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Smicroplectrus walleyi
Smicroplectrus walleyi is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Mason in 1956. It belongs to the genus Smicroplectrus within the large family Ichneumonidae, one of the most diverse families of parasitoid wasps. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations recorded on iNaturalist as of the available data. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
ichneumonid parasitoid-wasp rarely-encountered data-deficient
Solenopsis tonsa
Thompson's Thief Ant
Solenopsis tonsa is a species of thief ant described by Thompson in 1989. It belongs to the genus Solenopsis, which includes the well-known red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). The species is commonly referred to as Thompson's Thief Ant. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only four documented observations on iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff. As a member of the Solenopsis genus, it shares the general morphological characteristics of small myrmicine ants, though specific distinguishing features from congeners are not well documented in available sources.
thief-ant Solenopsis myrmicine data-deficient
Sosipatra knudsoni
Sosipatra knudsoni is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, described by Neunzig in 1990. It belongs to the subfamily Phycitinae, a diverse group of small moths often associated with dried plant material. The species is known from a limited number of observations, suggesting restricted distribution or cryptic habits. Like other members of its genus, it is likely nocturnal and associated with terrestrial habitats.
Pyralidae Phycitinae Neotropical-fauna data-deficient
Spelobia typhlops
Spelobia typhlops is a species of lesser dung fly described by Richards in 1965. It belongs to the family Sphaeroceridae, a group of small flies commonly associated with decaying organic matter. The species epithet "typhlops" (Greek for "blind") may allude to reduced eyes or subterranean habits, though this has not been confirmed in published sources. Like other members of Spelobia, it likely inhabits moist, decomposing substrates. Published biological data for this species remains limited.
dung-fly Sphaeroceridae cave-associated-name data-deficient
Sphaeropsocus bicolor
Sphaeropsocus bicolor is a species of booklouse in the family Sphaeropsocidae, described by Mockford in 2013. It belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly known as barklice and booklice. The genus Sphaeropsocus is part of a family characterized by distinctive morphological features, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited. Only a single observation has been recorded in public databases.
booklouse barklouse Sphaeropsocidae Psocodea Mockford-2013 rare data-deficient
Sphenometopa nebulosa
Sphenometopa nebulosa is a species of flesh fly in the family Sarcophagidae, subfamily Miltogramminae. Originally described as Araba nebulosa by Coquillett in 1902, this species was later transferred to the genus Sphenometopa. The genus Sphenometopa is part of the kleptoparasitic miltogrammine flesh flies, which are known for their association with solitary bees and wasps. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations recorded in iNaturalist.
kleptoparasite flesh-fly Miltogramminae Sarcophagidae Diptera rarely-encountered data-deficient
Spissistilus femoratus
Spissistilus femoratus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. The genus Spissistilus contains several species, with S. festinus (the three-cornered alfalfa hopper) being the most economically significant and well-studied member. Information specific to S. femoratus is extremely limited in available sources, which focus primarily on its congener S. festinus as an agricultural pest.
treehopper Membracidae Hemiptera data-deficient valid-species no-observations
Steatoda palomara
Steatoda palomara is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is known only from the United States, with records from North America. The species was described by Chamberlin & Ivie in 1935. Like other members of the genus Steatoda, it is presumed to construct irregular tangled webs typical of theridiid spiders.
cobweb-spider Theridiidae North-America USA poorly-known-species data-deficient
Stegea sola
Stegea sola is a species of moth in the family Crambidae, described by Munroe in 1972. It belongs to the subfamily Glaphyriinae. The species has been recorded from southern Texas, though knowledge of its biology and distribution remains limited.
Crambidae Glaphyriinae North-America Texas data-deficient
Steneretma
Steneretma is a genus of picture-winged flies in the family Ulidiidae, established by Loew in 1873. The genus contains at least one described species, S. laticauda. Like other ulidiids, members of this genus are characterized by patterned or marked wings. The genus is poorly known, with limited observational records and minimal published biological information.
ulidiidae picture-winged-flies diptera poorly-known data-deficient
Stenocolus scutellaris
Stenocolus scutellaris is a beetle species in the family Eulichadidae, described by LeConte in 1853. The species is known from North America. As a member of Eulichadidae, it belongs to a small family of beetles with specialized ecological associations. Published reviews of this species address its distribution, morphology, and life history, though detailed biological information remains limited in accessible sources.
