Western-north-america
Guides
Tibicinoides utahensis
Tibicinoides utahensis is a cicada species described by Davis in 1919, originally placed in the genus Okanagana before being transferred to Tibicinoides. It occurs in the western United States and extends into British Columbia, Canada. The species has a documented association with big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), suggesting a degree of host plant specificity uncommon among cicadas.
Tibicinoides vanduzeei
Van Duzee's cicada
Tibicinoides vanduzeei, commonly known as Van Duzee's cicada, is a small cicada species measuring less than 20 mm in length. Previously classified as Okanagana vanduzeei, it was transferred to the genus Tibicinoides in 2023 based on taxonomic revision. The species is named in honor of E. P. Van Duzee, who collected the holotype specimen. It occurs across a broad range in western North America from Baja California through the western United States to British Columbia.
Ticida cingulata
Ticida cingulata is a planthopper species in the family Dictyopharidae, described by Uhler in 1891. It belongs to the tribe Orgeriini within the subfamily Orgeriinae. The species has been recorded from western North American states including California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Like other members of Dictyopharidae, it is presumed to feed on plant sap, though specific host associations and detailed biology remain poorly documented.
Tidesmus episcopus
Tidesmus episcopus Chamberlin, 1943 is a small-bodied millipede and the type species of the genus Tidesmus (family Macrosternodesmidae). The species was originally described from western North America and is one of four recognized species in the genus. Phreatodesmus cooki Loomis, 1960 has been synonymized with this species. The family Macrosternodesmidae was redefined in a 2007 revision that clarified the generic placement of several western North American species.
Timema nevadense
Nevada Timema
Timema nevadense, known as the Nevada Timema, is a species of walkingstick in the family Timematidae. The species was described by Strohecker in 1966. It is one of approximately 20 species in the genus Timema, which represents a basal lineage of Phasmida restricted to western North America. Like other Timema species, it is a small, wingless stick insect with reduced morphology compared to more derived phasmids.
Timematidae
Timematidae is a family of small, stout-bodied stick insects comprising the single genus Timema. These insects are native to western North America and represent one of the earliest-diverging lineages of Phasmida. They are notable for their relatively short, compact bodies compared to the elongated forms typical of most stick insects.
Timpanoga hecuba
Great Red Quill
Timpanoga hecuba, commonly known as the Great Red Quill, is a species of mayfly in the family Ephemerellidae. This Nearctic species is significant in fly fishing, where its adult and subimago (dun) forms are imitated by artificial flies. The species was originally described as Ephemerella hecuba by Eaton in 1884 and later transferred to the genus Timpanoga.
Tinagma gigantea
Tinagma gigantea is a small moth in the family Douglasiidae, described by Braun in 1921. It is known from dry meadow habitats in western North America, with records from Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations documented in iNaturalist.
Tingupidae
Tingupidae is a family of small millipedes in the order Chordeumatida, containing two genera (Blancosoma and Tingupa) and 13 described species. Adults possess 28 or 30 body segments including the collum and telson. The family occurs in western North America, with records extending from Alaska and British Columbia south to California and east to Arkansas.
Tipula praecisa
Tipula praecisa is a species of crane fly in the family Tipulidae. It was first described by Hermann Loew in 1872. The species is endemic to the western United States, with records from California, Oregon, and Washington. As a member of the large and diverse genus Tipula, it shares the general body plan of crane flies: an elongated body, very long legs, and a single pair of membranous wings.
Tolype distincta
Tolype distincta is a species of lappet moth in the family Lasiocampidae, native to western North America. The larvae feed on conifers in the family Pinaceae, including Douglas fir, true firs, and western hemlock. The species inhabits moist to mesic coniferous forests across a range extending from the Pacific Northwest to the Southwestern United States and eastward to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado.
Tonibius
Tonibius is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, established by Thomas L. Casey in 1895. The genus is native to the Nearctic region, with records primarily from western North America. As a member of the diverse Tenebrionidae family, these beetles are adapted to arid and semi-arid environments. The genus remains relatively poorly documented in public sources, with limited species-level information available.
Tortistilus curvatus
Tortistilus curvatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Caldwell in 1949. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Tortistilus is part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with this species recorded from the western United States. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Toxophora maxima
Toxophora maxima is a species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae) first described by Coquillett in 1886. The species ranges from Mexico through the western United States to British Columbia, Canada. As a member of the subfamily Toxophorinae, it belongs to a group of bee flies characterized by distinctive morphological features, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Toxophora pellucida
Toxophora pellucida is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. It has been recorded from Mexico through most of the western United States to Canada. The species belongs to the subfamily Toxophorinae, a group characterized by particular morphological features within the bee flies.
