Sexual-dimorphism
Guides
Cenophengus
glowworm beetles
Cenophengus is a genus of glowworm beetles (family Phengodidae) comprising 30 valid species distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions from the southwestern United States through Central America. Males are the only known life stage; females and immature stages remain undiscovered for all species. The genus was revised taxonomically in 2021, with new species described and geographic records expanded to include Belize and Honduras for the first time.
Cenophengus pallidus
Pale South Texas Glowworm
Cenophengus pallidus is a species of glowworm beetle in the family Phengodidae. It was described by Schaeffer in 1904 and is found in North America. The species is commonly known as the Pale South Texas Glowworm. Like other phengodid beetles, adults are bioluminescent, with females and larvae typically exhibiting the characteristic glowworm luminescence more prominently than males.
Centromerus cornupalpis
Eastern Spurred Sheetweaver
Centromerus cornupalpis is a sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae, known as the Eastern Spurred Sheetweaver. It is native to North America and exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in genital morphology. Males possess a distinctive horn-like projection on the paracymbium, while females have a characteristic narrow, smooth scape on the epigynum. These structural differences are the primary means of distinguishing the species from congeners.
Cephalonomia waterstoni
parasitic grain wasp, rusty grain beetlewasp
Cephalonomia waterstoni is a small parasitoid wasp in the family Bethylidae that attacks larvae and pupae of stored-product beetles, particularly the rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus, formerly Laemophloeus ferrugineus). It is an ectoparasitoid that paralyzes host larvae before laying eggs on them. The species has been extensively studied for its potential as a biological control agent in grain storage facilities. Development is rapid, with the life cycle completing in approximately two weeks at 30°C and three weeks at 25°C.
Ceracis
tree-fungus beetles
Ceracis is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles (family Ciidae) comprising approximately 56 described species. The genus is characterized by small body size, reduced antennal segmentation (typically 8-9 antennomeres), and pronounced sexual dimorphism in cephalic and pronotal armature. Species within the Ceracis furcifer group exhibit specialized feeding on the blood-red bracket fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus, representing a unique dietary specialization among animals. The genus has a predominantly Neotropical distribution, with records extending from South America through the Caribbean to the southern United States.
Ceraphronoidea
Ceraphronoidea is a small superfamily of minute parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps (0.5–4 mm body length) comprising two families: Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae. Approximately 740 species have been described globally, though estimates suggest true diversity may reach 12,000–21,000 species. The group is among the most severely understudied parasitoid wasp lineages, with over 80% of species having unknown host associations. First described by Alexander Henry Haliday, Ceraphronoidea has been historically difficult to study due to morphological challenges including monotonous external morphology, extreme sexual dimorphism, and reduced wing venation.
Cerapteryx graminis
Antler Moth
Cerapteryx graminis, commonly known as the antler moth, is a noctuid moth distinguished by the bold white branched basal streak on its forewings that resembles antlers. The species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, with females notably larger than males. It is primarily diurnal but also flies at night, and is attracted to both flowers and light. The species is native to Europe and northern Asia, has been introduced to North America, and occurs at elevations up to 2100 meters in the Alps.
Ceratomia igualana
Ceratomia igualana is a hawkmoth in the family Sphingidae. It is known from a limited number of specimens collected from Mexico to Costa Rica. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females notably larger than males. Biological details including larval host plants, adult behavior, and complete life history remain undocumented due to its rarity in collections.
Cerococcidae
ornate pit scales, cerococcids, false pit scales
Cerococcidae is a family of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) commonly known as ornate pit scales or false pit scales. The family comprises approximately 80 species in five genera: Antecerococcus, Asterococcus, Cerochiton, Cerococcus, and Solenophora. Adult females produce distinctive protective waxy tests that vary in color from creamy or brown to orange, yellow, red, pink, or white. The family exhibits sexual dimorphism in test morphology and instar development, with males possessing smaller, narrower tests than females.
Chaetophloeus
Chaetophloeus is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, established by LeConte in 1876. The genus currently contains at least 17 species in Mexico, with three new species described from Central Mexico in 2022: C. psittacanthi, C. woodi, and C. zapotecanus. Members exhibit sexual dimorphism in the fifth abdominal ventrite, a newly recognized diagnostic character.