Eulichadidae Coleoptera North-America data-deficient
Stenomorpha cressoni
Stenomorpha cressoni is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by Blaisdell in 1933. It belongs to a genus of elongate beetles found in arid and semi-arid regions of western North America. The species is known from very few observations, with limited published information on its biology. It is one of approximately 30 species currently recognized in the genus Stenomorpha.
data-deficient western-north-america arid-habitat darkling-beetle
Stenomorpha obovata
Stenomorpha obovata is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, first described by LeConte in 1851. The genus Stenomorpha comprises small to medium-sized beetles primarily distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of North America. This species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal observational records available.
darkling-beetle Mexican-fauna data-deficient LeConte-1851
Stenopaschia trichopteris
Stenopaschia trichopteris is a species of pyralid moth described by Harrison G. Dyar in 1914. It belongs to the subfamily Epipaschiinae, a group of snout moths primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus Stenopaschia contains relatively few described species, and S. trichopteris remains poorly documented in scientific literature.
pyralid-moth Epipaschiinae Dyar-1914 data-deficient
Sternechus paludatus
Bean Stalk Weevil
Sternechus paludatus, commonly known as the bean stalk weevil, is a species of true weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. The species is provisionally accepted in taxonomic databases. Very little detailed biological information is available for this species in the provided sources.
weevil Curculionidae North-America provisionally-accepted data-deficient
Stethophyma celata
Stethophyma celata is a grasshopper species described by Otte in 1979. It is listed as a probable species for Wyoming, specifically anticipated to occur in the Black Hills region, though it was not documented in the 1988-2019 Wyoming grasshopper survey. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Stethophyma celatum in some taxonomic databases. Its biology and ecology remain poorly documented due to its absence from systematic survey collections.
grasshopper orthoptera acrididae oedipodinae probable-occurrence wyoming black-hills data-deficient taxonomic-synonymy unconfirmed-distribution
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Membracidae treehopper Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Stictocephala Ceresini Smiliinae Hemiptera sap-feeder pronotum helmet thorn-mimicry plant-feeding-insect phloem-feeder cryptic-coloration camouflage Van-Duzee-1914 Nearctic North-America Florida North-Carolina South-Dakota understudied-species data-deficient taxonomy entomology insect arthropod true-bug auchenorrhynchan cicadomorph leafhopper-relative plant-hopper ornate-pronotum pronotal-extension dorsal-helmet insect-morphology insect-systematics biodiversity natural-history conservation insect-ecology insect-behavior insect-development insect-distribution biogeography species-description type-specimen original-description historical-taxonomy museum-specimen collection-record occurrence-data GBIF iNaturalist citizen-science observation-record range-map distribution-data geographic-range endemic native-species regional-fauna local-biodiversity habitat-specificity host-plant feeding-guild phytophagous herbivore plant-insect-interaction coevolution mimicry defense crypsis evolutionary-adaptation morphological-adaptation exoskeleton-modification structural-coloration insect-identification field-guide diagnostic-character taxonomic-key species-complex cryptic-species morphological-variation geographic-variation phenotypic-plasticity life-history reproduction oviposition nymph instar metamorphosis hemimetabolous incomplete-metamorphosis population-dynamics community-ecology food-web trophic-level primary-consumer ecosystem-function nutrient-cycling energy-flow biological-control pest-status agricultural-relevance forestry urban-ecology invasive-potential climate-change habitat-loss conservation-status data-gap research-need taxonomic-revision phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding integrative-taxonomy natural-history-collection specimen-digitization open-data FAIR-data biodiversity-informatics biological-database taxonomic-authority nomenclature zoological-nomenclature International-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclature type-locality type-specimen-deposition author-citation original-combination current-combination synonymy homonymy nomenclatural-act taxonomic-history classification-system phylogenetic-classification evolutionary-relationships monophyly clade lineage stem-group crown-group divergence-time molecular-clock fossil-record paleontology extant extinct living-fossil evolutionary-history biogeographic-history dispersal vicariance range-expansion range-contraction refugium glacial-relict postglacial-colonization anthropogenic-impact human-disturbance land-use-change urbanization agricultural-intensification pesticide-use habitat-fragmentation connectivity corridor protected-area conservation-planning systematic-conservation-planning priority-area hotspot endemic-area center-of-origin center-of-diversity evolutionary-significant-unit management-unit population metapopulation source-sink-dynamics demography vital-rates survival fecundity generation-time population-growth-rate carrying-capacity density-dependence regulation limiting-factor environmental-stochasticity demographic-stochasticity genetic-stochasticity inbreeding-depression outbreeding-depression genetic-diversity heterozygosity allelic-richness effective-population-size genetic-drift gene-flow migration isolation-by-distance isolation-by-resistance