Tortricidae
Guides
Anopina
Anopina is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Cochylini. The genus was erected by Obraztsov in 1962 and contains approximately 70 described species, most of which were described by Brown & Powell in a 2000 revision. Species are distributed primarily in North and Central America, with many endemic to Mexico. The genus is characterized by distinctive genitalic morphology, particularly in the male valvae.
Anopina arizonana
Anopina arizonana is a small tortricid moth first described by Lord Walsingham in 1884. It has a wingspan of approximately 16 mm. The species is native to western North America, with a range extending from southern interior British Columbia and Alberta south to Arizona.
Anopina eleonora
Anopina eleonora is a small tortricid moth described by Obraztsov in 1962. It occurs in the southwestern United States across four states. The species is characterized by forewings measuring 7–8 mm in length. Like other members of the genus Anopina, it belongs to the tribe Cochylini within the subfamily Tortricinae.
Aphelia gregalis
Aphelia gregalis is a small tortricid moth described by Razowski in 1981. The species is known from Alaska, representing a northern distribution within the genus Aphelia. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 21 mm. As a member of the tribe Archipini, it belongs to a diverse group of leafroller moths, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Aphelia septentrionalis
Aphelia septentrionalis is a species of tortricid moth described by Obraztsov in 1959. It belongs to the tribe Archipini within the subfamily Tortricinae. The species is known from a single geographic record in Alaska, representing a northern distribution within the genus Aphelia.
Apotomis
Apotomis is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus comprises approximately 17 Nearctic species and additional Palearctic species, with recent taxonomic revisions recognizing new species and establishing synonymies. One well-documented species, A. turbidana (White-shouldered Marble), exhibits cryptic bird-dropping coloration and has been sequenced as part of the Darwin Tree of Life Project.
Apotomis funerea
Funereal Apotomis Moth
Apotomis funerea is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae. Described by Edward Meyrick in 1920 from a basionym of Argyroploce funerea, this species occurs in boreal and temperate regions of North America. The common name "Funereal Apotomis Moth" reflects its dark, somber coloration. Like other members of genus Apotomis, it is associated with coniferous or mixed forest habitats where larval host plants occur.
Apotomis paludicolana
Apotomis paludicolana is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, described by Brower in 1953. The specific epithet paludicolana suggests association with marsh or wetland habitats. Members of the genus Apotomis are generally small moths with distinctive wing patterns. This species is poorly documented in public sources, with minimal observational records available.
Apotomops
Apotomops is a genus of tortricid moths established by Powell & Obraztsov in 1986. The genus contains seven described species distributed primarily in the Americas, ranging from the southwestern United States through Central America to South America. Species were described between 1907 and 2008, with several added by Razowski and colleagues based on specimens from Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Texas. The genus belongs to the tribe Cochylini within the subfamily Tortricinae.
Archipini
Archipini is the largest tribe in the Tortricinae subfamily, comprising over 1,600 described species across approximately 150 genera. Members are found in all ecoregions globally, though with notably reduced diversity in the Neotropical realm. The tribe contains numerous economically significant agricultural and forestry pests, including the light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) and spruce budworms (Choristoneura species). Larvae are frequently polyphagous. Phylogenetic evidence supports an Australasian origin for the tribe.
Archips
Leafroller moths
Archips is a genus of leafroller moths in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae. The genus includes economically significant species whose larvae roll or tie leaves together with silk, feeding within these shelters. Some species are major agricultural and forestry pests, with larvae feeding on a wide range of host plants including trees and shrubs. The genus has been subject to taxonomic confusion, with misidentifications documented in regional faunistic records.
Archips cerasivorana
ugly-nest caterpillar moth
Archips cerasivorana, commonly known as the ugly-nest caterpillar moth, is a tortricid moth species distributed across North America from Alaska to North Carolina. The species is notable for its highly social larval behavior: caterpillars construct large communal silk nests by tying host plant leaves together, and they communicate through trail-following pheromones released from their spinnerets. Adults display distinctive orange forewings with silvery bars and a wingspan of 20–25 mm. The species has one generation per year, with adults active from July to September.
