Neotropical

Guides

Hygronemobius
Hygronemobius is a genus of small crickets in the family Trigonidiidae, subfamily Nemobiinae. The genus was established by Hebard in 1913 and contains approximately 30 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropics. Species have been documented from Brazil, the Caribbean, Central America, and parts of North America. The genus name derives from Greek 'hygro-' (wet, moist) and 'Nemobius', suggesting an association with humid or moist habitats.
cricket Nemobiinae Neotropical humid-habitat
Hymenomima
Hymenomima is a genus of geometrid moths described by Warren in 1895, containing approximately 28 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. The genus has been subject to biological control research, with Hymenomima nr. memor evaluated and rejected as a potential agent for Brazilian peppertree due to insufficient host specificity. Species exhibit typical geometrid morphology with larvae that are leaf-feeding defoliators.
Geometridae Neotropical defoliator biological-control polyphagy
Hypanartia lethe
Orange Mapwing, Orange Admiral
Hypanartia lethe is a medium-sized nymphalid butterfly commonly known as the orange mapwing or orange admiral. It is recognized by its distinctive wing pattern featuring orange-brown and black markings, with the underside resembling topographic contour lines. The species is widespread across the Americas, from the southern United States through Central and South America.
Nymphalidae butterfly Neotropical mountain-species forest-butterfly
Hypargyria
snout moths
Hypargyria is a genus of snout moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1888. The genus contains four described species with a wide geographic distribution spanning Africa, southern Asia, Australia, the Americas, and the Caribbean.
snout-moths Phycitinae Ragonot-1888 Afrotropical Neotropical Nearctic Oriental Australasian
Hypna
jazzy leafwing, marbled leafwing, silver-studded leafwing
Hypna is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae, containing only Hypna clytemnestra. The species is the largest member of the tribe Anaeini and is known for its striking leaf-mimicry. The common names jazzy leafwing, marbled leafwing, and silver-studded leafwing refer to this single species. It is considered uncommon across its range.
monotypic-genus leaf-mimicry fruit-feeding Neotropical Charaxinae
Hypna clytemnestra
Silver-studded Leafwing, Jazzy Leafwing, Marbled Leafwing
Hypna clytemnestra is the sole species in the monotypic genus Hypna, a leafwing butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The species is known by multiple common names reflecting its distinctive wing patterning. It is classified within the subfamily Charaxinae, tribe Anaeini, a group characterized by robust bodies and often cryptic, leaf-mimicking wing shapes.
butterfly leafwing Nymphalidae Charaxinae Neotropical camouflage monotypic-genus
Hypocrita celina
Hypocrita celina is a moth species in the family Erebidae, first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1870. The species is known only from Guatemala. As a member of the subfamily Arctiinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as tiger moths, though specific details about its biology remain undocumented in published sources.
Neotropical Central-America understudied-species historical-description data-deficient
Hypocritanus
Hypocritanus is a genus of hoverflies (family Syrphidae) described by Miranda in 2020. The genus is found in the Neotropical region and contains at least two described species: H. fascipennis and H. lemur. As a member of the tribe Syrphini, these flies are part of a diverse group of flower-visiting insects.
hoverfly Neotropical Syrphidae Syrphini recently-described-genus
Hypoponera opaciceps
Granulate Crypt Ant
Hypoponera opaciceps is a small, cryptobiotic ant species in the subfamily Ponerinae. It is widely distributed across the Neotropics, including the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, with records extending to the Galápagos Islands. The species is primarily subterranean or leaf-litter dwelling, making it infrequently observed despite its broad range. Seven subspecies have been described, reflecting considerable geographic variation across its distribution.
cryptobiotic leaf-litter-ant subterranean Neotropical Ponerinae soil-fauna
Hypoponera opacior
Common Crypt Ant, ponerine ant
Hypoponera opacior is a small ponerine ant known for its unusual wing polymorphism in both sexes. Unlike most ant species, it produces both winged and wingless morphs in males and queens, with each morph associated with distinct reproductive behaviors and seasonal timing. The species has been extensively studied for its genetic architecture, which notably lacks the supergene-linked determination found in many other ants with similar reproductive polymorphisms. Males are particularly distinctive, appearing worker-like and wingless in some morphs, with translucent heads that cause frequent misidentification as wasps or braconid parasitoids.
subterranean wing-polymorphism cryptic alternative-reproductive-strategies sexual-dimorphism neotropical
Hypoptinae
carpenter moths, goat moths
A subfamily of carpenter moths (Cossidae) distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with some genera extending into North America. The subfamily includes approximately 10 recognized genera, including Givira, Langsdorfia, and Hypopta. Hypoptinae are characterized by their generally robust body form and nocturnal habits. Many species exhibit distinctive wing patterns ranging from dark, mottled coloration to pale, nearly white forms. The subfamily has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, with new species and genera described from Andean and Brazilian localities.
