Sternorrhyncha

Guides

Phylloxera notabilis
Pecan Leaf Phylloxera
Phylloxera notabilis is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. It is a significant pest of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis), forming characteristic galls on leaf tissue. The species has host-associated populations on both pecan and water hickory (Carya aquatica), with documented differences in bacterial diversity between these populations. Unlike the more destructive pecan phylloxera (Phylloxera devastatrix), which attacks shoots and nuts, P. notabilis primarily damages leaves and may cause defoliation in heavy infestations.
gall-former pecan-pest phylloxerid Carya-pest Sternorrhyncha
Phylloxera paludis
Phylloxera paludis is a species of phylloxeran insect in the family Phylloxeridae, order Hemiptera. Phylloxerans are small, soft-bodied, sap-sucking insects closely related to aphids. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for inducing gall formation on host plants through chemical secretions that alter plant tissue development. The specific epithet "paludis" suggests an association with marsh or wetland habitats, though detailed ecological studies of this particular species appear limited in the available literature.
Phylloxeridae Hemiptera gall-forming phylloxera sap-feeding Sternorrhyncha marsh-associated undocumented-ecology data-deficient
Phylloxera picta
Phylloxera picta is a species of gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. Like other phylloxerans, it induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host trees through chemical secretions that manipulate plant tissue development. The species overwinters as eggs and has a complex life cycle involving multiple generations and both winged and wingless forms.
Phylloxeridae gall-forming Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha plant-parasite
Phylloxera rileyi
Phylloxera rileyi is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. The species is known from limited observations and taxonomic records, with only two documented observations on iNaturalist. Like other phylloxerans, it likely induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant development. The species was described by Riley in 1874.
gall-former phylloxeran Sternorrhyncha data-deficient
Phylloxera russellae
Phylloxera russellae is a small, soft-bodied insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. Like other phylloxerans, it induces gall formation on host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant tissue development. The species was described by Stoetzel in 1981. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for complex life cycles involving multiple generations and forms, including winged and wingless morphs.
phylloxera gall-forming Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Phylloxeridae insect-plant-interaction
Phylloxera spinosa
Phylloxera spinosa is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. This species induces distinctive galls on its host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant tissue development. Like other phylloxerans, it has a complex life cycle involving multiple generations and winged dispersal forms. The species was described by Shimer in 1869 and is currently accepted as valid.
phylloxera gall-former Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Phylloxera stoetzelae
Phylloxera stoetzelae is a species of phylloxeran, a group of tiny, soft-bodied, sap-sucking insects closely related to aphids. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for inducing galls on host plants through chemical secretions that stimulate abnormal plant tissue growth. The species was named in honor of entomologist Mark Stoetzel. Like other phylloxerans, it likely completes a complex life cycle involving both parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction phases, with overwintering eggs hatching in spring to initiate gall formation on new growth.
phylloxera gall-forming Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha plant-parasite
Phylloxera subelliptica
Phylloxera subelliptica is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. Like other phylloxerans, this species induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant tissue development. The species was described by Shimer in 1869. Phylloxerans typically have complex life cycles involving multiple generations and both sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction.
gall-former phloem-feeder parthenogenesis tree-pest Sternorrhyncha
Phylloxera symmetrica
Phylloxera symmetrica is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. Like other phylloxerans, this species induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant development. The species was described by Pergande in 1904. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual generations, with overwintering eggs and multiple gall-forming generations per year.
Phylloxeridae gall-forming Sternorrhyncha plant-manipulation Carya hickory pecan
Phylloxera texana
Phylloxera texana is a species of gall-inducing insect in the family Phylloxeridae, described by Stoetzel in 1981. Like other phylloxerans, it is closely related to aphids and induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on its host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant tissue development. The species is presumably associated with pecan or related hickory species given its genus affiliation and geographic name, though specific host records and detailed biology remain poorly documented in available literature.
gall-former phylloxeran Sternorrhyncha Hemiptera Texas-endemic
Phylloxera tuberculifera
Phylloxera tuberculifera is a gall-forming insect species in the family Phylloxeridae, first described by Duncan in 1922. As with other phylloxerans, this species induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host plants through chemical secretions that redirect plant tissue development. The species belongs to a genus containing several economically significant pests, particularly of pecan and grape. Specific host associations and detailed biology for P. tuberculifera remain poorly documented in published literature.
