Tortricidae
Guides
Cacocharis
Cacocharis is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Walsingham in 1892. The genus is Neotropical in distribution and contains at least three described species. A taxonomic review published in 2007 addressed synonymy and documented host plant associations.
Cacocharis cymotoma
Cacocharis cymotoma is a species of tortricid moth described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It belongs to the genus Cacocharis, a small group within the subfamily Olethreutinae. The species was originally described under the basionym Argyroploce cymotoma. Like other members of Tortricidae, it is a small moth with characteristic wing patterns and resting posture.
Cacoecimorpha
carnation tortrix moths
Cacoecimorpha is a monotypic moth genus in the family Tortricidae, established by Obraztsov in 1954. The genus contains a single species, Cacoecimorpha pronubana, commonly known as the carnation tortrix. This species is a highly polyphagous pest of horticultural and agricultural significance, native to the Mediterranean region but now widespread across Europe, North Africa, and introduced to North America. The genus is classified within the tribe Archipini of the subfamily Tortricinae.
Cagiva
Cagiva is a genus of tortricid moths (family Tortricidae) described by Pogue in 1990. It is currently treated as a synonym of the genus Cochylimorpha. The genus was established within the tribe Cochylini, subfamily Tortricinae. Records associated with this name originate from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Catastega plicata
Catastega plicata is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, described by Brown in 1992. The species belongs to the genus Catastega, which is classified within the tribe Eucosmini. As a member of the large and diverse family Tortricidae, this species is part of a group commonly known as leafroller moths, though specific ecological details for C. plicata remain poorly documented. The genus name Catastega derives from Greek roots, while the specific epithet "plicata" refers to a folded or pleated characteristic, likely alluding to wing morphology.
Catastega timidella
Oak Trumpet Skeletonizer Moth
Catastega timidella is a small tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini. The common name references larval feeding behavior that produces distinctive trumpet-shaped shelters on oak leaves. Records indicate a transcontinental distribution across northern North America. Adult moths are active during summer months.
Celypha cespitana
Celypha Moth
Celypha cespitana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of approximately 15 mm, distributed across the Palearctic and Nearctic realms. The species exhibits variable forewing coloration ranging from silvery-white to ochreous, greyish, or reddish tones with distinctive dark markings. Adults are active from late May through September in western Europe. The larvae feed on herbaceous plants, though specific host associations remain incompletely documented.
Cenopis
Cenopis is a genus of tortrix moths in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae, and tribe Sparganothini. The genus was established by Zeller in 1875 and contains multiple species distributed primarily in North America. These moths are small to medium-sized with characteristic tortricid wing posture at rest.
Cenopis cana
Gray Cenopis Moth, gray sparganothis moth
Cenopis cana is a tortricid moth found across eastern and central North America. The species was originally described by Robinson in 1869 and has undergone taxonomic revision, previously placed in the genus Sparganothis. It is one of multiple Cenopis species in North America. Available records indicate broad geographic distribution spanning the United States and Canada, with observations from 47 iNaturalist records contributing to current knowledge of its range.
Cenopis diluticostana
Cenopis diluticostana is a species of tortrix moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Walsingham in 1879. It belongs to the tribe Sparganothini within the subfamily Tortricinae. Very little published information exists on its biology or ecology.
Cenopis mesospila
White-tailed Fruitworm, White-tailed Fruitworm Moth
A tortricid moth of eastern North America, historically classified under Sparganothis but now placed in Cenopis. Adults are small moths with distinctive patterning. The common name references both the adult's appearance and its larval association with fruit.
Chimoptesis
Chimoptesis is a genus of tortricid moths established by Powell in 1964, placed in the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Eucosmini. The genus contains four described species distributed in North America. Larvae of at least one species have been associated with oaks (Quercus).
Chimoptesis gerulae
Carrier Moth
Chimoptesis gerulae is a species of tortricid moth in the tribe Eucosmini. It is commonly known as the Carrier Moth. The species was described by Heinrich in 1923 and is currently accepted as valid. Based on iNaturalist records, it has been documented in at least 561 observations, suggesting it is not uncommon within its range.
Choristoneura
spruce budworms
Choristoneura is a genus of tortricid moths comprising nearly forty species distributed across North America and Eurasia. Most species are serious pests of conifers, with several causing major forest defoliation events. The genus includes notable forest pests such as the eastern spruce budworm (C. fumiferana) and western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), which undergo periodic population outbreaks that can devastate spruce-fir forests. The genus exhibits complex population dynamics and is extensively studied for its economic and ecological impacts.
