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Plaumannimyia
Plaumannimyia is a genus of fruit flies in the family Tephritidae, established by Hering in 1938. The genus contains three described species distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, and Brazil. As members of Tephritidae, these flies likely exhibit the characteristic wing patterning and body form typical of the family, though specific morphological details for the genus remain poorly documented in available literature.
fruit-fly Tephritidae Neotropical Hering-1938 Diptera Mexico Guatemala Brazil genus Tephritini Tephritinae
Plinthocoelium suaveolens plicatum
Bumelia Borer
Plinthocoelium suaveolens plicatum is the western subspecies of a striking longhorned beetle distributed from Texas west to New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Distinguished from the nominate eastern subspecies by bronze or cupreous tints and weak transverse rugae on the pronotum, this beetle exhibits brilliant iridescent green coloration with contrasting orange and black legs. Larvae develop in the roots of living Sideroxylon lanuginosum (gum bumelia), with adults active during summer months. The subspecies intergrades with P. s. suaveolens in northeastern Texas.
Cerambycidae Cerambycinae Callichromatini longhorned-beetle bumelia-borer xeric-glade root-borer Sideroxylon metallic-green subspecies western-United-States Mexico
Plionoma rubens
Plionoma rubens is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Thomas L. Casey in 1891. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for bright coloration, diurnal activity, and attraction to flowers. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, with records from Texas west to California. Like other members of its genus, adults are associated with mesquite and other woody legumes.
Cerambycidae Trachyderini longhorned-beetle diurnal bimodal-activity southwestern-US Mexico flower-visiting mesquite-associated Casey-1891
Poecilocapsus nigriger
Poecilocapsus nigriger is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, native to North and Central America. It is closely related to the fourlined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus), a well-documented pest of ornamental plants and vegetables. As a member of the Hemiptera, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts used to extract plant fluids. Specific ecological details for P. nigriger remain sparse in published literature, with most research attention focused on its congener P. lineatus.
Miridae plant-bug Hemiptera North-America Mexico congener-of-fourlined-plant-bug
Poecilotettix
Poecilotettix is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, tribe Dactylotini. The genus contains two described species: Poecilotettix pantherinus (panther-spotted grasshopper) and Poecilotettix sanguineus (red-lined grasshopper). Members of this genus are distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
grasshopper spur-throated Acrididae Melanoplinae Dactylotini North-America Mexico
Pogonodaptus
Pogonodaptus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, tribe Stenolophini. The genus was established by G. Horn in 1881 and contains two described species: Pogonodaptus mexicanus (Bates, 1878) and Pogonodaptus rostratus Darlington, 1935. Members of this genus occur in the Neotropical region.
Carabidae Stenolophini ground-beetles Neotropical Mexico Central-America Horn-1881
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus is a species of harvester ant in the genus Pogonomyrmex. Like other members of this genus, it is a seed-collecting ant native to arid regions. The species was described by Auguste Forel in 1914. As a harvester ant, it likely participates in seed dispersal and ecosystem engineering through nest construction, though specific ecological studies for this species are limited.
harvester-ant seed-collecting-ant arid-adapted-ant Pogonomyrmex Myrmicinae Formicidae Hymenoptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia Forel-1914 species accepted Pogonomyrmex-tenuispinus Pogonomyrmecini Aculeata Apocrita Hexapoda Eukaryota Metazoa Vespoidea insect ant seed-harvester desert-ant native-species keystone-species-candidate ecosystem-engineer myrmecochory nest-disk island-of-fertility stinging-ant venomous-insect arthropod hymenopteran formicid myrmicine-ant pogonomyrmecine-ant harvester-ant-species Pogonomyrmex-species North-American-ant western-North-America-ant arid-region-ant xeric-habitat-ant granivorous-ant seed-predator seed-disperser soil-engineer vegetation-engineer nest-rim-vegetation biodiversity-hotspot-creator food-web-participant predator prey insectivore-food-source rodent-defense mammal-defense painful-sting Schmidt-sting-pain-index Justin-Schmidt Derek-Uhey Richard-Hofstetter keystone-species pest-perception range-management rangeland-ecology restoration-ecology invasion-ecology native-plant-restoration drought-refuge grazing-refuge disturbance-recovery fire-recovery soil-nutrient-enhancement trash-dump-ecosystem house-guest-habitat mite-associate silverfish-associate beetle-associate springtail-associate bacteria-associate mycorrhizae-associate protist-associate fungi-associate arthropod-associate bird-food-source lizard-food-source mammal-food-source sage-grouse-food-source horned-lizard-food-source endangered-species-food-source traditional-medicine indigenous-knowledge Shoshonean ritual-use vision-quest dream-helper therapeutic-use anaphylaxis-risk allergic-reaction sting-avoidance non-flying-insect non-domestic-pest crop-pest-perception weed-seed-preference restoration-seed-loss broadcast-seeding-interference seed-selection seed-preference filaree Erodium-cicutarium mustard Brassica-tournefortii brittlebush buckwheat exotic-plant invasive-plant native-plant coastal-sage-scrub Colorado-Plateau Arizona Utah Nevada California New-Mexico Texas Mexico Chihuahuan-Desert Sonoran-Desert Mojave-Desert Great-Basin Colorado-Desert arid-grassland shrubland pinyon-juniper ponderosa-pine nest-rim nest-clearing nest-mound