landscape-genetics population-genomics phylogeography historical-demography coalescent-theory approximate-Bayesian-computation species-distribution-model ecological-niche-model habitat-suitability bioclimatic-envelope climate-envelope niche-conservatism niche-evolution realized-niche fundamental-niche biotic-interaction competition predation parasitism mutualism commensalism amensalism facilitation apparent-competition indirect-interaction trophic-cascade top-down-control bottom-up-control mesopredator-release keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant-species characteristic-species indicator-species umbrella-species flagship-species surrogate-species focal-species target-species pest-species invasive-species naturalized-species alien-species non-native-species introduced-species cryptogenic-species range-shift poleward-shift elevational-shift phenological-shift temporal-mismatch trophic-mismatch phenology seasonality voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine partial-generation prolonged-diapause aestivation hibernation overwintering overwintering-strategy cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance freeze-avoidance supercooling cryoprotectant thermal-biology thermoregulation behavioral-thermoregulation microclimate-selection habitat-selection oviposition-site-selection host-selection mate-choice sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice reproductive-isolation prezygotic-isolation postzygotic-isolation speciation allopatric-speciation sympatric-speciation parapatric-speciation peripatric-speciation reinforcement hybridization introgression hybrid-zone cline ecotone contact-zone secondary-contact exogenous-selection endogenous-selection ecological-speciation mutation-order-speciation sexual-conflict sexual-dimorphism sexual-size-dimorphism sexual-dichromatism polymorphism color-polymorphism morph phase gregarious-phase solitary-phase density-dependent-polyphenism reaction-norm genotype-environment-interaction plasticity canalization genetic-assimilation acclimation acclimatization hardening stress-response heat-shock-protein oxidative-stress hypoxia desiccation starvation immune-response innate-immunity humoral-immunity cellular-immunity encapsulation nodulation phagocytosis melanization antimicrobial-peptide phenoloxidase prophenoloxidase lysozyme defensin cecropin diptericin attacin immune-gene immune-pathway Toll-pathway Imd-pathway JAK-STAT-pathway NF-κB relish dorsal immune-memory specific-immunity transgenerational-immune-priming gut-microbiome symbiosis obligate-symbiont facultative-symbiont primary-symbiont secondary-symbiont vertical-transmission horizontal-transmission mixed-mode-transmission nutritional-symbiosis defensive-symbiosis digestive-symbiosis detoxification metabolism biosynthesis vitamin-synthesis amino-acid-synthesis steroid-synthesis cuticle-synthesis chitin-synthesis molting ecdysis ecdysteroid juvenile-hormone insulin-signaling TOR-signaling nutrient-sensing energy-storage lipid-metabolism carbohydrate-metabolism protein-metabolism flight-metabolism respiration tracheal-system spiracle gas-exchange water-balance osmoregulation excretion Malpighian-tubule hindgut rectum cryptonephridial-system ion-transport water-reabsorption nitrogenous-waste uric-acid urea ammonia detoxification-enzyme cytochrome-P450 glutathione-S-transferase carboxylesterase mixed-function-oxidase resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance herbicide-resistance antibiotic-resistance resistance-management resistance-evolution resistance-mechanism target-site-resistance metabolic-resistance behavioral-resistance cuticular-resistance resistance-allele resistance-gene fitness-cost fitness-benefit pleiotropy trade-off life-history-trade-off allocation resource-allocation energy-allocation time-allocation foraging optimal-foraging central-place-foraging patch-use marginal-value-theorem predator-avoidance antipredator-defense masquerade Batesian-mimicry Müllerian-mimicry automimicry intraspecific-mimicry intersexual-mimicry aggressive-mimicry social-parasitism brood-parasitism kleptoparasitism defense-behavior thanatosis death-feigning startle-display deimatic-display eyespot deflection-mark autotomy reflex-bleeding regurgitation defensive-secretion venom toxin allomone kairomone synomone semiochemical pheromone sex-pheromone aggregation-pheromone alarm-pheromone trail-pheromone territorial-pheromone recognition-pheromone signature-mixture cuticular-hydrocarbon volatile-organic-compound olfaction gustation mechanoreception thermoreception hygroreception photoreception vision compound-eye ommatidium rhabdom visual-pigment opsin color-vision polarization-vision motion-detection optomotor-response phototaxis photoperiodism circadian-rhythm biological-clock entrainment zeitgeber circannual-rhythm photoperiod day-length critical-day-length critical-photoperiod diapause-induction diapause-termination diapause-maintenance diapause-development endocrine-control neuroendocrine corpus-allatum corpus-cardiacum prothoracic-gland ecdysiotropin ecdysiostatin allatostatin allatotropin neuropeptide hormone hormone-receptor signal-transduction gene-expression transcription-factor regulatory-gene structural-gene gene-network gene-regulatory-network developmental-gene Hox-gene homeobox segment-polarity-gene gap-gene pair-rule-gene maternal-effect-gene zygotic-gene embryonic-development embryogenesis cleavage blastoderm gastrulation segmentation tagmosis appendage-development imaginal-disc holometabolous complete-metamorphosis larva pupa adult apolysis teneral sclerotization tanning cuticle exoskeleton epicuticle procuticle exocuticle endocuticle resilin sclerotin chitin protein lipid wax cement-layer wax-layer surface-lipid waterproofing anti-wetting anti-fouling self-cleaning structural-color pigmentary-color ommin