Heteroptera
Guides
Melanopleurus
Melanopleurus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Stål in 1874. The genus comprises more than 20 described species. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera) in the suborder Heteroptera, placing them within the diverse assemblage of lygaeid seed bugs.
Melanopleurus tenor
Melanopleurus tenor is a species of seed bug in the family Lygaeidae, described by Brailovsky in 1979. The genus Melanopleurus belongs to the true bugs (Heteroptera), a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts and incomplete metamorphosis. As a member of Lygaeidae, this species is likely associated with seed-feeding habits typical of the family, though specific ecological data remain limited. The species has been recorded in North America.
Melymacra
Melymacra is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Schwartz in 2004. It belongs to the diverse infraorder Cimicomorpha within the true bugs (Heteroptera). The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its species composition, biology, and ecology. Available records indicate extremely few observations, suggesting either genuine rarity, cryptic habits, or undercollection.
Mesovelia amoena
water treader
Mesovelia amoena is a species of water treader (family Mesoveliidae), a group of semiaquatic true bugs adapted to life at the water surface. The species was described by Uhler in 1894 and has a remarkably broad distribution spanning five continents. Water treaders in this family are characterized by their ability to walk on water using surface tension, aided by their hydrophobic body covering and specialized leg structure.
Metopoplax
Metopoplax is a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the family Oxycarenidae, established by Fieber in 1860. The genus contains at least three described species: M. ditomoides, M. fuscinervis, and M. origani. Members of this genus are small heteropterans classified within the superfamily Lygaeoidea.
Mezira sayi
Mezira sayi is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae, a group of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened bodies. The species was described by Kormilev in 1982. It is native to North America. Flat bugs in this family are typically associated with decaying wood and fungal habitats.
Micracanthia
Micracanthia is a genus of shore bugs in the family Saldidae, established by Reuter in 1912. The genus comprises approximately 15 described species. These insects belong to the true bugs (Heteroptera) and are part of the Saldoidini tribe within the Saldinae subfamily. The genus has been documented in comparative taxonomic studies regarding its relationship to the closely related genus Saldula.
Microplax
Microplax is a genus of true bugs in the family Oxycarenidae, established by Fieber in 1860. The genus includes species native to the Mediterranean region, with at least one species, Microplax albofasciata, having expanded its range northward to the Channel Islands and Germany, and subsequently introduced to North America. The 2012 detection in California represents the first documented occurrence in the United States.
Microplax albofasciata
Microplax albofasciata is a true bug in the family Oxycarenidae, native to the Mediterranean region and parts of western Europe. The species was first described by Costa in 1847 and has been documented across southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It was first recorded in North America in California in 2012, representing a recent range expansion. The specific epithet 'albofasciata' refers to a white banded pattern characteristic of this species.
Minitingis
Minitingis is a genus of lace bugs (Tingidae) comprising two described species: M. minusculus (Barbados, 1954) and M. elsae (West Indies, 1968). Originally synonymized with Zetekella by Drake & Ruhoff (1960), it was revalidated by Froeschner (1968) based on distinct morphological characters and zoogeographical separation. The genus is restricted to the West Indies, contrasting with Zetekella's Neotropical mainland distribution (Panama, Brazil, Ecuador). Both species are known only from brachypterous forms.
Myiomma
Myiomma is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Isometopinae. The genus was established by Puton in 1872. At least 15 species of Isometopinae are recorded from China, with Myiomma being one of four genera represented in the region. The genus includes Myiomma qinlingensis, described from the Qinling Mountains of China.
Nabidae
Damsel Bugs
Nabidae is a family of predatory true bugs known as damsel bugs, containing over 500 species in approximately 20 genera. These soft-bodied, elongate insects are terrestrial predators that use raptorial forelegs to capture and hold prey, similar to mantids. They are economically important in agriculture due to their predation on crop pests including aphids, lepidopteran eggs, and other small insects. Many species are attracted to lights at night, and some exhibit wing polymorphism with fully winged, short-winged, or wingless forms.