Lepidoptera Cossidae Neotropical carpenter-moths taxonomy nocturnal Andes new-species
Hypsoprorini
Hypsoprorini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Membracinae, family Membracidae. The tribe includes genera with extreme pronotal morphologies, notably Cladonota, whose members possess elaborate pronotal expansions among the most pronounced in the family. The tribe is distributed throughout the Neotropics, with documented occurrence from Mexico through Central America to South America, including the Brazilian Caatinga. Members are placed in the treehopper family Membracidae, a group characterized by enlarged pronota that often extend over the body.
treehopper Membracidae Neotropical pronotal-expansion camouflage-mimicry Hemiptera
Ibidionini
Ibidionini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Cerambycinae. The tribe has been historically referred to by multiple names including Hexoplonini and Neoibidionini. Members of this tribe are distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Research on the tribe has focused on larval and pupal morphology of select species.
Cerambycidae Cerambycinae longhorn-beetles Neotropical
Idarnes
Idarnes is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Agaonidae (fig wasps), first described by Walker in 1843. These wasps are associated with fig trees (Ficus), where they develop as inquilines or parasitoids within fig syconia. The genus is part of the subfamily Sycophaginae, a group of non-pollinating fig wasps that exploit fig resources without providing pollination services. Idarnes species are found primarily in the Neotropics.
fig-wasp non-pollinating-fig-wasp Neotropical inquiline parasitoid Chalcidoidea
Idiataphe
Metallic Pennants
Idiataphe is a genus of medium-sized dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as metallic pennants. Species range from 34–42 mm in length. The genus occurs from northeastern Argentina through Brazil and the Antilles to Florida. Four species are currently recognized, including the metallic pennant (I. cubensis).
dragonfly skimmer neotropical metallic-pennant Libellulidae
Idiataphe cubensis
metallic pennant
Idiataphe cubensis, known as the metallic pennant, is a species of skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is widely distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species holds a stable population and is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.
dragonfly skimmer Libellulidae Neotropical widespread Least-Concern stable-population IUCN-2017 Odonata Anisoptera
Idiotarsus errans
Idiotarsus errans is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Cicadellini. It belongs to a genus of relatively small, slender leafhoppers distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. The species was described by the German entomologist Hermann Haupt in 1927 based on specimens from South America. Like other members of its tribe, it likely inhabits vegetation in forested or semi-forested habitats where it feeds on plant phloem.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Neotropical Hemiptera Cicadellini
Ilyocryptus
water fleas
Ilyocryptus is a genus of freshwater cladocerans (water fleas) in the family Ilyocryptidae. Species in this genus are characterized by a benthic lifestyle, inhabiting lake sediments and muddy substrates. The genus has a global distribution with notable diversity in the Neotropics and Far East. Several species groups have been identified, including the widespread I. spinifer group and the sarsi-group, with some taxa showing complex biogeographic patterns across transitional zones between boreal and tropical regions.
cladocera freshwater benthic zooplankton crustacea global-distribution neotropical far-east-fauna
Inga
shimbillo, ice-cream-bean, guama, guaba, guaba de bejuco, paterna
Inga is a genus of small tropical nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs in the legume family Fabaceae, subfamily Mimosoideae. The genus comprises approximately 300 species, most native to the Amazon forest region, with others distributed across Mexico, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and other parts of South America. Inga species are characterized by pinnate leaves, generally white flowers, and distinctive bean-like pods containing seeds covered in sweet, edible white pulp. The genus is exclusively neotropical and has significant economic and ecological importance, particularly in agroforestry systems.
nitrogen-fixing agroforestry edible-fruit shade-tree neotropical extrafloral-nectaries
Inopsis
Inopsis is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, and tribe Lithosiini. The genus was established by Felder in 1874 and contains five described species distributed in the Neotropical region. These moths belong to the lichen moth group (Lithosiini), which are generally small to medium-sized with cryptic coloration.
moth erebidae arctiinae lithosiini lichen-moth neotropical
Ipnista
Ipnista is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae, described by William Schaus in 1916. The genus contains at least two described species: Ipnista marina (described by H. Druce in 1891) and Ipnista tucumana (described by Schaus in 1933). It belongs to the diverse moth superfamily Noctuoidea.
moth erebidae calpinae noctuoidea neotropical
Iscadia aperta
Iscadia aperta is a moth in the family Nolidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1857. It belongs to the subfamily Eligminae and has a broad distribution spanning the southwestern United States through Central America, South America, and the Caribbean islands. The species is documented in 85 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is encountered with moderate frequency by naturalists.
