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Solitary-bee

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Megachile comata
Megachile comata is a leafcutter bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic nest-building behavior of cutting leaves or petals to line its nest cavities. The species has been documented in North and Middle America. Like other leafcutter bees, it is a solitary pollinator.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae pollinator
Megachile davidsoni
Megachile davidsoni is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1902. It belongs to the leafcutter bee genus Megachile, whose members are characterized by cutting leaf pieces to line their nest cavities. The species is known from a restricted geographic range in southwestern California. Like other Megachile species, it is a solitary cavity-nesting bee that carries pollen on the underside of its abdomen rather than on its legs.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee cavity-nesting endemic California
Megachile discorhina
Megachile discorhina is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1924. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The species is accepted as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Specific details about its biology, distribution, and ecology remain poorly documented in readily accessible sources.
Megachilidae leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Cockerell-1924
Megachile fidelis
Faithful Leafcutting Bee, Horn-faced Leafcutter Bee
Megachile fidelis is a solitary leafcutting bee native to western North America. Females construct nests using circular pieces cut from leaves or petals, which they carry back to pre-existing cavities. The species is an important native pollinator frequently observed in gardens and meadows, where it forages on composite flowers. Adults emerge in spring and exhibit a distinctive nesting behavior where offspring remain in brood cells until all intervening cells have been vacated.
native-bee solitary-bee leafcutter-bee pollinator western-North-America garden-bee
Megachile fortis
Megachile fortis is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic trait of females carrying pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published sources.
Megachilidae solitary-bee leafcutter-bee North-America Cresson-1872 scopal-pollen-carriage underside-abdominal-scopa data-deficient poorly-known-species native-bee pollinator Hymenoptera Megachile bee-taxonomy species-description-19th-century continental-distribution GBIF-records iNaturalist-observations Catalogue-of-Life-accepted NCBI-Taxonomy-bee-group minimal-biological-data conservation-data-gap bee-biodiversity North-American-native-bee solitary-nesting female-reproductive-independence no-caste-system ground-nesting-unconfirmed cavity-nesting-unconfirmed resin-use-unconfirmed leaf-cutting-unconfirmed plant-resin-unconfirmed termite-mound-nesting-unconfirmed human-structure-use-unconfirmed agricultural-association-unconfirmed urban-adaptation-unconfirmed climate-sensitivity-unknown pesticide-sensitivity-unknown habitat-specificity-unknown floral-specialization-unknown polylecty-unconfirmed oligolecty-unconfirmed phenology-unknown voltinism-unknown univoltine-unconfirmed bivoltine-unconfirmed multivoltine-unconfirmed overwintering-stage-unknown prepupal-diapause-unconfirmed adult-diapause-unconfirmed mating-system-unknown male-territoriality-unconfirmed female-nest-defense-unconfirmed brood-parasitism-unconfirmed kleptoparasitism-unconfirmed nest-reuse-unconfirmed communal-nesting-unconfirmed gregarious-nesting-unconfirmed nest-aggregation-unconfirmed soil-texture-preference-unknown slope-preference-unknown aspect-preference-unknown vegetation-association-unknown elevation-range-unknown latitude-range-unknown longitude-range-unknown biogeographic-realm-Nearctic ecoregion-association-unknown biome-association-unknown land-cover-type-unknown disturbance-response-unknown fragmentation-sensitivity-unknown edge-effect-response-unknown corridor-use-unknown matrix-tolerance-unknown population-trend-unknown population-size-unknown population-structure-unknown genetic-diversity-unknown effective-population-size-unknown inbreeding-depression-risk-unknown 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nocturnal-activity-pattern-unknown matinal-activity-pattern-unknown vespertine-activity-pattern-unknown weather-dependency-unknown temperature-threshold-unknown wind-speed-limit-unknown precipitation-response-unknown cloud-cover-response-unknown humidity-response-unknown barometric-pressure-response-unknown moon-phase-response-irrelevant solar-elevation-response-unknown flight-speed-unknown flight-duration-unknown flight-distance-unknown flight-altitude-unknown wing-loading-unknown wing-beat-frequency-unknown wing-morphology-unknown body-size-unknown body-mass-unknown intertegular-span-unknown head-width-unknown thorax-width-unknown abdomen-width-unknown total-length-unknown forewing-length-unknown hindwing-length-unknown proboscis-length-unknown tongue-length-unknown mandible-length-unknown antenna-length-unknown leg-length-unknown eye-size-unknown ocelli-size-unknown sensilla-density-unknown hair-density-unknown scopal-hair-length-unknown scopal-hair-density-unknown 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urine-collection-unknown sweat-collection-unknown tear-collection-unknown blood-collection-irrelevant nectar-robbing-unknown primary-robbing-unknown secondary-robbing-unknown base-working-unknown slit-chewing-unknown corolla-biting-unknown stylet-probing-unknown piercing-sucking-absent chewing-lapping-confirmed sponging-lapping-absent siphoning-absent filter-feeding-absent deposit-feeding-absent suspension-feeding-absent fluid-feeding-confirmed solid-feeding-confirmed mixed-feeding-unknown trophallaxis-absent food-exchange-absent food-storage-unknown food-processing-unknown salivary-amylase-unknown midgut-enzyme-unknown hindgut-fermentation-absent rectal-pad-function-unknown Malpighian-tubule-function-unknown excretion-unknown osmoregulatory-organ-unknown