Chalcosyrphus nemorum
Dusky-banded Leafwalker
Chalcosyrphus nemorum is a common species of syrphid fly with a Palearctic and Nearctic distribution. Adults are medium-sized hoverflies with distinctive enlarged, swollen hind femora bearing ventral spines and curved hind tibiae—adaptations associated with their association with dead wood. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males having holoptic (contiguous) eyes. Larvae develop under the bark of conifers (Larix, Pinus) and various hardwoods, where they function as saprophages in decaying wood. Adults are flower visitors, obtaining nectar and pollen from diverse plant species including white umbellifers, Caltha, Anemone nemorosa, and Ranunculus.
Chauliognathinae
soldier beetles
Chauliognathinae is a subfamily of soldier beetles (family Cantharidae) containing at least four genera and approximately 20 described species. The subfamily includes the tribe Ichthyurini, whose genus Ichthyurus comprises roughly 200 species worldwide. Members exhibit notable sexual dimorphism, with males often possessing specialized structures on legs, elytra, or terminal abdominal segments. The first documented predatory behavior in the tribe was reported for Ichthyurus antheraeanus, which preys on early instar larvae of the tasar silkmoth Antheraea mylitta.
Chelipoda
Chelipoda is a genus of dance flies in the family Empididae, subfamily Hemerodromiinae. The genus exhibits profound sexual dimorphism, with males bearing exaggerated morphological characters whose structure-function relationships have been studied. A 2007 revision recognized 38 species in New Zealand alone, including 22 newly described species. Phylogenetic analysis resolves two major clades distinguished by thoracic elongation, male genital flexion, cercus-epandrium fusion, and cell cup shape.
Chionodes trichostola
Chionodes trichostola is a gelechiid moth described by Meyrick in 1923. It occurs across western North America from southwestern British Columbia to Texas. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wingspan, with males measuring approximately 19 mm and females 16 mm. Larvae have been documented feeding on multiple oak species and related plants.
Chiromyzinae
Chiromyzinae is a subfamily of soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) comprising approximately 14 genera and at least 50 described species. The subfamily exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in some genera, with winged males and apterous (wingless) females. At least one species, Metridius robertsoni, has been documented as a pest of sugarcane in Australia.
Chlorostrymon simaethis
silver-banded hairstreak, St. Christopher's hairstreak, Key lime hairstreak
Chlorostrymon simaethis is a small lycaenid butterfly distributed across the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism in wing coloration, with males displaying iridescent purple uppersides and females appearing grayish brown. The common name refers to the distinctive bright silvery-white postmedian band on the lime green underside of both wings. The butterfly is closely associated with its host plants in the genus Cardiospermum, where larvae develop inside seed pods.
Chlosyne leanira
Leanira Checkerspot
Chlosyne leanira, commonly known as the Leanira Checkerspot, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, tribe Melitaeini. It occurs in western North America from Oregon through California, Nevada, Utah, western Colorado, and south to Baja California. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and coloration, with females larger but males displaying more prominent red wing markings. Larvae are specialized feeders on Castilleja species (Orobanchaceae) and overwinter in the third instar.
Choristoneura argentifasciata
Choristoneura argentifasciata is a small tortricid moth described by Heppner in 1989. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in forewing length, with males measuring 6–7 mm and females 7.4–8.2 mm. Adults are active from March through August. The species name refers to the silver banding pattern on the wings.
Chortophaga viridifasciata viridifasciata
Greenstriped Grasshopper, Northern Green-striped Locust
The greenstriped grasshopper is a medium-sized bandwinged species widely distributed across North America, extending into Central America. Northern populations are univoltine, overwintering as late-instar nymphs and maturing in early spring, while southern populations may produce two or more generations annually. Adults exhibit strong sexual dimorphism in coloration: most females are green, most males are brown. The species is a strong flier with long wings extending beyond the abdomen, and males produce crepitation during flight. Though abundant in the eastern United States, populations remain patchy in western regions where the species is restricted to moist microhabitats.
