Central-america
Guides
Romalea
Horse Lubbers, Lubber Grasshoppers
Romalea is a genus of large, flightless lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae. Traditionally containing a single species, R. microptera (eastern lubber grasshopper), recent taxonomic revisions have synonymized Taeniopoda with Romalea, expanding the genus to approximately 12 species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to Panama. These grasshoppers are among the largest in North America, characterized by aposematic coloration, chemical defenses, and reduced wings that render them incapable of flight.
Rothschildia lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
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n-accessopen-sourceFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planmetadataprovenancequality-assurancequality-controlvalidationverificationuncertainty-quantificationerror-propagationsensitivity-analysisscenario-analysisMonte-Carlo-simulationBayesian-belief-networkinfluence-diagramdecision-treemulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-attribute-utility-theorygame-theorymechanism-designincentive-compatibilityrevelation-principlesocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisioninstitutional-designpolicy-designgovernance-designarchitecturepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancehierarchical-governancemarket-governancecommunity-governancehybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingregulatory-stateenabling-statepartner-stateentrepreneurial-stateinnovation-statestrategic-statedevelopmental-statewelfare-stategreen-statesustainable-stateresilient-statesmart-statedigital-stateplatform-statealgorithmic-statesurveillance-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-statedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecofascismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicereparative-justicetransitional-justiceecological-justicespecies-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-human-justiceanthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenebad-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-divergencegreat-convergencegreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-disruptiongreat-moderationgreat-recessiongreat-depressiongreat-wargreat-faminegreat-migrationgreat-replacementgreat-resetgreat-refusalgreat-enrichmentgreat-levelinggreat-compressionSalbia tytiusalis
Salbia tytiusalis is a crambid moth described by Francis Walker in 1859. Adults display distinctive pale ash-gray coloration with iridescent, semihyaline wings marked by dark costal shading, a lunulate reniform spot, and marginal black points. The species occurs in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, with adults active nearly year-round.
Salticus austinensis
zebra spider
Salticus austinensis, commonly known as the zebra spider, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. As a member of the genus Salticus, it shares the characteristic bold black-and-white coloration that gives these spiders their common name. Jumping spiders in this family are known for their excellent vision and active hunting behavior.
Saxinis omogera
Saxinis omogera is a leaf beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Lacordaire in 1848. It belongs to the genus Saxinis, a group of case-bearing leaf beetles. The species occurs in both Central America and North America. Relatively few observations exist, with iNaturalist recording approximately 35 sightings. The taxonomic status is marked as doubtful in some databases, indicating potential need for further verification.
Saxinis sonorensis
Saxinis sonorensis is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was described by Jacoby in 1889. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: S. s. scutellaris (Schaeffer, 1906) and S. s. sonorensis (Jacoby, 1889). As a member of the case-bearing leaf beetles, larvae construct protective cases from fecal material and plant debris.
Saygorytes phaleratus
Saygorytes phaleratus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1837. As a member of the sand wasp group, it is likely associated with sandy habitats where it hunts for prey to provision its nest.
Sceptobius lativentris
Sceptobius lativentris is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Fenyes in 1909. It belongs to the tribe Sceptobiini within the subfamily Aleocharinae. The species has been recorded from North America and Central America, with specific documentation from California, USA.
Schizogenius falli
Schizogenius falli is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Whitehead in 1972. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. As a member of the genus Schizogenius, it belongs to a group of ground beetles whose specific ecological requirements remain poorly documented. The species is represented by limited observation records in biodiversity databases.
Schizogenius pygmaeus
Schizogenius pygmaeus is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae, subfamily Scaritinae, described by Van Dyke in 1925. The species belongs to a genus of small, fossorial carabids typically associated with sandy or loose soil habitats. Distribution records indicate occurrence from Mexico through Central America to Colombia.
Scirtes oblongus
marsh beetle
Scirtes oblongus is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, first described by Guérin-Méneville in 1861. The species has been recorded in both North America and Central America. Marsh beetles in this family are generally associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Observations on iNaturalist suggest it is encountered with moderate frequency, with over 200 documented sightings.