pteridine carotenoid melanin papiliochrome flavonoid anthocyanin betalain iridescence photonic-crystal diffraction-grating thin-film-interference multilayer-reflector scattering Tyndall-scattering Rayleigh-scattering Mie-scattering non-iridescent-structural-color biochrome biofluorescence bioluminescence luciferin luciferase photoprotein bioluminescent-system counter-illumination burglar-alarm lure communication mate-recognition predator-deterrence aposematism warning-coloration honest-signal dishonest-signal signal-evolution signal-design receiver-psychology sensory-bias sensory-exploitation sensory-trap amplifier attenuator signal-efficacy signal-honesty handicap-principle index-signal conventional-signal assessment-signal territorial-signal dominance-signal submissive-signal aggressive-signal courtship-signal copulatory-signal postcopulatory-signal antagonistic-coevolution chase-away-selection sensory-drive reproductive-character-displacement genetic-exchange admixture hybrid-fitness hybrid-breakdown hybrid-vigor heterosis genetic-load mutational-meltdown founder-effect bottleneck population-expansion invasion-genetics propagule-pressure introduction-effort establishment spread lag-phase exponential-growth logistic-growth Allee-effect demographic-Allee-effect component-Allee-effect strong-Allee-effect weak-Allee-effect critical-population-size minimum-viable-population extinction-risk population-viability-analysis stochastic-model deterministic-model individual-based-model agent-based-model spatially-explicit-model metapopulation-model source-sink-model integrated-population-model state-space-model hierarchical-model Bayesian-model machine-learning artificial-intelligence computer-vision image-recognition automated-identification deep-learning neural-network convolutional-neural-network transfer-learning data-augmentation training-set validation-set test-set accuracy precision recall F1-score confusion-matrix receiver-operating-characteristic area-under-curve model-selection model-validation cross-validation bootstrapping permutation-test null-model randomization-test Monte-Carlo-simulation Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo Gibbs-sampling Metropolis-Hastings-algorithm Bayesian-inference prior-distribution posterior-distribution likelihood-function evidence model-comparison Bayes-factor information-criterion Akaike-information-criterion corrected-AIC Bayesian-information-criterion deviance-information-criterion Watanabe-Akaike-information-criterion cross-validation-information-criterion stacking model-averaging ensemble-model prediction forecasting scenario-analysis sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis propagation-of-uncertainty error-budget confidence-interval credible-interval prediction-interval tolerance-interval statistical-power sample-size effect-size significance-test hypothesis-testing null-hypothesis alternative-hypothesis type-I-error type-II-error false-positive false-negative multiple-comparison Bonferroni-correction false-discovery-rate q-value p-value significance-level alpha-level beta-level statistical-test parametric-test nonparametric-test robust-test exact-test asymptotic-test bootstrap-test jackknife resampling subsampling leave-one-out k-fold stratified-sampling balanced-sampling imbalanced-data class-imbalance oversampling undersampling synthetic-minority-oversampling SMOTE ADASYN cost-sensitive-learning ensemble-method bagging boosting random-forest gradient-boosting XGBoost LightGBM CatBoost support-vector-machine kernel-method radial-basis-function polynomial-kernel linear-kernel sigmoid-kernel decision-tree classification-tree regression-tree pruning cost-complexity-pruning minimum-description-length rule-based-classifier association-rule frequent-pattern apriori-algorithm FP-growth sequential-pattern temporal-pattern spatial-pattern spatiotemporal-pattern time-series-analysis trend-analysis seasonal-decomposition autoregressive-model moving-average-model ARIMA SARIMA exponential-smoothing state-space-model Kalman-filter particle-filter hidden-Markov-model dynamic-Bayesian-network recurrent-neural-network long-short-term-memory gated-recurrent-unit transformer attention-mechanism self-attention multi-head-attention encoder decoder encoder-decoder-architecture sequence-to-sequence-model generative-model generative-adversarial-network variational-autoencoder normalizing-flow diffusion-model energy-based-model Boltzmann-machine restricted-Boltzmann-machine deep-belief-network autoencoder denoising-autoencoder sparse-autoencoder contractive-autoencoder variational-inference expectation-maximization maximum-likelihood maximum-a-posteriori maximum-entropy Occam's-razor parsimony model-complexity overfitting underfitting bias-variance-tradeoff regularization L1-regularization L2-regularization elastic-net dropout early-stopping batch-normalization layer-normalization group-normalization instance-normalization weight-decay mixup cutout cutmix random-erasing autoaugment fast-autoaugment population-based-augmentation neural-architecture-search automated-machine-learning hyperparameter-optimization grid-search random-search Bayesian-optimization sequential-model-based-optimization multi-fidelity-optimization knowledge-distillation teacher-student-model model-compression quantization knowledge-transfer domain-adaptation few-shot-learning zero-shot-learning one-shot-learning meta-learning learning-to-learn metric-learning siamese-network triplet-loss contrastive-learning self-supervised-learning unsupervised-learning semi-supervised-learning weakly-supervised-learning active-learning online-learning incremental-learning continual-learning lifelong-learning curriculum-learning multi-task-learning multi-modal-learning cross-modal-learning representation-learning feature-learning embedding-learning manifold-learning