subterranean-granary trunk-trail foraging-patch patroller-ant forager-ant seed-transport seed-storage seed-consumption seed-germination seedling-establishment plant-recruitment plant-community-composition vegetation-pattern landscape-pattern polka-dot-landscape bare-soil vegetation-clearing vegetation-enhancement nutrient-deposition detritus-accumulation soil-biota-enhancement microhabitat-creation refugia stress-tolerance drought-tolerance grazing-tolerance fire-tolerance ecosystem-stability ecosystem-resilience ecosystem-services conservation-value management-consideration research-subject educational-subject ant-farm-subject children's-science outreach public-education entomology myrmecology ecology ethnobiology ethnoentomology venom-biochemistry peptide-venom sodium-ion-channel mammalian-nervous-system toxicology LD50 Maricopa-harvester-ant Pogonomyrmex-maricopa western-harvester-ant Pogonomyrmex-occidentalis Californian-harvester-ant Pogonomyrmex-californicus Pogonomyrmex-rugosus Pogonomyrmex-subdentatus red-harvester-ant black-harvester-ant Messor Veromessor seed-harvesting-ant-genera ant-genera ant-species ant-taxonomy ant-biodiversity ant-conservation ant-management ant-control ant-bait ant-sting-treatment ant-allergy ant-venom-evolution ant-plant-interaction ant-seed-interaction ant-rodent-interaction ant-vertebrate-interaction ant-arthropod-interaction ant-microbe-interaction ant-soil-interaction ant-vegetation-interaction ant-landscape-interaction mutualism commensalism predation scavenging granivory myrmecophily myrmecophagy formicivory ecological-engineering ecosystem-engineering keystone-engineering foundation-species dominant-species abundant-species conspicuous-species visible-species indicator-species umbrella-species flagship-species research-model ecological-model behavioral-model social-insect eusocial-insect colonial-insect colony-life caste-system worker-ant queen-ant male-ant reproductive-ant patroller forager nest-maintenance brood-care food-storage territorial-defense sting-defense mandible-defense chemical-defense alarm-pheromone trail-pheromone recruitment tandem-running mass-foraging central-place-foraging optimal-foraging seed-size-selection seed-chemistry-selection seed-morphology-selection awned-seed elaiosome seed-appendage seed-dispersal-distance seed-fate seed-bank seed-predation seed-survival seedling-survival plant-population-dynamics plant-community-dynamics vegetation-recovery vegetation-restoration habitat-restoration ecological-restoration rangeland-management grazing-management fire-management drought-management climate-change-adaptation conservation-biology applied-ecology landscape-ecology community-ecology population-ecology behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology functional-ecology ecosystem-ecology soil-ecology microbial-ecology invasion-biology biological-invasion exotic-species non-native-species alien-species invasive-species-management native-species-conservation biodiversity-conservation species-interaction food-web trophic-level energy-flow nutrient-cycling decomposition primary-production secondary-production herbivory carnivory omnivory detritivory scavenger opportunistic-feeder generalist-feeder selective-feeder specialist-feeder seed-specialist arthropod-predator arthropod-prey vertebrate-prey vertebrate-predator insect-predator insect-prey ecological-function ecological-impact ecological-significance scientific-name taxonomic-authority original-description type-specimen type-locality species-validity accepted-species valid-species nomenclature taxonomy systematics phylogeny biogeography distribution-range geographic-range endemic native-range naturalized-range introduced-range range-expansion range-contraction range-shift habitat-specificity habitat-breadth niche-breadth environmental-tolerance abiotic-factor biotic-factor disturbance-regime stress-factor limiting-factor population-density colony-density nest-density abundance frequency occurrence observation specimen collection museum-record literature-record citizen-science iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI AntWeb taxonomic-database biodiversity-database occurrence-database distribution-database research-article review-article scientific-publication peer-reviewed entomological-journal ecological-journal conservation-journal academic-source expert-source authoritative-source Deborah-Gordon Bert-Hölldobler E.O.-Wilson Phil-Ward Meredith-Swett-Walker Christopher-Briggs Richard-Redak Northern-Arizona-University University-of-California University-of-California-Riverside Flagstaff bee-garden Häagen-Dazs-Honey-Bee-Haven Bohart-Museum UC-Davis entomology-department forestry-school researcher graduate-student PhD-candidate assistant-professor teaching-professor forest-entomologist ant-specialist myrmecologist ecologist conservationist naturalist ethnobiologist toxicologist behavioral-ecologist 2021 2023 November-2021 December-2023 July-2015 July-17 July-18 Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Environmental-Entomology Bug-of-the-Week Bug-Squad Entomology-Today National-Moth-Week photo photograph image visual-record documentation field-observation field-study field-experiment laboratory-study controlled-experiment observational-study comparative-study long-term-study short-term-study cross-sectional-study experimental-manipulation exclosure grazing-exclosure drought-event climate-event weather-event disturbance-event fire-event grazing-event seasonal-variation temporal-variation spatial-variation nest-pattern plant-composition plant-cover plant-biomass plant-growth plant-recovery seed-bank-dynamics soil-property soil-nutrient soil-moisture soil-temperature soil-biota microbial-community fungal-community bacterial-community detritus refuse-pile trash-dump nest-chamber brood-chamber food-chamber granary-chamber tunnel-system nest-architecture nest-structure nest-entrance nest-vegetation nest-microclimate nest-microhabitat associate-community inquiline myrmecophile nest-guest house-guest commensal symbiont parasite