Hawaii
Guides
Leucophenga maculosa
Leucophenga maculosa is a small fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae, originally described as Drosophila maculosa by Coquillett in 1895. The species belongs to the subfamily Steganinae and is part of a genus characterized by distinctive spotted or patterned body markings. It has been documented in multiple regions including the eastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Brazil.
Lipochaeta
nehe
Lipochaeta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The genus comprises approximately 20 accepted species, commonly known as nehe. Several species are extinct or possibly extinct, including L. bryanii, L. degeneri, L. perdita, and L. populifolia. Taxonomic relationships within the genus remain uncertain and require further phylogenetic study.
Macrancylus linearis
Macrancylus linearis is a terrestrial weevil in the family Curculionidae. The species is believed to have originated in the Pacific region and has been introduced to mainland United States. It has been documented in shoreline habitats, specifically in association with driftwood.
Marietta timberlakei
Marietta timberlakei is a species of parasitic wasp in the family Aphelinidae, described by Hayat in 1986. The species is named in honor of the American entomologist Philip H. Timberlake, who made extensive contributions to the study of Hymenoptera, particularly bees and wasps. As a member of the genus Marietta, it is likely a hyperparasitoid, a trait common to other species in this genus. The species has been recorded from Hawaii and Maryland in the United States, as well as Brazil.
Megachile policaris
Texas leafcutter bee, policaris leafcutter bee
Megachile policaris is a large, solitary leafcutter bee native to North America that has established invasive populations in Hawaiʻi. First detected on Oʻahu in 2017, it is now present on multiple Hawaiian islands including Maui, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi Island. It is among the largest Megachile species in North America, with females reaching 18–22 mm. The species constructs nests in pre-existing cavities and uses cut leaf pieces to line brood cells.
Melormenis basalis
West Indian Flatid Planthopper
Melormenis basalis is a species of flatid planthopper in the family Flatidae, commonly known as the West Indian Flatid Planthopper. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, the true bugs, and is characterized by the flattened, often leaf-like body form typical of the family Flatidae. The species has been recorded from several Caribbean islands and has established populations in Florida and Hawaii, indicating potential for human-mediated dispersal. Like other planthoppers, it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Microterys
Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
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confusa
Montandoniola confusa is a minute predatory bug in the family Anthocoridae, described in 2009. It has been studied as a biological control agent targeting gall-forming thrips. The species has been recorded in Hawaii and is associated with environments where its thrips prey occur.
Neochrysocharis diastatae
Neochrysocharis diastatae is a minute parasitoid wasp in the family Eulophidae, first described from Hawaii in 1881. It has been documented as an egg parasitoid of tettigoniid orthopterans in the genus Letana in India, representing a newly recorded host association for this species. The species belongs to a genus whose members are generally associated with parasitism of insect eggs or larvae.
Niesthrea louisianica
Hibiscus Scentless Plant Bug
Niesthrea louisianica is a small scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, measuring 6.5-8.5 mm in body length. It is native to North America, ranging from New York to Florida and west to California, with populations also present in Hawaii. The species is a specialist feeder on plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae), including Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), cotton, okra, and velvetleaf. It has been investigated as a biological control agent for the agricultural weed velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), capable of reducing viable seed production by 98-99% through feeding damage to reproductive structures.
Norrbomia sordida
Norrbomia sordida is a species of small dung fly in the family Sphaeroceridae, originally described as Copromyza sordida by Zetterstedt in 1847. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with some authorities placing it in the genus Borborillus as B. sordidus. It is known from Hawaii and represents one of the few documented occurrences of this genus in the Pacific region. Sphaeroceridae are among the smallest true flies and are primarily associated with decomposing organic matter.
Nostima niveivenosa
A shore fly species in the family Ephydridae, described by Cresson in 1930. Found in the United States, including Hawaii, and the broader Neotropical region. As with other ephydrid flies, it is associated with moist or aquatic environments.