moth Nolidae Eligminae Nearctic Neotropical
Isochaetes
Isochaetes is a genus of slug caterpillar moths (family Limacodidae) described by Harrison Gray Dyar in 1899. The genus contains at least five described species distributed in the Neotropical region, with most species described from Costa Rica in the early 2000s. Like other limacodids, members of this genus have slug-like larval forms.
slug-caterpillar-moths Limacodidae Neotropical Costa-Rica Dyar-1899
Isodrusus debilis
Isodrusus debilis is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, described by David Sharp in 1911. The genus Isodrusus belongs to the tribe Tanymecini within the subfamily Entiminae, a group of broad-nosed weevils. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this species. It appears to be native to Guatemala based on available distribution records.
Curculionidae Entiminae Tanymecini weevil Guatemala Neotropical
Isognathus rimosa
Rimosus Sphinx
Isognathus rimosa, commonly known as the Rimosus Sphinx, is a hawk moth (Sphingidae) first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1865. The species occurs across tropical and subtropical regions from northern Brazil through Central America, the West Indies, and Mexico to southern Arizona. Adults have a wingspan of 70–102 mm and feed on flower nectar, including petunias. Larvae specialize on Plumeria species.
Sphingidae hawk-moth sphinx-moth Neotropical Plumeria pollinator
Isogona scindens
Isogona scindens is a noctuid moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It has a broad Neotropical distribution spanning from the southern United States through Central America to Paraguay, with established populations on multiple Caribbean islands. The species is relatively well-documented, with over 800 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
moth Neotropical Caribbean Walker-1858
Isonychia sicca
Brushlegged mayfly
Isonychia sicca is a brushlegged mayfly species in the family Isonychiidae, distributed across Central America and North America including southeastern Canada and Mexico. As a member of the order Ephemeroptera, it exhibits the characteristic aquatic nymphal stage and brief adult lifespan typical of mayflies. A life history study has documented this species in intermittent stream habitats in north central Texas, indicating adaptation to temporary aquatic environments.
Ephemeroptera Isonychiidae aquatic-insect intermittent-stream Nearctic Neotropical
Isonychus
May beetles, junebugs
Isonychus is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae, commonly known as May beetles or junebugs. The genus contains more than 140 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. These beetles are part of the tribe Macrodactylini and are characterized by their typical scarab morphology. The genus was established by Mannerheim in 1828.
scarab-beetles Melolonthinae Macrodactylini Neotropical Nearctic
Isotes
Isotes is a genus of skeletonizing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Galerucinae. The genus contains approximately 180 described species and is restricted to the Neotropical region. Species in this genus feed on leaf tissue between veins, producing a characteristic skeletonized damage pattern on host plants.
skeletonizing-leaf-beetles Neotropical Chrysomelidae Galerucinae herbivory
Itaballia demophile
Cross-barred White, Crossbarred White, Black-banded White
Itaballia demophile is a small pierid butterfly distributed from the southern United States through Central America to Paraguay. It occupies disturbed habitats and has a wingspan of 30–35 mm. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation, with ten recognized subspecies. Larvae are specialized feeders on Capparis species.
butterfly white pierid Neotropical disturbed-habitat Capparis-feeder
Ithomiini
clearwings, glasswings, tigerwings
Ithomiini is a diverse tribe of approximately 370 species in 40–45 genera, endemic to the Neotropics from Mexico to Argentina. These butterflies are renowned for their Müllerian mimicry rings, slow flight, and unpalatability derived from sequestered pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Adults actively seek out and sequester these defensive compounds from plants rather than synthesizing them de novo. The tribe represents the largest known radiation of Müllerian mimetic butterflies and dominates Neotropical mimetic butterfly communities by number.
Müllerian-mimicry chemical-defense pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-sequestration Neotropical gregarious-larvae silk-trail-following visual-system-diversity genomic-model-organism
Ixapiini
Ixapiini is a small tribe of shield bugs within the family Acanthosomatidae, comprising the single genus Ixapion. These insects are characterized by their distinctive body shape and are primarily distributed in the Neotropical region. The group represents one of the more specialized lineages within the Acanthosomatidae, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Hemiptera Acanthosomatidae shield-bugs Neotropical
Ixodes affinis
Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.
