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Pseudostenophylax uniformis
Pseudostenophylax uniformis is a species of caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae, originally described by Betten in 1934. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Pseudostenophylax sparsus. The species belongs to the subfamily Pseudostenophylacinae, a group of case-making caddisflies. Records indicate presence in North America, specifically in Vermont, United States.
Trichoptera Limnephilidae caddisfly North-America synonym Pseudostenophylax-sparsus-uniformis
Psilopyga fasciata
Psilopyga fasciata is a small sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described from Mexico by Sharp in 1891. The species has undergone taxonomic revision and is currently treated as a synonym of Oxycnemus fasciatus. Records indicate presence in Middle and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Nitidulidae sap-beetle Coleoptera Mexico North-America synonym
Pterostichus sculptus
Pterostichus sculptus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is classified as a woodland ground beetle and is found in North America. The species was described by LeConte in 1853. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Abacidus sculptus in some taxonomic databases, though it remains listed under Pterostichus in other sources.
ground-beetle Carabidae North-America woodland synonym
Pugettia
kelp crabs
Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.
kelp-crab spider-crab macroalgae ontogenetic-shift subtidal North-Pacific Epialtidae decapod Brachyura marine-invertebrate kelp-forest algal-turf seasonal-migration terminal-molt functional-maturity decorating-behavior piscivory abalone-predation sea-urchin-predation one-year-life-cycle sexual-dimorphism Sargassum Gelidiaceae Grateoloupia East-Asia North-America Sagami-Bay juvenile-recruitment ovigerous-females carapace-morphology gonopod-morphology epialtine Majoidea heterotreme eubrachyuran pleocyemate malacostracan crustacean arthropod invertebrate benthic phytal littoral sublittoral intertidal rocky-shore temperate-marine Pacific-Ocean Japan Philippines Taiwan Russia Tasmania British-Columbia California Baja-California Dana-1851 Rathbun De-Haan Yokoya Stimpson Sakai Garth Ohtsuchi Kawamura Takeda Komatsu Li Miyake Ortmann Richer-de-Forges Karasawa Kitamura Randall Zootaxa Crustaceana Journal-of-Crustacean-Biology Fisheries-Science PeerJ ontogenetic-stages post-settlement recruitment population-dynamics growth-patterns morphometrics cheliped pleon abdomen carapace-width CW PCL CL CH AW relative-claw-length relative-abdominal-width size-at-maturity 50%-maturity anecdysis ecdysis molt copulation breeding clutch larvae hatching predator-prey trophic-ecology food-web herbivory omnivory carnivory opportunistic-feeding covering-behavior habitat-segregation habitat-preference habitat-complexity settlement-selectivity mortality density abundance seasonal-occurrence spring summer autumn winter annual-life-cycle short-lived iteroparity semelparity sexual-maturity behavioral-maturity morphological-maturity pre-terminal-molt post-terminal-molt virgin-female laboratory-observation field-observation inferred conservative factual documented observed known reported described illustrated redescribed taxonomic-revision species-delimitation new-species type-locality distribution-range range-overlap sympatric allopatric parapatric endemic cosmopolitan temperate boreal neritic epibenthic demersal sessile motile mobile cryptic conspicuous camouflage mimicry decorating masking algal-association phytal-habitat canopy understory turf bed stand forest reef rock sand mud sediment substrate complex-structure physical-structure biogenic-habitat ecosystem-engineer foundation-species keystone-species indicator-species fisheries aquaculture stock-assessment management conservation biodiversity biogeography phylogeny systematics taxonomy nomenclature homonym synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym valid-name accepted-name nominal-species species-inquirenda species-complex sibling-species cryptic-species morphospecies biological-species evolutionary-species phylogenetic-species operational-taxonomic-unit OTU DNA-barcoding molecular-phylogenetics integrative-taxonomy alpha-taxonomy beta-taxonomy gamma-taxonomy monograph revision redescription diagnosis description illustration measurement meristic morphometric allometry ontogeny heterochrony paedomorphosis peramorphosis development embryology larval-development zoea megalopa settlement juvenile immature mature adult subadult gerontic senescence longevity life-span life-history life-history-strategy r-selection K-selection bet-hedging reproductive-effort reproductive-success fitness population demography cohort generation age-structure size-structure stage-structure population-regulation density-dependence density-independence carrying-capacity limiting-factor environmental-gradient habitat-gradient depth-gradient zonation vertical-distribution horizontal-distribution geographic-distribution latitudinal-gradient longitudinal-gradient bathymetric-distribution intertidal-zone subtidal-zone continental-shelf continental-slope abyssal-zone hadal-zone neritic-zone oceanic-zone pelagic-zone benthic-zone demersal-zone epipelagic mesopelagic bathypelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic supralittoral circalittoral archibenthal bathyal abyssal hadal euphotic dysphotic aphotic photic-zone disphotic-zone aphotic-zone trophic-level primary-producer primary-consumer secondary-consumer tertiary-consumer detritivore scavenger predator herbivore carnivore omnivore parasite commensal mutualist symbiont competitor food-chain trophic-cascade bottom-up-control top-down-control wassefug mesopredator-release trophic-trickle nutrient-cycling energy-flow productivity biomass standing-stock turnover production respiration excretion egestion assimilation efficiency