Onthophagus tuberculifrons
Onthophagus tuberculifrons is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by Harold in 1871. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Nearctic region of North America and Oceania, including Hawaii. Like other members of the genus Onthophagus, it is presumed to be associated with mammal dung for feeding and breeding. The specific epithet "tuberculifrons" refers to tubercles on the frons (front of the head).
Orthemis ferruginea
Roseate Skimmer
A dragonfly in the family Libellulidae native to the Americas, with distribution extending from the United States to Brazil. Mature males are distinctive for their hot pink coloration. The species is common and widespread, and has been introduced to Hawaii. First complete life cycle description for a Mexican odonate documented 17 larval instars.
Pachodynerus nasidens
Keyhole Wasp
Pachodynerus nasidens, commonly known as the keyhole wasp, is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Native to the Neotropics, it has been introduced to Hawaii, Micronesia, Australia, and the northern United States. The species exhibits remarkable nesting plasticity, utilizing abandoned insect galleries, human-made cavities, and even aircraft pitot tubes. Females provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species has gained notoriety for causing aviation safety incidents by blocking pitot probes with mud nests, leading to unreliable airspeed readings.
Parancistrocerus fulvipes rufovestis
Parancistrocerus fulvipes rufovestis is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1948. It belongs to a genus of small solitary wasps that nest in pre-existing cavities and provision their offspring with paralyzed caterpillars. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the species P. fulvipes, with rufovestis representing a distinct population.
Parandrita
Parandrita is a genus of small, flattened beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, established by LeConte and Horn in 1880. The genus contains approximately eleven described species distributed across North America and the Hawaiian Islands. Members of this genus are part of a family commonly known as 'lined flat bark beetles,' though specific ecological details for Parandrita remain poorly documented.
Philygria debilis
shore fly
Philygria debilis is a species of shore fly in the family Ephydridae, first described by Loew in 1861. Shore flies in this family are generally small, often abundant insects associated with moist or aquatic habitats. The genus Philygria contains multiple species, though detailed biological information for P. debilis specifically remains limited in published literature.
Platystethus americanus
spiny-legged rove beetle
Platystethus americanus is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Oxytelinae. It is characterized by spiny legs, a trait common to members of its genus. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning North America, Central America, and Oceania, with documented records from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Hawaii, and Japan. New distributional records have been reported, indicating ongoing range documentation.
Pleistodontes froggatti
Moreton Bay fig wasp
Pleistodontes froggatti is a small fig wasp native to Australia with an obligate mutualistic relationship with the Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla). The species was deliberately introduced to Hawaii in 1921 to support fig cultivation, and established in New Zealand by 1993 through long-distance dispersal or accidental transport. Adult females are approximately 3 mm in length, while males are smaller at 1.5 mm and exhibit distinct coloration. The wasp cannot reproduce outside the syconia of its specific host fig.
Psamatodes abydata
Dot-lined angle, Dot-lined and Dark-shaded Angles and Allies
Psamatodes abydata, commonly known as the dot-lined angle, is a geometrid moth native to the Neotropics and southern United States. The species has been introduced to the Pacific region, with established populations in Hawaii since 1970 and subsequent spread to other Pacific islands. It is recognized as a highly mobile species capable of regular northward dispersal beyond its core range. Taxonomic placement has shifted between the genera Psamatodes and Macaria, with current sources recognizing both names in use.
Schistocerca nitens
vagrant grasshopper, gray bird grasshopper
Schistocerca nitens is a large grasshopper native to southern North America, closely related to the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). Adults are sexually dimorphic in size, with females reaching 60–70 mm and males 40–50 mm. The species exhibits mottled gray, brown, and yellow coloration with a distinctive stripe running from head to thorax. Unlike true locusts, it does not undergo phase polymorphism, though dense populations can occur through favorable conditions rather than behavioral transformation. The species has become invasive in Hawaii, where it caused severe vegetation damage on Nīhoa in 2004.