Trachypachus gibbsii
Gibbs' temporal false ground beetle
Trachypachus gibbsii is a species of false ground beetle in the family Trachypachidae. It occurs in western North America and Russia. Adults are associated with riparian habitats, particularly banks of large rivers and small forested creeks, and have been found under balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) and in pine/fir forests with similar soil conditions.
Trachyrhachys
Trachyrhachys is a genus of band-winged grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, established by Scudder in 1876. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across western North America, including the finned grasshopper (T. aspera) and Kiowa grasshopper (T. kiowa). These grasshoppers are classified within the subfamily Oedipodinae and tribe Psinidiini.
Trachyrhachys coronata
crowned grasshopper
Trachyrhachys coronata, commonly known as the crowned grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is one of approximately 12 species in North America that overwinter as nymphs rather than eggs, with adults present early in spring. The species is found in western North America, particularly in Colorado and New Mexico. It belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae, which is characterized by banded wings and often inhabits open, dry habitats.
Trachyrhachys kiowa
Kiowa grasshopper, ash-brown grasshopper
Trachyrhachys kiowa is a medium-sized band-winged grasshopper inhabiting shortgrass and mixedgrass prairies of western North America. It feeds almost exclusively on grasses and sedges, particularly blue grama, and can become an economically damaging component of outbreak populations. The species is known for its dispersive behavior and intermediate hatching phenology, emerging two to three weeks after early-hatching species like the bigheaded grasshopper.
Tragosoma soror
Tragosoma soror is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Prioninae, described by Laplante in 2017. It belongs to a genus containing other large, wood-boring beetles. The species is known from very few records, with only a single observation documented on iNaturalist. Like other members of Tragosoma, it likely develops in coniferous wood, though specific biological details remain undocumented in the available literature.
Tragosoma spiculum
Tragosoma spiculum is a long-horned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Prioninae. The species is found in North America, with records from western Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba) and the western United States. Like other members of the genus Tragosoma, it is a wood-boring beetle associated with coniferous forests. The species is attracted to sweet red wine-baited jug traps, suggesting adult feeding on fermenting sap or other sugar sources.
Triatoma protracta
western bloodsucking conenose
Triatoma protracta is a blood-feeding assassin bug in the subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as the western bloodsucking conenose. Native to western North America, it serves as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan causing Chagas disease, though its vector efficiency is considered secondary to some congeners due to its relatively long development time and defecation behavior. The species is primarily associated with woodrat (Neotoma) nests and occasionally invades human dwellings, where it may bite and cause allergic reactions. Laboratory studies indicate egg-to-adult development averages 6.7 months with 72.5% egg eclosion rates.
Trichalophus alternatus
Trichalophus alternatus is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, first described by Say in 1831. It is a member of the subfamily Entiminae, which comprises the so-called 'true' weevils characterized by their elongated snouts. The species has been documented across western North America from Alaska to Colorado.
Trichalophus brunneus
Trichalophus brunneus is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Trichalophus didymus. The species was described by Van Dyke in 1927 and is known from western North America, including Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, and Idaho.
Trichalophus didymus
broad-nosed weevil
Trichalophus didymus is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is native to western North America, with records from Alaska through the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia to the western United States including Colorado and Idaho. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1856.
Trichocerapoda
Trichocerapoda is a genus of owlet moths (Noctuidae) established by Benjamin in 1932. The genus contains five described species distributed in western North America, with records from California and adjacent regions. Two species were described in 2006, indicating ongoing taxonomic refinement. The genus belongs to the tribe Eriopygini within the subfamily Noctuinae.
Trichocnemis
Trichocnemis is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Prioninae. The genus contains two species distributed in western North America: Trichocnemis pauper and Trichocnemis spiculatus (the ponderosus borer). Historically, species of Trichocnemis have often been treated as members of the genus Ergates, but modern taxonomic treatments separate them based on morphological differences including head size, mandible shape, and antennae length. The larvae of T. spiculatus are notable wood-borers in ponderosa pine and inspired improvements to chainsaw design.