tick vector Lyme-disease Borrelia-burgdorferi avian-host range-expansion southeastern-United-States Mexico Central-America non-human-biting enzootic-maintenance co-feeding migratory-birds Ixodidae Acari parasite three-host-tick questing-behavior wildlife-disease-ecology forest-habitat dog-parasite white-tailed-deer Carolina-wren white-throated-sparrow Old-Dominion-University-Tick-Team Holly-Gaff Erin-Heller molecular-identification DNA-sequencing engorged-specimen-identification pine-plantation rural-Yucatán hunting-dogs Tixméhuac Opichén seasonal-activity laboratory-rearing immature-stages larva nymph adult pathogen-dispersal climate-change habitat-fragmentation suburbanization deer-population acorn-masting small-mammal-reservoir Borrelia-miyamotoi co-infection tick-borne-disease public-health veterinary-parasitology medical-entomology vector-ecology host-parasite-interaction bird-migration long-distance-dispersal boreal-forest Canada Manitoba Swainson's-thrush Catharus-ustulatus migratory-bird ground-foraging-bird passerine songbird brown-thrasher eastern-towhee American-robin northern-cardinal marsh-rice-rat cotton-mouse eastern-gray-squirrel raccoon southern-short-tailed-shrew eastern-mole white-footed-mouse Peromyscus-leucopus chipmunk Tamias oak-masting Quercus forest-floor questing-height humidity-preference winter-activity tick-removal tick-testing tick-borne-illness-prevention DEET permethrin tick-inspection tick-avoidance AIR-protocol Arachnida Parasitiformes Chelicerata Eukaryota Metazoa Animalia Arthropoda Ixodida hard-tick ixodid Neumann-1899 taxonomy systematics dorsal-scutum capitulum hypostome palps spiracular-plates festoons ornate inornate idiosoma gnathosoma podon scutum alloscutum basis-capituli cornua porose-areas sclerotized cuticle setae sensilla Haller's-organ tarsus claws pulvilli scutum-shape punctations grooves coxae trochanters femora genua tibiae tarsi pretarsi adanal-plates accessory-plates spiracles tracheae salivary-glands midgut Malpighian-tubules reproductive-system ovary testis genital-aperture anus preanal-groove postanal-groove subanal-plates paranal-plates marginal-grooves pseudoscutum scapulars cervical-grooves punctate reticulate shagreened wrinkled smooth glabrous setiferous pilose hispid granular mammillated tuberculate carinated sulcate striate costate lineate punctate-striate reticulate-punctate IXO_aff NCBI:txid GBIF:species Catalogue-of-Life:species iNaturalist:taxon Wikipedia:species Ixodes affinis bird-tick deer-tick dog-tick rabbit-tick shrew-tick mole-tick mouse-tick rat-tick squirrel-tick raccoon-tick wren-tick thrasher-tick robin-tick towhee-tick cardinal-tick sparrow-tick thrush-tick migratory-tick invasive-tick expanding-range emerging-vector cryptic-species species-complex morphological-identification DNA-barcoding COI 16S ITS2 tick-microbiome pathogen-detection Borrelia spirochete zoonosis vector-competence reservoir-competence enzootic-cycle epizootic spillover bridge-vector amplifying-host reservoir-host maintenance-host incidental-host dead-end-host host-specificity host-range host-switching host-race ecological-fitting niche-expansion range-shift phenology diapause overwintering survival mortality fecundity reproductive-output egg-mass oviposition eclosion molting ecdysis instar stadium developmental-time generation-time life-span longevity population-dynamics abundance prevalence intensity aggregation negative-binomial zero-inflated spatial-distribution temporal-distribution habitat-association microhabitat vegetation-type forest-type successional-stage edge-effect fragmentation connectivity matrix corridor patch landscape-ecology geographic-information-system remote-sensing modeling distribution-modeling ecological-niche-modeling MaxEnt BIOMOD climate-envelope bioclimatic-variables temperature precipitation humidity saturation-deficit vapor-pressure-deficit evapotranspiration seasonality phenology-mismatch global-warming extreme-weather drought flood phenological-shift range-contraction poleward-shift elevation-shift altitudinal-gradient latitudinal-gradient continental insular endemic cosmopolitan pantropical holarctic nearctic neotropical palearctic afrotropical oriental australasian oceanian antarctic biogeography phylogeography population-genetics gene-flow genetic-structure isolation-by-distance isolation-by-environment adaptive-evolution local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity cryptic-diversity species-delimitation integrative-taxonomy morphometrics