Nabis
damsel bug
Small predatory true bugs in the family Nabidae. Adults typically under 12 mm. Nocturnal hunters that subdue prey larger than themselves using raptorial front legs. Attracted to artificial lights, possibly to exploit other insects drawn there. Economically significant as natural pest control agents in agricultural systems.
Nannium
Nannium is a genus of flat bugs in the family Aradidae, established by Bergroth in 1898. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened bodies, an adaptation for living in narrow spaces under bark or within decaying wood. The genus belongs to a family of insects commonly known as flat bugs or bark bugs, which are primarily associated with dead and decaying wood habitats.
Narvesus
Narvesus is a Neotropical genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae: Stenopodainae) established by Stål in 1859. The genus contains two described species: Narvesus carolinensis and Narvesus minor. These predatory true bugs are characterized by morphological features typical of the subfamily Stenopodainae, including raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision with updated descriptions, illustrations, and male genitalia data.
Naucoridae
creeping water bugs, saucer bugs
Naucoridae is a family of aquatic predatory true bugs comprising approximately 400 species in 46 genera across five subfamilies. Members are commonly known as creeping water bugs or saucer bugs due to their dorsoventrally flattened, oval body shape. They inhabit freshwater environments worldwide with greatest diversity in tropical regions, ranging from still waters to torrential streams. Most species are lotic, occurring in flowing waters rather than lentic habitats. They are predatory, feeding on other small invertebrates using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Neolygus
Neolygus is a large genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing at least 110 described species. The genus was first reported from the Himalayas in 2012, with records from Nepal and North India. Species identification relies heavily on male genitalia structure. Several species have been transferred to this genus from related genera such as Lygocoris.
Neolygus quercalbae
A plant bug in the family Miridae, described from the northeastern United States. The species epithet suggests an association with oak (Quercus) and white (alba), though specific host relationships have not been formally documented. Like other members of Neolygus, it is presumed to be phytophagous.
Neopamera bilobata
dirt-colored seed bug
Neopamera bilobata is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae with a broad distribution across the Americas. It has emerged as a significant pest of strawberry cultivation in high tunnel systems, where it causes catfacing damage to fruits. The species exhibits distinctive reproductive behaviors including male courtship displays and female resistance during copulation. Laboratory studies indicate a lifespan of approximately 45-52 days and egg-laying rates of 2.2 eggs per day.
Neopetissius slaterorum
Neopetissius slaterorum is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by O'Donnell in 2001. The species is distributed across Central and South America, with records from Mexico to Brazil. Like other members of Rhyparochromidae, it belongs to a family of true bugs commonly known as dirt-colored seed bugs. The specific epithet honors the Slater family, prominent figures in heteropteran systematics.
Neortholomus koreshanus
Neortholomus koreshanus is a seed bug in the family Lygaeidae, originally described as Belonochilus koreshanus by Van Duzee in 1909. The species occurs in the Caribbean and North America, with records from the United States and Isle of Pines (Cuba). As a member of the subfamily Orsillinae, it belongs to a group commonly associated with seed-feeding habits. The genus Neortholomus is relatively small and poorly studied, with limited published information on its biology.
Nepomorpha
true water bugs, water bugs
Nepomorpha is an infraorder of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) comprising approximately 2,000 species worldwide. Members are characterized by reduced, weakly muscled antennae typically concealed against the head, and absent or vestigial ocelli. Most species inhabit freshwater environments, with the exception of the superfamily Ochteroidea, which occupies riparian zones along water margins. The group includes diverse forms such as giant water bugs, water scorpions, water boatmen, and backswimmers.
Nidicola engys
Nidicola engys is a species of minute pirate bug in the family Anthocoridae, a group of predatory true bugs. The genus Nidicola is specialized for life in bird nests, with species adapted to this microhabitat. N. engys has been recorded from North America. Like other anthocorids, it likely preys on small arthropods within its nest habitat.