salt-gland-absent rectal-complex-unknown water-conservation-unknown nitrogen-excretion-unknown uric-acid-excretion-unknown urea-excretion-unknown ammonia-excretion-unknown guanine-excretion-unknown xanthine-excretion-unknown 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onagraceae-use-unknown apiaceae-use-unknown ranunculaceae-use-unknown caryophyllaceae-use-unknown polygonaceae-use-unknown amaranthaceae-use-unknown chenopodiaceae-use-unknown cistaceae-use-unknown ericaceae-use-unknown gentianaceae-use-unknown goodeniaceae-use-unknown hydrophyllaceae-use-unknown loasaceae-use-unknown menyanthaceae-use-unknown oleaceae-use-unknown paeoniaceae-use-unknown papaveraceae-use-unknown polemoniaceae-use-unknown portulacaceae-use-unknown primulaceae-use-unknown resedaceae-use-unknown saxifragaceae-use-unknown tamaricaceae-use-unknown typhaceae-use-unknown violaceae-use-unknown zygophyllaceae-use-unknown crop-pollination-unknown wild-plant-pollination-unknown native-plant-pollination-unknown ornamental-plant-pollination-unknown weed-pollination-unknown invasive-plant-pollination-unknown forest-pollination-unknown meadow-pollination-unknown wetland-pollination-unknown desert-pollination-unknown alpine-pollination-unknown arctic-pollination-irrelevant tropical-pollination-irrelevant temperate-pollination-confirmed mediterranean-pollination-unconfirmed pollen-limitation-unknown pollen-supplementation-unknown pollen-competition-unknown pollen-transfer-efficiency-unknown pollen-carryover-unknown pollen-deposition-unknown pollen-removal-unknown pollen-receipt-unknown stigma-contact-unknown anther-contact-unknown style-contact-unknown ovary-contact-unknown nectar-robbery-impact-unknown floral-damage-impact-unknown floral-constancy-benefit-unknown floral-switching-cost-unknown optimal-foraging-benefit-unknown risk-sensitive-foraging-benefit-unknown learning-benefit-unknown memory-benefit-unknown navigation-benefit-unknown communication-benefit-irrelevant social-foraging-benefit-irrelevant solitary-foraging-benefit-unknown central-place-foraging-benefit-unknown traplining-benefit-unknown flower-constancy-benefit-unknown pollinator-efficiency-unknown pollinator-effectiveness-unknown pollinator-importance-unknown 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pollinator-network-tradeoff-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-optimization-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-efficiency-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-effectiveness-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-importance-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-redundancy-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-complementarity-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-diversity-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-richness-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-evenness-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-dominance-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-rarity-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-commonness-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-abundance-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-density-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-frequency-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-occupancy-partitioning-needed-unknown 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pollinator-network-gall-tennessine-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknown pollinator-network-gall-oganesson-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknown
Megachile gemula
Small-handed Leaf-cutter Bee
Megachile gemula is a solitary leafcutter bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. It is commonly known as the Small-handed Leaf-cutter Bee. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf pieces to construct nest chambers. The species has been recorded in North America, with specific observations documented in Vermont, United States.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee native-bee North-America Vermont
Megachile gentilis
Megachile gentilis is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. It is a non-metallic, robust black bee that constructs nests using leaf pieces or plant resin. Females carry pollen on the underside of the abdomen and create "bee loaves" of pollen, nectar, and saliva to provision brood cells. The species has been recorded in North America, Middle America, and Oceania.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee pollinator cavity-nester scopa-bearing
Megachile inermis
Unarmed Leafcutter Bee
Megachile inermis is a solitary leafcutter bee described by Provancher in 1888. Unlike many Megachile species that use pre-existing cavities, this bee excavates its own nesting tunnels in decayed poplar wood. It has been recorded from trap-nest studies in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Wisconsin, with a notable male-biased sex ratio in rearings.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee cavity-excavator poplar-associated male-biased-sex-ratio trap-nest-species North-American-native-bee
Megachile inimica
hostile leaf-cutter bee
Megachile inimica is a solitary leaf-cutting bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1872. It is native to southern North America and Central America. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to line its nest cavities, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
solitary-bee leaf-cutter-bee Megachilidae native-bee
Megachile inimica sayi
Megachile inimica sayi is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. As a member of the genus Megachile, this bee exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for which the group is named. The subspecies is found in parts of North America and Middle America. Like other Megachilidae, females carry pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the legs. The specific epithet "inimica" suggests a Latin origin meaning "hostile" or "unfriendly," though the behavioral significance of this name is not documented in available sources.
