Leafhopper
Guides
Exitianus picatus
Exitianus picatus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Chiasmini. It was described by Gibson in 1919. The species is known from the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico and Central America. Like other members of Exitianus, it is likely associated with grassland and agricultural habitats.
Extrusanus ovatus
Extrusanus ovatus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described as Euscelis ovatus by Sanders & DeLong in 1920. It belongs to the tribe Athysanini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species has been documented in Kansas and California, with 85 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera), it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of this order.
Fagocyba douglasi
Fagocyba douglasi is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It belongs to a group of small, sap-feeding insects commonly known as typhlocybine leafhoppers. The species was described by Edwards in 1878. Distribution records indicate occurrence in parts of Europe (Italy, Crimea) and western North America (British Columbia), suggesting a transcontinental or possibly introduced range pattern.
Fieberiella
Fieberiella is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, comprising at least 20 described species. The genus was established by Signoret in 1880. Members are phloem-feeding insects with documented significance as vectors of plant pathogens, particularly phytoplasmas affecting fruit trees. The best-studied species, Fieberiella florii, has been confirmed as a vector of "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" causing apple proliferation disease.
Fieberiella florii
privet leafhopper, Flor's leafhopper, cherry leafhopper
Fieberiella florii is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, native to Europe and established in North America. It is a phloem-feeding insect that develops on multiple woody host plants, particularly in stone fruit orchards and surrounding vegetation. The species has been experimentally confirmed as a vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali', the causal agent of apple proliferation disease. In western Oregon, it shows a distinct seasonal cycle with overwintering eggs, spring nymph emergence, and peak adult populations in summer.
Fieberiellini
Fieberiellini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae, containing 48 species across 10 genera. Members are predominantly native to the southern Palaearctic region, with some species established adventively in the Nearctic. The tribe includes economically significant species such as Fieberiella florii, a known vector of phytoplasma diseases affecting cherry trees.
Fitchana vitellina
Fitchana vitellina is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Platymetopiini. Originally described by Fitch in 1851 as Acocephalus vitellinus, it has been reclassified to the genus Fitchana. The species has been recorded across multiple North American locations including British Columbia, Colorado, Iowa, Maine, and the District of Columbia.
Flexamia
Flexamia is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae) established by DeLong in 1926. The genus is characterized by a high degree of host-plant specificity, with most species dependent on particular grass species. A notable member, F. whitcombi, was discovered in 2015 inhabiting the threatened pinebarren smokegrass (Muhlenbergia torreyana) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, highlighting conservation concerns for these specialized insects.
Flexamia abbreviata
Flexamia abbreviata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Osborn and Ball in 1897 under the basionym Deltocephalus abbreviatus. The species belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers noted for their high degree of host plant specificity. It has been recorded from several central and western U.S. states including Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to feed on grasses, though specific host associations for this species have not been documented.
Flexamia albida
Flexamia albida is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Osborn and Ball in 1897. Originally described as Deltocephalus albidus, it was later transferred to the genus Flexamia. The species belongs to the tribe Paralimnini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Like other members of the genus Flexamia, it is likely associated with specific host plants, a trait common to this genus of leafhoppers.
Flexamia areolata
Flexamia areolata is a leafhopper species first described by Ball in 1899. It belongs to the genus Flexamia within the family Cicadellidae, a group known for their plant-specific host associations. The species has been recorded from multiple eastern and central United States locations. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be associated with specific grass host plants, though detailed ecological studies for this particular species appear limited.
Flexamia arizonensis
Flexamia arizonensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young & Beirne in 1958. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers characterized by strong host-plant specificity, with most species dependent on particular grass species. The species is known from the southwestern United States and adjacent regions.
Flexamia atlantica
Flexamia atlantica is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1926 as Deltocephalus atlanticus. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers in which most species exhibit high host-plant specificity. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the eastern and central United States. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with specific grass host plants, though detailed ecological studies are limited.
Flexamia clayi
Flexamia clayi is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young and Beirne in 1958. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species has been documented in the eastern United States. Like other members of its genus, it likely exhibits specific ecological relationships with its host vegetation.
Flexamia curvata
Flexamia curvata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Deltocephalus curvatus by DeLong in 1926. The species belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for host plant specificity. It has been recorded from several central and south-central U.S. states including Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with particular grass species, though specific host relationships for this species remain poorly documented.
Flexamia doeringae
Flexamia doeringae is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Beamer and Tuthill in 1934. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of deltocephaline leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations. The genus is characterized by species that are typically dependent on specific grass hosts, though the particular host relationships of F. doeringae remain undocumented. The species has been recorded from Arizona and Mexico.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
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pyrops
Flexamia pyrops is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Crumb in 1915. The genus Flexamia belongs to the tribe Paralimnini and subfamily Deltocephalinae. Members of this genus are generally associated with specific host plants, a trait shared with most other Flexamia species. Distribution records indicate presence in several eastern and southeastern US states including Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, and Maryland.
