Eustala californiensis is a species of orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae. It is known from the United States and Mexico. Like other members of the genus Eustala, it constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs for prey capture. The species was described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1885.
Riparian Duncecap Orbweaver
Eustala cepina is a species of orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae, commonly known as the Riparian Duncecap Orbweaver. It is found in North America and is part of a genus that includes species with diverse ecological associations, including some that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants in tropical regions.
Eustala rosae is a species of orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae, first described by Chamberlin and Ivie in 1935. It is known from the United States and Mexico. As a member of the genus Eustala, it constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs typical of the family. Information regarding its specific biology, habitat preferences, and ecological relationships remains limited in published literature.
crevice weavers
Filistatidae are cribellate spiders commonly known as crevice weavers, characterized by their distinctive silk-producing anatomy and retreat-building behavior. Members of this family possess a cribellum—an additional silk-spinning organ—and a calamistrum, a comb of curved hairs on the fourth leg used to card silk into a non-sticky, highly entangling web structure. The family includes synanthropic species that frequently inhabit human structures, as well as species restricted to natural habitats such as arid and semi-arid regions.
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
dwarf spiders
Floricomus is a genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae, first described by C. R. Crosby and S. C. Bishop in 1925. The genus is endemic to North America, with species recorded from the United States and Canada. As of 2019, it comprises thirteen described species. These spiders belong to the sheet-web building family Linyphiidae, though specific web architectures for Floricomus species remain poorly documented.
Floricomus plumalis is a species of sheet-web weaving spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Crosby in 1905. It belongs to a genus of small spiders whose members construct flat, horizontal webs in vegetation. The species has been recorded from both Canada and the United States, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Scarlet Sheetweb Weaver, Black-tailed Red Sheetweaver, Red Grass Spider
Florinda is a monotypic genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae, containing only Florinda coccinea. This small spider is notable for its bright scarlet coloration with distinctive black markings, including a diagnostic black tubercle on the rear of the abdomen. The genus was established by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1896.
Black-tailed Red Sheetweaver, Scarlet Sheetweb Weaver, Red Grass Spider
Florinda coccinea is a small, vividly colored sheetweb-weaving spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is the sole species in its genus. The spider is notable for its bright red body with black accents, particularly a distinctive black tubercle on the rear of the abdomen. Despite its striking coloration, it is rarely observed due to its minute size (3-3.5 mm body length) and the near-invisibility of its fine silk webs. The species occurs in grasslands, lawns, and agricultural fields across the southeastern United States, with records extending north to New England and west to Kansas, plus Mexico and the West Indies.
A small sheetweb spider species in the family Linyphiidae, described from the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The species constructs the distinctive "bowl and doily" web architecture shared with its congener F. communis, consisting of an inverted bowl-shaped sheet suspended above a flat doily-like platform. Known from the southwestern United States and Mexico, with two recognized subspecies: F. h. huachuca and F. h. benevola.
Gea is a genus of orb-weaving spiders in the family Araneidae, established by C. L. Koch in 1843. These spiders are known for constructing spiral wheel-shaped webs typical of the family. The genus is distributed in North America, with records from the United States including Vermont. Gea species exhibit the characteristic features of araneid spiders, including eight eyes, spinnerets for silk production, and specialized leg adaptations for web-building and prey capture.
Heptagonal Orbweaver
Gea heptagon is a species of orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae. It is native to the Pacific Islands and Australia, and has been introduced to the United States and Argentina. The species belongs to a genus believed to be related to the larger Argiope, though it lacks the prominent stabilimentum (zigzag silk decoration) characteristic of that genus. Observations suggest it builds vertical orb webs with dense viscid spirals in low vegetation.
Geolycosa fatifera is a burrowing wolf spider in the family Lycosidae, found in the United States. As a member of the genus Geolycosa, it spends the majority of its life in a deep burrow. The species was first described by Nicholas Marcellus Hentz in 1842. Like other Geolycosa species, it exhibits traits associated with fossorial (burrowing) existence, including stout front legs adapted for digging.
Gertschanapis shantzi is a minute araneomorph spider and the sole species in its genus. It belongs to the family Anapidae, a group of small spiders often associated with leaf litter and moss habitats. The species was first described from specimens collected in the United States and remains poorly known due to its cryptic size and habitat.
Gertschosa is a genus of ground spiders in the family Gnaphosidae, established by Norman I. Platnick and M. U. Shadab in 1981. The genus contains four species distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and southern North America. Its members are nocturnal hunting spiders that do not construct webs for prey capture.