Phylloxeridae gall-forming Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha incomplete-data
Phylloxera wiedenmanni
Phylloxera wiedenmanni is a gall-forming phylloxeran that induces galls on hickory trees. As a member of the family Phylloxeridae, it is closely related to aphids and shares their piercing-sucking mouthpart morphology. The species overwinters as eggs deposited on bark or near old galls, with nymphs emerging during bud break to feed on new leaf tissue. Its feeding stimulates the formation of globular galls on leaves and petioles, within which the insect completes development. The species exhibits complex life history traits including parthenogenetic reproduction within galls and winged dispersal forms.
gall-former phylloxeran hickory-pest parthenogenesis Sternorrhyncha native-species minimal-economic-impact
Phylloxeridae
phylloxerans, phylloxerids
Phylloxeridae is a small family of plant-parasitic hemipterans comprising approximately 75 described species across 11 genera and two subfamilies (Phylloxerininae and Phylloxerinae). These minute insects are closely related to aphids and adelgids, with which they share the superfamily Phylloxeroidea. They are specialized gall-formers on deciduous trees and perennial fruit crops, with complex life cycles involving cyclical parthenogenesis and host alternation between primary woody hosts and secondary herbaceous hosts. The family includes the economically devastating grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), responsible for the 19th-century European vineyard crisis.
Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha gall-former phloem-feeder parthenogenesis host-alternation agricultural-pest viticulture cecidogenesis polymorphism
Phylloxerina
Phylloxerina is a genus of phylloxerids—small, sap-sucking true bugs in the family Phylloxeridae. These insects are closely related to aphids and are known for inducing distinctive leaf galls on host plants. The genus includes species such as Phylloxerina nyssae, which forms crescent-shaped galls on black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica). Phylloxerids are morphologically unusual among Sternorrhyncha, with wax-covered bodies and complex life cycles involving both gall-dwelling and bark-dwelling generations. The genus is native to northern North America.
phylloxerid gall-former Nyssa black-tupelo parthenogenesis wax-secretion Sternorrhyncha
Pineus
Pineus is a genus of adelgids (family Adelgidae) comprising more than 20 described species. These insects are small, sap-feeding hemipterans specialized on conifer hosts, primarily Pinus (pines) and Picea (spruces). Species exhibit complex life cycles with multiple morphological forms, including winged and wingless generations, and some alternate between two host species. Several species are economically significant as pests of forestry and ornamental plantings.
Adelgidae adelgids pine-adelgids conifer-pests Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha gall-formers forest-entomology
Pineus similis
Ragged Spruce Gall Adelgid
Pineus similis is a gall-forming adelgid that induces galls on spruce trees (Picea spp.). Originally described as Chermes similis by Gillette in 1907 from blue spruce in Colorado, it was later transferred to genus Pineus by Annand. The species produces winged females that emerge from galls and settle on spruce hosts, with documented preference for white spruce. Wingless females bearing egg clusters occur within galls. It has been recorded on multiple spruce species across North America and has doubtful or rare records in Europe.
adelgid gall-former spruce-pest phylloxerid conifer-specialist Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha North-America Europe Picea
Pityococcidae
Pityococcidae is a small family of scale insects within the order Hemiptera, established by McKenzie in 1942. The family comprises at least three genera—Desmococcus, Pityococcus, and the extinct Cancerococcus—with approximately eight described extant species. Members are classified within the superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects and mealybugs) and share the piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of Sternorrhyncha. The family remains poorly studied, with limited ecological and biological data available for most species.