Chrosiothes
Chrosiothes is a genus of comb-footed spiders in the family Theridiidae, established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894. The genus contains 27 species distributed primarily in the New World, with most species occurring from the United States to Brazil. Males are noticeably smaller than females, with females of C. jamaicensis measuring approximately 2.9 mm compared to 1.6 mm for males. The genus is considered a senior synonym of Theridiotis.
Chrysopilus ornatus
Ornate Snipe Fly
Chrysopilus ornatus is a small, metallic snipe fly in the family Rhagionidae, distinguished by its ornate gold-colored scales that cover the body. Adults are found primarily in moist woodlands and forest edges of the northeastern United States and adjacent southern Canada, with activity peaking in June. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism: males have eyes in contact at the top of the head and more slender abdomens, while females have separated eyes and more robust, pointed abdomens. Surprisingly little is known about its life history; larvae are suspected to occur in damp soil rich in decaying organic matter or in rotting wood, and may be predatory on other invertebrates.
Chyphotes
Chyphotes is a genus of wasps in the family Chyphotidae comprising more than 50 described species distributed in the United States and Mexico. All females are wingless, and some males are also wingless. The genus is notable for its nocturnal activity pattern. Chyphotidae was formerly treated as a subfamily within Bradynobaenidae but is now recognized as a distinct family.
Cixius nervosus
common lacehopper
A widespread planthopper species in the tribe Cixiini, occurring across Europe, the East Palearctic, and Nearctic realms. Adults are active from May to October and inhabit deciduous trees, hedgerows, meadows, and scrublands. Sexual dimorphism is present in body size, with females larger than males.
CixiidaeplanthopperwidespreadEuropeNearcticPalearcticdeciduous-forestmeadowscrublandsexual-dimorphismtransparent-wingsbanded-wingsMay-to-Octobercommon-speciesLinnaeus-1758CixiinilacehopperHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaFulgoromorphakeeled-scutellumcostal-spotssubspecies-presenttaxonomic-revision-historyiNaturalist:1386-observationsCladius pectinicornis
bristly rose sawfly
Cladius pectinicornis is a Palearctic sawfly whose larvae are known as bristly rose slugs, significant pests of cultivated roses. The small wasp-like adults exhibit striking sexual dimorphism in antennae structure, with males bearing pectinate (comb-like) antennae. Larvae skeletonize rose leaves by feeding on tissue between vascular bundles, and can cause severe defoliation when abundant. The species has been introduced to North America, where it occurs on both coasts and ranges from Nova Scotia to British Columbia.
Colias christina
Christina Sulphur
Colias christina is a Pierid butterfly endemic to western North America, ranging from the Yukon and Northwest Territories south through the Canadian prairie provinces to the northern Rocky Mountain states of the United States. The species was named in 1863 by William Henry Edwards in honor of its first collector, Christina Ross. Adults display sexual dimorphism in wing coloration and are active from May through September.
Colias hecla
Hecla Sulphur, Northern Clouded Yellow
A small to medium-sized sulphur butterfly of the Pieridae family, restricted to high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species shows pronounced sexual dimorphism in wing pattern, with females displaying distinctive yellow 'windows' interrupting the black marginal band. First described from Greenland, where it occurs without congeners. Multiple subspecies are recognized across its fragmented Holarctic range.
Colias philodice
common sulphur, clouded sulphur
Colias philodice is a North American pierid butterfly commonly known as the clouded sulphur or common sulphur. It is a multivoltine species that produces multiple generations per year. Adults are typically pale yellow above with no orange traces, distinguishing them from the closely related orange sulphur (C. eurytheme). Females exhibit a white form (alba) that can be common in some populations. The species is a legume-feeder whose larvae primarily develop on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and various clovers, making it economically significant in agricultural settings. It ranges across most of North America except for the far northern regions of Labrador, Nunavut, and northern Quebec.