Choristoneura albaniana
Choristoneura albaniana is a tortricid moth first described by Francis Walker in 1863. The species occurs across boreal and montane regions of North America and the northern Palearctic. Larvae feed on Prunus pennsylvanica (pin cherry) and Larix species (larches), making it a conifer and hardwood specialist within its genus.
Choristoneura argentifasciata
Choristoneura argentifasciata is a small tortricid moth described by Heppner in 1989. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in forewing length, with males measuring 6–7 mm and females 7.4–8.2 mm. Adults are active from March through August. The species name refers to the silver banding pattern on the wings.
Choristoneura carnana
Choristoneura carnana is a species of tortricid moth first described from the western United States in 1920. It is a conifer-feeding specialist with documented larval associations with fir and Douglas-fir species. The species exhibits a relatively broad adult flight period spanning late spring through summer. Two subspecies are recognized, differing in geographic distribution within the species' range.
Choristoneura fumiferana
eastern spruce budworm, spruce budworm
Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm, is a tortricid moth native to eastern North America and the most destructive forest insect in the region's spruce-fir forests. The species exhibits dramatic population oscillations with outbreaks occurring approximately every 30–40 years, during which larvae defoliate millions of hectares of host trees. These cycles have been documented since at least the 16th century through tree-ring studies. The species serves as a critical food source for specialized avian predators during outbreak phases and has been the subject of extensive research into population dynamics and forest pest management.
Choristoneura lambertiana
sugar pine tortrix, sugar pine tortrix moth
Choristoneura lambertiana, commonly known as the sugar pine tortrix, is a tortricid moth native to western North America. The species exhibits pronounced host-specific variation across its range, with three recognized subspecies each associated with different pine hosts: C. l. lambertiana on sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), C. l. ponderosana on ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) and limber pine (P. flexilis), and C. l. subretiniana on lodgepole pine (P. contorta) and Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi). Populations have been documented as outbreak defoliators of lodgepole pine in Idaho and Montana during the mid-to-late 1960s.
Choristoneura orae
spruce budworm
Choristoneura orae is a small tortricid moth found in North America, commonly known as the spruce budworm. The species has a wingspan of approximately 24 mm. Larvae feed on Picea (spruce) species. It belongs to the genus Choristoneura, which includes several economically important forest pests.
Choristoneura parallela
parallel-banded leafroller moth
Choristoneura parallela, commonly known as the parallel-banded leafroller moth, is a tortricid moth distributed across eastern and central North America. Adults are active from March through October, with a wingspan of 21–23 mm. The larvae feed on a diverse range of host plants including goldenrod, blueberry, rose, citrus, and various other woody and herbaceous species.
Choristoneura pinus
jack pine budworm, Jack Pine Budworm Moth
Choristoneura pinus, the jack pine budworm, is a tortricid moth native to North American jack pine forests. First described by Freeman in 1953, this species undergoes periodic population outbreaks that defoliate Pinus banksiana stands across Canada and the northern United States. Larval survival depends critically on the availability of pollen cones during spring dispersal. The species exhibits lagged density-dependent dynamics with its host tree, contributing to outbreak cycles of 6–12 year intervals.
Choristoneura spaldingiana
Choristoneura spaldingiana is a species of leafroller moth in the family Tortricidae. The genus Choristoneura includes several economically significant conifer-feeding species, most notably the spruce budworm (C. fumiferana), a major forest pest in North America. While specific details about C. spaldingiana remain sparse in the provided sources, congeners in this genus are known for caterpillars that feed on conifer foliage and display characteristic leaf-rolling behaviors for shelter.
Choristoneura zapulata
Zapulata Moth
Choristoneura zapulata, commonly known as the zapulata moth, is a species of tortricid moth first described by Robinson in 1869. It occurs across much of North America, from British Columbia to Quebec and southward to California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. The species has a wingspan of 20–27 mm and is active as an adult from May through September. Its larvae feed on a diverse array of woody and herbaceous plants.
Clepsis
Garden Tortrix Moth (C. peritana), Banded Ivy Tortrix (C. dumicolana)
Clepsis is a genus of tortricid moths established by Guenée in 1845. The genus includes several economically significant pest species, most notably Clepsis peritana (Garden Tortrix) and Clepsis dumicolana (Banded Ivy Tortrix). Members are characterized by leaf-rolling larval behavior, where caterpillars spin together leaves to create protective shelters. The genus has a broad geographic distribution spanning North America, Europe, and parts of Asia.
