Endemic
Guides
Neocryphoeca
Neocryphoeca is a genus of small North American araneomorph spiders in the family Cybaeidae, established by V. D. Roth in 1970. It contains only two described species, both endemic to the United States: N. beattyi and N. gertschi. The genus was originally classified with funnel weavers (Agelenidae) but was reassigned to Cybaeidae in 1983 based on morphological evidence. Cybaeidae spiders are generally associated with moist microhabitats and build simple sheet webs or silk retreats.
Neocylloepus
Neocylloepus is a genus of riffle beetles in the family Elmidae, established by Brown in 1970. The genus contains eight described species, all distributed in Colombia. These beetles are associated with freshwater habitats, specifically riffle environments in streams and rivers.
Neodavisia singularis
Neodavisia singularis is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913 based on specimens collected in the Everglades region of Florida. The species is known only from Florida and remains poorly documented, with few subsequent records. Its small size and restricted distribution make it a rarely encountered species.
Neoheliodines
Neoheliodines is a genus of small moths in the family Heliodinidae, described by Hsu and Powell in 2005. The genus is endemic to the Americas and contains five described species. Members of this genus are part of a family known for their often metallic or iridescent wing coloration.
Neolycus fernandezi
Neolycus fernandezi is a species of net-winged beetle in the family Lycidae. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive elytral venation and soft, flexible bodies. The species was described from the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile, representing an insular endemic with restricted geographic distribution. Like other lycids, adults are likely diurnal and visually conspicuous.
Neomochtherus pallipes
Devon red-legged robber fly
Neomochtherus pallipes, commonly known as the Devon red-legged robber fly, is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae. The species is listed as Critically Endangered in the UK and is endemic to or strongly associated with the Devon region of southwest England. It inhabits species-rich grasslands where it serves as a predator of other insects. Conservation efforts for this species are tied to habitat management practices including cattle grazing that maintains structural diversity in grassland swards.
Neonemobius eurynotus
California ground cricket, Bay Area ground cricket
Neonemobius eurynotus is a small ground cricket endemic to coastal California. It occurs primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area, where it inhabits terrestrial ground-level environments. The species was described in 1918 and remains poorly studied, with limited observational records available.
Neopyrochroa californica
Neopyrochroa californica is a species of fire-colored beetle in the family Pyrochroidae, endemic to California. The genus Neopyrochroa comprises beetles characterized by soft, flexible elytra and often vivid coloration. Members of Pyrochroidae are commonly associated with rotting wood and fungal habitats. This species is distinguished from congeners by its California distribution, though specific distinguishing features remain poorly documented in published literature.
Neotarache
Neotarache is a monotypic moth genus in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Condicinae. The genus contains a single species, Neotarache deserticola, described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1922. It is endemic to Nevada, USA. The genus name reflects its relatively recent taxonomic recognition compared to related genera.
Neotarache deserticola
Neotarache deserticola is a moth species and the sole member of its genus, first described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1922. The species is endemic to Nevada, USA. The genus Neotarache is monotypic within the family Noctuidae, subfamily Condicinae. Available records indicate limited observational data, with 34 iNaturalist observations documented.
Neotibicen similaris apalachicola
Apalachicola Scissor-Grinder
Neotibicen similaris apalachicola is a subspecies of annual cicada described in 2017, endemic to the Apalachicola region of the southeastern United States. As a member of the dog-day cicada group, it shares the characteristic biology of Neotibicen species: nymphs develop underground for multiple years feeding on root sap, with overlapping generations producing adults annually during mid- to late summer. The subspecies designation reflects geographic isolation and presumably subtle morphological or acoustic differentiation from the nominate form.
Neotridactylus archboldi
Archbold pygmy mole cricket, scrub pygmy mole cricket
Neotridactylus archboldi, commonly known as the Archbold pygmy mole cricket or scrub pygmy mole cricket, is a species of pygmy mole cricket endemic to Florida. It inhabits Florida scrub habitat specifically on the Lake Wales Ridge. The species was described in 1996 by Deyrup and Eisner.
Nesticidae
cave cobweb spiders, scaffold web spiders
Nesticidae is a family of spiders closely allied with Theridiidae (tangle web spiders), distinguished by a comb of serrated bristles on the hind tarsi used to pull silk bands from the spinnerets. The family contains approximately 15 genera and 280 species, with many species associated with caves, overhangs, and subterranean habitats. Members show varying degrees of troglomorphic adaptation, from fully cave-adapted troglobionts to surface-dwelling forms. The genus Nesticus, the type genus, has a global distribution and has undergone extensive radiation in montane regions.