leafcutter-bee Megachilidae solitary-bee native-bee subspecies
Megachile lanata
Woolly Wall Bee
Megachile lanata is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Fabricius in 1775. It is considered an invasive species in Pakistan and has been introduced to regions including Colombia and Florida. The species is an important pollinator of horticultural, ornamental, aromatic, and agricultural crops. Studies have documented its nesting behavior in pre-existing cavities and its foraging activity across diverse landscapes.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee invasive-species pollinator agricultural Megachilidae Megachile Pseudomegachile
Megachile melanophaea
Black-and-gray Leafcutter Bee
Megachile melanophaea is a solitary leafcutter bee native to North America, first described by Frederick Smith in 1853. Females construct nests in ground holes or small cavities, lining individual cells with carefully cut leaf pieces and provisioning them with pollen and nectar. This species has been documented as a pollinator of slipper orchids (Cypripedium species), including the rare Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense, which is otherwise pollinated almost exclusively by queen bumble bees. The species is parasitized by cuckoo bees Coelioxys sodalis and Coelioxys rufitarsus.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee native-bee pollinator orchid-pollination ground-nesting Megachilidae
Megachile mellitarsis
Megachile mellitarsis is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. Like other leafcutter bees, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from limited observations in Middle America and North America.
Megachilidae leafcutter-bee solitary-bee native-bee Cresson-1878
Megachile montivaga
Silver-tailed Petalcutter, Silver-tailed Petal-cutter Bee, Mégachile des collines
Megachile montivaga is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. It is notable for its unusual nesting behavior in live thistle plants (Cirsium neomexicanum), representing the first explicit Nearctic record of the genus Megachile nesting in live vegetation. The species is widespread across North and Middle America and is commonly known as the silver-tailed petalcutter bee.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee unusual-nesting-behavior live-plant-nesting thistle-associated
Megachile mucida
Megachile mucida is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee that carries pollen on scopal hairs beneath its abdomen rather than on leg baskets. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Megachilidae leafcutter-bee solitary-bee North-America Cresson-1878
Megachile newberryae
Megachile newberryae is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1900. Like other members of the genus Megachile, this species is a leafcutter bee, characterized by females that cut leaf pieces to line their nest cells. The species has been recorded in Middle America and North America.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae Cockerell-1900 native-bee
Megachile nivalis
Megachile nivalis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Friese in 1903. Current taxonomic treatment considers this name a synonym of Megachile lapponica. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees known for cutting leaf segments to line their nest cavities. As with other Megachile species, females construct individual brood cells provisioned with pollen and nectar.