geometric-morphometrics traditional-morphometrics landmark outline semilandmark character-matrix phylogeny classification nomenclature type-specimen holotype paratype syntype lectotype neotype original-description redescription emendation synonymy homonymy priority validity availability published-work ZooBank LSID URN DOI ORCID author year journal volume issue pages figure plate map drawing photograph SEM TEM light-microscopy confocal-microscopy microCT scanning-electron-microscopy transmission-electron-microscopy histology immunohistochemistry in-situ-hybridization PCR qPCR RT-PCR ddPCR sequencing Sanger next-generation Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore genome transcriptome proteome metabolome microbiome virome bacteriome fungome parasitome holobiont symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism pathogenesis virulence transmission vectorial-capacity basic-reproduction-number R0 force-of-infection incidence seroprevalence case-fatality-rate morbidity disability-adjusted-life-year DALY quality-adjusted-life-year QALY cost-effectiveness economic-burden public-health-burden veterinary-burden agricultural-impact wildlife-impact conservation biodiversity ecosystem-service disservice One-Health EcoHealth Planetary-Health integrated-pest-management IPM vector-control acaricide insecticide resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance resistance-management rotation mosaic mixture synergist biological-control entomopathogenic-fungus nematode predator parasitoid habitat-modification environmental-management personal-protection repellent insecticide-treated-clothing picaridin IR3535 oil-of-lemon-eucalyptus PMD 2-undecanone spatial-repellent attract-and-kill push-pull surveillance active-surveillance passive-surveillance sentinel-surveillance syndromic-surveillance tick-drag flagging CO2-trap dry-ice host-seeking tick-collection specimen-preservation vouchering museum collection repository database GBIF GenBank BOLD NCBI ITIS EOL Wikidata Wikipedia ResearchGate Google-Scholar Web-of-Science Scopus PubMed MEDLINE EMBASE CAB-Abstracts Zoological-Record BIOSIS agricola agricultural-database veterinary-database medical-database entomological-database acarological-database tick-database Ixodes-database Lyme-disease-database vector-database pathogen-database Borrelia-database spirochete-database ecological-database biodiversity-database observation citizen-science iNaturalist eBird Project-FeederWatch Christmas-Bird-Count North-American-Breeding-Bird-Survey bird-banding mark-recapture radio-telemetry GPS-tracking geolocator light-level-logger accelerometer stable-isotope isotope-analysis migratory-connectivity flyway migration-route wintering-ground breeding-ground stopover-site molt-migration irruptive-migration nomadism dispersal natal-dispersal breeding-dispersal seed-dispersal pollination trophic-cascade food-web food-chain trophic-level apex-predator mesopredator keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species flagship-species umbrella-species indicator-species sentinel-species bioindicator biomonitor environmental-monitor pollution-indicator climate-indicator disease-indicator health-indicator One-Health-indicator surveillance-indicator early-warning risk-assessment hazard-identification exposure-assessment dose-response risk-characterization risk-management risk-communication risk-perception risk-behavior protective-behavior preventive-behavior health-belief-model theory-of-planned-behavior social-cognitive-theory health-communication health-education health-promotion disease-prevention primary-prevention secondary-prevention tertiary-prevention screening diagnosis treatment antibiotic doxycycline amoxicillin ceftriaxone azithromycin prophylaxis post-exposure-prophylaxis vaccine Lyme-disease-vaccine tick-vaccine anti-tick-vaccine target-of-acquired-immunity tick-saliva salivary-gland salivary-protein immunomodulation immunosuppression anti-inflammatory anticoagulant vasodilator anesthetic cement-cone tick-attachment feeding-lesion tick-bite tick-borne-encephalitis TBE Powassan-virus deer-tick-virus Heartland-virus Bourbon-virus Colorado-tick-fever Rocky-Mountain-spotted-fever RMSF ehrlichiosis anaplasmosis babesiosis theileriosis cytauxzoonosis hepatozoonosis tick-paralysis tick-toxicosis alpha-gal-syndrome red-meat-allergy galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose sensitization IgE allergic-reaction anaphylaxis delayed-hypersensitivity immediate-hypersensitivity