Dwarf Ground Long-jawed Spider
Glenognatha foxi is a species of long-jawed orb weaver spider in the family Tetragnathidae, commonly known as the Dwarf Ground Long-jawed Spider. It is distributed across a broad latitudinal range from Canada to Panama. The species belongs to a genus of small-bodied spiders characterized by elongated chelicerae and ground-dwelling habits, distinguishing them from the more web-associated Tetragnatha.
dwarf spiders
Glyphesis is a genus of dwarf spiders (Linyphiidae) established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926. The genus contains seven described species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Several species are considered rare, with limited known localities. The genus is taxonomically stable and accepted in major arachnological databases.
Gnaphosa borea is a ground spider species in the family Gnaphosidae with a Holarctic distribution. The species is found in boreal forest habitats across northern Eurasia and North America. It has been documented in Russia (Tuva, South Siberia), Alaska, Maine, and several Canadian provinces including Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. The species appears to be associated with post-fire conditions in boreal forests and is rarely collected in harvest-origin forest stands.
Gnaphosa fontinalis is a ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Keyserling in 1887. It is one of numerous Gnaphosa species found in North America. The species epithet 'fontinalis' suggests an association with springs or fountains, though this ecological connection has not been explicitly documented in available sources.
Moss Ground Hunter
Gnaphosa muscorum is a ground spider species in the family Gnaphosidae, characterized by its Holarctic distribution spanning North America, Europe, and northern Asia. The species was first described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1866. A recognized subspecies, G. muscorum gaunitzi, occurs in Sweden and Russia. As a member of the ground spider family, it is presumed to be an active hunter rather than a web-builder, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.
Gnaphosa parvula is a species of ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae. It is found in the United States and Canada, with records from Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. The species was described by Banks in 1896.
Gnaphosa sericata is a ground spider species in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by L. Koch in 1866. The species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Records indicate presence from the United States through Mexico, Guatemala, and Cuba, with additional documentation from Canada, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. As a member of Gnaphosidae, it belongs to a family characterized by active hunting behavior and the production of silk retreats rather than prey-capture webs.
Unicorn spider
Gnathonargus unicorn is a small sheet-web weaving spider belonging to the family Linyphiidae. It is the sole species in its genus, which was established by Bishop & Crosby in 1935. The species was originally described by Banks in 1892 and is known from the United States. As with many linyphiid spiders, it is poorly studied and little is known of its natural history.
Gnathonaroides is a monotypic genus of sheet-web weaving spiders (family Linyphiidae) containing the single species Gnathonaroides pedalis. It was described in 1938 by arachnologists S. C. Bishop and C. R. Crosby. The genus is known only from Canada and the United States, with extremely limited observational records.
Gonatium is a genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) comprising twenty species as of 2025. The genus was established by Anton Menge in 1868 and exhibits a broad geographic distribution spanning Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. Species within this genus occupy diverse habitats from Mediterranean regions to boreal and montane environments.
Goneatara platyrhinus is a species of sheet-web weaving spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Crosby and Bishop in 1927. Like other members of this family, it constructs flat, horizontal sheet webs to capture prey. The species is known from the United States, though detailed ecological and behavioral data remain limited.
Grammonota capitata is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Emerton in 1924. It belongs to a large family of small sheet-web weaving spiders commonly known as money spiders or sheet-web weavers. The species has been recorded from the United States and parts of Canada including Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario.
dwarf spider
Grammonota gentilis is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1898. It belongs to a large family of small sheet-web weaving spiders commonly known as money spiders or dwarf spiders. The species has been recorded from North America, with specific observations from Alberta, Canada and the United States.
dwarf spider
Grammonota inornata is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, described by Emerton in 1882. It is distributed across the United States and Canada, with confirmed records from provinces including Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario. As a sheet-web weaving spider, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of spiders. The specific epithet 'inornata' refers to its unadorned or plain appearance.
dwarf spider
Grammonota maculata is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1896. It belongs to a large family of small spiders commonly known as sheet-web weavers or money spiders. The species has been documented in two disjunct regions: the United States and Costa Rica. Like other linyphiids, it is likely associated with ground-level vegetation where it constructs flat sheet webs.
pale-footed patterned money spider
Grammonota pallipes is a dwarf spider (family Linyphiidae) first described by Banks in 1895. It belongs to a large genus of small sheet-web building spiders commonly known as money spiders. The species is known only from the United States, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented.
Grammonota pictilis is a dwarf spider species in the family Linyphiidae, first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1875. It is one of many small-bodied sheet-web weavers in the genus Grammonota. The species has been recorded in both the United States and Canada, with specific province-level records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario.
Habronattus californicus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is native to western North America, occurring in California and the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. Like other members of the genus Habronattus, males likely possess elaborate courtship displays involving visual and acoustic signals. The genus is known for having some of the most complex multimodal courtship behaviors among terrestrial invertebrates.
Habronattus cockerelli is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1901. The genus Habronattus is one of the largest genera of jumping spiders in North America, with approximately 100 species, most occurring in North America and the remainder in the neotropics. The highest diversity is found in the southwestern United States. Members of this genus are known for elaborate multimodal courtship displays involving both visual signals through modified leg structures and acoustic signals produced by drumming or tapping on substrates.