scale-insects mealybugs Sternorrhyncha Coccoidea poorly-known
Prociphilus caryae
hickory woolly aphid
Prociphilus caryae, the hickory woolly aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, this species is characterized by dense white waxy secretions that cover the body, giving it a distinctive woolly appearance. The species is associated with hickory trees (Carya spp.) as its primary host. Woolly aphids in this genus are known for complex life cycles that typically involve host alternation between a primary woody host and secondary herbaceous hosts, though specific details for P. caryae are not well documented in available sources.
aphid woolly-aphid Pemphiginae hickory Carya forest-insect phloem-feeder wax-secretion Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Prociphilus tessellatus
Woolly Alder Aphid, Maple Blight Aphid
Prociphilus tessellatus, commonly known as the woolly alder aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is notable for producing dense white, waxy filaments that cover its body, giving it a distinctive woolly or cloud-like appearance. The species has been observed forming colonies on alder (Alnus) species, including European alder (Alnus glutinosa). It serves as prey for various predators, including the Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis). The waxy secretions are believed to provide protection against predators and environmental conditions.
aphid woolly-aphid Pemphiginae alder waxy-secretions camouflage Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Prococcus
Prococcus is a genus of scale insects in the family Coccidae, established by Avasthi in 1993. Members are soft scales (Coccidae), a group of plant-feeding Hemipterans that produce waxy coverings and often exhibit reduced mobility in adult females. The genus is part of the diverse Coccidae family, which includes numerous economically significant agricultural pests. Information specific to Prococcus beyond its taxonomic placement remains limited in published literature.
scale-insects soft-scales Sternorrhyncha Coccidomorpha
Pseudasiphonaphis
Pseudasiphonaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Robinson in 1965. It belongs to the tribe Rhopalosiphina within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus is represented by a small number of species and has limited observational records.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Rhopalosiphina
Pseudasiphonaphis corni
Waxy Dogwood Aphid
Pseudasiphonaphis corni, commonly known as the Waxy Dogwood Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the tribe Rhopalosiphina within the subfamily Aphidinae. The species was described by Tissot in 1929. As a member of the genus Pseudasiphonaphis, it is part of a group of aphids associated with specific host plants.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Rhopalosiphina Cornus
Pseudokermes
Pseudokermes is a genus of scale insects in the family Coccidae, first described by Cockerell in 1895. These insects are soft scales that feed on plant sap. The genus is part of the diverse Coccidae family, which contains many economically significant agricultural pests. Species within Pseudokermes are relatively poorly documented compared to other coccid genera.
scale-insect Coccidae soft-scale Sternorrhyncha sap-feeder
Psylla
jumping plant lice, psyllids
Psylla is the type genus of the family Psyllidae, comprising small sap-sucking insects commonly known as jumping plant lice or psyllids. The genus contains at least 110 described species, each typically associated with specific host plants. Psylla species are phloem-feeders that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap. While some species in related genera such as Cacopsylla are significant agricultural pests, Psylla itself includes species with more restricted host ranges, including Psylla alni on alders, Psylla betulae on birches, and Psylla buxi on boxwood. The genus is distinguished from similar taxa by morphological features and host associations.
psyllids jumping-plant-lice phloem-feeders host-specific Sternorrhyncha plant-galls ornamental-pests
Pterocomma
Willow Bark Aphids
Pterocomma is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as willow bark aphids. Species in this genus are phloem-feeding insects primarily associated with woody host plants in the genus Salix (willows) and Populus (poplars). The genus exhibits a specialized ecological relationship with ants, which frequently tend colonies and mediate dispersal between host plants. Pterocomma species harbor the obligate bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, which provides essential amino acids necessary for survival on their nutrient-poor phloem sap diet.
aphid phloem-feeder ant-mutualism endosymbiosis Buchnera Salix Populus forest-pest Sternorrhyncha Macrosiphini
Pterocomma bicolor
Reddish-brown Willow Bark Aphid
Pterocomma bicolor is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Reddish-brown Willow Bark Aphid. It was described by Oestlund in 1887. The species belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. As a member of the genus Pterocomma, it is associated with willow (Salix) host plants, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Macrosiphini willow-associate bark-aphid
Pulvinaria floccifera
Cottony Camellia Scale, Cottony Yew Scale, Cottony Taxus Scale
Pulvinaria floccifera is a soft scale insect (Coccidae) known for producing conspicuous white, cottony ovisacs that cover eggs. It is a significant pest of woody ornamentals including camellia, holly, yew, and tea plants. The species has a broad global distribution spanning temperate and subtropical regions. Females are sessile and wingless, while males develop wings for mating. Heavy infestations produce honeydew that supports sooty mold growth, reducing plant vigor and aesthetic value.