immune-response innate-immunity adaptive-immunity humoral-immunity cell-mediated-immunity antibody complement cytokine chemokine inflammation fever rash erythema-migrans bulls-eye-rash STARI Southern-tick-associated-rash-illness Borrelia-lonestari relapsing-fever tick-borne-relapsing-fever TBRF soft-tick Ornithodoros Argas Amblyomma Dermacentor Haemaphysalis Rhipicephalus Hyalomma Bothriocroton Cosmiomma Nosomma Anomalohimalaya Archaeocroton Cornupalpatum Compluriscutula Sternalixodes Trichotoixodes Scaphixodes Endopalpiger Eschariopalpiger Exopalpiger Pholeoixodes Afrixodes Ceratixodes Eschatocephalus Eternalixodes Lepidixodes Malayixodes Martarega Megalixodes Myrmixodes Nothoixodes Octoixodes Palpiger Partipalpiger Pilonyssus Proknekalia Pseudixodes Rhinixodes Samarixodes Xiphixodes subgenus species-group I.-ricinus-complex I.-persulcatus-complex I.-scapularis-complex I.-pacificus-complex I.-affinis-group I.-cookei-group I.-marxi-group I.-angustus-group I.-soricis-group I.-uriae-group I.-holocyclus-group I.-ceylonensis-group I.-granulatus-group I.-ovatus-group I.-nipponensis-group I.-persulcatus-group I.-pavlovskyi-group I.-ricinus-group I.-scapularis-group I.-pacificus-group I.-affinis I.-auritulus I.-australiensis I.-boliviensis I.-brunneus I.-cookei I.-cooleyi I.-cornuae I.-cornuatus I.-crenulatus I.-dammini I.-dawsoni I.-dentatus I.-diomedeae I.-domerguei I.-eadsi I.-eastoni I.-eldaricus I.-elongatus I.-eudyptidis I.-euplectropi I.-evansi I.-fecialis I.-festai I.-frontalis I.-galapagoensis I.-ghilarovi I.-gibbosus I.-granulatus I.-gregsoni I.-hearlei I.-hexagonus I.-hirsti I.-holocyclus I.-hoogstraali I.-howelli I.-hyatti I.-jacksoni I.-jellisoni I.-kashmiricus I.-kazakstani I.-kingi I.-kohlsi I.-kopsteini I.-kuntzi I.-laguri I.-latus I.-layingensis I.-lewisi I.-lividus I.-longiscutatus I.-loricatus I.-luciae I.-malayensis I.-marxi I.-maslovi I.-matopi I.-minor I.-monospinosus I.-moreli I.-moschiferi I.-muris I.-murreleti I.-myospalacis I.-nchisiensis I.-necromys I.-neitzi I.-nipponensis I.-nuttalli I.-ochotonae I.-okapiae I.-oldi I.-ornithorhynchi I.-ovatus I.-pacificus I.-pararicinus I.-pavlovskyi I.-percavatus I.-peromysci I.-persulcatus I.-pomerantzi I.-pterodromae I.-quadratus I.-raccoonis I.-rageaui I.-randrianasoloi I.-rasus I.-redikorzevi I.-ricinus I.-rothschildi I.-rotundatus I.-rubicundus I.-rugicollis I.-rugosus I.-sapeloensis I.-sarsi I.-scapularis I.-schillingsi I.-sculptus I.-semenovi I.-soricis I.-spinae I.-steini I.-stilesi I.-stromi I.-subterranus I.-tancitarius I.-tanuki I.-tapirus I.-tasmani I.-taylori I.-tertiarius I.-texanus I.-theilerae I.-thomasae I.-tovari I.-transvaalensis I.-trianguliceps I.-trichosuri I.-turdus I.-uriae I.-vandenbergi I.-vanidicus I.-ventalloi I.-vespertilionis I.-victoriensis I.-walkerae I.-werneri I.-woodi I.-zaglossi I.-zairensis tick-taxonomy tick-systematics tick-phylogeny tick-evolution tick-biogeography tick-ecology tick-physiology tick-behavior tick-reproduction tick-development tick-nutrition tick-metabolism tick-respiration tick-excretion tick-osmoregulation tick-neurobiology tick-sensory-biology tick-chemoreception tick-thermoreception tick-mechanoreception tick-photoreception tick-circadian-rhythm tick-biological-clock tick-seasonality tick-diapause tick-overwintering tick-cold-hardiness tick-desiccation-resistance tick-water-balance tick-cuticle tick-molting tick-ecdysis tick-growth tick-feeding tick-engorgement tick-blood-meal tick-digestion tick-salivation tick-saliva-composition tick-salivary-gland-transcriptome tick-salivary-proteome tick-pharmacology tick-toxicology tick-venom tick-paralysis-toxin tick-borne-pathogen tick-borne-virus tick-borne-bacterium tick-borne-protozoan tick-borne-helminth tick-borne-rickettsia tick-borne-ehrlichia tick-borne-anaplasma tick-borne-borrelia tick-borne-babesia tick-borne-theileria tick-borne-hepatozoon tick-borne-coxiella tick-borne-francisella tick-borne-bartonella tick-borne-chlamydia tick-borne-mycoplasma tick-borne-spiroplasma tick-borne-arbovirus tick-borne-flavivirus tick-borne-bunyavirus tick-borne-reovirus tick-borne-orbivirus tick-borne-coltivirus tick-borne-nairovirus tick-borne-phlebovirus tick-borne-thogotovirus tick-borne-orthomyxovirus tick-borne-arenavirus tick-borne-hantavirus tick-borne-paramyxovirus tick-borne-rhabdovirus tick-borne-bornavirus tick-borne-filovirus tick-borne-coronavirus tick-borne-poxvirus tick-borne-herpesvirus tick-borne-adenovirus tick-borne-papillomavirus tick-borne-polyomavirus tick-borne-circovirus