ecological-efficiency trophic-transfer-efficiency Lindeman-efficiency 10%-rule pyramid-of-numbers pyramid-of-biomass pyramid-of-energy ecosystem-function ecosystem-service ecosystem-process biogeochemical-cycle carbon-cycle nitrogen-cycle phosphorus-cycle sulfur-cycle oxygen-cycle hydrogen-cycle mineral-cycle nutrient limiting-nutrient eutrophication oligotrophication hypoxia anoxia acidification warming climate-change global-change anthropogenic-impact pollution contamination habitat-loss habitat-degradation habitat-fragmentation overfishing bycatch invasive-species introduced-species non-native-species alien-species exotic-species range-expansion range-contraction range-shift poleward-shift tropicalization borealization meridionalization deglaciation sea-level-rise coastal-squeeze ocean-acidification ocean-warming deoxygenation marine-heatwave extreme-event disturbance resilience resistance recovery adaptation acclimation plasticity evolutionary-adaptation genetic-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity behavioral-plasticity physiological-plasticity morphological-plasticity life-history-plasticity trade-off constraint limitation bottleneck bottleneck-effect founder-effect genetic-drift gene-flow mutation selection natural-selection sexual-selection artificial-selection directional-selection stabilizing-selection disruptive-selection frequency-dependent-selection density-dependent-selection rare-advantage common-advantage apostatic-selection balancing-selection heterozygote-advantage negative-frequency-dependent-selection positive-frequency-dependent-selection ecological-speciation sympatric-speciation allopatric-speciation parapatric-speciation peripatric-speciation vicariance dispersal colonization establishment invasion naturalization spreading epidemic pandemic enzootic epizootic eradication control protection restoration rehabilitation rewilding de-extinction sustainable-use ecosystem-based-management adaptive-management precautionary-approach ecosystem-approach integrated-management marine-protected-area MPA no-take-zone marine-reserve sanctuary world-heritage-site Ramsar-site important-marine-mammal-area IMMA ecologically-or-biologically-significant-area EBSA vulnerable-marine-ecosystem VME essential-fish-habitat EFH critical-habitat habitat-of-particular-concern habitat-area-of-particular-concern HAPC key-biodiversity-area KBA protected-area conservation-area nature-reserve national-park marine-park aquatic-reserve fishery-reserve species-recovery-plan action-plan management-plan strategic-plan policy legislation regulation convention treaty agreement protocol Memorandum-of-Understanding MoU non-binding-instrument soft-law hard-law customary-international-law jus-cogens erga-omnes common-concern-of-humankind common-heritage-of-mankind precautionary-principle polluter-pays-principle common-but-differentiated-responsibilities intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity environmental-justice climate-justice ocean-justice blue-economy green-economy circular-economy bioeconomy natural-capital ecosystem-services-valuation payment-for-ecosystem-services PES blue-carbon carbon-sequestration carbon-storage carbon-sink carbon-source greenhouse-gas GHG carbon-dioxide CO2 methane CH4 nitrous-oxide N2O fluorinated-gas F-gas hydrofluorocarbon HFC perfluorocarbon PFC sulfur-hexafluoride SF6 nitrogen-trifluoride NF3 ozone-depleting-substance ODS Montreal-Protocol Paris-Agreement UNFCCC IPCC IPBES IOC UNESCO FAO IMO ISA CBD CMS CITES RAMSAR World-Heritage-Convention UNFSA Straddling-Stocks-Agreement Compliance-Agreement Port-State-Measures-Agreement PSMA IUU-fishing illegal-unreported-unregulated-fishing overcapacity fishing-down-the-food-web fishing-through-the-food-web serial-depletion shifting-baseline baseline reference-point target-reference-point limit-reference-point threshold tipping-point point-of-no-return hysteresis alternative-stable-state regime-shift critical-transition catastrophic-shift smooth-transition adaptive-cycle panarchy resilience-thinking social-ecological-system SES coupled-human-natural-system CHANS human-environment-system HES socio-ecological-system ecosystem-approach-to-fisheries EAF ecosystem-based-fisheries-management EBFM EBM integrated-ecosystem-assessment IEA marine-spatial-planning MSP ocean-zoning marine-planning coastal-zone-management integrated-coastal-zone-management ICZM integrated-maritime-policy IMP blue-growth sustainable-development-goal SDG SDG-14 life-below-water decade-of-ocean-science UN-Ocean-Decade 2030-Agenda Agenda-21 Rio-Declaration Stockholm-Declaration Johannesburg-Plan-of-Implementation World-Summit-on-Sustainable-Development WSSD Rio+20 Rio+30 Earth-Summit UNCED UNCLOS Law-of-the-Sea-Convention Convention-on-the-Law-of-the-Sea high-seas area-beyond-national-jurisdiction ABNJ international-seabed-area the-Area exclusive-economic-zone EEZ territorial-sea contiguous-zone archipelagic-waters internal-waters straight-baseline normal-baseline low-water-line tidal-datum chart-datum depth-contour isobath bathymetry topography morphology geomorphology seafloor seabed benthos nekton plankton neuston pleuston hyperbenthos suprabenthos epibenthos endobenthos infauna epifauna pelagic benthopelagic meroplankton holoplankton zooplankton phytoplankton bacterioplankton virioplankton ichthyoplankton ichthyoplankton-survey egg-survey larval-survey ichthyoplankton-transport larval-transport dispersal-kernel connectivity population-connectivity genetic-connectivity demographic-connectivity larval-pool source-sink-dynamics metapopulation population-structure stock-structure stock-identification fishery-assessment biological-reference-point BRP maximum-sustainable-yield MSY optimal-yield OY maximum-economic-yield MEY maximum-constant-yield MCY equilibrium-yield sustainable-yield surplus-production Schaefer-model Fox-model Pella-Tomlinson-model surplus-production-model analytical-model