Colias tyche
Booth's sulphur, pale Arctic clouded yellow
Colias tyche is a small to medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae, distinguished by its pale green to greenish-white or greenish-yellow wings with visible brown veins and grey-green suffusion on the hindwing bases. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wing borders: males have dark borders with pale yellow spots, while females have wider dark borders with black spots. It is one of the northernmost Colias species, with a Holarctic distribution spanning Arctic and subarctic regions of North America and Eurasia. The species name references Tyche, the Greek deity of chance and luck.
Collops tricolor
black-headed melyrid, tri-colored soft-winged flower beetle
Collops tricolor is a small soft-winged flower beetle (family Melyridae) measuring 3.5–4 mm in length. Adults exhibit striking tricoloration: black head, undersides, and legs; rufous labrum and polished thorax; and dark bluish-green to violet elytra with variable rufous margins. The species is locally common in eastern North America from Quebec to Virginia, becoming scarcer westward. Males are distinguished from females by shiny elytra and distinctive triangular basal antennal joints that are as broad as long.
Comadia bertholdi
Lupine Borer Moth
Comadia bertholdi, commonly known as the lupine borer moth, is a cossid moth species native to the western United States. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in forewing length, with males measuring 13–17 mm and females 18–19 mm. Adults are active from spring through summer, and the larvae are specialized feeders on Lupinus species. Three subspecies are recognized, differentiated by geographic distribution.
Comadia subterminata
Comadia subterminata is a cossid moth first described in 1923 from southwestern North America. Adults are active from May to July. Sexual dimorphism is evident in forewing length, with males measuring 13–18 mm and females 19–21 mm. The species is known from only four U.S. states and remains poorly studied.
Comperiella bifasciata
Comperiella bifasciata is a tiny parasitic wasp in the family Encyrtidae used extensively in biological control of armored scale insects on citrus. Two distinct biological races exist: a Japanese type that parasitizes yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina) and a Chinese type that parasitizes California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii). Despite being morphologically identical and capable of hybridizing in laboratory conditions, these races maintain separate identities in the field through natural selection against less fit hybrids. The species was first introduced to California in 1908 from Japan, but failed to establish on red scale due to a misidentification of its original host; successful establishment on red scale occurred only after subsequent introductions from China between 1947 and 1949.
Compsus auricephalus
golden-headed weevil
Compsus auricephalus is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, native to the southern United States and Central America. It is the northernmost species of the predominantly Neotropical genus Compsus and the only native representative of the genus in the USA. The species exhibits two distinct color morphotypes: a typical green form with pink to coppery head and legs, and a uniformly white to pale brown form. It shows considerable morphological variation across its range, including body shape, elytral apices, and pronounced sexual size dimorphism.
Conostigmus
Conostigmus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the superfamily Ceraphronoidea and family Megaspilidae. It is the second-largest genus in Megaspilidae with over 170 extant species. The genus has a worldwide distribution, with greatest diversity in the Palearctic region. Sexual dimorphism is common in the genus, requiring molecular methods (28S rDNA) to associate males and females of the same species.
Coprini
Coprini is a tribe of dung beetles within the scarab subfamily Scarabaeinae, comprising over 900 species across 21 genera. Members are characterized as tunnelers that bury dung in shallow tunnels for nest construction. The tribe exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution with particular diversity in tropical regions. Taxonomic boundaries of Coprini remain provisional, with phylogenetic relationships and generic placements subject to ongoing revision.
Cordylospasta opaca
Cordylospasta opaca is a large, black blister beetle (Meloidae) endemic to arid regions of central and southern California. Males are fully winged and reach 12 mm in length, while females are flightless with reduced elytra and reach 19 mm. The species is distinguished from its closest relative, C. fulleri, by having 11 antennal segments (versus 8-10 in C. fulleri) and by its strictly allopatric distribution. Six biological races, equivalent to subspecies, have been recognized based on step-clinal geographic variation in seven anatomical characters.