Archips dissitana
Boldly-marked Archips Moth
Archips dissitana, commonly known as the Boldly-marked Archips Moth, is a tortricid moth species distributed across boreal forests of North America from Alberta to Nova Scotia, extending south to Minnesota and North Carolina in the Appalachian Mountains. The species was first described by Grote in 1879 as Tortrix dissitana and later transferred to the genus Archips. As a member of the leafroller moth genus Archips, its larvae likely feed on woody plants and construct characteristic rolled leaf shelters, though specific host associations for this species require further documentation.
Archips eleagnana
Archips eleagnana is a species of leafroller moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1923. It is native to North America, with records from the Canadian prairie provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan) and the western United States (Wyoming, New Mexico). The species inhabits prairies and montane areas. As a member of the genus Archips, its larvae are leafrollers that feed within sheltering leaf structures. The basionym Cacoecia eleagnana reflects its historical placement in a different genus before reclassification to Archips.
Archips georgiana
Georgia Archips Moth
Archips georgiana is a tortricid moth commonly known as the Georgia Archips Moth. It occurs in the eastern and southeastern United States, with records from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas. The species belongs to a genus whose larvae are known as leafrollers, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented. It was originally described by Walker in 1863 under the name Retinia georgiana.
Archips goyerana
baldcypress leafroller, BCLR
Archips goyerana, the baldcypress leafroller, is a tortricid moth native to the Gulf Coast region of the United States. The species has undergone significant range expansion since 1983, spreading from forested wetlands in southern Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi. Larvae are specialized herbivores of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) and have been identified as a serious pest of this tree species, particularly in restoration plantings.
Archips negundana
Larger Boxelder Leafroller Moth
Archips negundana, the larger boxelder leafroller moth, is a small tortricid moth native to North America. Adults are active in July and have a wingspan of 18–21 mm. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1902. Larvae are known to feed on boxelder (Acer negundo), nettle (Urtica), and honeysuckle (Lonicera), rolling leaves for shelter.
Archips purpurana
omnivorous leafroller moth
Archips purpurana, commonly known as the omnivorous leafroller moth, is a tortricid moth species described by Clemens in 1865. The species is notable for its leafrolling larval behavior, where caterpillars bind leaves together with silk to form shelters. It has been recorded as a host for the mason wasp Ancistrocerus unifasciatus, which exploits the caterpillar's escape response to capture it. The species occurs widely across eastern North America.
Archips semiferanus
Oak Leafroller Moth, Oak Leaf Roller, Oak Leafroller
Archips semiferanus is a tortricid moth whose larvae are major defoliators of oak trees in eastern North America. The species produces one generation annually, with eggs laid in July, overwintering, and hatching the following spring. Larvae roll oak leaves with silk to form shelters, feeding inside until pupation in June. Outbreaks can cause extensive tree mortality, with over one million acres defoliated in Pennsylvania during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The female sex pheromone has been studied extensively and contains (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate as a primary component.
Archips xylosteana
variegated golden tortrix, brown oak tortrix
Archips xylosteana is a medium-sized tortricid moth native to the Palearctic region, with a wingspan of 14–23 mm. The species exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism in size, with females typically larger than males. Forewings are broad and roughly rectangular, displaying variable coloration from yellow-brown to pinkish brown with dark reddish-brown markings. This univoltine species is a polyphagous leafroller, with larvae feeding on numerous deciduous trees and shrubs.
Argyrotaenia
leafroller moths
Argyrotaenia is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Stephens in 1852. The genus includes species commonly known as leafroller moths due to the larval habit of rolling or folding leaves for shelter. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, particularly in orchards. The genus has a primarily New World distribution, with species ranging from North America through Central and South America, and has been recorded as far south as Argentina and Chile. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism in wing pattern and size.
Argyrotaenia amatana
pondapple leafroller moth
Argyrotaenia amatana is a small tortricid moth precinctive to Florida and The Bahamas. Adults have a wingspan of 13–16 mm and have been recorded active nearly year-round, with peak activity from October through April. The species is associated with native Florida vegetation in scrub and wetland habitats.
Argyrotaenia burroughsi
Argyrotaenia burroughsi is a species of tortricid moth described by Obraztsov in 1961. It is known from a limited geographic range in the southwestern United States. Adult flight activity occurs in early spring and mid-summer. Like other members of the genus Argyrotaenia, it is presumed to be a leafroller moth, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented.