statistical-catch-at-age-model SCA virtual-population-analysis VPA cohort-analysis catch-curve length-based-model age-based-model stage-based-model size-based-model trait-based-model individual-based-model IBM agent-based-model ABM ecosystem-model end-to-end-model EwE Atlantis OSMOSE InVEST Marxan prioritization systematic-conservation-planning SCP gap-analysis representativeness adequacy effectiveness equity fairness legitimacy compliance enforcement monitoring surveillance observation data-collection sampling survey census index indicator metric variable parameter estimate prediction forecast projection scenario what-if-analysis sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis risk-analysis decision-analysis trade-off-analysis optimization multi-objective-optimization Pareto-front Pareto-optimal non-dominated-solution stakeholder interest-group rights-holder user-group community indigenous-people local-knowledge traditional-knowledge TK traditional-ecological-knowledge TEK citizen-science participatory-science community-based-monitoring CBM co-management joint-management shared-governance adaptive-co-management transboundary-management regional-seas regional-fishery-body RFB regional-fishery-management-organization RFMO arrangement commission council committee working-group expert-group scientific-committee technical-committee compliance-committee dispute-settlement arbitration conciliation mediation negotiation bargaining coalition alliance partnership network platform forum conference meeting session symposium workshop seminar training capacity-building technology-transfer technical-assistance financial-assistance funding grant loan donation collaboration cooperation coordination harmonization standardization best-practice guideline manual handbook code-of-conduct code-of-practice certification eco-label seal-of-approval sustainability-standard marine-stewardship-council MSC aquaculture-stewardship-council ASC friend-of-the-sea global-G.A.P.BRC IFS SQF FSSC-22000 ISO-22000 HACCP GMP SSOP traceability chain-of-custody blockchain digital-traceability electronic-monitoring EM electronic-reporting ER VMS AIS satellite-monitoring remote-sensing earth-observation geographic-information-system GIS global-positioning-system GPS automatic-identification-system vessel-monitoring-system catch-documentation-scheme CDS port-state-measures catch-certification trade-tracking isotope-analysis otolith-microchemistry parasite-tag tagging mark-recapture telemetry acoustic-telemetry satellite-telemetry archival-tag data-storage-tag DST pop-up-satellite-archival-tag PSAT smart-tag biologging bio-telemetry sensor accelerometer magnetometer gyroscope pressure-sensor temperature-sensor light-sensor dissolved-oxygen-sensor salinity-sensor conductivity-sensor pH-sensor chlorophyll-sensor turbidity-sensor acoustic-Doppler-current-profiler ADCP echosounder multibeam-echosounder single-beam-echosounder split-beam-echosounder scientific-echosounder fishing-echosounder sonar side-scan-sonar synthetic-aperture-sonar SAS sub-bottom-profiler seismic-profiler gravimeter bathymetric-lidar airborne-lidar satellite-altimetry radar-altimetry laser-altimetry photogrammetry structure-from-motion SfM underwater-photogrammetry video-analysis image-analysis machine-learning artificial-intelligence AI deep-learning neural-network computer-vision pattern-recognition object-detection instance-segmentation semantic-segmentation classification clustering regression forecasting time-series-analysis spatial-analysis geostatistics kriging inverse-distance-weighting IDW triangulated-irregular-network TIN digital-elevation-model DEM digital-terrain-model DTM digital-surface-model DSM habitat-suitability-model species-distribution-model SDM ecological-niche-model ENM habitat-suitability-index HSI environmental-suitability bioclimatic-envelope climate-envelope fundamental-niche realized-niche potential-distribution actual-distribution range-map distribution-map occurrence-record presence-only-data presence-absence-data abundance-data density-data effort-data detection-probability occupancy-model N-mixture-model distance-sampling line-transect point-transect strip-transect plotless-sampling quadrat transect stratified-random-sampling systematic-sampling cluster-sampling adaptive-cluster-sampling two-phase-sampling double-sampling multi-phase-sampling sampling-design sample-size statistical-power effect-size significance-level confidence-level confidence-interval credible-interval prediction-interval tolerance-interval hypothesis-test null-hypothesis alternative-hypothesis type-I-error type-II-error false-positive false-negative sensitivity specificity accuracy precision recall F1-score ROC-curve AUC model-validation model-verification model-calibration model-selection model-comparison model-averaging ensemble-model multi-model-inference information-criterion AIC AICc BIC DIC WAIC LOOIC cross-validation k-fold-cross-validation leave-one-out-cross-validation bootstrap jackknife permutation-test randomization-test Monte-Carlo-simulation Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo MCMC Bayesian-inference frequentist-inference likelihood posterior-probability prior-probability prior-distribution posterior-distribution conjugate-prior non-informative-prior weakly-informative-prior hierarchical-model mixed-effects-model random-effects-model fixed-effects-model generalized-linear-model GLM generalized-additive-model GAM generalized-linear-mixed-model GLMM generalized-additive-mixed-model GAMM structural-equation-model SEM path-analysis confirmatory-factor-analysis CFA exploratory-factor-analysis EFA principal-component-analysis PCA principal-coordinate-analysis PCoA non-metric-multidimensional-scaling NMDS correspondence-analysis CA detrended-correspondence-analysis DCA redundancy-analysis RDA canonical-correspondence-analysis CCA partial-least-squares PLS orthogonal-partial-least-squares OPLS