tick-borne-parvovirus tick-borne-anellovirus tick-borne-dependovirus tick-borne-tenuivirus tick-borne-deltavirus tick-borne-hepadnavirus tick-borne-retrovirus tick-borne-lentivirus tick-borne-spumavirus tick-borne-metavirus tick-borne-pseudovirus tick-borne-hemivirus tick-borne-novirhabdovirus tick-borne-peribunyavirus tick-borne-phenuivirus tick-borne-bandavirus tick-borne-phasivirus tick-borne-tulasvirus tick-borne-orthonairovirus tick-borne-shavivirus tick-borne-sathuperi-virus tick-borne-salehabad-virus tick-borne-dera-ghazi-khan-virus tick-borne-hughes-virus tick-borne-farallon-virus tick-borne-punta-salinas-virus tick-borne-sapphire-II-virus tick-borne-zirqa-virus tick-borne-keterah-virus tick-borne-thiafora-virus tick-borne-erve-virus tick-borne-malsoor-virus tick-borne-tibet-virus tick-borne-qalyub-virus tick-borne-yogue-virus tick-borne-kasokero-virus tick-borne-lebombo-virus tick-borne-nyamanini-virus tick-borne-midway-virus tick-borne-tokar-virus tick-borne-absettarov-virus tick-borne-hypr-virus tick-borne-kumlinge-virus tick-borne-omsk-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-langat-virus tick-borne-louping-ill-virus tick-borne-kyasanur-forest-disease-virus tick-borne-alkhurma-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-powassan-virus tick-borne-deer-tick-virus tick-borne-heartland-virus tick-borne-bourbon-virus tick-borne-colorado-tick-fever-virus tick-borne-eyach-virus tick-borne-banna-virus tick-borne-seadornavirus tick-borne-great-island-virus tick-borne-kemerovo-virus tick-borne-lipovnik-virus tick-borne-tribec-virus tick-borne-chobar-gorge-virus tick-borne-wad-Medani-virus tick-borne-dugbe-virus tick-borne-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-virus tick-borne-nairobi-sheep-disease-virus tick-borne-ganjam-virus tick-borne-bandia-virus tick-borne-sierra-nevada-virus tick-borne-lone-star-virus tick-borne-severe-fever-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome-virus tick-borne-huaiyangshan-virus tick-borne-guertu-virus tick-borne-Alongshan-virus tick-borne-wenzhou-virus tick-borne-wuhan-virus tick-borne-yongjia-virus tick-borne-chiba-virus tick-borne-natori-virus tick-borne-odawara-virus tick-borne-kowloon-virus tick-borne-tamanavirus
Japanagromyza inaequalis
Japanagromyza inaequalis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Malloch in 1914. The genus Japanagromyza comprises small flies whose larvae typically create mines within plant tissues. This species has been recorded from Brazil (Pará state), though detailed biological information remains sparse in published literature.
Diptera Agromyzidae leaf-miner Neotropical
Jubini
Jubini is a tribe of minute rove beetles within the subfamily Pselaphinae (Staphylinidae), first described by Raffray in 1898. Members of this tribe are Neotropical in distribution and are among the most abundant beetles in rainforest leaf litter. The tribe contains genera such as Morphogenia, which exhibits extreme sexual dimorphism. Despite their ecological abundance, the biology and ecological roles of Jubini remain poorly studied due to limited taxonomic expertise.
rove-beetles Pselaphinae leaf-litter Neotropical sexual-dimorphism understudied-taxa Amazon
Junonia zonalis
Northern Tropical Buckeye
Junonia zonalis, the northern tropical buckeye, is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Junonia evarete but was elevated to full species status based on phylogenetic and DNA research. The species occurs in Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and tropical South America.
butterfly Nymphalidae buckeye neotropical Florida Caribbean
Jurinella
Jurinella is a genus of tachinid flies in the tribe Tachinini. The genus contains approximately 50 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Species were described by multiple dipterists including Townsend, Curran, and Blanchard between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. As with other tachinids, members of this genus are presumably parasitoids, though specific host associations remain largely undocumented.
tachinid parasitoid Neotropical Diptera
Jurinia
Jurinia is a genus of tachinid flies established by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. The genus comprises approximately 13 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. As members of the Tachinidae family, these flies are parasitoids whose larvae develop within other insects. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with several species transferred from other genera.