Scolopocerus granulosus
Scolopocerus granulosus is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, described by Barber in 1914. The species is known from limited observations and appears to have a restricted distribution in parts of North and Central America. As a member of the Hypselonotini tribe, it shares affinities with other Scolopocerus species but remains poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Scolopostethus tropicus
dirt-colored seed bug
Scolopostethus tropicus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Distant in 1882. It belongs to a genus of small, ground-dwelling true bugs commonly found in leaf litter and soil habitats. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, including records from the United States and Guatemala. Like other members of Rhyparochromidae, it is presumed to feed on seeds, though specific dietary studies for this species are lacking.
Scotoleon dissimilis
Scotoleon dissimilis is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae. It was first described by Banks in 1903, originally placed in the genus Brachynemurus before being transferred to Scotoleon. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As with other antlions, it undergoes complete metamorphosis with a predatory larval stage and an adult stage.
Scotoleon nigrilabris
Scotoleon nigrilabris is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae, distributed across Central America and North America. Like other antlions, it undergoes complete metamorphosis from a predatory larva to a delicate, lacy-winged adult. The genus Scotoleon is distinguished by adult males having a notably elongated abdomen with bracket-like claspers. Adults are cryptic and frequently observed among tall grasses at dusk.
Selenophorus mexicanus
Selenophorus mexicanus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, described by Putzeys in 1878. It belongs to the genus Selenophorus, a group of nocturnal carabid beetles commonly known as false bombardier beetles or night-stalking tiger beetles. The species is native to Central America and southern Mexico.
Selenophorus pedicularius
Selenophorus pedicularius is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, described by Dejean in 1829. It occurs in Central America and North America, including Canada and the United States. As a member of the genus Selenophorus, it belongs to a group of nocturnal ground beetles often associated with sandy or disturbed habitats. The species is documented in both scientific collections and citizen science observations, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Semaeopus cantona
Semaeopus cantona is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Schaus in 1901 and is found in Central America. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 7143. As a member of subfamily Sterrhinae, it belongs to a diverse group of moths commonly known as carpet moths or waves.
Semium hirtum
Semium hirtum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is distributed across parts of North America and Central America, with confirmed records from Canada, Mexico, and multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia. The species belongs to a small genus of mirid bugs, with only four known species in the genus Semium. As a member of the Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the family.
Sennius leucostauros
Sennius leucostauros is a seed beetle in the subfamily Bruchinae, described in 1973. It belongs to the S. abbreviatus species group, which is distinguished by patterns of sclerites and the shape of the male internal sac. The species occurs in Central and North America. As a member of Sennius, it likely develops in seeds, though specific host plants have not been documented.
Sennius morosus
Sennius morosus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records from Colombia, including the departments of Cundinamarca and Cauca. The species was described by Sharp in 1885. As a member of the genus Sennius, it belongs to a group of bruchine seed beetles associated with leguminous host plants.
Sensillanurini
Sensillanurini is a tribe of springtails (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) characterized by distinctive ventral chaetotaxy patterns that have been used to distinguish it from other tribes within the subfamily. The tribe includes the genus Palmanura, which has been subject to recent taxonomic revision revealing multiple new species from Central and South America. Members of this tribe are soil-dwelling arthropods, though detailed biological and ecological studies remain limited.
Septentrinna
Septentrinna is a genus of corinnid sac spiders established by A. B. Bonaldo in 2000. The genus contains six described species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico to Guatemala. The type species, Septentrinna bicalcarata, was originally described by Simon in 1896. Species in this genus were previously classified under other genera before the revision by Bonaldo.
Serica fimbriata
Serica fimbriata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, distributed in western North America and Central America. Adults are small, measuring approximately 10.5 mm in length, with distinctive chestnut-brown coloration and dense velvety pubescence. The species is notable for its fimbriate (fringed) pronotal and elytral margins bearing long, stiff, fulvous hairs. Adults feed on flowers of several plant species including Lotus scoparius, Eriogonum fasciculatum, and Adenostoma species.
Sethenira ferruginea
Sethenira ferruginea is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, first described by Stål in 1870. It belongs to the tribe Hypselonotini and has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, and North America including the conterminous United States. As a member of the Coreidae, it possesses the characteristic expanded hind tibiae typical of leaf-footed bugs, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Silvanus muticus
Silvanus muticus is a species of silvanid flat bark beetle in the family Silvanidae, first described by Sharp in 1899. It belongs to a group of beetles commonly known as flat bark beetles due to their dorsoventrally flattened body form, an adaptation for living under bark and in other tight spaces. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, with distribution records extending as far north as British Columbia, Canada.
Sogdini
Sogdini round fungus beetles
Sogdini is a tribe of small round fungus beetles within the family Leiodidae, comprising approximately 7 genera and at least 20 described species. The tribe was established by Lopatin in 1961. Members are distributed across North and Central America, with species inhabiting northern and mountain forests or sandy habitats. The tribe includes the genera Hydnobius, Kalohydnobius, Macrohydnobius, Platyhydnobius, Sogda, Stereus, and Triarthron.
Spargania aurata
Spargania aurata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Grote in 1882. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is assigned Hodges number 7310 in the North American Moth Photographers Group system.
Sphacelodes vulneraria
Hübner's Olive
Sphacelodes vulneraria is a geometrid moth known as Hübner's Olive, distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. It is a well-documented species with over 2,300 observations on iNaturalist. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 6800 in North American moth classification systems.
Sphaenothecus trilineatus
Sphaenothecus trilineatus is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Dupont in 1838. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group of often colorful and robust cerambycids. The species occurs in Central America, with records from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. Little is known of its specific biology beyond general family characteristics.
Sphecodes heraclei
Cyclops Blood Bee
Sphecodes heraclei is a species of cleptoparasitic sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as the Cyclops Blood Bee. Like other members of the genus Sphecodes, females lay their eggs in the nests of other solitary bees, particularly sweat bees in the subfamily Halictinae. The larvae consume the host's food stores and parasitize the host larvae. The species is native to North America and Central America, with records from both regions.
Sphecodosoma dicksoni
Dickson's Nama-Shortface
Sphecodosoma dicksoni is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, first described by Timberlake in 1961. It belongs to the genus Sphecodosoma, commonly known as nama-shortface bees. The species has been recorded in Central America and North America. Very few observations exist in citizen science databases, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
Spodoptera latifascia
velvet armyworm, lateral-lined armyworm, garden armyworm
Spodoptera latifascia is a noctuid moth native to Central America and the Antilles, extending into North America from Texas to Florida. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 42 mm and are active from March to October depending on location. The species was originally described by Walker in 1856 as Prodenia latifascia. Spodoptera cosmioides, a South American species formerly considered synonymous with S. latifascia, has been reinstated as a valid species.
Stallingsia maculosus
Manfreda Giant-Skipper, Manfreda Giant Skipper
Stallingsia maculosus, commonly known as the manfreda giant skipper, is a butterfly species in the family Hesperiidae. It was originally described as Megathymus maculosus by Freeman in 1955 before being transferred to the genus Stallingsia. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It is classified within the subfamily Hesperiinae, which includes most grass skipper butterflies.
Staphylus ceos
golden-headed scallopwing
Staphylus ceos, commonly known as the golden-headed scallopwing, is a spread-wing skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was described by Edwards in 1882 and was originally placed in the genus Pholisora.
Stator beali
Four-spotted Ebony Bruchid
Stator beali is a seed beetle in the family Chrysomelidae (subfamily Bruchinae), described by Johnson in 1963. It occurs in North America and Central America. The common name "Four-spotted Ebony Bruchid" suggests distinctive coloration. Laboratory studies have demonstrated reproductive compatibility with the congeneric species Stator limbatus.