Sophonia
Sophonia is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Evacanthinae. Species in this genus are native to Asia and have been introduced to multiple regions including Hawaii, the continental United States, and Europe. At least one species, Sophonia rufofascia, has become an established pest in Hawaii since its detection in 1987. The genus is characterized by features typical of the Evacanthinae subfamily.
Strymon bazochii
Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak, Smaller Lantana Butterfly
Strymon bazochii is a small lycaenid butterfly native to the Neotropics, ranging from Paraguay through Central America and the Caribbean to southern Texas. It was deliberately introduced to Hawaii in 1902 as a biological control agent for invasive Lantana species, but failed to establish effective control. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wing pattern and has a documented association with Lippia and Lantana host plants.
Tetracnemoidea sydneyensis
Tetracnemoidea sydneyensis is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Encyrtidae, described by Timberlake in 1929. The species is native to Australia, with the specific epithet referencing Sydney, and has been introduced to Hawaii as part of biological control programs. Like other encyrtids, it is presumed to parasitize scale insects or other homopteran hosts, though specific host records for this species remain limited in published literature.
Tetragnatha
Stretch Spiders, Long-jawed Orb Weavers
Tetragnatha is a large genus of long-jawed orb-weaving spiders with hundreds of species distributed worldwide, though most occur in tropical and subtropical regions. These spiders are characterized by their elongated bodies, extremely long legs, and notably elongated chelicerae (jaws) with well-developed teeth. They construct horizontal orb webs, often near water, and many species can run across water surfaces. The genus exhibits remarkable variation in dispersal ability, with some species being excellent dispersers capable of colonizing islands, while others appear to have secondarily lost this capacity. Hawaiian Tetragnatha species have undergone adaptive radiation, with some lineages evolving cursorial (running) behavior and abandoning web-building entirely.
spiderorb-weaverlong-jawedaquaticstretch-spideradaptive-radiationHawaiicursorial-evolutionhorizontal-webwater-walkingcamouflagemultivoltinesocial-spiderTetragnathidaeAraneaeArachnidapredatorinsectivoreriparianwetlandmeadowtropicalsubtropicalcosmopolitandispersalisland-colonizationphylogeographychemical-species-recognitioncommunal-webbingkleptoparasitism-targetTrachyphloeosoma advena
broad-nosed weevil
Trachyphloeosoma advena is a species of broad-nosed weevil described by Zimmerman in 1956. It belongs to the tribe Trachyphloeini within the subfamily Entiminae. The species has been documented in the southeastern United States and Hawaii. As with other members of its genus, it is characterized by the broad rostrum typical of Entiminae weevils.
Trechus obtusus
Trechus obtusus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described from Europe and now established as an invasive species in Hawaii. It has been documented in large numbers in pitfall traps at Pu'u Maka'ala Natural Area Reserve on the island of Hawaii, where it may compete with or displace native carabid species. The species has a broad native distribution spanning North America, Europe, and Africa, with six recognized subspecies showing regional variation.
Utamphorophora crataegi
Four-spotted Hawthorn Aphid
Utamphorophora crataegi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Four-spotted Hawthorn Aphid. The species was originally described as Amphorophora crataegi by Monell in 1879 and later transferred to the genus Utamphorophora. It is associated with hawthorn (Crataegus) as a host plant, as indicated by its specific epithet. The species has been recorded in Hawaii and the conterminous United States.
Vesiculaphis caricis
Vesicular Azalea-Sedge Aphid
Vesiculaphis caricis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Fullaway in 1910. Originally placed in the genus Toxoptera, it is now classified in the genus Vesiculaphis. The species has a known distribution in Hawaii and the continental United States.
Zagrammosoma flavolineatum
Zagrammosoma flavolineatum is a species of chalcid wasp in the family Eulophidae, first described by Crawford in 1913. A revision of the genus Zagrammosoma synonymized Zagrammosoma mirum under this species. It is one of 26 recognized species in a genus characterized by distinctive striped or 'tattooed' color patterns. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in western North America and Hawaii.