Hymenoptera
Guides
Neodiprion pinetum
White Pine Sawfly
Neodiprion pinetum is a conifer-feeding sawfly native to eastern North America. Adults are broad-bodied, stingless wasps with females bearing a saw-like ovipositor used to insert eggs into pine needles. Larvae are creamy-yellow with black heads and four longitudinal rows of black spots, resembling caterpillars but possessing more prolegs. The species is frequently monophagous on eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), though larvae have been documented on several other pine species. Localized outbreaks occur regularly and can kill small stands of host trees, though natural enemies including egg and larval parasitoids typically provide substantial biological control.
Neolarra californica
cuckoo bee
Neolarra californica is a cleptoparasitic cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is known to parasitize nests of Perdita difficilis, a mining bee species. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. As a member of the tribe Neolarrini, it represents one of the specialized parasitic lineages within the diverse Apidae family.
Neolarra vigilans
Neolarra vigilans is a kleptoparasitic cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. The species is known for its parasitic lifestyle, infiltrating the nests of host bees to lay its eggs. Its geographic range extends from northern Mexico to southern Canada, with a notable northward range extension documented in Oregon.
Neoneurus
Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.
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mojavensis
Neopasites mojavensis is a species of cleptoparasitic bee in the family Apidae, subfamily Nomadinae. The species was described by Linsley in 1943 and is native to North America. As a member of the tribe Biastini, it is presumed to exhibit kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bees to exploit their provisions. The specific epithet "mojavensis" suggests an association with the Mojave Desert region.
Neotheronia bicincta
Neotheronia bicincta is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1865. The genus Neotheronia belongs to the large and diverse ichneumonid wasp family, whose members are predominantly parasitoids of other insects. As with most ichneumonids, this species is likely a parasitoid, though specific host records and biological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Neothlipsis cincta
Neothlipsis cincta is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Braconidae, first described by Cresson in 1873. It belongs to a genus of small wasps that are parasitoids of other insects. Records indicate this species has been documented in North America and Oceania. As with many braconid wasps, it likely plays a role in biological control by parasitizing host insects, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Neotypus nobilitator
Neotypus nobilitator is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are primarily associated with spider hosts. The species has been recorded across northern Europe and North America. Like other ichneumonids, it likely develops as a koinobiont endoparasitoid, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Neuroterus alexandrae
Neuroterus alexandrae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described by Nicholls and Melika in 2021. As a member of the genus Neuroterus, it induces distinctive galls on oak leaves. The genus Neuroterus is known for producing some of the most recognizable oak galls, including spangle galls and jumping galls.
Neuroterus aliceae
Neuroterus aliceae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described in 2021. Like other members of the genus Neuroterus, this species induces gall formation on oak leaves. The genus Neuroterus is known for creating distinctive leaf galls, including the jumping oak galls where larval movement can cause detached galls to move. This species is part of the diverse radiation of oak-associated cynipid wasps, with over 800 species of oak gall wasps documented in North America.
Neuroterus lamellae
Neuroterus lamellae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, a group renowned for inducing distinctive growths on oak plants. As a member of the genus Neuroterus, this species participates in the complex life cycles typical of cynipid wasps, often involving alternating generations between sexual and asexual forms on different oak tissues. The specific epithet "lamellae" suggests a structural feature, possibly referring to lamellate or plate-like elements of the gall or wasp morphology. Like other Neuroterus species, it is intimately associated with oak hosts (Quercus spp.) and contributes to the remarkable diversity of gall-forming insects in North America.
Neuroterus minutus
Neuroterus minutus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Members of this genus are known to induce galls on oak trees (Quercus species). The species has been documented through citizen science observations, with records available on platforms such as iNaturalist. As with many cynipid wasps, detailed biological studies of this particular species appear limited in the available literature.
Neuroterus quercusbatatus
Oak potato gall, Potato gall wasp
Neuroterus quercusbatatus is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive potato-shaped galls on oak leaves. The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving alternating generations between leaf galls and other oak tissues. As a member of the diverse Neuroterus genus, it contributes to the remarkable gall-forming diversity associated with North American oaks. The species has been documented through hundreds of observations, indicating it is relatively common and widespread in suitable habitat.