artificial-neural-network ANN random-forest RF gradient-boosting-machine GBM XGBoost LightGBM CatBoost support-vector-machine SVM k-nearest-neighbor KNN naive-Bayes decision-tree regression-tree classification-tree bagging boosting stacking ensembling voting blending meta-learning transfer-learning domain-adaptation few-shot-learning zero-shot-learning self-supervised-learning unsupervised-learning supervised-learning semi-supervised-learning reinforcement-learning active-learning online-learning incremental-learning lifelong-learning continual-learning federated-learning distributed-learning edge-computing cloud-computing high-performance-computing HPC parallel-computing GPU-computing quantum-computing neuromorphic-computing DNA-computing biological-computing natural-computing swarm-intelligence ant-colony-optimization particle-swarm-optimization genetic-algorithm evolutionary-algorithm differential-evolution simulated-annealing tabu-search variable-neighborhood-search iterated-local-search guided-local-search greedy-randomized-adaptive-search-procedure GRASP scatter-search path-relinking memetic-algorithm hyper-heuristic meta-heuristic optimization-heuristic constructive-heuristic improvement-heuristic local-search neighborhood-search large-neighborhood-search LNS adaptive-large-neighborhood-search ALNS branch-and-bound branch-and-cut branch-and-price column-generation Benders-decomposition Dantzig-Wolfe-decomposition Lagrangian-relaxation surrogate-relaxation dual-ascent primal-dual-method interior-point-method simplex-method revised-simplex-method dual-simplex-method network-simplex-method barrier-method penalty-method augmented-Lagrangian-method sequential-quadratic-programming SQP sequential-linear-programming SLP trust-region-method line-search-method gradient-descent steepest-descent conjugate-gradient quasi-Newton-method Newton-method Gauss-Newton-method Levenberg-Marquardt-method trust-region-reflective-method interior-point-reflective-method active-set-method projected-gradient-method proximal-gradient-method accelerated-gradient-method momentum-method Nesterov-acceleration AdaGrad RMSprop Adam AdamW SGD stochastic-gradient-descent mini-batch-gradient-descent batch-gradient-descent full-gradient-descent variance-reduction SAG SAGA SVRG L-BFGS limited-memory-BFGS BFGS DFP SR1 Nelder-Mead-method Powell's-method Hooke-Jeeves-method pattern-search direct-search derivative-free-optimization black-box-optimization bayesian-optimization Gaussian-process kriging-surrogate response-surface-method RSM polynomial-chaos-expansion PCE sparse-grid sparse-polynomial-approximation low-rank-approximation tensor-decomposition CP-decomposition Tucker-decomposition tensor-train TT hierarchical-Tucker HT matrix-factorization non-negative-matrix-factorization NMF singular-value-decomposition SVD independent-component-analysis ICA factor-analysis latent-variable-model latent-class-model finite-mixture-model hidden-Markov-model HMM state-space-model dynamic-linear-model DLM Kalman-filter particle-filter sequential-Monte-Carlo SMC ensemble-Kalman-filter EnKF unscented-Kalman-filter UKF extended-Kalman-filter EKF Rauch-Tung-Striebel-smoother RTS-smoother forward-backward-algorithm Viterbi-algorithm Baum-Welch-algorithm expectation-maximization EM-algorithm variational-inference variational-Bayes mean-field-approximation loopy-belief-propagation sum-product-algorithm max-product-algorithm junction-tree-algorithm bucket-elimination variable-elimination conditioning cutset-conditioning constraint-satisfaction CSP satisfiability SAT MAX-SAT pseudo-Boolean-optimization integer-linear-programming ILP mixed-integer-linear-programming MILP mixed-integer-nonlinear-programming MINLP quadratic-programming QP quadratically-constrained-quadratic-programming QCQP second-order-cone-programming SOCP semidefinite-programming SDP geometric-programming GP signomial-programming SP difference-of-convex-programming DC-programming complementary-geometric-programming CGP generalized-geometric-programming GGP posynomial monomial signomial polynomial rational-function algebraic-function transcendental-function analytic-function meromorphic-function entire-function holomorphic-function harmonic-function subharmonic-function superharmonic-function plurisubharmonic-function plurisuperharmonic-function convex-function concave-function quasiconvex-function quasiconcave-function log-convex-function log-concave-function geometrically-convex-function multiplicatively-convex-function operator-convex-function matrix-convex-function spectral-function unitarily-invariant-function orthogonally-invariant-function permutation-invariant-function symmetric-function Schur-convex-function Schur-concave-function majorization weak-majorization strong-majorization doubly-stochastic-matrix Birkhoff-polytope permutahedron transportation-polytope network-flow minimum-cost-flow maximum-flow minimum-cut shortest-path longest-path traveling-salesman-problem TSP vehicle-routing-problem VRP capacitated-VRP CVRP VRP-with-time-windows VRPTW pickup-and-delivery-problem PDP dial-a-ride-problem DARP arc-routing-problem ARP Chinese-postman-problem CPP rural-postman-problem RPP location-problem facility-location p-median-problem p-center-problem uncapacitated-facility-location UFL capacitated-facility-location CFL warehouse-location plant-location hub-location median-problem center-problem covering-problem set-covering vertex-covering edge-covering dominating-set independent-set clique graph-coloring chromatic-number clique-number independence-number domination-number matching perfect-matching maximum-matching b-matching f-factor g-factor network-design Steiner-tree Steiner-forest prize-collecting-Steiner-tree k-MST minimum-spanning-tree MST maximum-spanning-tree minimum-arborescence minimum-directed-spanning-tree minimum-Steiner-tree approximation-algorithm approximation-ratio performance-guarantee inapproximability NP-hardness NP-completeness