scale-insect soft-scale pest ornamental tea-pest Coccidae Sternorrhyncha honeydew sooty-mold biological-control-host
Purshivora
Purshivora is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Psyllidae, established by Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Members of this genus are small sap-sucking insects associated with host plants. The genus is placed within the suborder Sternorrhyncha, a group of Hemiptera characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts and often complex plant associations. Specific biological details for Purshivora remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Psyllidae
Purshivora aculeata
Purshivora aculeata is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae. As a member of Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular fluids. The genus Purshivora comprises psyllids associated with host plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), suggesting a specialized plant-insect relationship. Limited observational records exist for this species.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Sternorrhyncha specialist-herbivore Purshia western-North-America
Purshivora media
Purshivora media is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Purshia, commonly known as bitterbrush or cliffrose. The species is native to western North America where its host plants occur in arid and semi-arid shrubland habitats. Like other aphids, it reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable conditions.
aphid Hemiptera Purshia bitterbrush specialist-herbivore western-North-America Rosaceae phloem-feeder parthenogenesis Sternorrhyncha Aphididae plant-insect-interactions arid-shrubland-ecology sagebrush-steppe host-specific-herbivory insect-plant-coevolution xeric-habitat-specialist native-bee-pollinator-habitat wildlife-forage-plant-pest rangeland-entomology montane-shrubland-insect semi-arid-ecosystem-herbivore Rosaceae-feeding-aphid Purshia-glandulosa-associate Purshia-tridentata-associate cliffrose-aphid ant-tended-aphid-potential honeydew-producer natural-history-data-gap western-US-endemism Great-Basin-insect Colorado-Plateau-insect Sierra-Nevada-insect Cascade-Range-insect Rocky-Mountain-insect British-Columbia-insect Washington-insect Oregon-insect California-insect Nevada-insect Idaho-insect Montana-insect Wyoming-insect Utah-insect Arizona-insect New-Mexico-insect undescribed-life-history undescribed-morphology undescribed-behavior taxonomic-revision-needed 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Purshivora nigranervosa
Purshivora nigranervosa is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. The genus Purshivora comprises psyllids associated with plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), suggesting a specialized host relationship. Very few observations of this species exist in scientific databases.
psyllid jumping-plant-louse Sternorrhyncha specialist-herbivore
Putoidae
giant mealybugs, putoids
Putoidae is a family of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) commonly known as giant mealybugs or putoids. The family contains a single genus, Puto Signoret, 1875, with approximately 60 species distributed mainly in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. Putoidae was elevated from Pseudococcidae due to significant morphological differences from other mealybugs. Members of this family are economically important as pests of agricultural crops, including coffee and various cultivated plants.
scale-insects mealybugs agricultural-pests coffee-pests Sternorrhyncha Coccomorpha
Quernaspis
Quernaspis is a genus of armored scale insects in the family Diaspididae, established by G.F. Ferris in 1937. The genus belongs to the economically important group of scale insects that feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Species in this genus are characterized by their protective waxy coverings, which form a shield over the soft body. As with other diaspidids, they are likely associated with woody host plants, though specific host associations for the genus remain incompletely documented.
scale-insect armored-scale Diaspididae plant-pest Sternorrhyncha
Rhinocola aceris
Sycamore psyllid
Rhinocola aceris is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, commonly known as the sycamore psyllid. It is associated with sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and related maple species. The species was originally described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Chermes aceris. Like other psyllids, it feeds on plant sap and can cause gall formation on host leaves.