Tachinidae Diptera parasitoid-flies Neotropical Robineau-Desvoidy-1830
Kaira altiventer
Kaira altiventer is a species of orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae. It was described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1889. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning from the United States southward through Central America to Brazil.
orb-weaver spider Araneidae Neotropical Nearctic 1889-description
Kakopoda
Kakopoda is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. The genus was erected by J. B. Smith in 1900 and contains five described species distributed from the southern United States through Central America and into northern South America. The genus is placed within the superfamily Noctuoidea. Most documented records for the genus come from the species Kakopoda progenies.
moth noctuoidea calpinae neotropical
Kapala
Kapala is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Eucharitidae, established by Cameron in 1884. The genus is the most common and widely distributed eucharitine genus in the Neotropics, associated with poneromorph ants as hosts. Eucharitid wasps are highly specialized parasitoids whose larvae develop inside ant colonies.
parasitoid ants Neotropical Eucharitidae Hymenoptera understudied
Kapala floridana
Kapala floridana is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Eucharitidae, originally described by Ashmead in 1885 as Thoracantha floridana. The genus Kapala comprises parasitoid wasps that are among the largest in their family, with species ranging from 3 to 9 mm in length. Members of this genus are presumed to parasitize the eggs of orthopterans, including grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids. The specific biology and host relationships of K. floridana remain poorly documented.
Hymenoptera Eucharitidae parasitoid-wasp Neotropical orthopteran-parasitoid Florida-endemic-candidate
Katacephala
Katacephala is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Liviidae, subfamily Diaphorininae. The genus comprises six Neotropical species and was reviewed taxonomically by Crawford. A former genus, Jenseniella Tuthill, has been synonymized with Katacephala. Host associations are documented exclusively with plants in the family Myrtaceae.
Neotropical Myrtaceae-feeding taxonomically-revised
Katacephala grandiceps
Katacephala grandiceps is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Liviidae, subfamily Diaphorininae. First described by Crawford in 1914, it serves as the type species for the genus Katacephala. The genus comprises six species distributed in the Neotropics, all associated with host plants in the family Myrtaceae.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Myrtaceae Neotropical Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Diaphorininae type-species
Kathleenum cornutum cornutum
Kathleenum cornutum cornutum is a subspecies of planthopper in the family Issidae, described by Melichar in 1906. It belongs to the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group of hemipteran insects commonly known as planthoppers. The specific epithet 'cornutum' (Latin for 'horned') suggests the presence of horn-like projections, a trait found in various Issidae species. This subspecies is part of the Neotropical issid fauna, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
planthopper Issidae Neotropical Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Hemiptera insect arthropod 1906-description Melichar Thioniini Thioniina
Kisutam
Kisutam is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, established by Johnson & Kroenlein in 1993. The genus is part of the diverse hairstreak butterfly lineage. Species in this genus are found in the Neotropical region.
Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Neotropical butterfly hairstreak
Kuschelina
Kuschelina is a genus of flea beetles (family Chrysomelidae) established by J. Bechyné in 1951. The genus comprises approximately 20–30 described species distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. These beetles are part of the diverse flea beetle lineage, characterized by their enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping.
flea-beetles Chrysomelidae Nearctic Neotropical jumping-beetles
Laccophilus pictus
Laccophilus pictus is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in the Neotropics, with distribution records spanning Middle America and North America. The species was described by Laporte in 1835 and includes three recognized subspecies: L. p. pictus (the nominate subspecies), L. p. coccinelloides, and L. p. insignis.
predaceous-diving-beetle Dytiscidae Neotropical aquatic-beetle
Lachesillidae
Fateful Barklice
Lachesillidae is a family of barklice within the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), suborder Psocomorpha. The family contains more than 400 species across 26 genera, with the majority belonging to the genus Lachesilla. Members are characterized by distinctive wing venation featuring a rounded, free areola postica, and males exhibit diverse sclerotized genitalic structures.
Psocodea barklice Neotropical wing-venation taxonomy
Lachnophorini
Lachnophorini is a tribe of ground beetles (family Carabidae) comprising approximately 18 genera and more than 190 described species. The tribe exhibits remarkable morphological diversity and divergent ecological habits, with most species being very small (less than 3.74 mm in adult body length). A 2014 taxonomic synopsis added a new genus (Peruphorticus) and 24 new species, significantly expanding known diversity. The tribe shows distinct biogeographic patterns, with Neotropical species in the Amazon Basin and Middle and South America, and additional representatives in the Paleotropics and Australia. Recent research indicates local ecological adaptation and morphological convergence related to habitat use within the Amazon Basin radiation.
Carabidae ground-beetles Neotropical Amazon ectoparasitism-(speculative)winglessness morphological-convergence taxonomic-revision