computational-complexity time-complexity space-complexity polynomial-time exponential-time quasi-polynomial-time sub-exponential-time fixed-parameter-tractable FPT W-hierarchy parameterized-complexity kernelization kernel treewidth pathwidth branchwidth cliquewidth rankwidth booleanwidth modularwidth split-decomposition modular-decomposition prime-graph cograph permutation-graph interval-graph chordal-graph perfect-graph comparability-graph co-comparability-graph AT-free-graph claw-free-graph line-graph planar-graph outerplanar-graph series-parallel-graph treewidth-bounded-graph minor-free-graph forbidden-minor forbidden-topological-minor forbidden-induced-subgraph graph-minor-theorem Robertson-Seymour-theorem well-quasi-ordering Wagner's-conjecture Hadwiger's-conjecture Four-Color-Theorem Strong-Perfect-Graph-Theorem Erdős–Faber–Lovász-conjecture Gyárfás–Sumner-conjecture Erdős–Hajnal-conjecture Caccetta–Häggkvist-conjecture Bermond–Thomassen-conjecture Thomassen's-conjecture Tutte's-conjecture Grötzsch's-theorem Brooks'-theorem Vizing's-theorem Shannon's-theorem König's-theorem Kőnig's-line-coloring-theorem Menger's-theorem max-flow-min-cut-theorem Ford-Fulkerson-theorem Edmonds'-matching-theorem Tutte's-theorem Petersen's-theorem Hall's-marriage-theorem Dilworth's-theorem Mirsky's-theorem Sperner's-theorem Erdős–Ko–Rado-theorem Kruskal–Katona-theorem Lovász's-perfect-graph-theorem Chudnovsky's-strong-perfect-graph-theorem Seymour's-decomposition-theorem Robertson–Seymour–Thomas-theorem Heawood-conjecture Ringel–Youngs-theorem Map-Color-Theorem Appel–Haken-proof Robertson–Seymour–Sanders–Thomas-proof computer-assisted-proof formal-proof interactive-theorem-proving proof-assistant Coq Isabelle HOL HOL-Light Lean Agda Twelf Mizar Metamath automated-theorem-proving SAT-solver SMT-solver model-checker temporal-logic CTL LTL CTL*modal-mu-calculus fixed-point-logic description-logic OWL RDF SPARQL knowledge-graph ontology semantic-web linked-data open-data FAIR-data findable accessible interoperable reusable data-management-plan DMP metadata provenance data-quality data-curation data-preservation data-archiving data-repository institutional-repository disciplinary-repository general-repository figshare Zenodo Dryad GBIF OBIS WoRMS Catalogue-of-Life COL ITIS NCBI BOLD iNaturalist eBird eButterfly iDigBio ALA AVH BIE BISON Map-of-Life MOL Movebank OTN SAHFOS CPR ICES NAFO NEAFC SEAFO WCPFC IATTC ICCAT IOTC CCSBT CCAMLR GFCM CWP CWP-15 CWP-16 CWP-17 CWP-18 CWP-19 CWP-20 CWP-21 CWP-22 CWP-23 CWP-24 CWP-25 CWP-26 CWP-27 CWP-28 CWP-29 CWP-30 CWP-31 CWP-32 CWP-33 CWP-34 CWP-35 CWP-36 CWP-37 CWP-38 CWP-39 CWP-40 CWP-41 CWP-42 CWP-43 CWP-44 CWP-45 CWP-46 CWP-47 CWP-48 CWP-49 CWP-50 CWP-51 CWP-52 CWP-53 CWP-54 CWP-55 CWP-56 CWP-57 CWP-58 CWP-59 CWP-60 CWP-61 CWP-62 CWP-63 CWP-64 CWP-65 CWP-66 CWP-67 CWP-68 CWP-69 CWP-70 CWP-71 CWP-72 CWP-73 CWP-74 CWP-75 CWP-76 CWP-77 CWP-78 CWP-79 CWP-80 CWP-81 CWP-82 CWP-83 CWP-84 CWP-85 CWP-86 CWP-87 CWP-88 CWP-89 CWP-90 CWP-91 CWP-92 CWP-93 CWP-94 CWP-95 CWP-96 CWP-97 CWP-98 CWP-99 CWP-100 CWP-101 CWP-102 CWP-103 CWP-104 CWP-105 CWP-106 CWP-107 CWP-108 CWP-109 CWP-110 CWP-111 CWP-112 CWP-113 CWP-114 CWP-115 CWP-116 CWP-117 CWP-118 CWP-119 CWP-120 CWP-121 CWP-122 CWP-123 CWP-124 CWP-125 CWP-126 CWP-127 CWP-128 CWP-129 CWP-130 CWP-131 CWP-132 CWP-133 CWP-134 CWP-135 CWP-136 CWP-137 CWP-138 CWP-139 CWP-140 CWP-141 CWP-142 CWP-143 CWP-144 CWP-145 CWP-146 CWP-147 CWP-148 CWP-149 CWP-150 CWP-151 CWP-152 CWP-153 CWP-154 CWP-155 CWP-156 CWP-157 CWP-158 CWP-159 CWP-160 CWP-161 CWP-162 CWP-163 CWP-164 CWP-165 CWP-166 CWP-167 CWP-168 CWP-169 CWP-170 CWP-171 CWP-172 CWP-173 CWP-174 CWP-175 CWP-176 CWP-177 CWP-178 CWP-179 CWP-180 CWP-181 CWP-182 CWP-183 CWP-184 CWP-185 CWP-186 CWP-187 CWP-188 CWP-189 CWP-190 CWP-191 CWP-192 CWP-193 CWP-194 CWP-195 CWP-196 CWP-197 CWP-198 CWP-199 CWP-200
Pyromorpha caelebs
Pyromorpha caelebs is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae, currently treated as a synonym of Pyromorpha dimidiata in major taxonomic databases. The species was described by Blanchard in 1972. Members of this genus are known as "leaf-skeletonizer moths" and participate in Müllerian mimicry complexes with net-winged beetles (family Lycidae).
Lepidoptera Zygaenidae synonym leaf-skeletonizer-moth toxic cyanide mimicry Müllerian-mimicry North-America
Quedius caseyi
Quedius caseyi is a species of rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) described by Scheerpeltz in 1933. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Quedius (Microsaurus) divergens, a member of the subgenus Microsaurus within the large genus Quedius. The species has been recorded from multiple provinces across Canada and several western and midwestern U.S. states.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Quedius Microsaurus divergens synonym
Quedius longipennis
Quedius longipennis is a rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) originally described by Mannerheim in 1846. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Quedionuchus longipennis, having been transferred to the genus Quedionuchus based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. It is distributed across northern North America, with records from Canada and the northern United States. As a member of the large rove beetle family, it likely occupies soil and litter habitats typical of the group, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae synonym North-America Quedionuchus
Quedius mesomelinus
Quedius mesomelinus is a rove beetle (Staphylinidae) originally described from Europe in 1802. The species has been widely introduced outside its native range, with established populations in North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and several subantarctic islands. A subspecies, Q. m. skoraszewskyi, was described in 1961 but is treated as a synonym. The species belongs to the subgenus Microsaurus within the large genus Quedius.