Corydalidae
Dobsonflies and Fishflies
Corydalidae is a family of large megalopteran insects commonly known as dobsonflies and fishflies. Adults typically exceed 25 mm in body length and possess long filamentous antennae—feathered in male fishflies—and four large, translucent, smoky-grey wings with the anterior pair slightly longer than the posterior. The family is divided into two subfamilies: Corydalinae (dobsonflies), whose males bear distinctive elongated mandibles used in combat, and Chauliodinae (fishflies), whose males have normal mandibles. Aquatic larvae, called hellgrammites, are predatory and possess strong sharp mandibles and abdominal branchial filaments for respiration. They develop over one to three years before leaving water to pupate in terrestrial chambers dug under stones or logs.
Corydalus
dobsonflies, hellgrammites (larvae), go-devil, grampus
Corydalus is a genus of large flying insects in the family Corydalidae, commonly known as dobsonflies. The genus contains approximately 35 species endemic to North, Central, and South America. Adults are among the largest winged insects in their range, with wing lengths reaching up to 85 millimetres. The genus exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: males possess greatly elongated, sickle-shaped mandibles used in male-male combat and to grasp females during mating, while females have smaller but still formidable jaws capable of delivering a painful bite. The aquatic larvae, known as hellgrammites, are predatory and serve as important indicators of stream health.
Corydalus cornutus
Eastern Dobsonfly, Hellgrammite (larval form), Go-devil, Grampus
Corydalus cornutus, the eastern dobsonfly, is among the largest insects in eastern North America, with adults reaching 140 mm in length and wingspans up to 130 mm. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: males possess elongated, sickle-shaped mandibles up to 40 mm long used in combat with rivals, while females have shorter, powerful mandibles capable of delivering a painful bite. The aquatic larval stage, known as hellgrammites, are apex invertebrate predators in fast-flowing streams, feeding on other aquatic insects for one to three years before emerging to pupate in terrestrial soil chambers. Adults are short-lived, non-predatory, and primarily nocturnal, attracted to lights near waterways.
Corydiidae
Sand Cockroaches, Sand Roaches
Corydiidae is a family of cockroaches in the order Blattodea, commonly known as sand cockroaches or sand roaches. The family was previously classified as Polyphagidae and contains approximately 40 genera divided among five subfamilies: Corydiinae, Latindiinae, Tiviinae, Euthyrrhaphinae, and Holocompsinae. Members are frequently associated with harsh, dry habitats including deserts and arid regions—environments not typically associated with cockroaches. Many species exhibit subterranean habits, making them easily overlooked. The genus Arenivaga (desert cockroaches) is particularly notable, with 39 new species described in a 2014 revision, expanding from 9 previously known species. The family has a worldwide distribution with significant diversity in North America, Asia, and other arid regions.
Corydioidea
Sand and Cave Cockroaches
Corydioidea is a superfamily of cockroaches (order Blattodea) containing two extant families: Corydiidae (sand cockroaches) and Nocticolidae (cave cockroaches). Together these comprise approximately 50 genera and 250 species. The superfamily also includes two extinct families: Liberiblattinidae and Manipulatoridae from the Cretaceous. Molecular dating places the origin of crown Corydioidea at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.
Cremastocheilus armatus
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus armatus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle specialized for life within ant colonies. The species exhibits extreme morphological adaptations including reduced eyes, shortened elytra exposing most of the abdomen, and dense trichomes on abdominal tergites. Males display prominent pronotal horns absent in females. The beetle integrates into host ant colonies where it obtains food through interactions with worker ants.
Crioceris duodecimpunctata
Spotted Asparagus Beetle
A small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, Crioceris duodecimpunctata is a significant invasive pest of asparagus cultivations. Adults feed on tender shoots and leaves, while larvae develop exclusively on asparagus berries. The species is widespread across the Palearctic region and has been introduced to North America. Molecular studies confirm its status as a sister taxon to C. quatuordecimpunctata, with both species originating nearly simultaneously from a common ancestor.
Crossidius coralinus fulgidus
rabbitbrush longhorned beetle
Crossidius coralinus fulgidus is a strikingly colored subspecies of longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) endemic to the western United States. Adults are active in fall rather than spring or summer, a seasonal pattern unusual for the family. They are intimately associated with rabbitbrush and related composite shrubs, where adults feed, mate, and shelter among the yellow flowers. Males possess exceptionally long antennae relative to females. This subspecies exhibits the bright red and black coloration characteristic of the C. coralinus complex.