Argyrotaenia coconinana
Argyrotaenia coconinana is a tortricid moth described in 2000 from the southwestern United States. The species is named for Coconino County, Arizona, where it was first collected. Adults are active during early summer, with forewing lengths of 11–13 mm in males and 11–12 mm in females. The species belongs to a genus commonly known as leafroller moths, though specific life history details for this species remain undocumented.
Argyrotaenia cupressae
Argyrotaenia cupressae is a small tortricid moth endemic to California. Adults fly from May through September and have a wingspan of approximately 18–19 mm. The species is notable for its specialized larval diet on cypresses, junipers, and coast redwood.
Argyrotaenia floridana
Florida Leafroller
Argyrotaenia floridana is a small tortricid moth distributed across the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Males have forewings measuring 5.5 mm, while females are larger at 7.5–9 mm. Adults are active year-round, an unusual trait among temperate tortricids. The species was described by Obraztsov in 1961.
Argyrotaenia franciscana
orange tortrix, apple skinworm
Argyrotaenia franciscana, commonly known as the orange tortrix or apple skinworm, is a moth in the family Tortricidae. It is native to the Pacific Coast of North America, ranging from California north through Oregon to Washington. The species has forewings measuring 5.6–9.9 mm in length. It produces at least two generations per year, with the potential for additional generations depending on local conditions.
Argyrotaenia graceana
Argyrotaenia graceana is a small moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Powell in 1960. The species is restricted to the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Adults are active during mid-summer, with flight records from July to August.
Argyrotaenia hodgesi
Hodges' Leafroller Moth
Argyrotaenia hodgesi is a small tortricid moth species described by Heppner in 1989. It occurs in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. The species is named in honor of lepidopterist Ronald B. Hodges. Adults are active in mid-summer, with forewing lengths showing moderate sexual dimorphism.
Argyrotaenia ivana
Ivana leafroller moth
Argyrotaenia ivana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 12–16 mm, found in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Adults are active nearly year-round, and the larvae feed on a broad range of host plants spanning multiple families, including Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Rosaceae.
Argyrotaenia kimballi
Kimball's Leafroller Moth
Argyrotaenia kimballi is a small tortricid moth native to the southeastern and south-central United States. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 16–20 mm and have been recorded in flight throughout the year. The species was described by Obraztsov in 1961 and is named in honor of an individual with the surname Kimball.
Argyrotaenia klotsi
Argyrotaenia klotsi is a species of tortricid moth described by Obraztsov in 1961. It is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona, New Mexico, and California. Adults have forewings measuring 8–9.5 mm and are active during summer months. Like other members of the genus Argyrotaenia, it is a leafroller moth, though specific larval host plants for this species have not been documented.
Argyrotaenia mariana
gray-banded leafroller moth
Argyrotaenia mariana is a small tortricid moth known as the gray-banded leafroller moth. The species occurs across eastern and central North America, with adults active from spring through summer. Larvae feed on a diverse array of woody plants including maples, birches, oaks, apples, and blueberries. The species was first described by Fernald in 1882 under the name Lophoderus mariana.
Argyrotaenia martini
Argyrotaenia martini is a small tortricid moth described by Powell in 1960. It is known only from Arizona, where adults have been recorded in mid-summer. The species belongs to a genus containing several economically important leafroller moths, though specific information about this species' biology remains limited.
Argyrotaenia niscana
Argyrotaenia niscana is a small tortricid moth species found in the western and southern United States. Adults have a wingspan of 14–16 mm and are active during spring, summer, and early autumn. The larvae feed exclusively on Adenostoma species, particularly chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), a chaparral shrub.
Argyrotaenia paiuteana
Argyrotaenia paiuteana is a small tortricid moth described by Powell in 1960. It is known only from California, where adults fly from May through August. The species is associated with coniferous hosts, with larvae feeding on singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis).
Argyrotaenia pinatubana
Pine Tube Moth
The Pine Tube Moth is a small tortricid moth native to eastern North America. Its larvae feed primarily on eastern white pine, constructing distinctive tube-like shelters by binding needles together with silk. The species produces two generations annually and is an occasional pest in pine plantations and Christmas tree farms.