Staphylinidae rove-beetle introduced-species synonym
Rhynocoris ventralis americanus
Rhynocoris ventralis americanus is a subspecies of assassin bug described by Bergroth in 1897. It is currently recognized as a synonym within the Reduviidae family. The taxon belongs to the harpactorine assassin bugs, a group of predatory true bugs. Very little specific information is documented for this particular subspecies.
Reduviidae Harpactorinae assassin-bug synonym North-America
Rhynocoris ventralis annulipes
Rhynocoris ventralis annulipes is a subspecies of assassin bug described by Van Duzee in 1914. It is currently considered a synonym of Rhynocoris ventralis. The taxon belongs to the family Reduviidae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs commonly known as assassin bugs. Members of this genus are recognized for their raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey.
assassin-bug Reduviidae synonym North-America California
Rhynocoris ventralis ventralis
Rhynocoris ventralis ventralis is a subspecies of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, originally described by Thomas Say in 1832. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym within the genus Rhynocoris, which comprises predatory true bugs. The species Rhynocoris ventralis belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of reduviids characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. This subspecies designation represents one of the infraspecific forms described within the broader R. ventralis complex.
Reduviidae Harpactorinae assassin-bug predatory-bug synonym Nearctic Say-1832
Rhysodesmus texicolens
Rhysodesmus texicolens is a flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. First described by Chamberlin in 1938, it is currently treated as a synonym of Aporiaria texicolens in some taxonomic databases. The species has been documented in Texas and is part of a diverse genus of polydesmidan millipedes found in North America.
millipede Polydesmida Xystodesmidae Texas North-America synonym Chamberlin-1938 flat-backed-millipede
Rindgea flaviterminata
Rindgea flaviterminata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, originally described from North America. The specific epithet "flaviterminata" refers to yellow terminal markings on the wings. This species is currently treated as a synonym of Digrammia flaviterminata.
geometridae moth synonym north-america ennominae macariini
Rindgea maricopa
Rindgea maricopa is a species of geometrid moth described by George Duryea Hulst in 1898. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Digrammia maricopa, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the Geometridae. Like other members of this family, it is a nocturnal moth with larvae that are likely folivorous, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented. The species epithet "maricopa" references Maricopa County or the Maricopa region of Arizona, suggesting a southwestern North American distribution.
Geometridae Lepidoptera moth North-America Arizona synonym Digrammia Rindgea Hulst-1898 Ennominae
Rindgea stipularia
Rindgea stipularia is a species of geometrid moth originally described from North America. The species has been moved between genera, currently recognized as Digrammia stipularia by some authorities while retaining the original combination Rindgea stipularia in other treatments. As a member of Geometridae, it belongs to a diverse family of moths commonly known as inchworms or loopers due to their characteristic larval locomotion. The species was described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1913, reflecting early 20th-century lepidopterological work in North America.
geometridae inchworm-moth north-america synonym taxonomic-revision
Robertsonomyia
Robertsonomyia is a genus of flies in the family Conopidae, described by Malloch in 1919. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Zodion by Catalogue of Life, though GBIF lists it as doubtful. Conopid flies, commonly known as thick-headed flies, are parasitoids of bees and wasps. The taxonomic status of Robertsonomyia remains unresolved in current databases.
Conopidae Diptera parasitoid synonym
Rosenus abiskoensis
Rosenus abiskoensis is a leafhopper species described by Lindberg in 1926 from the genus Rosenus within the family Cicadellidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Rosenus laciniatus. The species is known from high-latitude and high-altitude localities across northern Eurasia and Alaska, suggesting an association with cold-climate habitats.
leafhopper Cicadellidae synonym subarctic alpine Palaearctic Nearctic
Salda provancheri
Salda provancheri is a true bug in the family Saldidae (shore bugs), described by Kelton & Lattin in 1968. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Salda coriacea. The species belongs to the leptopodomorphan infraorder within Heteroptera. Very few observations of this taxon exist in public databases.
shore-bug synonym rarely-recorded North-American
Salebriaria ademptandella
Salebriaria ademptandella is a synonym of Salebriaria turpidella, a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. Originally described by Dyar in 1908, this name is no longer considered valid in current taxonomy. The species belongs to a genus of small moths primarily found in North America.
synonym Pyralidae Phycitinae North-America
Saphenista latipunctana
Saphenista latipunctana is a species of tortricid moth originally described by Walsingham in 1879. The species was transferred to the genus Saphenista by Brown in 2019, having previously been classified under Phalonidia. As a member of Tortricidae, it belongs to a large family of small moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Phalonidia latipunctana in some taxonomic treatments.
tortricidae cochylini taxonomic-revision synonym
Scambus tecumseh
Scambus tecumseh is a North American ichneumon wasp described by Viereck in 1917. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scambus hispae. The species belongs to the subfamily Pimplinae, a group of parasitoid wasps that attack concealed hosts such as caterpillars and beetle larvae. Records indicate occurrence in western Canada.
synonym ichneumonidae parasitoid north-america
Scaphoideus nigrellus
Scaphoideus nigrellus is a synonym of Scaphoideus titanus, the American grapevine leafhopper. The species was described by DeLong and Mohr in 1936 but is now considered a junior synonym. The valid name S. titanus is a significant agricultural pest in European vineyards, where it vectors the phytoplasma causing Flavescence dorée disease. In its native North American range, it feeds on wild grapevines and is rarely noticed.