Niesthrea sidae
Niesthrea sidae is a species of scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, native to the New World. It is one of approximately 20 recognized species in the genus Niesthrea, which was taxonomically revised in 2019 with six new species described. The species occurs across broad geographic regions including the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae).
Nomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
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Ochrostomus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Carl Stål in 1874. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Lygaeinae and are characterized by their relatively small to medium size and association with seed-feeding habits typical of the family. The genus is primarily distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics. As with many lygaeid genera, species-level taxonomy remains partially unresolved, and ecological data for most species are limited.
Ochteridae
Velvety Shore Bugs
Ochteridae is a small family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) comprising approximately 80–90 described species in eight genera. Commonly known as velvety shore bugs, they are semi-aquatic insects inhabiting the margins of freshwater bodies worldwide, with highest diversity in tropical regions. The family is characterized by a velvety body texture, small size (4.5–9 mm), and distinctive antennal and leg sensilla adapted to riparian habitats. Recent taxonomic revisions have significantly expanded the known species diversity, particularly in Australia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes.
Ochterus banksi
velvety shore bug
Ochterus banksi is a species of velvety shore bug in the family Ochteridae, a group of small predatory true bugs associated with moist shoreline habitats. The species was described by Barber in 1913 and is found in North America. A taxonomic revision of the genus Ochterus synonymized O. flaviclavus under O. banksi, recognizing the former as an intraspecific color morph.
Oedalocanthus ornatus
Oedalocanthus ornatus is a species of stilt bug in the family Berytidae, described by Henry in 1996. It belongs to the subfamily Gampsocorinae and tribe Hoplinini. The species is characterized by its elongated, slender body form typical of stilt bugs, with notably long legs. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, suggesting it is either rare, cryptic, or restricted to specific habitats.
Oncerometopus ruber
Oncerometopus ruber is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the suborder Heteroptera (true bugs) within the order Hemiptera. The species has been recorded from Texas, USA, and is part of the North American mirid fauna. Like other members of the Miridae family, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids.
Opisthacidius
Opisthacidius is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Reduviinae. It was established by Berg in 1879 and is native to South America. The genus comprises predatory true bugs that hunt other insects using raptorial forelegs and a piercing-sucking proboscis.
Opisthacidius mexicanus
Opisthacidius mexicanus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Reduviinae. It was described by Peláez in 1942 and is native to Mexico and Middle America. As a member of the Reduviidae, it is presumed to be a predatory insect, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Orectoderus montanus
Orectoderus montanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the true bugs (Heteroptera), a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is found in western North America, with records from the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions.
Oriini
minute pirate bugs
Oriini is a tribe of minute pirate bugs within the family Anthocoridae, comprising approximately 6 genera and more than 60 described species. Members are small predatory true bugs distributed across multiple continents. The tribe includes economically important genera such as Orius, which are widely used in biological pest control.
Ornithocoris pallidus
Ornithocoris pallidus is a species of bed bug in the family Cimicidae, first described by Usinger in 1959. It belongs to the subfamily Haematosiphoninae, which comprises cimicids associated with birds and bats. The genus Ornithocoris is distinguished from other cimicid genera by its association with avian hosts. The species epithet 'pallidus' refers to its pale coloration. Distribution records indicate presence in North America and South America, though specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Orthops
Orthops is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae. The genus was established by Fieber in 1858. It contains at least 30 described species globally, with approximately 5 species in two subgenera recorded from Europe. Species in this genus are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plants.
Orthotylus fuscicornis
Orthotylus fuscicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. It belongs to the subfamily Orthotylinae, a group of mirids often associated with woody plants. The species has been documented from Colorado, USA, and is part of the Nearctic fauna. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a phytophagous insect feeding on plant sap, though specific host plant records for this species appear to be limited in the available literature.
Orthotylus submarginatus
Orthotylus submarginatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. It belongs to the subfamily Orthotylinae and is part of a large genus of mirid bugs. The species has been documented in eastern North America, with records from West Virginia and surrounding regions. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation and may be attracted to lights at night.