Clepsis anderslaneyii
Clepsis anderslaneyii is a small tortricid moth described in 2009 from montane regions of southeastern Arizona. The species is known from three mountain ranges at elevations between 1,490 and 1,770 meters. Adults fly during summer months, with records from July to August. The species name honors the marriage of Sara Anderson and Malcolm Slaney.
Clepsis danilevskyi
Clepsis danilevskyi is a small tortricid moth described by Kostyuk in 1973. The species is known from a restricted distribution spanning northern European Russia, the Mongun-Taiga region of Siberia, and Alaska. Adults are active in July and possess a wingspan of 18–23 mm. The specific epithet honors Professor Alexsandr Sergeevich Danilevskii.
Clepsis fucana
Clepsis fucana is a species of leafroller moth in the family Tortricidae, distributed along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to California. The species is characterized by forewings measuring 6.4–10.6 mm in length. As a member of the genus Clepsis, it shares the typical tortricid resting posture with wings held roof-like over the body.
Clepsis kearfotti
Clepsis kearfotti is a species of tortricid moth described by Obraztsov in 1962. The species is named in honor of William Dunham Kearfott, an American entomologist. It belongs to the leafroller moth family Tortricidae, a large group of small moths whose larvae typically roll or fold leaves for shelter. Documented records are limited to Alaska and Alberta in North America.
Clepsis melaleucanus
Black-patched Clepsis Moth
Clepsis melaleucanus, the black-patched clepsis, is a tortricid moth species distributed across northern and eastern North America. As a member of the leafroller moth family Tortricidae, it shares the characteristic larval behavior of rolling or folding leaves to create shelters. The species has been recorded from Alberta to Newfoundland, extending south to North Carolina and Missouri. It is attracted to ultraviolet light sources, making it a regular visitor at moth observation events.
Clepsis penetralis
Clepsis penetralis is a small tortricid moth described by Razowski in 1979. It occurs in western and northeastern North America, with records from Utah, Colorado, Vermont, Washington, and southern Canada including Alberta. Adults are active from late June through early September. The species belongs to a genus whose larvae typically roll or tie leaves for shelter.
Cochylichroa arthuri
Arthur's sunflower moth
Cochylichroa arthuri is a small tortricid moth commonly known as Arthur's sunflower moth. It was transferred from the genus Cochylis to the redefined genus Cochylichroa in 2019 based on phylogenetic analysis. The species is a specialist feeder on sunflower seeds and has a restricted North American distribution centered on the Great Plains and adjacent regions.
Cochylichroa avita
Cochylichroa avita is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae. It was originally described as Cochylis avita by Razowski in 1997, but was transferred to the redefined genus Cochylichroa in 2019 based on phylogenetic analysis. The species is known from limited records in the eastern United States and Canada.
Cochylichroa hospes
Banded Sunflower Moth
A small tortricid moth native to North America, the banded sunflower moth is a significant pest of cultivated sunflowers. Adults are active in mid-summer and are attracted to sunflower heads at twilight for egg-laying. The species was transferred from the genus Cochylis to the redefined genus Cochylichroa in 2019 based on phylogenetic analysis.
Cochylichroa temerana
Cochylichroa temerana is a small tortricid moth native to eastern North America. The species was transferred from the genus Cochylis to the redefined genus Cochylichroa in 2019 based on phylogenetic analysis. Adults are active from early spring through mid-summer. It has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the northeastern United States, Great Lakes region, and southeastern Canada.
Cochylina-unplaced
Cochylina is a genus of tortrix moths within the family Tortricidae, tribe Cochylini. Species currently assigned to this genus have not been definitively placed to species due to taxonomic uncertainty or insufficient diagnostic material. These are small moths generally associated with herbaceous vegetation. The genus requires further revision to clarify species boundaries.
Cochylis
Cochylis is a genus of leafroller moths in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae. Species are distributed across the Holarctic, Oriental, and Neotropical regions. In the Palaearctic, members exhibit one or two generations annually with larval overwintering. Larvae are oligophagous, feeding primarily on Asteraceae. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision; in 2019, eight species were moved to the redefined genus Cochylichroa based on phylogenetic analysis.
Cochylis carmelana
Cochylis carmelana is a small tortricid moth species described in 1907. It is known only from coastal California in the United States. Adults are active in early spring, with records from February and April. The species appears to be narrowly distributed and poorly studied, with basic biological details remaining unknown.