dimensionality-reduction principal-component-analysis t-SNE UMAP word-embedding sentence-embedding document-embedding knowledge-graph-embedding graph-neural-network graph-convolutional-network graph-attention-network message-passing-neural-network relational-graph-convolutional-network inductive-learning transductive-learning homophily heterophily graph-isomorphism Weisfeiler-Lehman-test subgraph-isomorphism graph-matching network-alignment network-embedding node-embedding edge-embedding graph-classification node-classification link-prediction graph-generation graph-synthesis molecular-generation de-novo-design inverse-design retrosynthesis reaction-prediction property-prediction quantitative-structure-activity-relationship QSAR quantitative-structure-property-relationship QSPR molecular-descriptor fingerprint Morgan-fingerprint extended-connectivity-fingerprint circular-fingerprint atom-pair-fingerprint topological-torsion-fingerprint pharmacophore shape-similarity electrostatic-similarity docking scoring-function binding-affinity-prediction protein-ligand-interaction protein-protein-interaction protein-structure-prediction AlphaFold protein-folding contact-prediction distance-prediction angle-prediction torsion-prediction secondary-structure-prediction tertiary-structure-prediction quaternary-structure-prediction protein-design protein-engineering directed-evolution rational-design computational-design de-novo-protein-design enzyme-design catalytic-antibody ribozyme aptamer DNAzyme synthetic-biology genetic-circuit metabolic-engineering metabolic-flux-analysis flux-balance-analysis genome-scale-metabolic-model dynamic-metabolic-model kinetic-modeling stoichiometric-modeling constraint-based-modeling optimization linear-programming mixed-integer-linear-programming quadratic-programming nonlinear-programming dynamic-programming stochastic-programming robust-optimization multi-objective-optimization Pareto-optimality evolutionary-algorithm genetic-algorithm genetic-programming differential-evolution particle-swarm-optimization ant-colony-optimization simulated-annealing tabu-search variable-neighborhood-search iterated-local-search greedy-randomized-adaptive-search scatter-search path-relinking memetic-algorithm hyper-heuristic metaheuristic local-search neighborhood-search hill-climbing random-walk randomized-search Monte-Carlo-tree-search upper-confidence-bound Thompson-sampling multi-armed-bandit contextual-bandit reinforcement-learning policy-gradient actor-critic Q-learning deep-Q-network policy-iteration value-iteration temporal-difference-learning SARSA expected-SARSA double-Q-learning dueling-Q-network prioritized-experience-replay distributed-reinforcement-learning impala A3C asynchronous-advantage-actor-critic PPO proximal-policy-optimization TRPO trust-region-policy-optimization DDPG deep-deterministic-policy-gradient TD3 twin-delayed-deep-deterministic-policy-gradient SAC soft-actor-critic model-based-reinforcement-learning model-predictive-control guided-policy-search imitation-learning inverse-reinforcement-learning apprenticeship-learning behavior-cloning dataset-aggregation DAgger generative-adversarial-imitation-learning third-person-imitation-learning one-shot-imitation-learning meta-reinforcement-learning hierarchical-reinforcement-learning option skill subgoal intrinsic-motivation curiosity-driven-exploration empowerment information-gain prediction-error novelty-seeking diversity-seeking multi-agent-reinforcement-learning mean-field fictitious-play correlated-equilibrium Nash-equilibrium game-theory mechanism-design auction-theory incentive-design social-choice-theory voting-theory fair-division matching-theory market-design algorithmic-game-theory computational-social-choice computational-complexity NP-completeness NP-hardness approximation-algorithm approximation-ratio inapproximability fixed-parameter-tractability parameterized-complexity kernelization treewidth graph-minor forbidden-minor-characterization well-quasi-ordering Robertson-Seymour-theorem graph-structure-theorem bidimensionality-theory meta-theorem Courcelle's-theorem automata-theory finite-automaton pushdown-automaton Turing-machine computability decidability halting-problem Rice's-theorem Gödel's-incompleteness-theorems lambda-calculus combinatory-logic type-theory proof-theory model-theory set-theory forcing large-cardinal axiom-of-choice continuum-hypothesis independence-result consistency-strength reverse-mathematics constructive-mathematics intuitionistic-logic modal-logic temporal-logic epistemic-logic deontic-logic description-logic ontology knowledge-representation semantic-web linked-data RDF SPARQL OWL knowledge-graph entity-linking relation-extraction event-extraction coreference-resolution named-entity-recognition part-of-speech-tagging dependency-parsing constituency-parsing semantic-parsing natural-language-inference textual-entailment natural-language-generation machine-translation summarization question-answering dialogue-system conversational-AI chatbot virtual-assistant speech-recognition speech-synthesis speaker-recognition emotion-recognition sentiment-analysis opinion-mining aspect-based-sentiment-analysis target-dependent-sentiment-analysis stance-detection rumor-detection fake-news-detection fact-checking claim-verification evidence-retrieval argument-mining persuasion-detection deception-detection personality-prediction mental-health-detection suicide-prevention crisis-intervention social-media-mining network-analysis community-detection influence-maximization information-diffusion cascade-modeling epidemic-modeling SEIR-model SIR-model agent-based-epidemic-model compartmental-model network-epidemic-model metapopulation-epidemic-model spatial-epidemic-model stochastic-epidemic-model branching-process renewal-equation generation-interval serial-interval