Nesticus barri
Nesticus barri is a species of cave spider in the family Nesticidae, first described by Willis J. Gertsch in 1984. The species is endemic to the United States. Members of the genus Nesticus are commonly known as cave cobweb spiders or scaffold web spiders, typically inhabiting dark, humid environments.
Nesticus brimleyi
Nesticus brimleyi is a species of cave-dwelling spider in the family Nesticidae, described by Gertsch in 1984. Members of this genus are commonly known as scaffold web spiders or cave spiders. The species is endemic to the United States.
Nesticus carolinensis
Linville Caverns Spider
Nesticus carolinensis is a species of cave-dwelling spider in the family Nesticidae, first described by Bishop in 1950 under the basionym Ivesia carolinensis. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States and is commonly known as the Linville Caverns Spider. Like other members of the genus Nesticus, it exhibits adaptations to subterranean habitats including reduced pigmentation and elongated appendages.
Nesticus furtivus
Crystal Caverns Cave Spider
Nesticus furtivus is a small cave-dwelling spider endemic to a single cave system in Tennessee. It belongs to the family Nesticidae, a group commonly known as cave spiders or scaffold web spiders. The species has been documented only from Raccoon Mountain Caverns (formerly Crystal Caverns) near Chattanooga, making it one of the most geographically restricted spider species in North America. Its specific epithet 'furtivus' refers to its secretive, hidden lifestyle in subterranean habitats.
Neurocordulia alabamensis
Alabama Shadowdragon
Neurocordulia alabamensis, the Alabama Shadowdragon, is a dragonfly species in the family Corduliidae described in 1955. It belongs to a genus of shadowdragons known for crepuscular flight activity. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, with documented populations in Alabama and adjacent regions. Like other Neurocordulia species, it is associated with riverine habitats and exhibits distinctive flight behavior during low-light conditions.
Nevadasilus blantoni
Nevadasilus blantoni is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) in the genus Nevadasilus. It is a predatory dipteran endemic to the western United States, specifically associated with Nevada and surrounding arid regions. The species is named in honor of entomologist John Blanton. As with other Asilidae, it is presumed to be an aerial predator of other insects, though detailed studies of its biology remain limited.
Nevadopalpa
Nevadopalpa is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae, established by Povolný in 1998. The genus contains seven described species, all described by Povolný between 1998 and 1999. All known species are endemic to California and Nevada in western North America. The genus name reflects its primary distribution in the Great Basin region centered on Nevada.
New-genus-on-dichanthelium
New-genus-on-dichanthelium is a genus of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. The genus name derives from its association with host plants in the genus Dichanthelium, a group of panic grasses. Delphacids are characterized by a movable spur on the hind tibia, an adaptation for jumping. Species in this genus appear to be specialized feeders on Dichanthelium grasses.
Nicrophorus nigrita
Black Burying Beetle
Nicrophorus nigrita, the black burying beetle, is a species of carrion beetle described by Mannerheim in 1843. It is distinguished from other Nearctic burying beetles by its uniformly black elytra lacking the typical orange or red markings found in congeners. Adults range from 12–28 mm in length and possess distinctive red-orange antennal clubs. The species occurs along the western coast of North America.
Nisquallia
Olympic Grasshoppers
Nisquallia is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, containing at least one described species, N. olympica. The genus was established by Rehn in 1952 and is endemic to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. These grasshoppers belong to the diverse subfamily Melanoplinae, which includes many North American species.
Nocloa nanata
Chihuahuan Nocloa
Nocloa nanata is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, described by Neumoegen in 1884. It is endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert region of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The species is known by the common name Chihuahuan Nocloa, reflecting its restricted geographic association with this arid ecosystem. It belongs to the tribe Psaphidini within the subfamily Amphipyrinae, a group of owlet moths adapted to arid and semi-arid environments.
Nolima pinal
Nolima pinal is a mantidfly species endemic to the southwestern United States, ranging from Arizona to Nevada. First described by Rehn in 1939, the species was redescribed in a 2019 taxonomic revision that synonymized N. dine and N. kantsi under it. The species is distinguished by distinctive male abdominal cuticular structures and genitalic morphology, including a strongly projecting, deeply bifid male mediuncus apex and a female spermatheca with a distal accessory gland. Its forewing has a short subcostal space with Sc contacting C near the middle of the costal margin, distal to the pterostigma base.