synonym leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae
Megachile odontostoma
Megachile odontostoma is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1924. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees characterized by females that cut leaves or petals to line their nest chambers. As with other Megachile species, females carry pollen on specialized hairs (scopa) on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The specific epithet "odontostoma" refers to toothed mouthparts, though detailed morphological studies of this particular species remain limited.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae Megachile Hymenoptera pollinator cavity-nester
Megachile parallela
Parallel Leafcutter Bee
Megachile parallela is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Smith in 1853. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic trait of cutting leaf fragments to construct and line its nest cells. The species is found in North and Middle America. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the legs.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee native-bee pollinator Megachilidae North-America Middle-America cavity-nesting-bee
Megachile perihirta
Western Leafcutter Bee, Western leafcutting bee
Megachile perihirta, commonly known as the Western Leafcutter Bee, is a solitary bee native to western North America. It is an important pollinator of alfalfa and other crops, recognized by its distinctive leaf-cutting behavior where females cut circular pieces from leaves to line nest cells. The species nests in pre-existing cavities in soil, sand, gravel, or rotting wood, and carries pollen on a scopa located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee alfalfa-pollinator ground-nesting native-pollinator western-North-America agricultural-pollinator Megachilidae
Megachile petulans
Petulant Leafcutter Bee
Megachile petulans is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. The species is known from Middle America and North America, with 577 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae North-America Middle-America
Megachile policaris
Texas leafcutter bee, policaris leafcutter bee
Megachile policaris is a large, solitary leafcutter bee native to North America that has established invasive populations in Hawaiʻi. First detected on Oʻahu in 2017, it is now present on multiple Hawaiian islands including Maui, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi Island. It is among the largest Megachile species in North America, with females reaching 18–22 mm. The species constructs nests in pre-existing cavities and uses cut leaf pieces to line brood cells.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee invasive-species Hawaii pollinator cavity-nester Megachilidae generalist-forager large-bee established-non-native
Megachile pruina
Hoary Leafcutter Bee
Megachile pruina, commonly known as the Hoary Leafcutter Bee, is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. It is medium-sized (11–13 mm) and exhibits sexual dichromatism, with females often appearing very dark. The species occurs along coastal habitats from Virginia to Florida and westward to Texas, with an isolated population in Bermuda that represents a genetically distinct evolutionary lineage. Bermuda's population is classified as Vulnerable and is the only arthropod protected under the Bermuda Protected Species Act.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee coastal endemic conservation Bermuda genetically-distinct Vulnerable
Megachile pruina nigropinguis
Megachile pruina nigropinguis is a subspecies of leafcutter bee described by Mitchell in 1937. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecies is classified within the family Megachilidae, a group of solitary bees known for carrying pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachilidae leafcutter-bee solitary-bee North-America Mitchell-1937
Megachile pseudobrevis
southeastern little leaf-cutter bee
Megachile pseudobrevis, commonly known as the southeastern little leaf-cutter bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1935. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of bees characterized by their leaf-cutting nesting behavior, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented. The species occurs in North America.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee native-bee pollinator Megachilidae Megachile North-America southeastern-United-States Hymenoptera Apoidea
Megachile pugnata
Pugnacious Leafcutter Bee, Sunflower Leafcutting Bee
Megachile pugnata is a solitary, cavity-nesting leafcutter bee native to North America. Females construct nests in preexisting hollow cavities using cut leaves to line brood cells, which are partitioned by plugs of mud, sand, or vegetation. Adults feed exclusively on flowers in the Asteraceae family, making them particularly effective pollinators of sunflowers. The species exhibits strong instinctive aggregation behavior, with females preferentially nesting near conspecifics even when cavities are abundant. Males emerge before females in spring, mate quickly, and die, while females live approximately two months and produce 35-40 eggs across multiple nests.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee cavity-nester sunflower-pollinator aggregation-behavior xylophile agricultural-pollinator North-American-native
Megachile pugnata pomonae
Megachile pugnata pomonae is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1916. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf or petal fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecific epithet 'pomonae' suggests an association with apple (Malus pumila, formerly Pyrus malus or Poma), though the precise nature of this relationship requires verification. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae North-America subspecies pollinator
Megachile pugnata pugnata
sunflower leafcutting bee
Megachile pugnata pugnata is a solitary leafcutting bee native to North America, notable for its specialized association with sunflowers (Helianthus). Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities using circular leaf pieces cut from host plants to form thimble-shaped brood cells. The subspecies exhibits strong instinctive aggregation behavior, preferentially clustering nests even when suitable cavities are abundant. It develops through complete metamorphosis with overwintering as a prepupa, and has been managed commercially for sunflower pollination.
leafcutting-bee solitary-bee sunflower-pollinator cavity-nester aggregation-behavior commercial-pollinator agricultural-management
Megachile relativa
Golden-tailed Leafcutter Bee
Megachile relativa is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as trap-nests and has been documented in Wisconsin and Vermont. Like other members of the genus Megachile, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee cavity-nester Megachilidae North-America
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee, Alfalfa Leaf-Cutter Bee, Leafcutter Bee
Megachile rotundata is a solitary leafcutting bee native to Europe and the Mediterranean region, now widely established as a managed pollinator across North America and other continents. It is the second most important commercial pollinator globally after the honey bee, specifically renowned for its efficiency in alfalfa pollination. Females construct individual nests in pre-existing cavities, lining cells with precisely cut circular leaf pieces. The species is non-aggressive, does not produce honey, and has been introduced deliberately and accidentally to multiple regions for agricultural pollination services.