incubation-period latent-period infectious-period basic-reproduction-number effective-reproduction-number herd-immunity-threshold vaccination-coverage vaccine-efficacy vaccine-effectiveness breakthrough-infection waning-immunity immune-escape variant-of-concern variant-of-interest variant-under-monitoring phylogenetic-analysis molecular-clock-analysis phylodynamics viral-evolution antigenic-drift antigenic-shift zoonotic-spillover reservoir-host intermediate-host amplifying-host dead-end-host vector-borne-disease mosquito-borne-disease tick-borne-disease flea-borne-disease lice-borne-disease midge-borne-disease sandfly-borne-disease tsetse-borne-disease blackfly-borne-disease triatomine-borne-disease kissing-bug Chagas-disease trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis malaria dengue yellow-fever Zika-virus chikungunya West-Nile-virus Japanese-encephalitis tick-borne-encephalitis Lyme-disease Rocky-Mountain-spotted-fever ehlichiosis anaplasmosis babesiosis tularemia plague murine-typhus epidemic-typhus endemic-typhus scrub-typhus Q-fever trench-fever bartonellosis cat-scratch-disease rat-bite-fever leptospirosis brucellosis anthrax melioidosis glanders tularaemia francisellosis coxiellosis rickettsiosis orientia-infection ehrlichiosis neoehrlichiosis neorickettsiosis anaplasmataceae rickettsiaceae coxiellaceae bartonellaceae brucellaceae francisellaceae pasteurellaceae legionellaceae chlamydiaceae mycoplasmataceae ureaplasmataceae spiroplasmataceae achaenoplasmataceae entomoplasmataceae haloplasmataceae tenericutes mollicutes bacteroidetes fusobacteria spirochaetes synergistetes deferribacteres thermotogae aquificae caldiserica caldithrix deferrisoma desulfurobacterium thermovibrio thermocrinis hydrogenobacter sulfurihydrogenibium persephonella hydrogenobaculum hydrothermus thermothrix sulfuricurvum sulfurimonas sulfurovum thiovulum thiomicrospira pseudomonas vibrio aeromonas photobacterium aliivibrio gracilibacillus halobacillus halomonas chromohalobacter cobetia salinicola kushneria halotalea halovibrio salinivibrio thioalkalivibrio thiohalophilus ectothiorhodospira halorhodospira thiorhodospira halochromatium thioflavicoccus marichromatium thiocapsa lamprocystis thiodictyon thiopedia amoebobacter thiocystis chromatium allo-chromatium thermochromatium rhabdochromatium thiobaca thiohalocapsa halocapsa thiolamprovum thioploca thiomargarita beggiatoa methylococcus methylomonas methylomicrobium methylosinus methylocystis methylocella methylocapsa methylacidiphilum verrucomicrobia planctomycetes chlamydiae lentisphaerae kiritimatiellaeota calditrichaeota fervidibacteria
Stictolobus minutus
Stictolobus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser in 1915. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The genus Stictolobus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the New World, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Membracidae treehopper Hemiptera Ceresini Smiliinae poorly-known data-deficient
Stictopleurus plutonius
Stictopleurus plutonius is a species of true bug in the family Rhopalidae, described by Baker in 1908. It belongs to a genus of scentless plant bugs found in temperate regions. Records indicate it occurs in western North America, specifically in British Columbia. Very few observations exist, with only two records documented on iNaturalist.
Rhopalidae scentless-plant-bug western-North-America rarely-recorded data-deficient
Stiria brava
Stiria brava is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Stiriinae, described by Keegan and Wagner in 2022. It belongs to the genus Stiria, which comprises small to medium-sized noctuid moths. The species is known from very few observations (3 records on iNaturalist as of the source date), indicating it is either rare, recently described, or has a restricted range. As a newly described species, detailed biological information remains limited.
Noctuidae Stiriinae Stiriini recently-described 2022 data-deficient
Stonemyia velutina
velvety stonian horsefly, Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid Fly
Stonemyia velutina is a rare horsefly endemic to California, first described in 1892. The species was not observed between 1942 and 2023, leading to a premature declaration of extinction in 1996. Its 2023 rediscovery confirmed continued survival, though knowledge of its biology remains limited. The species belongs to the family Tabanidae, a group of biting flies whose females typically require blood meals for egg development.
rare endemic rediscovered California-endemic data-deficient
Strangalia antennata
Strangalia antennata is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Schaeffer in 1908. The species belongs to the subfamily Lepturinae, a group commonly known as flower longhorns for their frequent association with flowers. Very few documented observations exist for this species, with no records in major biodiversity databases such as iNaturalist and minimal information available in scientific literature.
cerambycidae lepturinae flower-longhorn data-deficient
Stygoporus
Stygoporus is a monotypic genus of diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) containing the single species Stygoporus oregonensis. The genus was described in 1994 based on specimens collected from an Oregon bathroom in 1984. No additional specimens were reported until 2014–2016, making this one of the most poorly known beetle genera in North America.
monotypic rare subterranean North-America data-deficient
Sylvanelater furtivus
Sylvanelater furtivus is a click beetle species in the family Elateridae, described by LeConte in 1853. The species is known from a limited number of observations, with records primarily from British Columbia, Canada. As a member of the genus Sylvanelater, it belongs to a group of elaterid beetles associated with forested habitats.