Trichocnemis spiculatus
Spined Woodborer, Pine Sawyer, Western Pine Sawyer, Ponderosa Pine Borer
Trichocnemis spiculatus is a large wood-boring beetle in the family Cerambycidae, native to western North America. It is notable as the largest wood-boring beetle species in Colorado and has served as inspiration for technological innovation—its opposable mandibles inspired the design of modern chainsaw chains with alternating right and left cutting teeth. The species develops in dead and dying conifers, primarily ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, with a multi-year life cycle. Larvae create extensive tunnel systems through sapwood and heartwood.
Trichodes bibalteatus
checkered beetle
Trichodes bibalteatus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is among the largest and most strikingly-colored species in its genus, which contains 11 North American species. Adults are frequently found on flowers where they feed on pollen and nectar, and also use flowers as mating sites. The species has been documented in Oklahoma and other parts of western North America.
Trichodes ornatus
Ornate Checkered Beetle
Trichodes ornatus is a checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, found in western North America. Adults are medium-sized with distinctive coloration and are frequently observed on flowers, particularly yellow composites. The species has a complex life history involving larval development as a predator/parasitoid in the nests of bees and wasps, where larvae feed on host immature stages and pollen provisions.
Trichodezia californiata
California Black
Trichodezia californiata is a moth species in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae. It is endemic to western North America with a range spanning from Washington through Oregon to California. The common name 'California Black' refers to its dark coloration. The species was first described by Packard in 1871.
Trichonephila clavata
Jorō spider, Joro Spider, Parachute spider
Trichonephila clavata, commonly known as the Jorō spider, is a large orb-weaving spider native to East Asia that has become established as an invasive species in the southeastern United States since approximately 2010. First confirmed in Georgia in 2014, it has expanded rapidly across multiple states through a combination of ballooning dispersal and human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its substantial size, striking coloration, and extensive golden webs, but poses minimal risk to humans due to small fangs and docile behavior. Its physiological adaptations—including higher metabolic rate, faster heart rate, and greater cold tolerance than its congener Trichonephila clavipes—suggest potential for continued northward range expansion.
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tarsalis
Trichophya tarsalis is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Trichophyinae. The species was originally described as Eumitocerus tarsalis by Casey in 1886. It is recorded from California and Oregon in the western United States. As a member of Staphylinidae, it shares the family's characteristic shortened elytra that expose most of the abdomen. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases.
Tricyphona septentrionalis
Tricyphona septentrionalis is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Pediciidae, first described by Bergroth in 1888. It is distributed across the Nearctic region, ranging from Alaska southward through western North America to California and New Mexico. Like other Pediciidae, it belongs to a group of crane flies often associated with moist woodland habitats. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Tridentaforma
Tridentaforma is a genus of micromoths constituting the sole genus of the family Tridentaformidae. It was historically classified within Incurvariidae and Prodoxidae, but molecular studies led to its elevation to a distinct family in 2015. The genus currently contains two described species: T. fuscoleuca from California and western Canada, and T. browncopper from south-central British Columbia. Both are small moths with wingspans under 21 mm.
Triepeolus utahensis
Utah Longhorn-Cuckoo
Triepeolus utahensis is a cleptoparasitic bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1921. As a member of the genus Triepeolus, it is a cuckoo bee that parasitizes nests of digger bees (Anthophorini). The species is native to western North America, with the specific epithet 'utahensis' indicating its association with Utah. Like other Triepeolus species, it lacks pollen-collecting structures and relies entirely on host nests for larval provisioning.
Trigonodemus fasciatus
Trigonodemus fasciatus is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Omaliinae. It was described by Leech in 1939. The species is known from limited distributional records in western North America, specifically British Columbia, Canada and Oregon, USA. As a member of the Omaliinae, it likely inhabits moist, decaying organic matter environments typical of this subfamily, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Trigonurus crotchii
Trigonurus crotchii is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Trigonurinae. It is one of the few described species in the genus Trigonurus, a group characterized by distinctive morphological features that set them apart from other staphylinid lineages. The species was described by J. L. LeConte in 1874 and is known from western North America.
Trigonurus edwardsi
Trigonurus edwardsi is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, described by Sharp in 1875. It belongs to the subfamily Trigonurinae, a small and distinctive group within the Staphylinidae. The species is known from western North America, with records from California and possibly Oregon. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with decaying wood and fungal habitats.