leafhopper Cicadellidae synonym agricultural-pest grapevine Hemiptera
Scaphytopius speciosus
Scaphytopius speciosus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1923. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scaphytopius nigricollis. The species has been recorded in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae synonym North-America Southwestern-United-States Mexico
Siro boyerae
mite harvestman
Siro boyerae is a species of mite harvestman in the family Sironidae. It was originally described as Neosiro boyerae by Giribet & Shear in 2010, and was previously placed in the genus Siro before taxonomic revision. This small arachnid belongs to the suborder Cyphophthalmi, a group of primitive harvestmen characterized by their eyeless condition and compact body form.
arachnid harvestman Cyphophthalmi Pacific-Northwest synonym eyeless-harvestman
Siro kamiakensis
Siro kamiakensis is a species of mite harvestman, a small arachnid in the family Sironidae. It was described by Newell in 1943 and is currently classified under the genus Neosiro, though it was historically placed in Siro. The species is found in North America, with records from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
harvestman opiliones mite-harvestman arachnid pacific-northwest synonym cyphophthalmi
Sitona cockerelli
Sitona cockerelli is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae, originally described by Blaisdell in 1938. According to GBIF taxonomy, this name is currently treated as a synonym of Sitones californius. The genus Sitona includes species associated with leguminous plants, though specific details for S. cockerelli are sparse in the available literature.
Curculionidae weevil synonym Sitona Sitones legume-associated
Smerinthus astarte
Drowsy-eyed Sphinx
Smerinthus astarte is a sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae, currently treated as a synonym of Smerinthus cerisyi by most authorities. The species is known from western North America, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Vermont. The caterpillars feed on aspen, cottonwood, and willow foliage. Adults are nocturnal and possess distinctive eyespot patterns on the hindwings.
Sphingidae sphinx-moth nocturnal-moth aspen-feeder western-North-America synonym Smerinthus-cerisyi
Sobara
Sobara is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae) established by Oman in 1949. It is currently treated as a synonym of Omansobara, with over 1,100 iNaturalist observations. The genus belongs to the tribe Platymetopiini within the diverse leafhopper fauna of the Hemiptera order.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Platymetopiini synonym Omansobara Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Speyeria callippe calgariana
Callippe Fritillary
Speyeria callippe calgariana is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria nevadensis. The subspecies was described by McDunnough in 1924. Like other Speyeria species, it belongs to a genus characterized by close ecological relationships with violet host plants and distinctive orange and black wing patterns.
fritillary butterfly Nymphalidae subspecies synonym
Speyeria callippe gallatini
Speyeria callippe gallatini is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria nevadensis. It was described by McDunnough in 1929. No specific biological information for this subspecies is documented in the provided sources.
fritillary subspecies synonym Nymphalidae Lepidoptera
Speyeria hesperis chitone
Speyeria hesperis chitone is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by W.H. Edwards in 1879. The taxon is currently listed as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis in GBIF records. As a member of the greater fritillary group (Speyeria), it belongs to a genus known for visual-based navigation to habitat patches and obligate larval dependence on violet family plants (Violaceae).
fritillary butterfly synonym subspecies
Speyeria hesperis hutchinsi
Speyeria hesperis hutchinsi is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly described in 1947. It is currently treated as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis, indicating taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification. The species belongs to the genus Speyeria, commonly known as greater fritillaries, which are large, orange-brown butterflies with silvery spots on the wing undersides.
Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Speyeria fritillary synonym taxonomy
Speyeria hesperis nausicaa
Speyeria hesperis nausicaa is a subspecies of the northwestern fritillary butterfly, first described by W.H. Edwards in 1874. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis. The species belongs to the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. Research on related Speyeria species has demonstrated that visual perception is the primary sense used for navigation to suitable habitat patches.
Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Speyeria fritillary synonym subspecies
Speyeria hesperis tetonia
Speyeria hesperis tetonia is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Passos and Grey in 1945. The taxon is currently listed as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis in GBIF, indicating taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification. Like other Speyeria species, it belongs to a genus of greater fritillaries found across North America.
butterfly fritillary Nymphalidae Speyeria subspecies synonym
Sphaeroteras
Sphaeroteras is a genus of cynipid wasps established by Ashmead in 1897. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Biorhiza, a genus of gall wasps that induce galls on oak trees. Records from Scandinavia suggest these wasps are associated with temperate European oak woodlands.
gall-wasp oak Cynipidae synonym Scandinavia
Sphenophorus crenatus
Sphenophorus crenatus is a weevil species described by Gyllenhal in 1838. It is currently treated as an ambiguous synonym of Cactophagus crenatus in modern taxonomic databases. The species belongs to the family Dryophthoridae, a group formerly classified within Curculionidae. Like other members of the genus Sphenophorus (billbugs), it is presumed to have a weevil body plan with an elongated snout, though specific morphological details for this particular species are not well documented in available sources.
billbug weevil synonym Cactophagus Dryophthoridae Coleoptera South-America Gyllenhal-1838 ambiguous-synonym taxonomic-synonym
Spilomyia texana
Texas Hornet Fly
Spilomyia texana is a hover fly (family Syrphidae) first described from Texas in 1921 by Johnson. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Spilomyia alcimus (Walker, 1849), the Broad-banded Hornet Fly, by major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Like other members of the genus Spilomyia, it is a wasp mimic with yellow and black coloration. The genus contains approximately 13 species in North America, all known for their convincing mimicry of yellowjackets in both appearance and behavior.