Flexamia satilla
Flexamia satilla is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton and Ross in 1975. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of deltocephaline leafhoppers known for their specialized associations with grasses and sedges. The species is documented from Georgia, USA. Like other members of its genus, it likely exhibits host-specific feeding relationships with particular grass species.
Floridonus
Floridonus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Platymetopiini. It was established by Oman in 1949. The genus is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna of the Americas, with species recorded primarily from the southern United States and Mexico. Like other deltocephaline leafhoppers, members of this genus are likely associated with herbaceous vegetation.
Floridonus taxodii
Floridonus taxodii is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Sanders and DeLong in 1923. The specific epithet 'taxodii' suggests an association with bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), though this relationship is not explicitly documented in available sources. The species is endemic to Florida, with records limited to this state. As a member of the tribe Platymetopiini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it belongs to a diverse group of leafhoppers characterized by particular wing venation patterns and male genitalia structures.
Forcipata frigida
Forcipata frigida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beirne in 1955. It belongs to the tribe Dikraneurini, a group of small leafhoppers often associated with herbaceous vegetation. Distribution records indicate occurrence in the Canadian prairie provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
Forcipata loca
Forcipata loca is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong & Caldwell in 1936. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Dikraneurini. The species has been documented in multiple U.S. states across different regions.
Forcipata montana
Forcipata montana is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Hamilton in 1998. It belongs to the tribe Dikraneurini, a group of small leafhoppers often associated with specific host plants. The species name "montana" suggests a mountainous distribution.
Forcipata triquetra
Forcipata triquetra is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by DeLong and Caldwell in 1936. The species is known from scattered records in the north-central United States. As a member of the Dikraneurini tribe, it belongs to a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers that feed on plant vascular tissue.
Forcipata unica
Forcipata unica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1998. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group commonly known as typhlocybine leafhoppers. The species is known from Wisconsin, USA. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, plant-feeding insect.
Friscanus
Friscanus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Evacanthinae, and tribe Pagaroniini. The genus was established by Oman in 1938. As a member of the Evacanthinae, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by particular head and pronotal structures. The genus contains relatively few described species and is poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Gloridonus ajo
Gloridonus ajo is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 2014. The specific epithet 'ajo' refers to the type locality in Arizona. As a member of the diverse leafhopper family, it belongs to a group of phloem-feeding insects with specialized piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus Gloridonus is part of the Nearctic leafhopper fauna.
Gloridonus atridorsum
Gloridonus atridorsum is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Van Duzee in 1894. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a large and diverse group of leafhoppers. The species has been recorded from western North America, with distribution spanning parts of Canada and the western United States.
Gloridonus chiragricus
Gloridonus chiragricus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1900. It belongs to the tribe Cicadellini, a group of robust, often brightly colored leafhoppers. The species is known from limited records in Arizona, with few documented observations. Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits arid and semi-arid environments. Specific ecological details remain poorly documented due to its rarity in collections and limited study.
Gloridonus pulcher
Gloridonus pulcher is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 2014. The genus Gloridonus belongs to the diverse leafhopper fauna of western North America. This species is known from California, where it inhabits native plant communities. Like other cicadellids, it is a sap-feeding insect that uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract fluids from plant vascular tissue. The specific epithet 'pulcher' (Latin for 'beautiful') likely refers to distinctive coloration or morphological features.
Gloridonus venditarius
Gloridonus venditarius is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1910. It belongs to the genus Gloridonus, which is part of the diverse true bug assemblage within Hemiptera. The species has been documented across western North America from British Columbia southward through the western United States. Like other leafhoppers, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular tissues.
Gloridonus xyston
Gloridonus xyston is a leafhopper species described by Hamilton in 2014. It belongs to the family Cicadellidae, a diverse group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers. The species is known from the Pacific Northwest region of North America.
Graminella
Graminella is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, comprising at least 30 described species. The genus is best known through extensive research on Graminella nigrifrons (black-faced leafhopper), a significant agricultural pest and plant virus vector in North American maize systems. Members of this genus feed on grasses and grass-family crops, with documented vectoring capacity for multiple economically important plant pathogens including corn stunt spiroplasma, maize chlorotic dwarf virus, and maize fine streak virus.
Graminella aureovittata
Graminella aureovittata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described from the United States in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a diverse group of grassland and agricultural leafhoppers. The species has been documented across multiple states in the eastern and central United States, with records spanning from Florida to Massachusetts and westward to Kansas. Its specific epithet 'aureovittata' (golden-striped) likely refers to distinctive coloration features. As with many Deltocephalinae, it is presumed to be associated with grasses, though direct host plant records remain limited.