Curculio sayi
small chestnut weevil, lesser chestnut weevil
Curculio sayi is a true weevil (family Curculionidae) known as the small or lesser chestnut weevil. It is a highly host-specific pest of chestnuts in the genus Castanea, feeding and ovipositing exclusively on chestnut and chinquapin species. The species was historically a major pest of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) before the chestnut blight, with infestation rates of 50-75% considered normal. It has resurged as a significant pest with the restoration of blight-resistant chestnut plantings. Adults exhibit sexual dimorphism in body size and rostrum length, with females being larger and possessing longer snouts adapted for penetrating chestnut burrs.
Cybistrinae
Cybistrinae is a subfamily of predaceous diving beetles within Dytiscidae, comprising 12 genera and approximately 130 described extant species. Members are large-bodied aquatic beetles distributed across multiple continents, with notable diversity in the Neotropical region and Japan. The subfamily is characterized by distinctive larval and adult morphological features, including specialized tarsal structures and genitalia. Several species are of conservation concern, including critically endangered populations in Japan.
Cyclosa conica
Conical Trashline Orbweaver
Cyclosa conica is a small orb-weaving spider known for constructing distinctive vertical webs decorated with debris. Females measure 5.3–7.5 mm in body length, while males are smaller at 3.6–4 mm. The species is recognized by its unique behavior of stringing dead insect bodies and other debris vertically through the center of its web, forming a 'trashline' or stabilimentum. The spider positions itself at the hub of this debris, relying on its cryptic coloration to blend in and avoid detection by predators. When disturbed, it feigns death as a secondary defense.
Cynipoidea
Gall Wasps and Allies
Cynipoidea is a superfamily of small wasps comprising approximately 3,000 described species across seven extant families, with many undescribed species estimated. The group exhibits diverse life histories: while the family Cynipidae (gall wasps) are phytophagous and induce plant galls, the majority of species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of other insects. The superfamily is taxonomically challenging, with family-level identification historically difficult until the publication of a comprehensive illustrated key in 2020.
parasitoidgall-formerhyperparasitoidbiological-controloak-forestinquilinealternation-of-generationsundescribed-diversityreduced-wing-venationHymenopteraApocritaecosystem-engineerplant-manipulationforest-insectagricultural-pest-controlDrosophila-suzukiiaphid-hyperparasitoidwood-borer-parasitoiddung-breeding-fly-parasitoidtaxonomic-keygall-communitynutrient-cyclingphenologysexual-dimorphismparthenogenesiskoinobiontidiobiontPalaearctic-diversityNearctic-diversityMediterranean-hotspotoak-gallrosinweed-gallgoldenrod-gallintroduced-speciesadventive-faunaNew-Zealand-faunaTurkish-faunabroadleaf-forestprairie-habitatagricultural-systemsoft-fruit-pestintegrated-pest-managementbiocontrol-agentextension-entomologymicrohymenopteramorphological-keycouplet-identificationmetasomal-fusionpetiole-reductionglossy-integumentcompressed-bodyprognathous-headflagellomere-reductionnotauli-reductionpterostigma-presencehamuli-presenceovipositor-structurehypopygium-developmentlarval-chamberlocularity-formationhost-genome-exploitationroom-service-nutritiondefensive-immune-suppressionSWD-biocontroleucoiline-waspcharipine-hyperparasitoidanacharitine-parasitoidemarginine-parasitoidfigitine-parasitoidibaliine-parasitoidliopterine-parasitoiddiplolepidine-gall-formerpediaspine-gall-formeraulacideine-gall-formeraylacine-gall-formerceroptresine-inquilinecynipine-gall-formerdiastrophine-gall-formereschatocerine-gall-formerphanacidine-gall-formerqwaqwaiine-gall-formersynergine-inquilineBeringian-biogeographyEocene-forest-separationclimate