Notiophilus sierranus
mountain big-eyed beetle
Notiophilus sierranus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, endemic to California. Adults are characterized by reduced flight wings (brachypterous condition). The species belongs to a genus known for large, prominent eyes adapted for visual hunting.
Nudorthodes molino
Nudorthodes molino is a small moth in the family Noctuidae, first described in 2014. It is endemic to the southwestern United States, occurring in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. The species is named after Molino Basin on Mount Lemmon, Arizona, where most type specimens were collected. Adults are active during two distinct periods: late spring (May–June) and late summer through early autumn (August–November).
Nudorthodes variabilis
Nudorthodes variabilis is a noctuid moth described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1912. It is restricted to the coastal region of southern California, ranging from Santa Barbara County to San Diego County. The species is characterized by distinctive forewing markings, including a prominent medial line and a well-defined dark blue-gray patch in the lower portion of the reniform spot. Adults are active in late summer, with flight records from late August to mid-September.
Nuntianus cubanus
Nuntianus cubanus is a species of hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) endemic to Cuba. Originally described as Baccha cubana by Hull in 1943, it was later transferred to the genus Nuntianus. The genus Nuntianus is a small group of Neotropical hoverflies characterized by elongated bodies and reduced wing venation. Information on the biology and ecology of this species remains limited.
Nyctoporis carinata
armored night-walker, flightless darkling beetle
Nyctoporis carinata is a flightless darkling beetle endemic to California, found in leaf litter and rocky debris along the coast and Coast Ranges. Adults measure 12–16 mm and are characterized by fused, non-functional wing covers (elytra) that render them permanently flightless. The species exhibits a heavily sculptured exoskeleton with indentations, bumps, and ridges. Preliminary genetic analysis suggests possible conspecificity with Nyctoporis vandykei.
Odonteus floridensis
Odonteus floridensis is a species of earth-boring scarab beetle in the family Geotrupidae, described by Wallis in 1928. It is endemic to Florida, where it inhabits sandy scrub habitats. As a member of the Bolboceratinae, it is adapted for burrowing in soil.
Odontomachus clarus
Florida trap-jaw ant
Odontomachus clarus is a species of trap-jaw ant endemic to the Florida scrub habitat on the Lake Wales Ridge in Florida. As a member of the genus Odontomachus, it possesses the characteristic elongated mandibles capable of rapid closure. The species is restricted to a specific and threatened ecosystem, making it of conservation interest.
Odontomachus relictus
Florida Scrub Trap-jaw Ant
Odontomachus relictus is a species of trap-jaw ant endemic to Florida, where it inhabits endangered scrub habitat on ancient sand ridges. It was described by Deyrup & Cover in 2004. Research suggests that populations on separate sand ridges may represent distinct species, which would make them among the rarest ants in North America. The species possesses the characteristic spring-loaded mandibles of the genus Odontomachus.
Oecanthus laricis
Tamarack Tree Cricket, Laricis Tree Cricket
A small tree cricket endemic to the Great Lakes region of North America. Adults measure 13–15 mm with green forewings. The species produces one generation annually and is closely associated with tamarack (Larix laricina) and other coniferous trees.
Oenopion zopheroides
Oenopion zopheroides is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, first described by Horn in 1874. The species is endemic to Mexico and belongs to a genus of relatively obscure beetles with limited published documentation. Available records indicate it is a rarely collected species with few observations in natural history databases.
Okanagana yakimaensis
Okanagana yakimaensis is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, described by Davis in 1939. The species is endemic to Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Like other members of the genus Okanagana, it is an annual cicada with a life cycle spanning multiple years underground as nymphs before emerging as adults. The genus Okanagana comprises approximately 60 species distributed primarily in western North America.
Olophrum obtectum
Olophrum obtectum is a rove beetle in the subfamily Omaliinae, endemic to eastern North America. It was formally revised and recognized as distinct from holarctic congeners in a 1983 taxonomic treatment. The species is one of seven North American Olophrum species and is distinguished by its restricted eastern distribution.
Omalorphanus
Omalorphanus is a monotypic genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) described in 1987 from the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon. The sole species, Omalorphanus aenigma, was noted by its authors for possessing multiple unusual morphological features that complicated its taxonomic placement. The genus was ultimately assigned to subfamily Omaliinae based on its distinctive defense gland structure and spiracle arrangement.