detritivore decomposer nutrient-cycler energy-transformer trophic-intermediary ecosystem-service-provider habitat-creator habitat-modifier habitat-enhancer restoration-tool management-tool conservation-tool education-tool research-tool model-organism study-system field-site field-station natural-area protected-area national-park state-park wildlife-refuge nature-reserve conservation-area research-area study-area sampling-location observation-location occurrence-location distribution-point range-point range-limit range-boundary range-center range-periphery core-population peripheral-population source-population sink-population metapopulation population-structure population-dynamics population-genetics colony-structure colony-dynamics colony-genetics social-structure social-organization social-behavior collective-behavior group-behavior colony-defense territoriality aggression sting-response alarm-response recruitment-response foraging-behavior food-collection food-processing food-sharing trophallaxis territory-maintenance mate-finding mating-behavior reproductive-behavior dispersal-behavior founding-behavior colony-founding nest-founding queen-behavior worker-behavior male-behavior soldier-behavior polymorphism worker-size worker-caste task-allocation division-of-labor age-polyethism size-polyethism temporal-polyethism behavioral-plasticity behavioral-flexibility learning memory navigation orientation trail-following path-integration visual-cue chemical-cue tactile-cue thermal-cue humidity-cue light-cue polarized-light sun-compass landmark odor-trail pheromone-trail recruitment-pheromone marking-behavior territorial-marking nestmate-recognition colony-recognition enemy-recognition prey-recognition food-recognition seed-recognition habitat-recognition environmental-assessment risk-assessment decision-making behavioral-economics foraging-theory marginal-value-theorem prey-choice patch-choice diet-choice food-preference seed-acceptance seed-rejection handling-time search-time travel-time harvest-time processing-time consumption-time energy-intake energy-expenditure net-energy-gain foraging-efficiency foraging-success foraging-rate collection-rate transport-rate return-rate load-size trip-duration trip-distance foraging-distance foraging-range foraging-territory home-range activity-range daily-activity seasonal-activity annual-activity diurnal-activity nocturnal-activity crepuscular-activity activity-pattern activity-rhythm circadian-rhythm photoperiod-response temperature-response humidity-response rain-response wind-response cloud-response seasonal-response weather-response climate-response environmental-response stress-response disturbance-response predation-response competition-response resource-response food-response water-response nest-response brood-response queen-response colony-response social-response communication signal cue information-transfer information-sharing collective-decision consensus-decision quorum-sensing stigmergy self-organization emergent-property complex-system adaptive-system resilient-system robust-system buffered-system stable-system persistent-system sustainable-system evolved-system adapted-system specialized-system generalized-system plastic-system flexible-system responsive-system reactive-system proactive-system anticipatory-system predictive-system cognitive-system intelligent-system conscious-system sentient-system living-system biological-system ecological-system social-system environmental-system earth-system natural-system human-system managed-system conserved-system restored-system degraded-system disturbed-system stressed-system vulnerable-system sensitive-system indicator-system model-system experimental-system theoretical-system conceptual-system abstract-system concrete-system real-system imagined-system possible-system probable-system certain-system known-system unknown-system studied-system unstudied-system described-system undescribed-system named-system unnamed-system classified-system unclassified-system categorized-system uncategorized-system organized-system disorganized-system structured-system unstructured-system ordered-system disordered-system simple-system complicated-system easy-system difficult-system hard-system soft-system rigid-system static-system dynamic-system unstable-system equilibrium-system nonequilibrium-system steady-state transient-state initial-state final-state intermediate-state boundary-condition initial-condition final-condition driving-force controlling-factor determining-factor influencing-factor affecting-factor modifying-factor regulating-factor governing-factor shaping-factor creating-factor destroying-factor maintaining-factor preserving-factor changing-factor transforming-factor converting-factor transferring-factor moving-factor transporting-factor carrying-factor holding-factor storing-factor releasing-factor emitting-factor absorbing-factor taking-factor giving-factor receiving-factor sending-factor transmitting-factor processing-factor handling-factor manipulating-factor using-factor utilizing-factor exploiting-factor consuming-factor eating-factor feeding-factor nourishing-factor sustaining-factor supporting-factor helping-factor aiding-factor assisting-factor benefiting-factor advantaging-factor favoring-factor promoting-factor enhancing-factor improving-factor bettering-factor worsening-factor damaging-factor harming-factor hurting-factor injuring-factor killing-factor eliminating-factor removing-factor eradicating-factor extirpating-factor extincting-factor conserving-factor protecting-factor saving-factor rescuing-factor restoring-factor recovering-factor rehabilitating-factor renewing-factor reviving-factor regenerating-factor reproducing-factor breeding-factor multiplying-factor increasing-factor growing-factor expanding-factor spreading-factor dispersing-factor distributing-factor allocating-factor assigning-factor apportioning-factor dividing-factor sharing-factor partitioning-factor separating-factor splitting-factor breaking-factor fragmenting-factor segmenting-factor