Trimerotropis agrestis agrestis
Trimerotropis agrestis agrestis is a desert grasshopper subspecies in the family Acrididae. It has been studied for its unusual mating behavior involving presumed sex-role reversal, where females initiate aerial pursuits of males during flight displays. The subspecies occurs in arid western North American habitats and has been documented to hybridize with Trimerotropis maritima in disturbed environments.
Trimerotropis agrestis barnumi
Trimerotropis agrestis barnumi is a subspecies of grasshopper described by Tinkham in 1960. It belongs to the band-winged grasshopper subfamily Oedipodinae. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym of Trimerotropis barnumi. Distribution records indicate presence in Utah and North America generally.
Trimerotropis arenacea
Rehn's dune grasshopper
Trimerotropis arenacea, commonly known as Rehn's dune grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae. The species was described by Rehn in 1910. It is known to occur in sandy dune habitats in western North America, particularly in California. As a member of the genus Trimerotropis, it shares characteristics with other band-winged grasshoppers that typically inhabit arid, open environments.
Trimerotropis cyaneipennis
blue-winged grasshopper, blue crackler
Trimerotropis cyaneipennis is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae, commonly known as the blue-winged grasshopper or blue crackler. It is native to western North America, with a distribution spanning from West Texas through New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada to southern Oregon and southern California. The species is known to hybridize naturally with T. suffusa in zones of microsympatry, where their distributions and habitats overlap.
Trimerotropis fontana
Fontana grasshopper
Trimerotropis fontana is a band-winged grasshopper in the subfamily Oedipodinae, family Acrididae. It was described by Thomas in 1876. The species occurs in western North America, with documented records from Arizona, California, Oregon, and Utah. As a member of the Trimerotropis genus, it shares the characteristic banded wings typical of Oedipodinae grasshoppers.
Trimerotropis fratercula
pine bluffs grasshopper
Trimerotropis fratercula, the pine bluffs grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is closely related to the blue-winged grasshopper (T. cyaneipennis), from which it is distinguished primarily by its yellow or greenish-yellow hind wings rather than blue. The species occurs in North America, with records from Wyoming and other western states. It inhabits rugged, mountainous terrain and canyons at moderate to high elevations.
Trimerotropis gracilis
Thomas' slender grasshopper, sagebrush clicker
Trimerotropis gracilis is a band-winged grasshopper in the subfamily Oedipodinae, known by the common names Thomas' slender grasshopper and sagebrush clicker. The species was described by Thomas in 1872. It is recorded from Colorado, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan, placing it in the western North American grassland and sagebrush ecosystems. Like other members of the genus Trimerotropis, it likely inhabits open, dry habitats, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Trimerotropis occidentalis
Occidental Grasshopper
Trimerotropis occidentalis, commonly known as the occidental grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae. It is native to western North America, with documented occurrence in California. As a member of the subfamily Oedipodinae, it possesses the enlarged hind wings characteristic of band-winged grasshoppers. The species was described by Bruner in 1889.
Trimerotropis pallidipennis
pallidwinged grasshopper
The pallidwinged grasshopper is a moderately-sized bandwinged grasshopper with the most extensive distribution of any bandwinged grasshopper in the New World, ranging from southwestern Canada to Argentina. It inhabits desert and semidesert environments where populations undergo sporadic irruptions that can cause significant agricultural damage. The species possesses strong flight capabilities and is known for nocturnal swarming behavior attracted to artificial lights. Outbreaks are typically brief, lasting one to two years, and are associated with above-normal rainfall that promotes egg survival and nymphal development.
Trimerotropis pallidipennis
Pallid-winged Grasshopper, Pallidwinged Grasshopper
Trimerotropis pallidipennis is a moderately-sized bandwinged grasshopper with the widest distribution of any bandwinged grasshopper in the New World, ranging from southwestern Canada to Argentina. It is primarily a desert and semi-desert species that exhibits sporadic irruptive population outbreaks in western North America, during which it becomes a significant agricultural pest. The species possesses strong flight capabilities that enable long-distance dispersal and migration from deteriorating habitats. Population irruptions have been documented in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Utah, with outbreaks typically lasting one to two years.
Trimerotropis sparsa
Badlands Grasshopper, Great Basin Grasshopper
Trimerotropis sparsa, commonly known as the badlands grasshopper or great basin grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in western North America, with records from Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming. The species is associated with badlands and Great Basin habitats.