Omus californicus californicus
California Night-stalking Tiger Beetle
Omus californicus californicus is the nominate subspecies of the California night-stalking tiger beetle, a flightless, nocturnal carabid beetle endemic to California. Adults are active primarily in spring and early summer, with larvae occupying permanent burrows in soil. The species exhibits strong habitat fidelity to specific substrates and moisture conditions. Unlike diurnal tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela, Omus species are crepuscular to nocturnal hunters that do not rely on vision for prey capture.
Omus cazieri
Mount Ashland Night-stalking Tiger Beetle, Cazier's night-stalking tiger beetle
Omus cazieri is a nocturnal tiger beetle species endemic to the western United States, specifically known from southwestern Oregon and adjacent northern California. It belongs to the genus Omus, a group of flightless, night-active tiger beetles distinguished by their cylindrical body form and reduced eyes. The species is named in honor of entomologist Mont Cazier.
Onomeris
Onomeris is a genus of pill millipedes endemic to the eastern United States. First described by Orator F. Cook in 1896, the genus was briefly considered the type of its own family Onomeridae before being placed in Glomeridae based on similarities to the European genus Glomeris. The genus contains three recognized species: O. underwoodii, O. sinuata, and O. australora. Onomeris millipedes are notably smaller than other Glomeridae genera, measuring less than 5 mm in length.
Operophtera danbyi
Operophtera danbyi is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, described by George Duryea Hulst in 1896. It is one of three recognized North American species in the genus Operophtera, alongside O. brumata and O. bruceata. The species is endemic to North America and has been recorded in iNaturalist with over 300 observations. Its MONA (Moths of North America) or Hodges number is 7439.
Ophiogomphus edmundo
Edmund's Snaketail
Ophiogomphus edmundo, commonly known as Edmund's Snaketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the United States. The species inhabits river systems and is currently threatened by habitat loss. Specific details regarding its distribution within the United States, population status, and ecological requirements remain limited in available sources.
Ophiogomphus howei
Pygmy Snaketail
Ophiogomphus howei, commonly known as the pygmy snaketail, is the smallest species in its genus in North America. This rare gomphid dragonfly is endemic to the United States and exhibits a highly disjunct distribution pattern across two main regions: the Great Lakes area and the Appalachian Mountains. Recent discoveries in southern Michigan suggest the species may be more adaptable to disturbed habitats than previously thought.
Ophiogomphus incurvatus
Appalachian snaketail
Ophiogomphus incurvatus, commonly known as the Appalachian snaketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the United States. The species inhabits intermittent rivers and is one of several snaketail dragonflies in the genus Ophiogomphus.
Opomydas townsendi
Opomydas townsendi is a species of mydas fly (family Mydidae), a group of large, predatory flies known for their elongated bodies and distinctive wing venation. The species was originally described as Ectyphus townsendi by Williston in 1898 and later transferred to the genus Opomydas. It is endemic to New Mexico, where it inhabits arid and semi-arid environments. Like other mydas flies, adults are likely predatory or nectar-feeding, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.
Optioservus phaeus
Scott optioservus riffle beetle
Optioservus phaeus is a species of riffle beetle (family Elmidae) described by White in 1978. It belongs to a genus of small aquatic beetles inhabiting running waters. The species was described as part of a taxonomic revision based on male genitalia, elytral patterns, and geographic distribution. It is known from a highly restricted range in Kansas.
Orconectes
Orconectes is a genus of cave-dwelling freshwater crayfish endemic to the eastern United States. The genus was erected in 1872 by Edward Drinker Cope and originally contained 85 species in 11 subgenera. Following a 2017 taxonomic review, most surface-dwelling species were transferred to the genus Faxonius, leaving approximately 8 obligate cave-dwelling species in Orconectes. These subterranean crayfish exhibit classic troglomorphic traits including depigmentation, reduced eyes or blindness, and elongated appendages. Some species are extremely long-lived, though earlier claims of 176-year lifespans for O. australis were revised to 22 years or less in a 2012 study.
Oreodytes humboldtensis
Oreodytes humboldtensis is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae, described by Zimmerman in 1985. As a member of the genus Oreodytes, it belongs to a group of small diving beetles primarily associated with running water habitats. The species epithet suggests a connection to the Humboldt region, likely referring to Humboldt County or the broader Humboldt Bay area of coastal northern California. Like other Oreodytes species, it is presumed to be an aquatic predator in freshwater systems.
Oreoneta
A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
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