sectioning-factor compartmentalizing-factor organizing-factor arranging-factor ordering-factor structuring-factor systematizing-factor methodizing-factor rationalizing-factor standardizing-factor normalizing-factor regularizing-factor stabilizing-factor balancing-factor equalizing-factor harmonizing-factor synchronizing-factor coordinating-factor integrating-factor unifying-factor combining-factor merging-factor fusing-factor blending-factor mixing-factor stirring-factor agitating-factor shaking-factor shifting-factor altering-factor varying-factor differing-factor deviating-factor diverging-factor converging-factor meeting-factor joining-factor connecting-factor linking-factor relating-factor associating-factor correlating-factor comparing-factor contrasting-factor differentiating-factor distinguishing-factor discriminating-factor identifying-factor recognizing-factor knowing-factor understanding-factor comprehending-factor grasping-factor perceiving-factor sensing-factor feeling-factor experiencing-factor observing-factor noticing-factor seeing-factor looking-factor watching-factor viewing-factor examining-factor inspecting-factor checking-factor testing-factor trying-factor attempting-factor endeavoring-factor striving-factor working-factor laboring-factor toiling-factor struggling-factor fighting-factor competing-factor contending-factor opposing-factor resisting-factor defending-factor guarding-factor shielding-factor screening-factor covering-factor hiding-factor concealing-factor masking-factor disguising-factor camouflaging-factor mimicking-factor imitating-factor copying-factor replicating-factor duplicating-factor propagating-factor bearing-factor containing-factor enclosing-factor surrounding-factor encircling-factor encompassing-factor including-factor incorporating-factor embodying-factor representing-factor symbolizing-factor signifying-factor meaning-factor denoting-factor indicating-factor showing-factor displaying-factor exhibiting-factor demonstrating-factor proving-factor verifying-factor confirming-factor validating-factor authenticating-factor certifying-factor attesting-factor witnessing-factor testifying-factor declaring-factor stating-factor asserting-factor claiming-factor arguing-factor reasoning-factor thinking-factor cognizing-factor intellecting-factor ratiocinating-factor deducing-factor inferring-factor concluding-factor judging-factor evaluating-factor assessing-factor appraising-factor estimating-factor calculating-factor computing-factor reckoning-factor counting-factor numbering-factor quantifying-factor measuring-factor weighing-factor scaling-factor grading-factor ranking-factor rating-factor scoring-factor marking-factor classifying-factor categorizing-factor grouping-factor sorting-factor sequencing-factor prioritizing-factor preferring-factor choosing-factor selecting-factor picking-factor electing-factor opting-factor deciding-factor resolving-factor settling-factor fixing-factor establishing-factor instituting-factor founding-factor making-factor producing-factor generating-factor originating-factor initiating-factor starting-factor beginning-factor commencing-factor opening-factor launching-factor introducing-factor bringing-factor leading-factor guiding-factor directing-factor managing-factor administering-factor ruling-factor commanding-factor dictating-factor prescribing-factor instructing-factor teaching-factor educating-factor training-factor conditioning-factor preparing-factor readying-factor equipping-factor arming-factor providing-factor supplying-factor furnishing-factor bestowing-factor conferring-factor granting-factor awarding-factor presenting-factor offering-factor proposing-factor suggesting-factor recommending-factor advising-factor counseling-factor consulting-factor discussing-factor talking-factor speaking-factor saying-factor telling-factor informing-factor notifying-factor reporting-factor announcing-factor proclaiming-factor publishing-factor issuing-factor circulating-factor broadcasting-factor dispatching-factor posting-factor mailing-factor shipping-factor conveying-factor delivering-factor accepting-factor getting-factor obtaining-factor acquiring-factor gaining-factor earning-factor winning-factor achieving-factor attaining-factor reaching-factor arriving-factor coming-factor approaching-factor nearing-factor closing-factor ending-factor finishing-factor completing-factor terminating-factor stopping-factor ceasing-factor halting-factor pausing-factor waiting-factor staying-factor remaining-factor continuing-factor persisting-factor lasting-factor enduring-factor surviving-factor living-factor existing-factor being-factor occurring-factor happening-factor taking-place-factor transpiring-factor resulting-factor ensuing-factor following-factor succeeding-factor preceding-factor anteceding-factor leading-to-factor causing-factor effecting-factor bringing-about-factor giving-rise-to-factor stemming-from-factor arising-from-factor resulting-from-factor deriving-from-factor originating-from-factor coming-from-factor emerging-from-factor springing-from-factor flowing-from-factor following-from-factor according-to-factor depending-on-factor relying-on-factor resting-on-factor based-on-factor grounded-on-factor founded-on-factor built-on-factor constructed-on-factor erected-on-factor established-on-factor set-up-on-factor installed-on-factor placed-on-factor put-on-factor laid-on-factor settled-on-factor located-on-factor situated-on-factor positioned-on-factor stationed-on-factor posted-on-factor assigned-to-factor allotted-to-factor apportioned-to-factor distributed-to-factor given-to-factor granted-to-factor awarded-to-factor conferred-on-factor bestowed-on-factor presented-to-factor offered-to-factor proposed-to-factor suggested-to-factor recommended-to-factor advised-to-factor counseled-to-factor consulted-with-factor conferred-with-factor discussed-with-factor talked-with-factor spoken-with-factor said-to-factor told-to-factor informed-of-factor notified-of-factor reported-to-factor announced-to-factor