Neuroterus quercusmajalis
Neuroterus quercusmajalis is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces galls on oak leaves. As a member of the genus Neuroterus, it is part of a diverse group of cynipid wasps specialized on oaks. The species was described by Beutenmüller in 1909. Like other Neuroterus species, it exhibits complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual generations that produce different gall types on oak tissues.
Neuroterus quercusminutissimus
Neuroterus quercusminutissimus is a species of cynipid gall wasp in the genus Neuroterus. The species was described by Ashmead in 1885 and is associated with oak trees (Quercus species), as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other Neuroterus species, it induces the formation of galls on oak tissue. The genus Neuroterus contains approximately 50-60 species, many of which are known for their complex life cycles involving alternating generations that produce different gall types on oak leaves or other plant parts.
Neuroterus quercusverrucarum
oak flake gall wasp
Neuroterus quercusverrucarum is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces distinctive galls on oak leaves. First described by Osten Sacken in 1861, this species is part of the diverse Neuroterus genus, which includes many oak-associated gall wasps with complex life cycles often involving alternating sexual and asexual generations. The species creates characteristic leaf galls that serve as both food source and protective nursery for developing larvae. Like other cynipid wasps, N. quercusverrucarum exhibits intricate ecological relationships with its oak hosts and associated parasitoid communities.
Neuroterus rileyi
Neuroterus rileyi is a species of cynipid gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, genus Neuroterus. Like other Neuroterus species, it induces characteristic galls on oak (Quercus) hosts. The genus Neuroterus is known for producing small, often disc-shaped or spangle galls on oak leaves, with some species exhibiting complex life cycles involving alternate generations on different oak tissues. Specific details about N. rileyi's gall morphology and biology remain limited in available sources.
Neuroterus tantulus
Neuroterus tantulus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Like other members of the genus Neuroterus, this species induces the formation of galls on oak leaves. The genus Neuroterus is known for producing small, often disc-shaped or pouch-like leaf galls on various oak species. Neuroterus tantulus has been documented through numerous observations, indicating it is relatively widespread where its oak hosts occur.
Neurotoma
Neurotoma is a genus of sawflies in the family Pamphiliidae, established by Konow in 1897. The genus contains approximately twelve described species distributed across Europe, Southeastern Asia, and North America. At least one Nearctic species, N. crataegi, has been documented feeding on hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) as larvae. The genus belongs to the suborder Symphyta, representing one of the more species-rich genera within the relatively small family Pamphiliidae.
Nomada affabilis
nomad bee
Nomada affabilis is a species of kleptoparasitic nomad bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits the characteristic cuckoo bee lifestyle of laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than building its own nests or collecting pollen. The species is distributed across North America and comprises two recognized subspecies: Nomada affabilis affabilis and Nomada affabilis dallasensis. Like other nomad bees, females likely locate host nests using chemical cues and possess reduced scopal structures for pollen collection.
Nomada armatella
Yellow-backed Nomad
Nomada armatella is a cuckoo bee species in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1903. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests. The species has been documented in North America, with confirmed records from Vermont, United States. Like other Nomada species, it likely targets specific host bees, though detailed host associations for this particular species remain poorly documented.
Nomada articulata
Articulated Nomad
Nomada articulata is a species of nomad bee in the family Apidae, first described by Smith in 1854. It is a kleptoparasitic species found in North America, specifically known to parasitize nests of the sweat bee Agapostemon sericeus. Like other Nomada species, it lacks the branched body hairs typical of pollen-collecting bees and relies entirely on host bees to provision its offspring.
Nomada bella
Belle Nomad Bee
Nomada bella is a cuckoo bee species in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1863. As a kleptoparasite, females lay eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing their own nests or collecting pollen. The species occurs in North America, with documented records from Vermont and other regions. Like other members of the genus Nomada, it exhibits the characteristic wasp-like appearance of cuckoo bees, lacking the dense branched hairs used for pollen collection that are typical of non-parasitic bees.
Nomada cuneata
Cuneate Nomad Bee
Nomada cuneata is a kleptoparasitic bee species in the family Apidae, native to North America. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits the characteristic cuckoo bee behavior of laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests or provisioning young. The species is recorded from Vermont and other parts of North America. Like other Nomada species, it likely targets specific host bees, though detailed host associations for this particular species remain poorly documented.