click-beetle elaterid Coleoptera North-America Pacific-Northwest forest-associated data-deficient rarely-collected
Sympistis homogena
Sympistis homogena is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Grote in 1877. It belongs to the genus Sympistis, a diverse group of moths commonly known as 'flower moths' or 'sympistis moths.' The species is recorded from North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
noctuidae owlet-moth north-america data-deficient
Sympistis intruda
Sympistis intruda is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, first described by Smith in 1910. It belongs to a large genus of noctuid moths distributed primarily in North America. The species is poorly documented in public databases, with limited observational records available.
noctuid-moth North-American-fauna data-deficient
Sympistis jocelynae
Sympistis jocelynae is a noctuid moth described in 2008 from a single county in Utah. It is known from only two observations and remains poorly documented. The species is characterized by its moderate wingspan and late-season adult activity.
noctuid-moth Utah-endemic recently-described data-deficient
Sympistis min
Sympistis min is a noctuid moth species described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is currently known only from the US state of Colorado. The wingspan measures approximately 26 mm. As a recently described species with limited published records, detailed biological information remains sparse.
noctuidae noctuinae colorado-endemic recently-described data-deficient
Sympistis mut
Sympistis mut is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is endemic to California. The species has a wingspan of 36–39 mm. Little is known about its biology beyond basic taxonomic description.
Noctuidae California-endemic data-deficient 2008-description
Sympistis sagittata
Sympistis sagittata is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1916. It belongs to the genus Sympistis, a diverse group of noctuid moths primarily distributed across North America. The species is currently accepted as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America data-deficient Barnes-&-McDunnough-1916
Synchita adventive-or-new
Synchita adventive-or-new is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Colydiidae. The specific epithet "adventive-or-new" suggests this taxon may represent either a recently introduced (adventive) population or a previously undescribed species. Members of the genus Synchita are generally associated with dead or decaying wood. Information regarding this particular species is extremely limited in published literature.
data-deficient nomenclature-unusual Colydiidae cylindrical-bark-beetle
Synecdoche autumnalis
Synecdoche autumnalis is a species of planthopper in the family Achilidae, described by O'Brien in 1971. It belongs to the tribe Plectoderini within the subfamily Myconinae. The species epithet "autumnalis" suggests seasonal activity in autumn. Like other achilid planthoppers, it is a member of the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group known for diverse and often elaborate head structures, though specific morphological features of this species remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
planthopper Hemiptera Achilidae California-endemic data-deficient
Synnoma lynosyrana
rabbitbrush webbing moth
Synnoma lynosyrana, the rabbitbrush webbing moth, is the sole species in the monotypic genus Synnoma. It belongs to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. The species is found in western North America, with records from Arizona. Its common name suggests an association with rabbitbrush (Ericameria/Chrysothamnus species).
monotypic-genus Tortricidae western-North-America rabbitbrush-associate data-deficient
Tabanus cymatophorus
Tabanus cymatophorus is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Osten Sacken in 1876. The species is recognized as valid by major taxonomic databases including GBIF and NCBI, though it was historically listed as a synonym in some sources. As a member of the genus Tabanus, it shares the characteristic large size and biting mouthparts typical of horse flies. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only four documented observations on iNaturalist, suggesting it may be rare, geographically restricted, or underreported.
horse-fly Tabanidae Osten-Sacken-1876 data-deficient rarely-observed
Tabanus eadsi
Tabanus eadsi is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae, described by Philip in 1962. Like other members of the genus Tabanus, it belongs to a group of large, robust flies known for their biting females and strong flight capabilities. The species is currently recognized as valid by GBIF, though Catalogue of Life lists it as a synonym. No iNaturalist observations have been recorded for this species, and published biological information appears to be minimal.
Tabanidae horse-fly Diptera Philip-1962 data-deficient
Tabanus sublongus
Tabanus sublongus is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae, described by Stone in 1938. The species is currently accepted in GBIF and NCBI taxonomies, though Catalogue of Life lists it as a synonym. No iNaturalist observations exist for this taxon. As a member of the genus Tabanus, it belongs to a group of large, blood-feeding flies whose females require blood meals for egg development, though species-specific biological details for T. sublongus remain undocumented in available sources.
horse-fly Tabanidae Diptera insect blood-feeding-fly synonym-controversy data-deficient
Tallula baboquivarialis
Tallula baboquivarialis is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Epipaschiinae. Described by Barnes and Benjamin in 1926, this species is known from extremely limited records. Only one observation has been documented on iNaturalist, indicating it is rarely encountered or potentially underreported. The specific epithet references the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona, suggesting a southwestern North American distribution.
Pyralidae Epipaschiinae Lepidoptera snout-moth Arizona Baboquivari-Mountains data-deficient
Tanaops coelestinus
Tanaops coelestinus is a species of soft-bodied plant beetle in the family Melyridae. The genus Tanaops belongs to the subfamily Malachiinae, commonly known as malachiid beetles or soft-winged flower beetles. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, indicating it is either rare, poorly surveyed, or restricted in distribution. Members of this genus are generally associated with flowers and vegetation where they prey on small arthropods.