proclaimed-to-factor published-to-factor issued-to-factor released-to-factor circulated-to-factor broadcast-to-factor transmitted-to-factor sent-to-factor dispatched-to-factor posted-to-factor mailed-to-factor shipped-to-factor transported-to-factor conveyed-to-factor delivered-to-factor received-by-factor accepted-by-factor taken-by-factor gotten-by-factor obtained-by-factor acquired-by-factor gained-by-factor earned-by-factor won-by-factor achieved-by-factor attained-by-factor reached-by-factor arrived-at-by-factor come-to-by-factor approached-by-factor neared-by-factor closed-by-factor ended-by-factor finished-by-factor completed-by-factor concluded-by-factor terminated-by-factor stopped-by-factor ceased-by-factor halted-by-factor paused-by-factor waited-by-factor stayed-by-factor remained-by-factor continued-by-factor persisted-by-factor lasted-by-factor endured-by-factor survived-by-factor lived-by-factor existed-by-factor been-by-factor occurred-to-factor happened-to-factor taken-place-with-factor transpired-with-factor resulted-from-factor ensued-from-factor followed-from-factor succeeded-to-factor preceded-by-factor anteceded-by-factor led-to-by-factor caused-by-factor produced-by-factor effected-by-factor brought-about-by-factor given-rise-to-by-factor stemmed-from-factor arisen-from-factor derived-from-factor originated-from-factor come-from-factor emerged-from-factor sprung-from-factor flowed-from-factor accorded-to-factor depended-on-by-factor relied-on-by-factor rested-on-by-factor based-on-by-factor grounded-on-by-factor founded-on-by-factor built-on-by-factor constructed-on-by-factor erected-on-by-factor established-on-by-factor set-up-on-by-factor installed-on-by-factor placed-on-by-factor put-on-by-factor laid-on-by-factor settled-on-by-factor located-on-by-factor situated-on-by-factor positioned-on-by-factor stationed-on-by-factor posted-on-by-factor assigned-to-by-factor allotted-to-by-factor apportioned-to-by-factor distributed-to-by-factor given-to-by-factor granted-to-by-factor awarded-to-by-factor conferred-on-by-factor bestowed-on-by-factor presented-to-by-factor offered-to-by-factor proposed-to-by-factor suggested-to-by-factor recommended-to-by-factor advised-to-by-factor counseled-to-by-factor consulted-with-by-factor conferred-with-by-factor discussed-with-by-factor talked-with-by-factor spoken-with-by-factor said-to-by-factor told-to-by-factor informed-of-by-factor notified-of-by-factor reported-to-by-factor announced-to-by-factor proclaimed-to-by-factor published-to-by-factor issued-to-by-factor released-to-by-factor circulated-to-by-factor broadcast-to-by-factor transmitted-to-by-factor sent-to-by-factor dispatched-to-by-factor posted-to-by-factor mailed-to-by-factor shipped-to-by-factor transported-to-by-factor conveyed-to-by-factor delivered-to-by-factor received-at-factor accepted-at-factor taken-at-factor gotten-at-factor obtained-at-factor acquired-at-factor gained-at-factor earned-at-factor won-at-factor achieved-at-factor attained-at-factor reached-at-factor arrived-at-factor come-at-factor approached-at-factor neared-at-factor closed-at-factor ended-at-factor finished-at-factor completed-at-factor concluded-at-factor terminated-at-factor stopped-at-factor ceased-at-factor halted-at-factor paused-at-factor waited-at-factor stayed-at-factor remained-at-factor continued-at-factor persisted-at-factor lasted-at-factor endured-at-factor survived-at-factor lived-at-factor existed-at-factor been-at-factor occurred-at-factor happened-at-factor taken-place-at-factor transpired-at-factor resulted-at-factor ensued-at-factor followed-at-factor succeeded-at-factor preceded-at-factor anteceded-at-factor led-to-at-factor caused-at-factor produced-at-factor effected-at-factor brought-about-at-factor given-rise-to-at-factor stemmed-at-factor arisen-at-factor derived-at-factor originated-at-factor emerged-at-factor sprung-at-factor flowed-at-factor accorded-at-factor depended-at-factor relied-at-factor rested-at-factor based-at-factor grounded-at-factor founded-at-factor built-at-factor constructed-at-factor erected-at-factor established-at-factor set-up-at-factor installed-at-factor placed-at-factor put-at-factor laid-at-factor settled-at-factor located-at-factor situated-at-factor positioned-at-factor stationed-at-factor posted-at-factor assigned-at-factor allotted-at-factor apportioned-at-factor distributed-at-factor given-at-factor granted-at-factor awarded-at-factor conferred-at-factor bestowed-at-factor presented-at-factor offered-at-factor proposed-at-factor suggested-at-factor recommended-at-factor advised-at-factor counseled-at-factor consulted-at-factor discussed-at-factor talked-at-factor spoken-at-factor said-at-factor told-at-factor informed-at-factor notified-at-factor reported-at-factor announced-at-factor proclaimed-at-factor published-at-factor issued-at-factor released-at-factor circulated-at-factor broadcast-at-factor transmitted-at-factor sent-at-factor dispatched-at-factor mailed-at-factor shipped-at-factor transported-at-factor conveyed-at-factor delivered-at-factor
Poliaenus negundo
Poliaenus negundo is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Schaeffer in 1905. The species is known from Mexico and the United States. As a member of the subfamily Lamiinae and tribe Pogonocherini, it belongs to a group of beetles commonly associated with woody plants. Information regarding its biology, host associations, and specific habitat requirements remains limited in published literature.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Pogonocherini longhorn-beetle North-America Mexico wood-boring-beetle
Polpochila capitata
Polpochila capitata is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It was originally described as Melanotus capitatus by Chaudoir in 1852 and later transferred to the genus Polpochila. The species is known from North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. As a member of Carabidae, it belongs to a large family of predatory beetles commonly found in terrestrial habitats.