Nomada denticulata
Denticulate Nomad
Nomada denticulata is a species of nomad bee in the family Apidae. It is found in North America. As a member of the genus Nomada, it is a kleptoparasitic cuckoo bee that lays eggs in the nests of other bee species rather than building its own nest or collecting pollen.
Nomada edwardsii
Edwards' Nomad
Nomada edwardsii is a species of nomad bee in the family Apidae. It is a kleptoparasitic bee that lays its eggs in the nests of other bee species. The species is found in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: Nomada edwardsii edwardsii and Nomada edwardsii vinnula.
Nomada electa
nomad bee, cuckoo bee
Nomada electa is a species of kleptoparasitic nomad bee in the family Apidae, found in North America. As a cuckoo bee, it does not build its own nests or collect pollen, instead laying eggs in the nests of host bee species. The species was described by Cresson in 1863.
Nomada fervida
Fervid Nomad Bee
Nomada fervida is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, found in North America. Like other members of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species. The species was first described by Smith in 1854. As a nest parasite, it relies on host bees to provision its offspring with pollen and nectar.
Nomada gracilis
Gracile Nomad
Nomada gracilis is a cleptoparasitic bee species in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1863. Like other members of the genus Nomada, it does not construct nests or collect pollen, instead laying eggs in the nests of host bee species. The larvae consume the host's provisions and often kill the host larva. This species is recorded from North America, with specific observations documented from Vermont, United States.
Nomada gutierreziae
Nomada gutierreziae is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1896. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests. The species is known from Middle and North America. Like other Nomada species, females likely locate host nests using chemical cues. Males of the genus have been observed to engage in "antennal grabbing" during copulation, a behavior involving the winding of antennae around the female's antennae to transfer pheromones, though this specific behavior has not been directly documented for N. gutierreziae.
Nomada hemphilli
Nomada hemphilli is a species of nomad bee in the family Apidae. It was described by Cockerell in 1903 and is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Nomada, it is a kleptoparasitic bee that lays its eggs in the nests of host bee species. The genus is known for males exhibiting 'antennal grabbing' behavior during copulation, where antennae are wound around the female to transfer pheromones, though this specific behavior has not been directly documented for N. hemphilli.
Nomada maculata
Spotted Nomad Bee
Nomada maculata, the Spotted Nomad Bee, is a kleptoparasitic bee species in the family Apidae. Like other members of the genus Nomada, it does not construct its own nest but instead lays eggs in the nests of host bee species, primarily ground-nesting bees in the genus Andrena. The species is found in North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States including Vermont. As a cuckoo bee, females enter host nests to deposit eggs, and the resulting larvae consume the host's pollen provisions and may destroy the host egg or larva.
Nomada mutans
Nomada mutans is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1910. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nest or provisioning offspring. The species is part of a diverse genus of over 850 described species worldwide, many of which are poorly known biologically.
Nomada obliterata
Obliterated Nomad
Nomada obliterata is a species of kleptoparasitic cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1863. As a member of the genus Nomada, it is presumed to lay eggs in the nests of host bee species, though specific host associations for this particular species have not been documented. The species is known from North America, with confirmed records from Vermont, USA.
Nomada placida
Placid Nomad Bee
Nomada placida is a species of kleptoparasitic cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1863. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits the characteristic lifestyle of nomad bees: females lay their eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing their own nests or collecting pollen. The species is found in North America, though specific details about its host associations, habitat preferences, and population status remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Nomada pygmaea
Pygmy Nomad
Nomada pygmaea is a species of kleptoparasitic 'cuckoo' bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1863. As a member of the genus Nomada, it lays eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nest or collecting pollen. The species is found in North America, with confirmed records from Vermont and other regions. Like other nomad bees, it exhibits the characteristic wasp-like appearance resulting from reduced hair coverage, an adaptation associated with its parasitic lifestyle.
Nomada tiftonensis
Tifton Nomad Bee
Nomada tiftonensis is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1903. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests or collecting pollen. The species is known from scattered records in the eastern and midwestern United States, including Michigan and Vermont. Like other nomad bees, it likely relies on visual and chemical cues to locate host nests.