Argyrotaenia quercifoliana
Yellow-winged Oak Leafroller Moth
Argyrotaenia quercifoliana, the yellow-winged oak leafroller moth, is a small tortricid moth found in eastern North America. Adults fly from May to July and are attracted to light. The species is associated with oak and witch-hazel, with larvae feeding on leaves of these host plants. It is one of numerous leafroller moths in the genus Argyrotaenia, many of which are economically significant orchard pests.
Ascogaster
Ascogaster is a genus of braconid wasps comprising egg-larval endoparasitoids that attack tortricid moth pests. Females oviposit into host eggs, and developing wasp larvae consume host reproductive organs—a process termed host castration—before eventually killing the host. This developmental strategy redirects host resources from reproduction to somatic growth, increasing host size and improving conditions for parasitoid development. Several species have been studied for biological control applications, particularly against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and smaller tea tortrix (Adoxophyes spp.).
Aspila
Aspila is a junior synonym of Grapholita, a genus of tortrix moths in the family Tortricidae. The name was established by Stephens in 1834 but has been synonymized under Grapholita, which is the type genus of the tribe Grapholitini within the subfamily Olethreutinae. Specimens historically identified under Aspila are now classified within Grapholita.
Aspila molesta
Oriental Fruit Moth
Aspila molesta, commonly known as the Oriental Fruit Moth, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. It is a known agricultural pest whose larvae feed on fruit trees. The species has been documented through iNaturalist observations, indicating established populations in areas where it occurs.
Aspila prunivora
Lesser Appleworm Moth
Aspila prunivora, commonly known as the Lesser Appleworm Moth, is a small tortricid moth. It is primarily known as a pest of apple and related fruit trees, with larvae feeding internally on developing fruits. The species has been documented at blacklighting events in California, indicating nocturnal adult activity.
Aterpia approximana
Aterpia approximana is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae. Originally described as Olethreutes approximana by Heinrich in 1919, it was later transferred to the genus Aterpia. The species is known from limited collection records in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. Like other members of Olethreutinae, adults are likely small to medium-sized moths with characteristic tortricid wing posture at rest.
Atroposia oenotherana
Primrose Cochylid Moth
Atroposia oenotherana, the Primrose Cochylid Moth, is a small tortricid moth in the tribe Cochylini. The species was originally described by Riley in 1881 as Conchylis oenotherana, and has since been transferred to the genus Atroposia. It is known from North America and has been documented in 615 iNaturalist observations.
Atteriini
Atteriini is a tribe of tortrix moths within the subfamily Tortricinae, established by Busck in 1932. The tribe comprises eight recognized genera distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Atteriini is part of the diverse family Tortricidae, which includes many economically important leafroller moths.
Bactra
nutsedge borers
Bactra is a genus of small tortricid moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) comprising species primarily associated with sedges and nutsedges (Cyperus species). Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for weedy nutsedges, particularly purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Some species have expanded their host range to agricultural crops, with Bactra bactrana documented as a pest of sweet pepper in Greece. The genus occurs across temperate and tropical regions including Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia.
Bactra furfurana
mottled marble
Bactra furfurana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 13–19 mm, found across the Nearctic and Palearctic realms. Adults fly in June and July in damp marshy habitats. The larvae are stem-borers in rushes, feeding internally on Schoenoplectus lacustris and Juncus conglomeratus. The species closely resembles Bactra lancealana but can be distinguished by subtle wing shape and pattern differences.
Bactra lancealana
Black-blotched Bactra Moth
Bactra lancealana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 11–20 mm, distributed across Europe. Adults are active from May to October. Larvae feed primarily on rushes in the genera Juncus and Scirpus. The species is morphologically similar to Bactra furfurana, requiring careful examination for identification.
Bactra verutana
javelin moth
Bactra verutana, commonly known as the javelin moth, is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 11–17 mm. It has a broad distribution spanning North America, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and parts of Africa. The species is notable as an indigenous biological control agent for weedy nutsedges (Cyperus species), particularly purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus). Larval feeding damages leaves, fascicles, basal bulbs, tubers, and inflorescences of host plants, reducing both vegetative and sexual reproduction.
Barbara
Barbara is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Eucosmini. The genus was established by Heinrich in 1923. These are small moths, typically with wingspans under 20 mm, belonging to a large family of tortrix or leafroller moths. Members of this genus are found in North America, with records from the northeastern United States including Vermont. The genus is part of a diverse group of microlepidoptera whose larvae often feed internally in plant tissues.