ground-beetle Carabidae Coleoptera North-America Mexico USA
Polycentropus arizonensis
Polycentropus arizonensis is a species of caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1905. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it represents one of the diverse aquatic insect groups whose larvae develop in freshwater environments. The species is known from the southwestern United States and adjacent regions of Mexico. Like other Polycentropus species, it likely possesses larvae adapted for predatory or filter-feeding lifestyles in lotic or lentic habitats.
caddisfly aquatic-insect Southwest-USA Mexico Trichoptera
Polyergus mexicanus
Western Amazon Ant
Polyergus mexicanus is an obligate social parasite known as the Western Amazon Ant, widely distributed across western North America. This species is incapable of performing basic colony tasks including foraging, nest excavation, and brood care, and depends entirely on enslaved workers of Formica host species. The species performs dramatic, coordinated raids on Formica colonies to capture larvae and pupae, which are then integrated into the parasite colony. Recent genetic studies have revealed substantial population structure associated with different host species, suggesting incipient speciation into host-specific lineages.
slave-making-ant social-parasite dulotic obligate-parasite Amazon-ant kidnapper-ant Formica-parasite Hymenoptera Formicidae North-America western-United-States California Colorado Mexico genetic-structure host-specificity brain-reduction raiding-behavior social-insect myrmecology
Polyphylla cavifrons
Polyphylla cavifrons is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It occurs in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, including Arizona, California, Nevada, and Baja California. The species belongs to a genus known for large-bodied beetles with fan-like antennae in males, though specific details about this species' biology remain limited in published literature.
scarab-beetle Melolonthinae Polyphylla Nearctic Neotropical southwestern-USA Mexico Baja-California nocturnal sand-dunes
Ponana dohrni
Ponana dohrni is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Iassinae, tribe Gyponini. First described by Carl Stål in 1864, this species is currently accepted as valid. Available distribution records indicate occurrence in the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado) and Mexico (Veracruz). As a member of the Gyponini, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by particular morphological features of the head and wing venation, though specific diagnostic traits for this species are not well documented in accessible literature.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Gyponini Iassinae Hemiptera North-America Mexico
Ponana puncticollis
Ponana puncticollis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Spångberg in 1878. It is a member of the large genus Ponana, which contains numerous North and Central American species. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the southeastern United States and Mexico, with over 950 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As with other cicadellids, it likely feeds on plant phloem, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Hemiptera North-America Mexico
Porcellionides floria
Flowery Blue Isopod
Porcellionides floria is a species of terrestrial isopod (woodlouse) in the family Porcellionidae, first described by Garthwaite and Sassaman in 1985. The species has been recorded in North America and Mexico, with 89 observations documented on iNaturalist as of the source date. Like other members of its family, it is a detritivorous crustacean adapted to life on land.
isopod woodlouse terrestrial-crustacean detritivore North-America Mexico
Praeschausia
Praeschausia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Notodontidae, established by Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1932. It contains a single species, Praeschausia zapata, described by William Schaus in 1920. The genus is endemic to Mexico.
monotypic endemic Mexico Notodontidae
Praeschausia zapata
Praeschausia zapata is the sole species in the monotypic moth genus Praeschausia, erected by Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1932. The species was originally described by William Schaus in 1920 under the basionym Kalkoma zapata. It belongs to the family Notodontidae (prominent moths) and is known from Mexico. The genus name Praeschausia honors Schaus, the original describer.
Notodontidae moth Mexico monotypic-genus Lepidoptera
Prairiana moneta
Prairiana moneta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Gyponini, described by Van Duzee in 1923. It is a member of the Nearctic fauna with documented occurrence in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. As with other Gyponini, it likely inhabits grassland and shrubland ecosystems where it feeds on vascular plant sap.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Gyponini Nearctic southwestern-United-States Mexico Van-Duzee-1923 Iassinae
Prateus fusculus
Prateus fusculus is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862. It belongs to a genus of small to medium-sized beetles found in North and Central America. Very few observations exist, with only two records documented on iNaturalist. The species epithet "fusculus" suggests a dusky or dark coloration.
Tenebrionidae darkling-beetle Mexico data-deficient LeConte-1862
Proba sallei
Proba sallei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is distributed across the Neotropical region, with records from Mexico through Central America to South America, including Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The species was originally described by Carl Stål in 1862 under the name Dagbertus sallei. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of true bugs, though specific biological details for this particular species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Miridae Hemiptera plant-bug Neotropical Stål-1862 Dagbertus-sallei Mexico Central-America South-America Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela
Promecosoma arizonae
Promecosoma arizonae is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is distributed across southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. The species was described by Crotch in 1873. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico.
leaf-beetle Chrysomelidae Southwestern-United-States Mexico
Proserpinus gaurae
proud sphinx moth, Proud Sphinx
Proserpinus gaurae is a medium-sized sphinx moth with distinctive orange and chestnut coloration. Adults are active primarily from April through August, with one or two generations per year. The species is notable for having the longest labial palps of any Proserpinus species. Larvae feed on evening primrose relatives and pupate in shallow soil burrows to overwinter.
Sphingidae Macroglossinae Macroglossini Proserpinus proud-sphinx-moth Proud-Sphinx North-America United-States Mexico evening-primrose Onagraceae Oenothera Gaura Epilobium nocturnal spring summer April May June July August 1797 Smith Sphinx-gaurae medium-sized orange chestnut reddish white black labial-palps sinuate forewing hindwing shallow-burrow overwinter pupa larva herbivore lepidopterist rear collect prairie meadow disturbed open-habitat Texas Louisiana Florida Alabama Missouri Georgia South-Carolina northern-Mexico
Proserpinus terlooii
Terloo sphinx moth, Terloo sphinx
Proserpinus terlooii is a hawk moth (family Sphingidae) native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The species is closely related to the Pine White butterfly's namesake moth, Proserpinus gaurae, with which it shares genus-level traits. Adults are nocturnal and, like other sphingids, are likely capable of sustained hovering flight. The larval host plants and detailed life history remain poorly documented in published sources.