Coleoptera Melyridae Malachiinae rare data-deficient western-North-America
Tanypeza picticornis
Tanypeza picticornis is a species of true fly in the family Tanypezidae, described by Knab and Shannon in 1916. The family Tanypezidae is a small group of acalyptrate flies within the order Diptera. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this species. It is known from a limited number of observations and specimens.
Diptera Tanypezidae acalyptrate data-deficient
Tanysphyrus ater
Tanysphyrus ater is a small weevil species described by Blatchley in 1928. It belongs to the family Erirhinidae (sometimes placed in Brachyceridae or Curculionidae in different classifications), a group of primitive weevils. The species epithet 'ater' refers to its black coloration. Very little published information exists on its biology or ecology, with only scattered collection records from North America.
weevil primitive-weevil black-weevil Erirhinidae Brachyceridae data-deficient
Taracticus paulus
Taracticus paulus is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Pritchard in 1938. The genus Taracticus comprises small, slender robber flies with distinctive wing venation and reduced mystax. As with other Asilidae, adults are predatory. The species is rarely documented, with only three observations recorded on iNaturalist, indicating either genuine rarity or limited survey effort in its range.
robber-fly Asilidae rarely-observed data-deficient
Taracticus ruficaudus
Taracticus ruficaudus is a species of robber fly described by Charles Howard Curran in 1930. As a member of the family Asilidae, it is a predatory fly that hunts other insects in flight. The specific epithet ruficaudus refers to its reddish tail. The genus Taracticus comprises small to medium-sized robber flies found primarily in the Americas.
predator aerial-hunter data-deficient
Tecticipitidae
Hidehorns
Tecticipitidae is a family of marine isopod crustaceans established by Iverson in 1982. The family belongs to the suborder Sphaeromatidea and is commonly referred to as "Hidehorns." As a sphaeromatid family, its members are likely characterized by body forms adapted to living in interstitial spaces or under hard substrates in marine environments. The family is poorly represented in public biodiversity databases, with only nine observations recorded on iNaturalist and no distribution records available through GBIF.
marine crustacean isopod data-deficient sphaeromatid
Telegeusidae
Long-lipped Beetles
Telegeusidae is a small family of beetles commonly known as Long-lipped Beetles. The family contains a limited number of described species, with Telegeusis texensis being among the better-studied members. These beetles are characterized by distinctive elongated mouthpart structures. Information on their biology remains sparse, with most knowledge derived from limited observational studies of adult males.
Coleoptera beetles data-deficient rarely-encountered
Tenebroides marginatus
Tenebroides marginatus is a species of beetle in the family Trogossitidae, commonly known as bark-gnawing beetles. The genus Tenebroides includes species associated with dead or decaying wood and bark habitats. Very limited information is available for this particular species.
Coleoptera Trogossitidae bark-gnawing-beetle poorly-known-species data-deficient
Tesolasomus lanei
Tesolasomus lanei is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae. The genus Tesolasomus is a small group within the click beetles, characterized by specific morphological features that distinguish it from related genera. This species is known from extremely limited records, with only a single observation documented on iNaturalist. The scarcity of data reflects either genuine rarity, restricted distribution, or insufficient survey effort rather than absence from suitable habitats.
rare data-deficient elateridae click-beetle
Texaponium triplehorni
Texaponium triplehorni is a species of darkling beetle (family Tenebrionidae) described by Berry in 1974. It belongs to the genus Texaponium, which is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of North America. Very little published information exists on this species; it is known from few specimens and has been rarely observed in the field. The species epithet honors Norman Triplehorn, a prominent American coleopterist.
darkling-beetle desert-beetle rare-species data-deficient
Thrinax albidopicta
Thrinax albidopicta is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae, first described by Norton in 1868. It is a rarely encountered species with limited observational records, known primarily from eastern Canada. As with other members of its family, it is likely herbivorous in the larval stage, though specific host plant associations remain undocumented. Adults are presumably active during the warmer months, but detailed life history information is sparse.
rarely-observed data-deficient eastern-Canada
Tinea mandarinella
Mandarin Tinea Moth
Tinea mandarinella is a species of fungus moth in the family Tineidae, described by Dietz in 1905. Like other members of the genus Tinea, it belongs to an ancient lineage of moths adapted to specialized feeding habits. The species has been documented in Ohio, USA, with limited published information on its biology compared to better-known relatives such as the casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella).
Tineidae fungus-moth clothes-moth-relative North-America Ohio Dietz-1905 mandarinella Tinea Lepidoptera poorly-known-species data-deficient
Tortistilus pacificus
Tortistilus pacificus is a species of treehopper (family Membracidae) first described by Van Duzee in 1908. The species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As a member of the Hemiptera, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. Very little specific ecological or behavioral information has been published for this particular species.
treehopper Membracidae Hemiptera Ceresini rarely-reported data-deficient