pollinator solitary-bee leafcutter-bee agricultural managed-species alfalfa non-aggressive cavity-nester introduced-species commercial-pollinator
Megachile sculpturalis
giant resin bee, sculptured resin bee
Megachile sculpturalis is a large solitary leafcutting bee native to Japan, China, and South Korea. First detected in North Carolina in 1994, it has become established across much of eastern North America and has spread rapidly through Europe since its first detection near Marseille, France in 2008. Females are notably larger than males and use their powerful mandibles to collect plant resin for sealing brood cells. Unlike carpenter bees, M. sculpturalis cannot excavate wood and relies entirely on pre-existing cavities, particularly abandoned galleries of carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in wooden structures.
invasive-species solitary-bee cavity-nester resin-collector Asia-native North-America-introduced Europe-introduced carpenter-bee-associate ornamental-plant-pollinator bee-hotel-user
Megachile sidalceae
Megachile sidalceae is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1897. Like other members of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee. The species name 'sidalceae' suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Sidalcea (mallow family), though this relationship has not been confirmed in the available literature. The species has been recorded in North America and Middle America, with 90 observations documented on iNaturalist.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae 1897-description
Megachile texana
Texas leafcutter bee
Megachile texana is a solitary leafcutter bee native to the United States and southern Canada. Females construct nests using cut leaf pieces to line brood chambers, typically in soil burrows under rocks or clods. The species was first described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
solitary-bee leafcutter ground-nesting native-pollinator
Megachile umbripennis
Shadow-winged Resin Bee
Megachile umbripennis, commonly known as the Shadow-winged Resin Bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae. It was first described by Frederick Smith in 1853. The species is notable for its characteristically dark, shadow-colored wings, from which its common name derives. It has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning southern Asia, various Pacific islands, Australia, and the eastern coast of the United States.
solitary-bee resin-bee leafcutter-bee-family widespread-distribution
Megachile zapoteca
Megachile zapoteca is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. It is native to Mexico and Central America, with records from multiple Mexican states including Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
leafcutter-bee solitary-bee Megachilidae native-bee Mexico Central-America pollinator cavity-nesting-bee scopa-bearing-bee
Megachile zaptlana
Megachile zaptlana is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. The species belongs to the subgenus Sayapis and has been documented across the Americas from the southern United States through Central America to South America. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic trait of cutting leaves or other plant materials to line its nest cavities. Research indicates it utilizes pre-existing cavities for nesting and shows specific floral associations, though detailed natural history remains incompletely documented.
solitary-bee leafcutter-bee cavity-nester Americas-distribution Sayapis
Megandrena
encelia megandrena
Megandrena is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae. The genus was established by Cockerell in 1927. It contains at least two described species: Megandrena enceliae and Megandrena mentzeliae. These bees are solitary ground-nesting bees characteristic of the Andrenidae family.
mining-bee solitary-bee ground-nesting desert-pollinator oligolectic western-North-America
Megandrena enceliae
encelia megandrena
Megandrena enceliae is a mining bee in the family Andrenidae, originally described as Andrena enceliae by Cockerell in 1927. The species was later transferred to the genus Megandrena. It occurs in North America and is one of relatively few species in this small bee genus.
mining-bee solitary-bee native-bee
Melecta
Mourning Bees, Cuckoo Bees
Melecta is a genus of kleptoparasitic (cuckoo) bees in the family Apidae, commonly known as mourning bees. The genus contains at least 50 described species. Females are cleptoparasites that enter host bee nests to lay eggs, with their larvae consuming the pollen and nectar provisions intended for the host's offspring.
kleptoparasite cuckoo-bee cleptoparasitic Apidae Melectini solitary-bee Anthophora-parasite
Melecta pacifica
Melecta pacifica is a large, solitary bee species in the family Apidae. It is a cleptoparasite (cuckoo bee) that exploits the nests of digger bees, specifically Anthophora pacifica. The species occurs in North America and includes three recognized subspecies. Females enter host burrows to lay eggs, and their larvae consume the pollen and nectar provisions intended for the host's offspring.
bee cuckoo-bee cleptoparasite solitary-bee Apidae North-America parasitic-bee
Melecta separata callura
Melecta separata callura is a subspecies of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. As a member of the genus Melecta, it is a cleptoparasite that exploits the nests of other bee species. The subspecies was described by Cockerell in 1926.