Sphingidae hawk-moth sphinx-moth southwestern-US Mexico nocturnal Lepidoptera
Protorthodes antennata
Protorthodes antennata is a small noctuid moth described in 1912 by Barnes and McDunnough. It is distinguished from congeners by its unique reniform spot pattern lacking a dark outline. The species has a restricted range in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, with adults active in spring and fall.
Noctuidae Eriopygini moth southwestern-United-States Mexico spring-flight fall-flight reniform-spot-pattern
Protorthodes perforata
Protorthodes perforata is a small noctuid moth described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883. The species occurs across the southern United States and into central Mexico, with adults active during two distinct periods in spring and late summer through autumn. It is recognized by its pale gray forewings with contrasting dark spotting pattern.
noctuid-moth southern-United-States Mexico spring-flight autumn-flight small-moth gray-moth
Protorthodes ustulata
Protorthodes ustulata is a small noctuid moth described in 2014, distinguished by its burnt-orange forewings with contrasting gray-white markings. The species inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Adults are active during two distinct periods: spring and late summer through early autumn.
Noctuidae Noctuinae Eriopygini moth Southwestern-United-States Mexico bimodal-flight burnt-orange
Psammathodoxa cochlidioides
Psammathodoxa cochlidioides is a small moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. The species was described from specimens collected in southern Texas and Mexico. It is characterized by distinctive wing patterning with numerous wavy transverse lines.
Erebidae Calpinae North-America Mexico Texas small-moth Dyar-1921
Pseudacysta perseae
Avocado Lace Bug
Pseudacysta perseae is a lace bug in the family Tingidae, originally described by Heidemann in 1908. It is a significant foliar pest of avocado (Persea americana), causing characteristic damage to leaves. The species has undergone substantial range expansion from its original Caribbean distribution to include Mexico, the southern United States, and Central America. It has been introduced to California, where population genetic studies indicate at least two separate invasion events. The species passes through four nymphal instars and exhibits sexual dimorphism in antennal coloration, with adult males having a substantially darker fourth antennal segment.
pest avocado agriculture invasive biological-control thermal-biology Hemiptera Tingidae lace-bug California Florida Mexico Caribbean
Pseudagolius coloradensis
Pseudagolius coloradensis is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae. It is distributed across the Nearctic region from the Canadian prairies through the western and central United States to central Mexico. The species was described by Horn in 1870. Limited behavioral and ecological information is available for this species.
scarab-beetle Aphodiinae dung-beetle Nearctic North-America Mexico Canada USA
Pseudastylopsis pini
Pseudastylopsis pini is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Schaeffer in 1905. It belongs to the subfamily Lamiinae and tribe Acanthocinini. The species has been recorded in North and Middle America, with documented presence in Mexico and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with coniferous hosts.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Acanthocinini conifer-associated North-America Mexico pine-beetle longhorned-beetle
Pseudhapigia
Pseudhapigia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Notodontidae, established by William Schaus in 1901. The genus contains a single species, Pseudhapigia brunnea, which occurs in North America with its type locality in Guadalajara, Mexico. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 8029. The genus is classified within the subfamily Hapigiinae.
monotypic Notodontidae Hapigiinae North-America Mexico Hodges-8029
Pseudhapigia brunnea
Hollow-spotted Prominent
Pseudhapigia brunnea is a moth species in the family Notodontidae, commonly known as the Hollow-spotted Prominent. It is the sole member of the monotypic genus Pseudhapigia. The species was first described by William Schaus in 1901 from Guadalajara, Mexico, and is known to occur in North America.
prominent-moth Notodontidae monotypic-genus North-America Mexico
Pseudohemihyalea splendens
A medium-sized moth in the family Erebidae, described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1910. Adults are active from late July through mid-November and are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is notable for its relatively narrow geographic range centered on the Madrean sky islands and adjacent Mexican highlands.
Erebidae Lepidoptera Madrean Arizona Mexico montane-moth
Pseudomyrmex apache
Apache Twig Ant
Pseudomyrmex apache is a species of twig ant in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. It is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, with unconfirmed reports from Florida. The species is characterized by its golden yellow coloration and wasp-like body form typical of the genus. Like other Pseudomyrmex species, it has notably large compound eyes relative to body size.
ant twig-ant Pseudomyrmecinae Formicidae Hymenoptera golden-yellow southwestern-United-States Mexico arid-habitat
Pseudophanerotoma
A genus of solitary endoparasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Cheloninae. Species are known to parasitize tortricid moths, including agricultural pests. The genus occurs from southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to South America (Brazil, Peru, French Guiana). At least four species have been described: P. huichol (Mexico), P. austini (Guatemala), P. paranaensis (Brazil, French Guiana), and P. thapsina (Texas, French Guiana).
parasitoid biological-control tortricidae avocado-pest cheloninae neotropical mexico guatemala french-guiana brazil texas endoparasitoid lepidoptera-parasitoid agricultural-pest-control
Pseudopsallus puberus
Pseudopsallus puberus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Uhler in 1894. The species is distributed across western North America and parts of Central America.