Nomada utahensis
Utah Nomad Bee
Nomada utahensis is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Moalif in 1988. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests. The species is known from North America, with limited observational records available.
Nomada vegana
nomad bee
Nomada vegana is a species of kleptoparasitic nomad bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1903. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits the characteristic cuckoo bee lifestyle of laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests or collecting pollen. The species is known from Central America and North America, with iNaturalist recording over 1,800 observations. Like other Nomada species, it likely targets nests of Andrena or related ground-nesting bees as hosts.
Nomada vicina
Neighborly Nomad
Nomada vicina is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1863. As a member of the genus Nomada, it exhibits kleptoparasitic behavior, laying eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than constructing its own nests. The species is known from North America with confirmed records from Vermont and other regions. Like other Nomada species, it likely targets nests of mining bees in the genus Andrena. The common name "Neighborly Nomad" reflects both its parasitic lifestyle and its taxonomic proximity to related species.
Nomada zebrata
Nomada zebrata is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. Like other members of the genus Nomada, it is a kleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of host bee species rather than building its own nest or collecting pollen. The species exhibits the characteristic wasp-like appearance typical of cuckoo bees, with reduced body hair compared to pollen-collecting bees. It is native to North America.
Notopygus virginiensis
Notopygus virginiensis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1915. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The genus Notopygus is part of the diverse ichneumonoid complex, with species typically characterized by specialized parasitoid life histories targeting other insects. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
Nylanderia phantasma
Ghostly Crazy Ant
Nylanderia phantasma is a species of ant in the family Formicidae, commonly known as the Ghostly Crazy Ant. It belongs to the genus Nylanderia, a group often referred to as crazy ants due to their erratic, rapid movement patterns. The species was described by Trager in 1984. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a generalist forager, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Nysson
Nysson is a Holarctic genus of kleptoparasitic wasps in the family Crabronidae. Over 100 species are known. These wasps are obligate kleptoparasites, meaning females exploit the food caches of other solitary wasps by locating host burrows, digging them open, destroying the host egg, and replacing it with their own. The larva then consumes the prey provisioned by the host mother.
Nysson freyigessneri
Nysson freyigessneri is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Handlirsch in 1887. The species is currently considered a synonym of Nysson aurinotus. Like other members of the genus Nysson, it belongs to a group of kleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary wasps. The genus Nysson is distributed across North America, with species acting as parasites primarily targeting sand wasps and other burrowing wasps.
Obeza
Obeza is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Eucharitidae containing eight described species. Members of this genus are parasitoids of ants, with Obeza floridana specifically documented as parasitizing Camponotus abdominalis floridanus in Florida. The genus was established by Heraty in 1985.
Obeza floridana
Obeza floridana is a parasitoid wasp in the family Eucharitidae. It is known specifically from Florida, where it parasitizes the ant Camponotus abdominalis floridanus. The species was first described by Ashmead in 1888 and was originally placed in the genus Lophyrocera. Eucharitid wasps are specialized ant parasitoids that typically attack mature ant larvae or pupae within host colonies.
Obeza septentrionalis
Obeza septentrionalis is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Eucharitidae, first described by Brues in 1907. Members of this genus are known as ant parasites, with females laying eggs in vegetation and larvae attaching to passing ants to be carried into nests where they complete development. The specific epithet "septentrionalis" (northern) suggests a geographic association, though detailed distribution records are limited. Like other Eucharitidae, this species likely exhibits highly specialized host relationships with particular ant species.
Odontobracon
Odontobracon is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, established by Cameron in 1887. Members of this genus are part of the diverse ichneumonoid wasp fauna, characterized by their role as parasitoids of other insects. The genus is represented by very few observations in biodiversity databases, suggesting it is either rare, poorly sampled, or taxonomically cryptic. Braconid wasps in this group generally possess the family-typical features of reduced wing venation and larval development inside or on host insects.
Odontofroggatia
Odontofroggatia is a genus of non-pollinating fig wasps in the family Epichrysomallidae. The genus is associated with a narrow range of host fig species, specifically Ficus microcarpa and Ficus prasinicarpa. Members develop within fig fruits as parasitoids or inquilines. The genus was established by Ishii in 1934.