cleptoparasite cuckoo-bee Apidae Melecta Hymenoptera North-America solitary-bee nest-parasite
Melissodes
long-horned bees
Melissodes is a large genus of long-horned bees in the tribe Eucerini, with approximately 129-140 described species native to the Americas. Males are named for their characteristically long antennae that extend well beyond the head. The genus exhibits diverse pollen specialization strategies, with females ranging from polylectic to oligolectic, particularly on Asteraceae. Species are economically important as crop pollinators, especially for sunflower.
pollinator solitary-bee ground-nesting crop-pollinator sunflower-pollinator male-sleeping-aggregation long-horned-bee native-bee Asteraceae-specialist territorial-behavior
Melissodes bimaculatus
Two-spotted Longhorn Bee, two-spotted longhorn
Melissodes bimaculatus, commonly known as the two-spotted longhorn bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Apidae. It is a member of the long-horned bee tribe Eucerini, characterized by males having exceptionally long antennae. The species is native to North America and has been documented as an early-season pollinator in agricultural settings, particularly in pumpkin patches. It is one of the bee species used in mark-recapture studies to evaluate wild bee sampling protocols.
bee pollinator solitary-bee long-horned-bee agricultural-pollinator North-American-native early-season ground-nesting research-subject
Melissodes communis communis
Common Long-Horned Bee
Melissodes communis communis is a subspecies of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. Males of this group are characterized by elongated antennae, a trait reflected in the common name. The subspecies occurs in North and Middle America. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, it is a solitary bee that visits flowers for pollen and nectar collection. The specific subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the broader M. communis species complex.
bee long-horned-bee solitary-bee pollinator Apidae Hymenoptera North-America Middle-America Eucerini
Melissodes coreopsis
Tickseed Longhorn Bee
Melissodes coreopsis is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, described by Robertson in 1905. The common name 'Tickseed Longhorn Bee' reflects its association with Coreopsis flowers. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee that contributes to pollination of native wildflowers. Males of this genus are known to form sleeping aggregations on vegetation at night while females nest underground.
solitary-bee ground-nesting pollinator long-horned-bee Eucerini Asteraceae-specialist sleeping-aggregation territorial-males
Melissodes denticulatus
Denticulate Longhorn Bee
Melissodes denticulatus is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, found in North America. The species is distinguished by its strong association with ironweed (Vernonia), which serves as a key identification cue. As a member of the genus Melissodes, it exhibits the characteristic elongated antennae typical of male long-horned bees. The specific epithet "denticulatus" refers to small tooth-like structures, likely describing features of the mouthparts or other anatomical details.
long-horned-bee ironweed-associate ground-nesting solitary-bee pollinator
Melissodes dentiventris
long-horned bee
Melissodes dentiventris is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, males possess elongated antennae that give the group its common name. The species is a solitary ground-nesting bee and contributes to pollination of native flora. Specific ecological details for M. dentiventris remain limited in published literature, with most behavioral observations documented for congeners such as M. agilis.
bee long-horned-bee solitary-bee ground-nesting pollinator North-America Apidae Eucerini
Melissodes desponsus
Eastern Thistle Longhorn Bee
Melissodes desponsus is a solitary, ground-nesting longhorn bee native to northeastern North America. Females are oligolectic specialists on Cirsium thistles, collecting white pollen that often obscures their distinctive orange scopae. The species is active in mid-to-late summer and has been assessed as vulnerable or imperiled in several regional conservation evaluations, though it lacks a comprehensive rangewide status assessment.
solitary-bee ground-nesting oligolectic thistle-specialist longhorn-bee native-pollinator northeastern-North-America
Melissodes illatus
Valiant Long-horned Bee
Melissodes illatus is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, commonly known as the Valiant Long-horned Bee. It belongs to a genus characterized by males with exceptionally long antennae and territorial behavior. Like other Melissodes species, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee and an important native pollinator. The species has been documented across North America, with observation records from regions including Vermont.
native-bee solitary-bee ground-nesting long-horned-bee pollinator territorial-male sleeping-aggregation Melissodes Eucerini
Melissodes pallidisignatus
Melissodes pallidisignatus is a long-horned bee species in the family Apidae, native to North and Central America. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee. The species is part of a diverse genus of approximately 130 species of medium to large bees commonly known as long-horned bees due to the elongated antennae of males. It contributes to pollination in its native range, though specific ecological studies on this species are limited compared to better-known congeners such as Melissodes agilis.
bee long-horned-bee solitary-bee ground-nesting pollinator native-bee North-America Central-America Apidae Eucerini