Colpotrochia fultoni
Colpotrochia fultoni is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Metopiinae, first described by Townes & Townes in 1959. Like other members of its genus, it is a parasitoid that develops inside caterpillar hosts. The species is part of a North American genus with four recognized species, all restricted to the eastern United States ranging from the Atlantic coast to just west of the Mississippi River.
Colpotrochia trifasciata
A small ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Metopiinae, averaging 6-10 millimeters in body length. Females possess a very short ovipositor used to lay eggs in caterpillars, particularly leafrollers in the family Tortricidae. The wasp larva develops inside the host, consuming it without disrupting the caterpillar's life cycle until after it pupates; an adult wasp emerges from the host pupa rather than a moth. One of two Colpotrochia species recorded in Massachusetts, with a range extending from the Atlantic coast to barely west of the Mississippi River.
Corticivora clarki
Corticivora clarki is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, first described by Clarke in 1951. It belongs to the genus Corticivora, which is part of the tribe Grapholitini. The species has been recorded from Vermont in the northeastern United States. Like other members of Tortricidae, it is a small moth with characteristic bell-shaped resting posture. Specific biological details regarding its host plants, life history, and ecological role remain poorly documented in available literature.
Corticivora parva
Bronze-banded Corticivora Moth
Corticivora parva is a small moth species in the family Tortricidae, first described by Brown in 1984. It is commonly known as the Bronze-banded Corticivora Moth. The species belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Grapholitini, a group that includes many economically important fruit pests. As a member of the diverse tortricid fauna, C. parva contributes to the rich lepidopteran biodiversity documented in entomological collections and citizen science platforms.
Crocidosema
Crocidosema is a genus of tortrix moths in the family Tortricidae, tribe Eucosmini, subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus contains approximately 29 described species, distributed primarily in the Southern Hemisphere with particular abundance in the Neotropics. Some species occur in other regions, including the Hawaiian Islands. The genus includes both agricultural pests and species used in biological control.
Crocidosema aporema
bean shoot moth
Crocidosema aporema is a Neotropical tortricid moth and significant agricultural pest of legumes, particularly soybean, in the southern cone of South America. The species originated in Central America and has spread throughout South America, where it causes economic damage by larval feeding on vegetative plant parts, flowers, and developing seeds. Adults are nocturnal, with females exhibiting characteristic calling behavior during the scotophase to attract mates. The species is monoandrous and has been subject to increasing study due to its pest status and the need for integrated pest management strategies.
Crocidosema lantana
Lantana Flower-Cluster Moth, Lantana Tortricid Moth
Crocidosema lantana is a tortricid moth native to Mexico and the southern United States, deliberately introduced to Hawaii (1902), Australia (1914), and the Caroline Islands (1948–1949) as a biological control agent for invasive Lantana weeds. The species has also been recorded in Yunnan, China and Sri Lanka. It was first described by August Busck in 1910. The larvae develop within pods of Bignonia chrysantha.
Crocidosema perplexana
Crocidosema perplexana is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, and tribe Eucosmini. The species was described by Fernald in 1901. Like other members of the genus Crocidosema, it is likely associated with leguminous plants, though specific host records for this species appear limited in available literature. The genus includes several economically significant species, most notably the bean shoot moth (Crocidosema aporema), a major pest of soybean in South America.
Crocidosema plebejana-of-authors
Crocidosema plebejana-of-authors is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. The specific epithet 'plebejana-of-authors' indicates this is a name used in literature that requires taxonomic clarification, as it does not conform to standard nomenclatural conventions. The genus Crocidosema contains species associated with various host plants, though specific information for this particular name is limited.
Crocidosema unica
Crocidosema unica is a species of tortricid moth (family Tortricidae, subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Eucosmini) described by Heinrich in 1923. The species was originally described as Epinotia unica before being transferred to the genus Crocidosema. It belongs to a genus that includes several species associated with leguminous plants, including the economically significant bean shoot moth (Crocidosema aporema), a documented pest of soybean in South America.
Cryptaspasma bipenicilla
Cryptaspasma bipenicilla is a species of tortricid moth described by Brown & Brown in 2004. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae within the family Tortricidae, a large group of small moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species is part of the genus Cryptaspasma, which contains multiple species distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
Cybilla
Cybilla is a genus of tortricid moths described by Pogue in 1990. The genus is currently recognized as a synonym of Cochylimorpha, a larger genus within the tribe Cochylini. The taxonomic status remains contested in some databases, with Catalogue of Life listing it as a synonym while GBIF recognizes it as accepted. Species previously placed in Cybilla are small to medium-sized moths with characteristic tortricid wing patterns.