psyllid Sternorrhyncha Aphalaridae maple-pest gall-former
Rhinocolinae
Rhinocolinae is a subfamily of jumping plant lice (psyllids) within the family Aphalaridae. The subfamily comprises approximately 15 genera, including both extant and one extinct genus (†Protoscena). These insects are small, phloem-feeding Hemiptera associated with host plants, though specific biological details for the subfamily as a whole remain poorly documented in available literature.
psyllids jumping-plant-lice Sternorrhyncha Aphalaridae hemiptera
Rhopalosiphum padi
bird cherry-oat aphid, oat-bird cherry aphid, apple-grain aphid
Rhopalosiphum padi is a globally distributed aphid species and major pest of temperate cereal crops. It exhibits a complex life cycle involving host alternation between a woody primary host (Prunus padus, bird cherry) and herbaceous secondary hosts including barley, oats, wheat, and other grasses. The species is the principal vector of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and several other economically important plant viruses. Unlike some cereal aphids, it does not inject toxins while feeding, so direct damage from feeding is generally less severe than virus transmission losses.
aphid cereal-pest virus-vector BYDV host-alternation banker-plant biological-control temperate-agriculture Prunus-padus Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Sanbornia
Sanbornia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Baker in 1920. The genus belongs to the tribe Aphidini within the subfamily Aphidinae. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, species in this genus possess piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem. The genus is recognized in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life, GBIF, and NCBI Taxonomy.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Aphididae genus
Shivaphis celti
Asian Woolly Hackberry Aphid
Shivaphis celti is an invasive aphid species native to Asia that has established populations in North America. It is a specialist herbivore that feeds exclusively on hackberry trees (Celtis spp.), causing distinctive woolly or waxy secretions on leaves and branches. The species has been documented across much of the continental United States and is considered a nuisance pest in urban areas where hackberry is planted as an ornamental.
invasive-species pest hackberry woolly-aphid phloem-feeder urban-pest specialist-herbivore North-America-introduction Das-1918 Sternorrhyncha Calaphidinae Shivaphidini
Singhiella simplex
Ficus whitefly
Singhiella simplex is an invasive whitefly species in the family Aleyrodidae, native to Asia and now established across multiple continents. It is a specialist pest of Ficus species, causing severe defoliation of ornamental trees and hedges. The species has spread to North America, Europe, the Caribbean, South America, and the Middle East. Its rapid expansion and economic impact on urban landscaping have prompted extensive research into its biology and biological control options.
invasive-species whitefly urban-pest Ficus-pest Aleyrodidae biological-control ornamental-pest phloem-feeder Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Siphini
Siphini is a tribe of aphids within the subfamily Chaitophorinae, first established by Eastop & van Emden in 1972. The tribe includes genera such as Atheroides and Sipha, which exhibit both oviparous and viviparous reproductive modes. Recent taxonomic work has described previously unknown morphs, including alate viviparous females of several species.
aphid Sternorrhyncha Chaitophorinae oviparous viviparous alate oviparae Atheroides Sipha
Siphoninus
ash whiteflies
Siphoninus is a genus of whiteflies in the family Aleyrodidae. The genus includes at least three recognized species: Siphoninus phillyreae (the ash whitefly), S. immaculatus, and S. gruveli. Siphoninus phillyreae is the most extensively studied species, known as a polyphagous pest with a broad global distribution spanning Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. The genus has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, including the revalidation of S. finitimus as a distinct species.
whitefly Aleyrodidae agricultural-pest biological-control polyphagous invasive-species ash-whitefly pomegranate-pest Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder
Stomacoccus
Stomacoccus is a genus of scale insects in the family Steingeliidae, within the order Hemiptera. These insects belong to the suborder Sternorrhyncha, a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus is part of the diverse Coccidomorpha infraorder, which encompasses numerous scale insect lineages. Records of this genus in citizen science platforms indicate it has been documented in field observations, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
scale-insect Sternorrhyncha Coccidomorpha Steingeliidae Margarodidae
Stomacoccus platani
Sycamore Scale
Stomacoccus platani is a scale insect in the family Margarodidae, commonly known as the sycamore scale. It is a specialist herbivore found on sycamore trees (Platanus species), particularly the American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis). The species was described by Ferris in 1917 and is native to North America. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
scale-insect Sternorrhyncha phloem-feeder Platanus sycamore North-America United-States
Tachardiella
lac scales
Tachardiella is a genus of lac scales (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species in this genus are associated with specific host plants and serve as hosts for parasitoid wasps in the genus Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The genus is poorly studied, with limited biological and ecological documentation available.