Ozophora
dirt-colored seed bugs
Ozophora is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, containing more than 100 described species. These true bugs are characterized by their dull coloration and association with seed feeding. The genus has been documented in the Neotropics and the Lesser Antilles, with research focusing on systematics, new species descriptions, and reproductive behavior in select species.
Ozophora depicturata
dirt-colored seed bug
Ozophora depicturata is a seed bug species in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Barber in 1928. It belongs to the large and diverse group of 'dirt-colored seed bugs' characterized by generally dull, earth-toned coloration. The species is documented from North America, with occurrence records from the United States.
Ozophora occidentalis
Ozophora occidentalis is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Slater in 1988. It is distributed in western North America, with records from Canada and the United States. As a member of the genus Ozophora, it belongs to a group of true bugs primarily associated with seed feeding. The species is part of the tribe Ozophorini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Ozophorini
dirt-colored seed bugs
Ozophorini is a tribe of true bugs within the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Sweet in 1967. The tribe comprises more than 30 genera and approximately 220 described species. Members are classified within the seed bug assemblage of the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The tribe has been subject to taxonomic revision, particularly for genera such as Vertomannus, and biological studies including life cycle documentation for species like Balboa variabilis.
Pachycorinae
Pachycorinae is a subfamily of Scutelleridae (jewel bugs) comprising 27 genera and approximately 125 species, predominantly distributed in the Neotropical region. The subfamily is distinguished by the presence of stridulatory structures: an abdominal sternal stridulitrum located primarily on sternites V-VI, paired with a tibial plectrum on the hind tibiae. These sound-producing structures are present in immatures, males, and females, and exhibit morphological variation that carries taxonomic significance. Two main stridulitrum patterns occur: smooth carinae (24 genera) and coarse carinae with small teeth (3 genera); tibial plectra show either rounded tubercles or flat tubercles.
Pachygrontha compacta
Pachygrontha compacta is a true bug species in the family Pachygronthidae, first described by Distant in 1893. It is a seed bug with a broad distribution across the Neotropical and Nearctic regions, recorded from the southern United States through Central America and the Caribbean to South America. The species belongs to a family of lygaeoid bugs characterized by their elongate body form and seed-feeding habits. Like other members of Pachygronthidae, it is presumed to feed on seeds of grasses or other monocot plants, though specific host records remain limited.
Paragonatas divergens
Paragonatas divergens is a species of true bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, a group commonly known as dirt-colored seed bugs. The species was originally described by Distant in 1882 under the basionym Gonatas divergens and later transferred to the genus Paragonatas. As a member of the tribe Lethaeini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae, it belongs to a diverse lineage of ground-dwelling seed-feeding bugs. The genus Paragonatas is distinguished from related genera by genitalic and structural features, though specific diagnostic characters for P. divergens require examination of type material or detailed redescriptions.
Paraheraeus eximius
Paraheraeus eximius is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Distant in 1882. It belongs to the tribe Myodochini, a group of ground-dwelling true bugs commonly associated with seeds and plant debris. The species has been recorded from the United States and Guatemala. As a member of the Lygaeoidea superfamily, it shares the typical rhyparochromid habit of feeding on seeds, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.
Parapiesma
Parapiesma is a genus of true bugs in the family Piesmatidae, established by Péricart in 1974. The genus comprises at least two described species: Parapiesma atriplicis and Parapiesma cinereum. Members of this genus are found across Europe, northern Asia, and North America.
Paraxenetus
Paraxenetus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1907. The genus contains approximately 17 described species. Members are true bugs (Hemiptera) in the suborder Heteroptera.
Paromius longulus
dirt-colored seed bug
Paromius longulus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is distributed throughout the New World, with records from the United States through the Caribbean and Central America to South America. The species belongs to the tribe Myodochini, a group characterized by ground-dwelling habits and seed-feeding ecology.
Parthenicus
Parthenicus is a genus of plant bugs (family Miridae) containing at least 70 described species. The genus is taxonomically established within the suborder Heteroptera. One documented species, P. weemsi, is a specialist herbivore on Florida rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides).