Western-north-america
Guides
Elachodelphax coloradensis
Elachodelphax coloradensis is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Beamer in 1952. It belongs to a genus of small delphacid planthoppers found in western North America. The species is known from California and Colorado, with records indicating presence in these two states. Like other delphacids, it likely inhabits grassland and wetland habitats where its host grasses grow.
Elachodelphax indistinctus
Elachodelphax indistinctus is a small planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Crawford in 1914. The species is known from a limited number of records across the western Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions of North America. Like other delphacids, it is presumed to feed on grasses, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
Elaphrus americanus sylvanus
Elaphrus americanus sylvanus is a western subspecies of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Goulet in 1982 from Oregon. The subspecies belongs to the Elaphrus americanus species complex, which was previously treated as a single species but later recognized as comprising multiple distinct taxa based on morphological analysis. Members of the genus Elaphrus are known for their strong resemblance to tiger beetles (Cicindelinae), often leading to misidentification by collectors.
Elathous californicus
Elathous californicus is a click beetle species in the family Elateridae, described by Van Dyke in 1932. The species is known from limited records in western North America, with confirmed observations from British Columbia, Canada. Like other elaterids, it possesses the characteristic clicking mechanism for righting itself when overturned. Available information about this species remains sparse, with only two documented observations in iNaturalist and minimal published biological data.
Eleodes
pinacate beetles, desert stink beetles
Eleodes is the largest genus of darkling beetles in North America, comprising approximately 200 species. These beetles are endemic to western North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico, with some species introduced to Colombia. Commonly known as pinacate beetles or desert stink beetles, they are flightless due to fused elytra and vestigial hindwings. All species possess chemical defense glands that produce quinone compounds, and many exhibit distinctive head-standing behavior when threatened. The genus shows remarkable ecological diversity, with species occupying deserts, forests, grasslands, and caves.
Eleodes hirsuta
Hairy Stink Beetle, Hairy Eleodes
Eleodes hirsuta is a large darkling beetle (Tenebrionidae) native to western North America, recognized by its conspicuously hairy body and defensive chemical-secreting behavior. The species belongs to the 'clown beetle' group, known for their characteristic head-stand posture when threatened. Adults are primarily nocturnal and active during warmer months in arid and semi-arid grassland habitats.
Eleodes humeralis
Eleodes humeralis is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1857. It belongs to the large genus Eleodes, commonly known as clown beetles or desert stink beetles, which are characterized by their defensive posture of standing on their head and raising their abdomen when disturbed. The species name refers to the humeral (shoulder) region of the elytra. Records indicate it occurs in western North America, including British Columbia, Canada.
Eleodes obscura sulcipennis
Eleodes obscura sulcipennis is a subspecies of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. It has been documented in coniferous woodland habitats of southwestern Utah, where adults are active on the trunks of Ponderosa pine and Utah juniper at night. The subspecies was described by Mannerheim in 1843 and is currently accepted as valid.
Eleodes pimelioides
desert stink beetle, stout darkling beetle
Eleodes pimelioides is a small species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. It has been observed in alpine coniferous forest habitats, where it is active at night. The species is part of the diverse Eleodes genus, commonly known as desert stink beetles or clown beetles, though this particular species appears to favor cooler, higher-elevation environments rather than true desert conditions.
Eleodes producta
desert stink beetle
Eleodes producta is a species of desert stink beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, first described by Mannerheim in 1843. It belongs to the genus Eleodes, commonly known as clown beetles, which are characterized by their defensive head-stand posture. The species is found in western North America, with confirmed records in California. As with other Eleodes species, it likely exhibits the typical defensive behaviors and ecological adaptations of desert tenebrionids.
Eleodes scabrosa
desert beetle
Eleodes scabrosa is a darkling beetle (family Tenebrionidae) native to western North America, ranging from Washington state to Mexico. The species exhibits notable habitat flexibility, occurring on temperate beaches in the northern part of its range and in desert environments farther south, with coastal preferences persisting throughout. Its black coloration and textured abdomen are characteristic of the genus Eleodes.
Ellabella editha
Ellabella editha is a small moth in the family Copromorphidae, described by Busck in 1925. It is distributed across western North America from Canada to the southwestern United States. Adults are active from late spring through summer, with forewing lengths of 9.5–11 mm in males and 8–11.5 mm in females. The larval host plant remains uncertain, though Berberis repens has been suggested as a possible food source.
Ellipsoptera nevadica nevadica
Nevada Tiger Beetle
The Nevada Tiger Beetle is a subspecies of tiger beetle in the family Carabidae (subfamily Cicindelinae). It is distributed across western North America including Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Adults are active predators that hunt in open, sandy habitats. The nominate subspecies is closely related to the endangered Salt Creek Tiger Beetle (E. n. lincolniana), which has been studied extensively for conservation purposes.
Ellychnia megista
Ellychnia megista is a species of dark firefly in the family Lampyridae, described by Fender in 1970. Like other members of the genus Ellychnia, this species lacks the light-producing organs characteristic of most fireflies and is active during daylight hours rather than at night. The species is currently accepted in the genus Ellychnia, though it was originally described under Photinus. Dark fireflies in this genus are among the most commonly encountered fireflies in western North America, particularly in the southwestern United States and Rocky Mountain regions.
Elymana pacifica
Elymana pacifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the tribe Cicadulini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its family, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with grasses and other plants.
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hronologytype-XXVIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyEmbaphion contractum
Embaphion contractum is a darkling beetle (family Tenebrionidae) in the genus Embaphion, a group characterized by their distinctly explanate (flattened and expanded) body form. The species is found in arid and semi-arid regions of western North America. Like other tenebrionids, it is primarily nocturnal and exhibits slow, deliberate movement rather than rapid flight.
Embaphion contusum
Embaphion contusum is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. The species was described by LeConte in 1858 and contains three recognized subspecies: E. c. contusum (the nominate subspecies), E. c. laminatum (Casey, 1890), and E. c. grande (Blaisdell, 1909). Like other members of the genus Embaphion, this species exhibits the explanate (flattened and expanded) body form characteristic of the group. The genus Embaphion is part of the diverse darkling beetle fauna of western North America.
Embaphion elongatum
Embaphion elongatum is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, first described by Horn in 1870. The genus Embaphion is characterized by beetles with explanate (flattened and expanded) body margins, giving them a distinctive, almost disc-like appearance. This species is part of a group of darkling beetles adapted to arid and semi-arid environments of western North America. Members of this genus are nocturnal and have been observed in sand dune habitats.
Emblyna uintana
Emblyna uintana is a species of mesh-web weaver spider in the family Dictynidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1919. It belongs to a genus of small spiders that construct irregular, tangled webs. The species is known from the western United States, with records from Utah and surrounding regions. Like other dictynids, it is a small-bodied spider with relatively simple web architecture compared to orb-weaving relatives.
Encoptolophus
dusky grasshoppers, clouded grasshoppers, pale clouded grasshopper, western clouded grasshopper, coast clouded grasshopper, southwestern dusky grasshopper
Encoptolophus is a genus of band-winged grasshoppers comprising approximately eight described species distributed across western North America. Members of this genus are medium-sized grasshoppers characterized by long wings extending beyond the abdomen, banded tegmina, and often blue hind tibiae. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with species formerly assigned to Encoptolophus now placed in the new genus Nebulatettix and in Chimarocephala. Several species serve as important components of grassland ecosystems, with some achieving local dominance in mixedgrass and shortgrass prairie habitats.
Enochrus californicus
Enochrus californicus is a water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. The species was described by Horn in 1890. It occurs in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats across western North America and Mexico. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with freshwater environments where it scavenges on decaying organic matter.
Enochrus cristatus
Enochrus cristatus is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1855. The species is native to western North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. As a member of the Hydrophilidae, it is associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Very little published biological information is available for this specific species.
Enoclerus laetus nexus
Enoclerus laetus nexus is a subspecies of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, described by Barr in 1976. It is distributed in western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada and parts of the western United States. The species Enoclerus laetus belongs to the largest genus of North American Cleridae. Like other members of the genus, it likely inhabits dead wood habitats where it preys on other wood-associated insects, particularly bark beetles.
Epeorus longimanus
flatheaded mayfly
Epeorus longimanus is a flatheaded mayfly species in the family Heptageniidae. Nymphs inhabit stream riffles and show specific microhabitat preferences, being more abundant in areas with smaller sediment sizes, higher live periphyton biomass, and lower densities of invertebrate predators. The species is distributed across western North America from Alaska through the western United States to southwestern and northern Canada.
Ephedrodoma multilineata
Ephedrodoma multilineata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Polhemus & Polhemus in 1984. It belongs to the diverse true bug fauna of western North America. The species epithet "multilineata" suggests multiple longitudinal lines or stripes on the body, a common naming convention in mirids with distinctive dorsal patterning. Very few observations exist in public databases, indicating it may be uncommon, cryptic, or undercollected.
Ephestiodes gilvescentella
Dusky Raisin Moth
A small pyralid moth native to western North America, commonly encountered at blacklighting stations. The species has been introduced to Hawaii through commercial activity. Its larvae feed on dried fruits and nuts, earning the common name 'dusky raisin moth.' The species is considered the most common moth in Davis, California, based on long-term blacklighting records.
Epinotia meritana
white-fir needle miner
Epinotia meritana is a small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized miners of fir needles. The species completes one generation annually, with adults active in mid-summer and larvae feeding internally on white fir foliage before overwintering within mined needles. It occurs in western North American conifer forests where its host trees grow.
Epinotia nigralbana
Epinotia nigralbana is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. First described by Walsingham in 1879, this species is part of the diverse genus Epinotia, which contains numerous small tortricid moths commonly known as larch tortricids or similar names. The species is documented from western North America, with records from Alberta, Canada. Like other Epinotia species, it is likely associated with coniferous hosts, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Erebia vidleri
Vidler's Alpine, Northwest Alpine
Erebia vidleri is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Satyrinae, found in western North America. The species inhabits moist alpine and subalpine meadows in mountainous regions of Washington and British Columbia. It is characterized by dark wings with distinctive orange bands and eyespots. Larvae feed on grasses in the family Poaceae.
Eremobates
sun spiders, camel spiders, wind scorpions
Eremobates is a genus of solifuges (sun spiders/camel spiders) in the family Eremobatidae, distributed primarily in western North America. These fast-moving arachnids are notable for having the largest jaw-to-body ratio of any animal. They are non-venomous predators that rely on powerful chelicerae to subdue prey. Most species are nocturnal and navigate primarily using their pedipalps rather than vision. The genus contains approximately 97 accepted species.
Eremobates icenogelei
camel spider, sun spider, wind scorpion, solifuge
Eremobates icenogelei is a species of solifuge (camel spider) in the family Eremobatidae. Solifugids are arachnids distinct from spiders and scorpions, characterized by their large, powerful chelicerae and rapid running ability. This species, like other members of its genus, inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of western North America. They are nocturnal predators that actively hunt small arthropods using their formidable jaws rather than venom. Despite their fearsome appearance, they pose no venomous threat to humans, though they can deliver a painful bite if handled carelessly.
Eristalis fratercula
Eristalis fratercula is a species of drone fly in the family Syrphidae, described by McNeill. It belongs to a genus of hoverflies known for Batesian mimicry of bees and wasps. The species is listed in grasshopper survey records from Colorado and Wyoming, suggesting it occurs in western North American grasslands. Like other Eristalis species, adults are likely pollinators and larvae develop in aquatic or semi-aquatic organic-rich habitats.
Eristalis hirta
Black-footed Drone Fly
Eristalis hirta, commonly known as the black-footed drone fly, is a syrphid fly species first described by Loew in 1866. It is a common species in Western North America and also occurs in Northern Europe. Like other Eristalis species, it exhibits Batesian mimicry of honey bees, providing protection from predators. The larvae are aquatic filter-feeders with the characteristic rat-tailed morphology, developing in standing water habitats.
Errhomus lineatus cordatus
Errhomus lineatus cordatus is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton and Zack in 1999. It belongs to the subfamily Errhomeninae and tribe Bathysmatophorini. This subspecies is part of a group of leafhoppers distributed across western North America, with records from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California. As a member of the Hemiptera, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.
Erronus montanus
Erronus montanus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898. It belongs to the subfamily Errhomeninae, a group of leafhoppers found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. The species is documented from several western U.S. states including Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Utah.
Erynnis pacuvius
Pacuvius Duskywing, Dyar's Duskywing, Buckthorn Duskywing
Erynnis pacuvius is a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, found in western North America. The species has a wingspan of 29–33 mm and exhibits a flight period between June and July in northern populations, with a second generation occurring in southern portions of its range. Larvae feed on Ceanothus species.
Erythemis collocata
Western pondhawk
Erythemis collocata, the western pondhawk, is a dragonfly in the family Libellulidae native to western North America. Adults are predatory, specializing in capturing flying insects. The species has been documented feeding on the western malaria mosquito (Anopheles freeborni), particularly at dusk when these mosquitoes form mating swarms. It employs both active pursuit and sit-and-wait hunting strategies.
Erythroneura elegantula
Western Grape Leafhopper
Erythroneura elegantula, the Western Grape Leafhopper, is a leafhopper species native to western North America and a significant pest of cultivated grapevines. It completes two generations annually between April and September in California vineyards. Population densities vary with proximity to vegetational borders, remaining stable near diverse perennial flowering hedgerows and riparian zones while declining at greater distances from borders. The species serves as host for egg parasitoids in the genus Anagrus (Mymaridae), which provide biological control.
Eschatoporis nunenmacheri
Eschatoporis nunenmacheri is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by Blaisdell in 1906. The genus Eschatoporis is endemic to western North America and comprises several species restricted to arid and semi-arid regions. This species, like other members of its genus, is poorly known and has not been recorded in citizen science databases such as iNaturalist. Tenebrionidae is a large family of beetles predominantly associated with dry habitats, where they function as detritivores and scavengers.
Ethmia albistrigella
Ethmia albistrigella is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae, distributed across western North America from British Columbia to California. The species is characterized by a distinctive white longitudinal streak on dark forewings. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate form and the Arctic-Alpine race icariella, which is restricted to California and exhibits darker coloration. Adults are active from late spring through summer, and larvae feed on specific host plants in the Boraginaceae family.
Ethmia arctostaphylella
Ethmia arctostaphylella is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae (formerly Depressariidae), distributed across the western United States and Mexico. Adults have forewings measuring 8.4–11.7 mm, with a distinctive color pattern of dark gray on the costal half and whitish gray on the dorsal half, separated by a longitudinal line and marked with black spots. The species exhibits an extended flight period from February to October. Larvae are specialized feeders on Eriodictyon species (yerba santa), a relationship that shapes its geographic distribution.
Ethmia discostrigella
mountain-mahogany moth
Ethmia discostrigella, commonly known as the mountain-mahogany moth, is a small moth in the family Depressariidae. It occurs across western North America from the western United States south into Mexico. The species exhibits notable geographic variation, with two recognized subspecies occupying distinct ranges separated by the Sierra Nevada: the nominate subspecies east of the Sierra Nevada and subspecies subcaerulea west of the range. Larvae feed on Cercocarpus species (mountain-mahogany), making this a host-specialist moth with clear ecological ties to its namesake plant.
Ethmia marmorea
Ethmia marmorea is a small moth in the family Depressariidae, distributed across western North America from the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains. The species exhibits distinctive wing patterning with a longitudinal dividing line separating dark and light areas. Adults are active during summer months, with likely a single generation per year. Larval biology remains poorly documented for this species.
Eucerceris vittatifrons
Eucerceris vittatifrons is a species of weevil wasp in the family Crabronidae. The genus Eucerceris is closely related to Cerceris, both being specialist predators of weevils. The species has been documented in western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its tribe, it likely provisions nests with paralyzed weevils for larval development.
Euchlaena mollisaria
Euchlaena mollisaria is a geometrid moth species found in western North America. Adults are medium-sized with a wingspan of approximately 46 mm. The species is active from late spring through early autumn. It is attracted to artificial light sources.
Euchloe ausonides
Large Marble, Creamy Marblewing
Euchloe ausonides, commonly known as the Large Marble or Creamy Marblewing, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae native to western North America. The species exhibits remarkable camouflage behavior, with adults capable of orienting themselves against backgrounds to render nearly invisible despite their contrasting wing patterns. Population declines have been documented in California since the 1980s, particularly in the Central Valley and Bay Area, with the species now considered regionally extinct at low-elevation sites in some areas. One subspecies, E. a. insulanus (Island Marble), is federally endangered and endemic to the San Juan Islands of Washington State.
Euchloe hyantis
pearly marble, pearly marblewing, California marble
A small Pieridae butterfly of western North America with distinctive marbled underwings. Adults fly in spring and early summer, with one generation annually. Males exhibit hilltopping behavior along ridgelines. The species has been documented feeding on Brassicaceae flowers and fruits, particularly Streptanthus species. Chrysalids overwinter.
Euchloe hyantis hyantis
Pearly Marble
A subspecies of marble butterfly in the family Pieridae. Males are known for hilltopping behavior, flying swiftly along ridgelines to locate females. The species ranges from southern British Columbia to northern Mexico, west of the Rocky Mountains. Adults are fast and erratic in flight, rarely pausing except briefly at flowers. The common name refers to the pearly, marbled pattern on the hindwing underside.
Euchloe hyantis lotta
Euchloe hyantis lotta is a subspecies of Pearly Marble butterfly in the family Pieridae. The parent species E. hyantis ranges from southern British Columbia to northern Mexico west of the Rocky Mountains. Males of the species engage in hilltopping behavior, flying swiftly along ridgelines to intercept females. The subspecies lotta was described by Beutenmüller in 1898 and is currently treated as a synonym of Euchloe lotta.
Eucopina rescissoriana
Lodgepole Pine Coneborer Moth
A small tortricid moth whose larvae bore into the cones of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). The common name reflects this specialized association. Adults are rarely observed directly; records primarily derive from larval collections and cone dissections. The species appears restricted to regions where its host pine occurs.