-change-habitat-shiftphenological-form-associationearly-oak-phenoformlate-oak-phenoformQuercus-robur-gall-communityQuercus-cerris-gall-communityQuercus-ilex-gall-communityAsteraceae-gall-formerEucalyptus-gall-formerRosaceae-gall-formerFagaceae-gall-formerBrevicoryne-brassicae-hyperparasitoidAphidiinae-hyperparasitoidAphelinus-hyperparasitoidOphelimus-parasitoidMikeius-parasitoidAntistrophus-gall-formerNeuroterus-gall-formerAndricus-gall-formerCynips-gall-formerDiplolepis-gall-formerCallirhytis-gall-formerSaphonecrus-inquilineSynergus-inquilineLithosaphonecrus-inquilineCerroneuroterus-gall-formerParaganaspis-parasitoidTriplasta-parasitoidConeucoela-parasitoidAlloxysta-hyperparasitoidPhaenoglyphis-hyperparasitoidXyalaspis-adventiveGanaspis-adventiveThoreauella-adventiveAnacharis-nativeKleidotoma-nativeTrybliographa-groupKleidotoma-groupGronotoma-groupRhoptromeris-groupGanaspis-groupChrestosema-groupZaeucoila-groupAfrotropical-lineageNeotropical-lineageleaf-mining-agromyzid-parasitoidagromyzid-parasitoidcabbage-aphid-hyperparasitoidbovine-dung-dipteran-parasitoidcattle-dung-parasitoidpasture-ecosystem-serviceforest-biodiversity-indicatorcollection-based-taxonomymolecular-phylogeneticscladistic-analysisimplied-weights-parsimonyskeletal-character-codingdigital-image-databaseInternet-accessible-databasehigher-level-phylogenygeneric-classification-revisiongenus-group-systeminformal-genus-groupssynapomorphy-discussionhost-parasitoid-coevolutionevolutionary-radiationtropical-parasitoid-diversitybiodiversity-documentationscientific-nomenclatureetymological-analysishost-based-species-naminggeographic-namingmorphological-namingdedication-namingtaxonomic-communicationbiodiversity-informaticsfaunistic-surveynew-country-recordnew-provincial-recordnew-genus-recordnew-species-descriptionspecies-redescriptiondichotomous-key-constructioncharacter-coupletillustrated-identificationmicroscope-photographyspecimen-imagingstudent-tested-keyexpert-consultationproofed-keyextension-entomology-applicationstakeholder-educationforest-managementfarm-managementfield-managementecosystem-service-valuationfuture-policy-implementationmicrohymenopteran-collectiondiagnostic-indicator-applicationobjective-setting-for-conservationclimate-change-monitoringhabitat-fragmentation-responseoak-stand-compositionurban-oak-forestnursery-oak-cultivationgeomorphic-topographic-structure-influencespecies-richness-patterndistribution-mappinghost-plant-documentationgall-morphology-documentationseasonal-gall-collectionmulti-year-field-studyprovince-level-inventoryregional-fauna-characterizationcountry-level-checklistglobal-fauna-overviewadventive-species-dominancedeliberate-introduction-historybiological-control-introductionnative-species-rarityendemic-species-presencecollection-revisiontype-specimen-examinationreared-specimen-basisdiagnosis-illustrationdistribution-data-compilationhost-relation-discussionbiology-documentationnatural-history-summarytaxonomic-overview-provisionfaunal-knowledge-gap-identificationresearch-accessibility-improvemententry-barrier-reductioncool-thing-discovery-enablementCynomya
dog-fly
Cynomya is a genus of blow flies (family Calliphoridae) commonly known as 'dog-flies' from the Ancient Greek κυνόμυια. Species in this genus are large, conspicuous flies of forensic interest, primarily distributed across the Palaearctic Region with some overlap in Alaska and the Russian Far East. The genus includes species such as C. mortuorum and C. cadaverina, which are associated with carrion and occasionally recorded as agents of myiasis. Unlike many calliphorids, Cynomya species are not strongly synanthropic and are rarely abundant in nature.
Cyrtolobus vau
Cyrtolobus vau is a small oak-feeding treehopper in the family Membracidae. First described by Thomas Say in 1830, it is one of the more frequently observed treehoppers in eastern North America, with over 1,100 records on iNaturalist. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in pronotal crest height.