Stegasta
Stegasta is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae. The genus includes economically significant agricultural pests, notably the rednecked peanutworm (Stegasta bosqueella), which is the primary lepidopteran pest of peanut crops in South and Central America. Species in this genus are characterized by their small size and association with leguminous host plants.
Stegasta bosqueella
Red-necked Peanutworm Moth, Rednecked Peanutworm
Stegasta bosqueella is a gelechiid moth whose larvae are significant pests of peanut crops, particularly in South and Central America. The species has also been documented in North America from Alabama to Virginia. Adults are small moths attracted to light, while larvae feed concealed within closed peanut leaflets, producing distinctive symmetrical damage patterns upon leaf expansion. The species has been successfully managed using attract-and-kill strategies targeting adults.
Stelis costalis
cuckoo bee
Stelis costalis is a species of cleptoparasitic bee (cuckoo bee) in the family Megachilidae. The species is known from North America and Central America. In 2020, it was documented as a parasite of the giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis, representing the first recorded host association for this species.
Stelis diversicolor
All-black Dark Bee
Stelis diversicolor is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1916. It is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Stelis, this species is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is known from 18 iNaturalist observations and is recognized by the common name 'All-black Dark Bee'.
Stelis rudbeckiarum
Coneflower Painted-Dark bee
Stelis rudbeckiarum is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1904. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is an obligate cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. Its specific epithet 'rudbeckiarum' suggests an association with Rudbeckia (coneflowers), likely reflecting host or foraging relationships.
Stemmops bicolor
Stemmops bicolor is a small spider species in the family Theridiidae (cobweb spiders), first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1894. The species is known from the Caribbean region and parts of Central and North America, with records from Cuba, Mexico, the Bahamas, and the southern United States through Panama. As a member of the genus Stemmops, it belongs to a group of theridiid spiders characterized by their compact body form and specialized web-building behavior.
Steniodes declivalis
Steniodes declivalis is a small crambid moth described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is distinguished from the similar Steniodes gelliasalis by its smaller size, darker coloration, and a sharply angled whitish outer line on the hindwings that touches the outer margin. The species occurs in Panama, Costa Rica, and Venezuela.
Steniolia scolopacea
Steniolia scolopacea is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of fourteen North American species, all western in distribution. Two subspecies are recognized: S. s. albicantia and the nominate S. s. scolopacea. Like other Steniolia species, it is a solitary wasp that hunts flies as prey for its larvae.
Stenispa metallica
Black Smooth Hispine
Stenispa metallica is a species of hispine beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Adults are characterized by a shining black body with an obscure metallic tinge. The species has been recorded from a broad range of states in the eastern and central United States, as well as from Mexico. Larval development is associated with sedges and grasses, with Scirpus atrovirens documented as a confirmed host plant.
Stictiella formosa
sand wasp
Stictiella formosa is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Bembicini tribe, it is likely associated with sandy habitats, though specific ecological details are poorly documented in available sources.
Stictopleurus punctiventris
Stictopleurus punctiventris is a scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, found in North and Central America. It belongs to a family characterized by the absence of scent glands common in other true bugs. The species has been documented through 151 iNaturalist observations and is accepted in major taxonomic catalogs.
Stiretrus anchorago
anchor stink bug
Stiretrus anchorago, commonly known as the anchor stink bug, is a predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is known to prey on specific beetle species including Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) and Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil). Five subspecies have been described.
Stobaera pallida
Stobaera pallida is a delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Osborn in 1905. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the United States (Delaware, Florida, Maryland) and Mexico (Distrito Federal, Hidalgo). As a member of the planthopper family Delphacidae, it belongs to a group characterized by jumping hind legs and association with grasses and sedges, though species-specific biology remains poorly documented.
Strymon alea
Lacey's Scrub-Hairstreak, Alea Hairstreak
Strymon alea is a small hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, first described by Godman and Salvin in 1887. It ranges from northwestern Costa Rica through Mexico to central and southern Texas, occupying subtropical thorn scrub habitat. The species has a wingspan of 19–29 mm. Adults feed on flower nectar, while larvae feed specifically on Bernardia myricaefolia buds and flowers.