Nesticidae

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Nesticidae: //nɛˈstɪsɪˌdiː//

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Summary

Nesticidae, also known as scaffold web spiders or cave cobweb spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders characterized by their cobweb-like webs and specialized adaptations for cave environments. Comprising 48 known species in North America, they play an essential role in insect population control and are significant indicators of ecosystem health.

Physical Characteristics

Nesticidae have a comb of serrated bristles on the hind tarsi used for pulling silk bands from the spinnerets. They exhibit a range of body sizes and colors, generally exhibiting a slender appearance with long legs.

Identification Tips

Look for spiders in caves or overhangs. They can be identified by their distinct web structures, which are often scaffold-like or cobweb-like in appearance. The presence of serrated bristles on the hind tarsi is also a key feature.

Habitat

Primarily found in caves, overhangs, and sometimes in agricultural fields or forested areas.

Distribution

Globally distributed; specific species are localized, particularly in North America (e.g., the southeastern U.S. and Texas caves).

Diet

Primarily insectivorous, feeding on small insects that become trapped in their webs.

Life Cycle

Life cycles can vary by species, but they typically go through egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Females may lay eggs in silk cocoons, providing protection for the developing young.

Reproduction

Reproduction is sexual, with females often being larger than males. Mating behaviors can vary, and males may display certain behaviors to attract females.

Predators

Birds, larger arthropods, and other predators may consume Nesticidae spiders, particularly when they are exposed outside their webs.

Conservation Status

Some species, particularly localized ones like those in Texas caves, are considered threatened due to habitat loss.

Ecosystem Role

Nesticidae play a role in controlling insect populations within their habitats. They also serve as prey for larger animals in the ecosystem.

Economic Impact

Limited economic impact, but their presence can indicate healthy cave ecosystems.

Cultural Significance

Spiders in this family may feature in local folklore or natural history studies, particularly in cave ecosystems.

Collecting Methods

• Hand collecting from caves and overhangs
• Pitfall traps in habitats where they are known to exist

Preservation Methods

• Ethanol preservation
• Drying and pinning for scientific study

Evolution

Nesticidae is closely related to the Theridiidae family, indicating a common ancestry dating back to early araneomorphs. The family features a unique adaptation to cave environments.

Similar Taxa

• Theridiidae
• Sparassidae
• Philodromidae

Misconceptions

Many may confuse Nesticidae with other cobweb spiders like Theridiidae. However, Nesticidae are more specialized for cave and overhanging habitats.

Tags

• Nesticidae
• spiders
• cave spiders
• ecosystem indicators
• arachnology