Kerriidae lac-scales Sternorrhyncha parasitoid-host Tachardiobius California Arizona Mexico Adenostoma
Tetraleurodes mori
Mulberry Whitefly
Tetraleurodes mori is a species of whitefly in the family Aleyrodidae, commonly known as the Mulberry Whitefly. The species feeds on mulberry (Morus spp.) and related plants. It is a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, which includes sap-feeding insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Like other whiteflies, it produces waxy secretions and honeydew, and has been observed in association with its host plants in Florida and other regions where mulberry grows.
whitefly Aleyrodidae mulberry pest sap-feeder Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Florida
Tinocallis
elm aphids, crapemyrtle aphids
Tinocallis is a small genus of aphids in the subfamily Calaphidinae, comprising eight described species. Most species are associated with Ulmaceae (elm family), though one notable exception, T. kahawaluokalani (the crapemyrtle aphid), is a specialist pest of Lagerstroemia indica. Species exhibit holocyclic life cycles with both parthenogenetic summer generations and sexual autumn generations producing overwintering eggs. Several species are economically significant as pests of ornamental trees in urban landscapes.
aphid urban-pest ornamental-tree-pest holocyclic phloem-feeder biological-control Ulmaceae Lagerstroemia Sternorrhyncha Calaphidinae
Tinocallis ulmifolii
Elm Leaf Aphid
Tinocallis ulmifolii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described by Monell in 1879. It is one of eight recognized species in the genus Tinocallis, a small group of aphids primarily associated with the Ulmaceae (elm family). The species is commonly known as the Elm Leaf Aphid.
aphid Sternorrhyncha Ulmaceae-associated Monell-1879 North-American-native
Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae
elm aphid
Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae is a small aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described by Matsumura in 1919. It belongs to the genus Tinocallis, a group of eight species primarily associated with Ulmaceae (elm family). The species is a specialist herbivore feeding on elm foliage. It has been recorded from Europe (Spain, Italy, Great Britain) and the United States.
aphid Ulmaceae elm urban-pest Sternorrhyncha Calaphidinae Hemiptera phloem-feeder ornamental-pest Matsumura-1919
Toumeyella liriodendri
tuliptree scale
Toumeyella liriodendri, the tuliptree scale, is a soft scale insect (Coccidae) native to North America and specialized on Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree or yellow-poplar). This univoltine species overwinters as second-instar nymphs on twigs, matures to adults in spring, and produces eggs that hatch into crawlers in early summer. First-instar nymphs feed on leaf undersides before migrating back to twigs in autumn. Males are unknown; reproduction is presumed parthenogenetic. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback, reduced growth, and honeydew production that supports sooty mold growth. The species has been the subject of recent genomic research, with a 536Mb genome assembly revealing it as an early-diverging soft scale with 17 chromosomes.
scale-insect soft-scale Coccidae Liriodendron tuliptree yellow-poplar univoltine parthenogenesis honeydew sooty-mold forest-pest ornamental-pest genome chromosome-evolution phloem-feeder ant-tended North-America Maryland Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha
Toumeyella mirabilis
Toumeyella mirabilis is a soft scale insect in the family Coccidae, described by Cockerell in 1895. As a member of the genus Toumeyella, it shares characteristics with other soft scales that feed on plant vascular fluids and produce honeydew. The species occurs in North and Middle America, with records from the United States and Mexico. Like related species in the genus, it likely exhibits typical soft scale biology with sedentary adult females and mobile crawler nymphs.
Coccidae Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha scale-insect soft-scale North-America Mexico Cockerell-1895