tubes used in prey detection and their limited dispersal ability.
Lycaena gorgon
gorgon copper
Lycaena gorgon, commonly known as the gorgon copper, is a butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae native to western North America. It is distinguished by sexual dimorphism in wing coloration and has a single annual brood. The species is closely associated with its host plant Eriogonum nudum and inhabits foothill environments including chaparral, woodland, and canyon habitats. Its distribution is centered in California with records extending into adjacent regions.
Lycaena xanthoides
great copper
Lycaena xanthoides, the great copper, is a butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae found in North America. The species has experienced significant regional population declines in California, with documented disappearance from low-elevation sites between Chico and Stockton by 2005. Research indicates it is among multiple butterfly species declining due to climate change and pesticide exposure, particularly neonicotinoids.
Lygus hesperus
Western Tarnished Plant Bug
Lygus hesperus is a significant agricultural pest in western North America, causing extensive damage to cotton, strawberries, alfalfa seed, and other crops. In California alone, annual losses exceed $30 million in cotton and $40 million in strawberries. Adults overwinter in reproductive diapause triggered by short day lengths, resuming activity when conditions improve. The species has been the subject of extensive research on sampling methods, biological control, and insecticide resistance.
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-dividepolitical-divideeconomic-dividereligious-dividephilosophical-dividescientific-dividetechnological-divideartistic-divideliterary-dividemusical-dividevisual-divideperforming-dividecinematic-dividephotographic-dividearchitectural-dividefashion-divideculinary-dividegastronomic-divideolfactory-dividegustatory-dividetactile-dividekinesthetic-divideproprioceptive-dividevestibular-divideauditory-dividesomatosensory-divideinteroceptive-divideexteroceptive-dividemultisensory-dividecrossmodal-dividesynesthetic-divideanesthetic-divideesthetic-divideaesthetic-dividepoetic-dividerhetorical-dividelogical-dividemathematical-dividestatistical-dividecomputational-dividealgorithmic-divideheuristic-dividesystematic-dividemethodical-divideempirical-dividetheoretical-divideconceptual-divideabstract-divideconcrete-dividepractical-divideapplied-dividepure-dividefundamental-dividebasic-dividestrategic-dividetactical-divideoperational-divideadministrative-dividemanagerial-divideexecutive-divideleadership-dividefollowership-dividemembership-dividepartnership-divideownership-dividestewardship-divideguardianship-dividetrusteeship-dividecustodianship-dividewardship-dividetutelage-dividementorship-dividesponsorship-dividechampionship-dividefriendship-dividerelationship-dividekinship-dividecompanionship-dividefellowship-dividescholarship-divideapprenticeship-divideinternship-divideresidency-divideassistantship-divideassociateship-divideauthorship-divideeditorship-dividecuratorship-dividedirectorship-dividegovernorship-dividepresidency-dividechancellorship-dividedeanship-divideheadship-dividechairmanship-divideLystridea uhleri
Lystridea uhleri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Errhomeninae. Originally described as Bathysmatophorus uhleri by Baker in 1898, it was later transferred to the genus Lystridea. The species is native to western North America and has been recorded from California, Oregon, and Washington. Members of the genus Lystridea are generally associated with coniferous and deciduous forest habitats.
Macrobaenetes
sand-treader crickets, giant sand-treader crickets
Macrobaenetes is a genus of sand-treader crickets in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to California. The genus contains at least four described species, including the Algodones sand treader cricket (M. algodonensis) and the Kelso Dunes giant sand-treader cricket (M. kelsoensis). These insects are specialized for life in sandy desert environments.
Macrobaenetes valgum
Coachella giant sand treader cricket
Macrobaenetes valgum, the Coachella giant sand treader cricket, is a species of cave cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It is endemic to the United States and has been recorded from California. Like other members of its genus, it is adapted to arid sandy habitats. The species was described by Strohecker in 1960.
Macrosiphum californicum
California Willow Aphid
Macrosiphum californicum is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. Commonly known as the California Willow Aphid, this species belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, which contains many economically significant plant-feeding aphids. The species was described by Clarke in 1903. As with other aphids in this genus, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem.
Macrotylus tristis
Macrotylus tristis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Uhler in 1890. The species is endemic to California, where it has been documented from a small number of observations. As a member of the genus Macrotylus, it belongs to a group of mirids often associated with specific host plants.
Macrotylus vanduzeei
Macrotylus vanduzeei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1932. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from California, USA. Like other members of the genus Macrotylus, it belongs to the diverse and economically important family of true bugs that feed on plant tissues.
Maculamiris insulanus
Maculamiris insulanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. The species is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, specifically Santa Catalina Island and San Clemente Island. As a member of the diverse Miridae family, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, though specific ecological details for this island-endemic species remain poorly documented.
Mannophorus laetus
Pleasant Aster Bycid
Mannophorus laetus is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1854. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for often bright coloration and association with flowers. The species is found in North America, particularly the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults are frequently observed on flowers of Asteraceae, where they feed on pollen and nectar.
Margarinotus thomomysi
clown beetle
Margarinotus thomomysi is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by Caterino in 2010. The specific epithet suggests an association with pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys. It is known from California, USA.
Mectemycor
Mectemycor is a genus of soft-bodied plant beetles comprising three known species, all endemic to California. The genus was established by Majer in 1995 and is currently classified in the family Mauroniscidae, having been historically placed in Melyridae. All three species—M. linearis, M. sericeus, and M. strangulatus—are restricted to western North America.
Megachile davidsoni
Megachile davidsoni is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1902. It belongs to the leafcutter bee genus Megachile, whose members are characterized by cutting leaf pieces to line their nest cavities. The species is known from a restricted geographic range in southwestern California. Like other Megachile species, it is a solitary cavity-nesting bee that carries pollen on the underside of its abdomen rather than on its legs.
Megalopsallus marmoratus
Megalopsallus marmoratus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the genus Megalopsallus, which was revised by Schuh in 2000 with descriptions of new species from western North America. The species is documented from the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.