Habronattus kawini is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It was originally described as Pellenes kawini by Griswold in 1979 and later transferred to the genus Habronattus. The species is part of a large genus of small, ground-dwelling jumping spiders known for elaborate courtship displays. Like other Habronattus species, it is presumed to be a visual hunter with acute eyesight characteristic of salticids.
Habronattus tranquillus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It occurs in the United States and Mexico. As a member of the large genus Habronattus, it shares the characteristic jumping spider traits of acute vision and active hunting behavior. The genus is known for complex multimodal courtship displays in males, combining visual signals with vibratory drumming.
Ash Hahniid Spider
Hahnia cinerea is a small true spider in the family Hahniidae, commonly known as the Ash Hahniid Spider. It belongs to the subfamily Hahniinae, whose members are characterized by having all six spinnerets arranged in a single transverse row across the back of the abdomen, resembling the teeth of a comb—hence the common name 'comb-tailed spiders.' The species was described by Emerton in 1890 and occurs in North America.
Hahnia glacialis is a species of dwarf sheet spider in the family Hahniidae, first described by Sørensen in 1898. It is among the smallest members of its family, with adult body lengths under 4 millimeters. The species has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in cold-adapted regions of northern North America and Eurasia. Like other hahniids, it possesses the distinctive comb-like arrangement of spinnerets that gives the family its common name.
Hakka is a monotypic genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) established by Berry & Prószyński in 2001. The genus contains a single species, Hakka himeshimensis, native to East Asia with introduced populations in the United States. These spiders inhabit rocky coastal environments and possess the characteristic visual acuity and saltatory locomotion typical of salticids.
Hakka himeshimensis is a small jumping spider (Salticidae) native to East Asia and introduced to the eastern United States, likely via maritime shipping. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Hakka. Both sexes measure approximately 7 mm in body length with uniformly dark brown coloration. The species shows a strong preference for rocky coastal habitats.
Lynx spider
Hamataliwa grisea is a species of lynx spider in the family Oxyopidae, first described by Keyserling in 1887. This small to medium-sized spider is known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like other oxyopids, it is an active hunter that relies on vision and speed rather than web-building to capture prey. The species is part of a genus characterized by distinctive eye arrangements and spiny legs adapted for ambush predation.
Haplodrassus bicornis is a species of ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Emerton in 1909. This species is found in North America, specifically in the United States and Canada. Like other members of the genus Haplodrassus, it is a ground-dwelling spider that hunts without building webs. The specific epithet 'bicornis' refers to a pair of horn-like structures, likely describing a diagnostic morphological feature.
Haplodrassus stuxbergi is a ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, described by L. Koch in 1879. The species has a transcontinental distribution spanning northern Eurasia and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a ground-dwelling hunter. Published ecological and behavioral details remain limited.
Haplodrassus taibo is a species of ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1919. As a member of this family, it is likely a nocturnal hunter that does not build webs to capture prey. The species is known from the United States, though detailed ecological and behavioral information remains limited.
dwarf spiders
Helophora is a genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) first described by Anton Menge in 1866. The genus contains five species with a disjunct distribution spanning North America, Europe, and East Asia. Members of this genus are small-bodied sheet-web weavers, characteristic of their family.
Helophora insignis is a sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning North America, Europe, the Caucasus, Russia (from European regions to the Far East), Kyrgyzstan, and China. The species belongs to a genus characterized by the construction of horizontal sheet webs, a trait that distinguishes Linyphiidae from other spider families.
Heser is a genus of ground spiders (Gnaphosidae) in the Zelotes group, established in 2004. The genus comprises 11 species of small to medium-sized spiders distributed across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Several species have been introduced to the United States and Mexico. The type species is Heser malefactor from Kazakhstan.
Hesperocranum is a monotypic genus of spiders in the family Liocranidae. It was established in 1991 by arachnologists Darrell Ubick and Norman Platnick. The genus contains a single species, Hesperocranum rothi, known from the United States. Very little is known about its biology or ecology.
Heteroonops spinimanus is a small spider in the family Oonopidae (dwarf goblin spiders), first described by Eugène Simon in 1892. The species has a notably broad distribution, having been recorded across the Americas and subsequently introduced to multiple regions worldwide including Europe, Africa, and the Pacific. Its wide geographic spread suggests human-mediated dispersal, though specific transport mechanisms remain undocumented. As a member of Oonopidae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich spider families, characterized by minute body size and simplified eye arrangements.
Hexura is a genus of American folding trapdoor spiders first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884. The genus contains two species: H. picea and H. rothi, both found in the United States. These spiders construct burrows with hinged, folding trapdoors. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with placement in Antrodiaetidae confirmed by 2019.