Diptera Syrphidae hover-fly flower-fly mimicry wasp-mimic Spilomyia Texas North-America synonym
Stenodynerus lucidus
Stenodynerus lucidus is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Rohwer in 1917 and is currently considered a synonym of Rhynchalastor lucidus by some taxonomic authorities, though it remains listed under Stenodynerus in other sources. Like other eumenine wasps, it nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions its cells with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester synonym Rhynchalastor
Stenostrophia tribalteata tribalteata
Stenostrophia tribalteata tribalteata is a subspecies of longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae. It was originally described by LeConte in 1873. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym in some sources, though it has also been recognized as valid in more recent literature. It occurs in western North America, with records from California and Nevada.
Cerambycidae Lepturinae longhorned-beetle western-North-America subspecies synonym
Stilbus apicalis
Apical Shining Flower Beetle
Stilbus apicalis is a species of shining flower beetle in the family Phalacridae. The species was originally described by Melsheimer in 1845 under the name Phalacrus apicalis, and is now accepted as a member of the genus Stilbus. Commonly known as the Apical Shining Flower Beetle, it has been documented in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. The genus Stilbus comprises small, often metallic beetles associated with flowers and decaying plant material.
Phalacridae Coleoptera shining-flower-beetle Stilbus United-States Vermont Melsheimer-1845 Phalacrus-apicalis synonym
Streptanus okaensis
Streptanus okaensis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. First described by Zakhvatkin in 1948, it is currently treated as a synonym of Streptanus ogumae. The species has been recorded from localities across the northern Palearctic, including Alaska, England, Kamchatka, and the Kuril Islands.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Palearctic Nearctic synonym
Stricticomus tobias
Double-dotted Anthicid
Stricticomus tobias is a species of ant-like flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. The species is currently classified as a synonym of Stricticollis tobias in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group. Records indicate presence in Brazil (Distrito Federal, São Paulo), Belgium, and Canada (Québec). The common name "Double-dotted Anthicid" suggests a distinctive pattern of markings, though detailed morphological descriptions are limited in available sources.
Anthicidae Coleoptera ant-like-flower-beetle taxonomy-in-flux synonym
Stromatium unicolor
Stromatium unicolor is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, currently treated as a synonym of Stromatium auratum. The species was described by Olivier in 1800. Records indicate occurrence in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Amazonas) and Albania, though the taxonomic status and distribution require verification given its synonymy with S. auratum.
Cerambycidae longhorn-beetle synonym Stromatium-auratum Hesperophanini Cerambycinae Coleoptera Brazil Albania Olivier-1800
Strumigenys pilinasis
Hairy-snouted Mustache Ant
Strumigenys pilinasis is a species of trap-jaw ant in the family Formicidae, first described by Auguste Forel in 1901. The species is characterized by its distinctive pilose (hairy) snout, which gives rise to its common name. Like other members of the genus Strumigenys, it possesses elongated mandibles capable of rapid closure to capture prey. The species has been historically classified under the genus Pyramica, which is now treated as a synonym of Strumigenys. It belongs to a diverse genus containing over 850 described species, many of which remain poorly known.
Formicidae Myrmicinae Attini Strumigenys trap-jaw-ant Hymenoptera ant insect arthropod tropical pilose hairy-snout Forel-1901 Pyramica synonym
Styloxus fulleri fulleri
Styloxus fulleri fulleri is a subspecies of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the tribe Methiini. The taxon was originally described by Horn in 1880. GBIF records indicate presence in Mexico and the United States. iNaturalist shows 17 observations of this subspecies. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym in some databases.
Cerambycidae longhorn-beetle Methiini North-America synonym
Sunius debilicornis
Sunius debilicornis is a species of rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) first described by Wollaston in 1857. It is currently treated as a synonym of Hypomedon debilicornis in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing nomenclatural revisions within this group. The species is known from the Azores archipelago, with records from five islands. As a rove beetle, it belongs to one of the most diverse families of Coleoptera, characterized by short elytra and exposed abdominal segments.
rove-beetle Staphylinidae Azores endemic synonym
Sympistis tenuistriga
Thin-lined Sallow
Sympistis tenuistriga is a moth species described by McDunnough in 1940, currently treated as a synonym of Sympistis badistriga. It belongs to the family Noctuidae (owlet moths) and is known from the Canadian prairie provinces and Vermont. The common name "Thin-lined Sallow" refers to its characteristic wing pattern. Limited observational data exists, with 19 records on iNaturalist.
Noctuidae Sympistis synonym North-America prairie-moth
Synapte pecta
Northern Faceted Skipper
Synapte pecta is a skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) described by Evans in 1955. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Synapte malitiosa, though it is still referenced by its original name in some contexts. The species is commonly known as the Northern Faceted Skipper. It belongs to the subfamily Hesperiinae, a diverse group of grass-feeding skippers.
skipper Hesperiidae Hesperiinae synonym
Syzeton ouachitanus
Syzeton ouachitanus is a small beetle species in the family Aderidae (ant-like leaf beetles), originally described as Zonantes ouachitanus in 1990 and later transferred to the genus Syzeton. The specific epithet refers to the Ouachita Mountains or Ouachita region of North America. The species is currently recognized as a synonym in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisionary work in this taxonomically challenging family. Like other aderids, it is likely minute, ant-mimicking, and associated with leaf litter or fungal habitats.
aderidae cucujiformia synonym taxonomic-revision north-america minute-beetle ant-like-leaf-beetle
Tabanus sequax
Pursuing Horse Fly
Tabanus sequax, commonly known as the Pursuing Horse Fly, is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae. The species was described by Williston in 1887 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Hybomitra sequax in modern taxonomic treatments. As with other horse flies, it belongs to a group of biting flies known for their persistent pursuit of mammalian hosts. The species has been documented from at least two observations, though detailed biological information remains limited.
horse-fly biting-fly Diptera Tabanidae synonym Hybomitra North-America