Graminella cognita
Graminella cognita is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Caldwell in 1952. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a diverse group of leafhoppers commonly associated with grasses and other herbaceous plants. The species has been recorded in the southeastern United States and parts of the Caribbean. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with grassland habitats, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Graminella fitchii
Graminella fitchii is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is a small, grass-feeding insect native to eastern and central North America. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1890 and remains taxonomically accepted across major databases.
Graminella nigrifrons
black-faced leafhopper
Graminella nigrifrons is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae that serves as a significant agricultural pest and plant virus vector. It transmits multiple agronomically important pathogens including corn stunt virus, maize chlorotic dwarf virus, maize fine streak virus, and phytoplasmas. The species feeds on phloem sap of maize, sorghum, oats, and various grass species. Research has characterized its salivary gland transcriptome, revealing 14,297 salivary gland-enriched transcripts and 195 predicted secretory peptides involved in host feeding and potential modulation of plant defenses.
Graminella nigripennis
Graminella nigripennis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1923. The genus Graminella belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a large and diverse group of leafhoppers commonly associated with grasses and herbaceous plants. The specific epithet nigripennis refers to the black wing coloration characteristic of this species. Leafhoppers in this genus are typically small, active insects that feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Graminella plana
Graminella plana is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1924. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a large group of grass-feeding leafhoppers. The species has been recorded in the southeastern United States. As a member of the genus Graminella, it is associated with grassy habitats, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Graminella sonora
Lesser Lawn Leafhopper
Graminella sonora is a small leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Lesser Lawn Leafhopper. It is widely distributed across the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America, with records from Arizona, California, Florida, and Honduras. As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it likely feeds on grasses and herbaceous plants, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The species was described by Ball in 1900 and remains relatively understudied despite its broad geographic range.
Graphocephala
sharpshooters, leafhoppers
Graphocephala is a large genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as sharpshooters. The genus is notable for its colorful, often vividly patterned species and its economic significance as vectors of plant pathogens. Members range from southern Canada to northern South America, with several species extensively studied for their role in transmitting Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium causing Pierce's disease in grapevines. The genus includes well-known species such as the candy-striped leafhopper (G. coccinea) and the blue-green sharpshooter (G. atropunctata), a principal native vector of X. fastidiosa in California vineyards.
Graphocephala atropunctata
blue-green sharpshooter
Graphocephala atropunctata, commonly known as the blue-green sharpshooter, is a xylem-feeding leafhopper native to the western United States. It is the principal native vector of Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium that causes Pierce's disease in grapevines. This species has been extensively studied for its feeding behaviors using electropenetrography (EPG) techniques, which have characterized distinct waveform patterns associated with stylet penetration and xylem ingestion. Its role as a disease vector makes it economically significant to California's vineyard industry.
Graphocephala aurora
Graphocephala aurora is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898 under the name Tettigonia aurora. As a member of the genus Graphocephala, it shares the distinctive characteristics of this group, including colorful patterning and association with the subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters). The species is known from limited distributional records in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Graphocephala coccinea
red-banded leafhopper, candy-striped leafhopper, scarlet-and-green leafhopper, red-and-blue leafhopper
A medium-sized leafhopper distinguished by vivid coloration including blue or green and red or orange-red stripes on the wings and thorax, with bright yellow on the head, legs, and abdomen. Adults measure 6.7–8.4 mm in length. Native to North and Central America from Canada to Panama, inhabiting meadows and woodlands. Known to vector Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium causing Pierce's disease in woody plants.
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candystriped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Red-banded Leafhopper or Candystriped Leafhopper. This subspecies is restricted to coastal areas along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Adults measure 5.7–8.4 mm in length, with females slightly larger than males. The species produces brochosomes, unique nanoparticles that render its exoskeleton superhydrophobic and anti-reflective.
Graphocephala coccinea quadrivittata
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candy-striped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea quadrivittata is the inland subspecies of the candy-striped or red-banded leafhopper, distinguished from the coastal nominate subspecies G. c. coccinea by its slightly larger size and four-striped pattern. Adults display vivid scarlet and green longitudinal stripes on the dorsal surface, making them among the most visually striking leafhoppers in North America. This subspecies is a generalist feeder on plant xylem sap and is known to vector Pierce's Disease, a bacterial pathogen lethal to grapevines and other woody plants.
Graphocephala confluens
Willow Leafhopper
A sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, Graphocephala confluens is a western North American species closely related to the more widely known candy-striped leafhopper (G. coccinea). Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic brochosome coating that makes leafhoppers superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is associated with willow and other woody plants in riparian and wetland habitats.
Graphocephala constricta
Graphocephala constricta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. As a member of the genus Graphocephala, it shares the distinctive colorful patterning characteristic of sharpshooters in this group. The species is documented from a limited number of observations in the south-central United States. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it possesses brochosomes—specialized nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle.
Graphocephala cythura
Graphocephala cythura is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by its membership in a genus known for brightly colored and patterned sharpshooters. Like other Graphocephala species, it possesses brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton. The species occurs in western North America and has been introduced to Hawaii.