Miridae plant-bug North-America Central-America western-United-States Mexico
Pseudorthygia
Pseudorthygia is a genus of flea beetles (family Chrysomelidae) containing two described species, both found in Mexico. The genus was established by Csiki in 1940. Both species were originally described by Jacoby in 1891 and later transferred to this genus.
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae flea-beetles Mexico Neotropical
Pseudorypteryx
Pseudorypteryx is a monotypic genus of cave-dwelling barklice in the family Psyllipsocidae, erected by García-Aldrete in 1984. The genus contains a single described species, Pseudorypteryx mexicana. Members of this genus are troglobitic, meaning they are specialized for life in cave environments.
cave-dwelling troglobitic barklice Mexico monotypic
Pseudorypteryx mexicana
Pseudorypteryx mexicana is a species of trogiomorphan psocid (barklouse) in the family Psyllipsocidae, described by García-Aldrete in 1984. Members of this family are small, wingless insects typically associated with dark, humid microhabitats. The genus Pseudorypteryx is characterized by reduced wing venation and other troglomorphic adaptations. This species occurs in Mexico and the United States.
Psocodea Trogiomorpha Psyllipsocidae barklouse psocid Mexico United-States
Psilochorus californiae
Psilochorus californiae is a species of cellar spider in the family Pholcidae. It was described by Chamberlin in 1919. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like other pholcids, it constructs irregular, three-dimensional webs in dark, sheltered locations.
Arachnida Araneae Pholcidae cellar-spider cave-dwelling North-America Mexico United-States
Psilopyga fasciata
Psilopyga fasciata is a small sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described from Mexico by Sharp in 1891. The species has undergone taxonomic revision and is currently treated as a synonym of Oxycnemus fasciatus. Records indicate presence in Middle and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Nitidulidae sap-beetle Coleoptera Mexico North-America synonym
Psoloessa texana
Texas Range Grasshopper, Texas Spotted Range Grasshopper
Psoloessa texana is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae and is part of the tribe Aulocarini.
grasshopper Acrididae Gomphocerinae slant-faced North-America southwestern-US Mexico late-hatching overwintering-nymphs
Psychonoctua masoni
Psychonoctua masoni is a moth species in the family Cossidae, described by William Schaus in 1892. The species has a limited known distribution in Mexico and southern Texas. As a member of Cossidae, it belongs to a family commonly known as carpenter or goat moths, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
cossidae lepidoptera mexico texas schaus-1892 carpenter-moth
Pteleon brevicornis
Orange Stout-horned Luperine
Pteleon brevicornis is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern North America and northwestern Mexico. The species is known from scattered records across its range, with 132 observations documented on iNaturalist. It is commonly referred to as the Orange Stout-horned Luperine.
Chrysomelidae Coleoptera leaf-beetle Southwest-North-America Mexico United-States
Pygarctia pterygostigma
Pygarctia pterygostigma is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1909. It occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with a wingspan of approximately 28 mm. Adults are active during summer months. As a member of the genus Pygarctia, it belongs to a group known for acoustic aposematism—emitting sound signals to warn bat predators of chemical defenses.
erebidae arctiinae tiger-moth southwestern-united-states mexico acoustic-aposematism nocturnal
Pygoctenucha
Pygoctenucha is a genus of arctiine tussock moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883. The genus contains five described species distributed in North and Central America. Members are classified within the tribe Lithosiini, a group of lichen moths characterized by their relatively slender bodies and often subdued coloration. The genus has been documented through limited observations, with most records concentrated in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Arctiinae Lithosiini tussock-moth North-America Mexico Grote-1883
Pyractomena punctiventris
Texas Hooker Firefly
Pyractomena punctiventris is a firefly species in the family Lampyridae, known from east-central Texas south to Veracruz, Mexico. It belongs to the genus Pyractomena, which comprises bioluminescent beetles commonly found in North American wetlands and riparian habitats. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1878. Like other fireflies, adults produce light through chemical bioluminescence, though specific flash patterns for this species are not well documented in available sources.
firefly Lampyridae bioluminescence Texas Mexico Coleoptera North-America LeConte-1878 wetland riparian
Pyrausta obtusanalis
White-fringed Pyrausta Moth and Allies
Pyrausta obtusanalis is a crambid moth described by Druce in 1899. It belongs to the genus Pyrausta, a diverse group of small moths commonly known as pyrausta moths or snout moths. The species has a documented distribution in Mexico (Jalapa), southern California, and Arizona. Beyond basic taxonomic and geographic information, little is documented about its biology.
crambid-moth snout-moth Pyrausta North-America Mexico Arizona California Druce-1899
Pyrausta pseuderosnealis
Yellow-banded Pyrausta Moth
Pyrausta pseuderosnealis is a small crambid moth described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1976. It occurs across much of the southern and central United States and Mexico. Adults are active year-round in warmer regions, with records spanning January through October. The species belongs to a genus containing several economically significant herbivores, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Crambidae Pyrausta North-America Mexico United-States small-moth poorly-known
Pyrota insulata
Yellow-crescent Blister Beetle
Pyrota insulata is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, recognized by the common name yellow-crescent blister beetle. Adults reach approximately 2 cm in length and possess the chemical defense typical of meloids: cantharidin, a skin-irritating compound that causes blistering on contact with human skin. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
blister-beetle cantharidin chemical-defense Meloidae southwestern-US Mexico