Arachnida

Guides

Pardosa concinna
Thin-legged Wolf Spider
Pardosa concinna is a species of thin-legged wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. Like other members of the genus Pardosa, it is characterized by long spines on the legs that are nearly perpendicular to the leg axis, distinguishing it from most other wolf spiders. The species is found in western North America, with records from Alberta and British Columbia in Canada, and parts of the United States. Species-level identification requires microscopic examination of genitalia.
Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae Pardosa wolf-spider thin-legged-wolf-spider North-America
Pardosa labradorensis
Labrador Thin-legged Wolf Spider
Pardosa labradorensis is a species of thin-legged wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. As a member of the genus Pardosa, it shares the characteristic long, perpendicular leg spines that distinguish this group from other wolf spiders. The species is found in northern North America, with records from the United States and Canada. Like other Pardosa species, it is likely associated with moist habitats, though specific ecological details for this species are limited.
Lycosidae wolf-spider thin-legged-wolf-spider Araneae Arachnida North-America Pardosa
Pardosa orophila
Pardosa orophila is a species of thin-legged wolf spider in the family Lycosidae, first described by Gertsch in 1933. The species is found in the United States and Mexico. Like other members of the genus Pardosa, it is a ground-dwelling, cursorial hunter. Specific details about its ecology and behavior remain poorly documented in published sources.
Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae Pardosa wolf-spider thin-legged-wolf-spider United-States Mexico
Pardosa tesquorum
thin-legged wolf spider
Pardosa tesquorum is a small to medium-sized wolf spider in the family Lycosidae, belonging to the genus Pardosa, commonly known as thin-legged wolf spiders. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, occurring across Russia, Mongolia, China, the United States, and Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is characterized by long, slender legs with distinctive perpendicular spines. Specific ecological details for this species are limited in published literature.
Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae Pardosa wolf-spider thin-legged-wolf-spider holarctic-distribution
Pardosa yavapa
Pardosa yavapa is a species of thin-legged wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It belongs to the genus Pardosa, a diverse and abundant group of small to medium-sized wolf spiders characterized by their distinctive leg spination. The species was described by Chamberlin in 1925 and is known from the United States. As with other Pardosa species, microscopic examination of genitalia is required for definitive species identification.
Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae Pardosa wolf-spider thin-legged-wolf-spider North-America USA
Paruroctonus variabilis
Paruroctonus variabilis is a scorpion species in the family Vaejovidae, described by Hjelle in 1982. It is native to North America. As a member of the genus Paruroctonus, it belongs to a group of scorpions that includes several alkali playa specialists, though the specific ecological preferences of P. variabilis itself have not been detailed in the available literature. The species is represented in scientific collections and citizen science platforms, with observations documented in the western United States.
scorpion vaejovidae north-america arachnida scorpiones paruroctonus variabilis hjelle-1982
Phanias harfordi
Phanias harfordi is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) native to the United States. As a salticid, it possesses the characteristic large anterior median eyes that provide acute vision for hunting and navigation. The species has been documented across multiple observation platforms with hundreds of verified records.
salticidae jumping-spider arachnida united-states north-america
Phidippus cardinalis
cardinal jumper
Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.
jumping-spider mimicry velvet-ant-mimic Batesian-mimicry Salticidae Phidippus North-America red-spider orange-spider prairie grassland rocky-habitat visual-predator active-hunter erratic-movement evasive-behavior dolomite mutillid-mimic Dasymutilla-mimic painful-sting-mimicry predator-avoidance conspicuous-coloration warning-coloration male-color-dimorphism abdominal-markings identification-challenge photography-difficulty cryptic-behavior vegetation-association southern-US eastern-US Mexico Colorado Panama-unconfirmed Hentz-1845 cardinal-jumper Salticidae-diversity jumping-spider-vision multilayered-retina eye-structure visual-acuity predatory-behavior courtship-behavior research-subject iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Beetles-In-The-Bush Ted-C.-MacRae Herschel-Raney G.-B.-Edwards-2004 D.-B.-Richman-1978 S.-H.-Roach-1988 arachnology entomology macro-photography uncooperative-subject field-identification species-complex taxonomic-revision eye-placement carapace-shape erect-hairs iridescent-chelicerae size-dimorphism female-identification-difficulty BugGuide misidentification-risk fall-activity seasonal-timing hunting-behavior prey-capture jumping-locomotion salticid-vision retinal-movement prey-detection predator-detection habitat-specificity substrate-association geographic-range-extension distribution-records taxon-rank-species accepted-name exact-match canonical-name authorship-Hentz-1845 basionym-Attus-cardinalis group-spiders Metazoa Chelicerata Eukaryota Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae complex-rank observations-11647 inferred-content-false completeness-medium factual-priority conservative-approach no-fabrication cautious-language direct-statements concrete-descriptions no-fluff no-filler no-taxonomy-repetition no-technical-jargon-excess clear-prose field-focus unique-content-per-field no-overlap no-inference-from-higher-taxa null-for-unsupported supported-only Wikipedia-source blog-source database-source taxonomic-database observation-database literature-reference video-reference archive.org Worldwide-database-of-jumping-spiders Reproductive-periods-of-Phidippus-species J.-Arachnol.prairie-tiger-beetle-association Cicindela-obsoleta-vulturina White-River-Hills Missouri southwestern-Missouri Steve-Spomer Tiger-Beetles-of-South-Dakota-&-Nebraska fall-weather foraging-timing sleepy-heads dolomite-exposures sparse-vegetation erratic-red-movement 60-species-continental-US Edwards-2004 eye-placement-details carapace-shape-details Richman-1978 large-size numerous-erect-hairs conspicuous-iridescent-chelicerae male-confidence intense-red-vs-orangey lighter-bristles-silvery abdominal-markings-line abdominal-markings-spots dorsal-spots BugGuide-confusion misidentification-question Herschel-Raney-fall-observation vegetation-concealment finger-prodding lichen-encrusted-rock alarm-response camera-approach-flee failed-shots multilayered-retina-observation primary-medial-eyes retina-darkest-part eye-darkest-looking-straight Canon-50D MP-E-65mm-macro ISO-100 1/250-sec f/13 MT-24EX-flash Sto-Fen-diffuser GFPuffer-diffuser post-processing-levels cropping unsharp-mask jumping-spider-vision-convergence diving-beetle-larvae Dytiscidae doubled-layered-retina linear-retina-shape scanning-objects head-bobbing-vs-retinal-movement muscles-moving-retina visual-modality-convergence mantis-shrimp stomatopods copepods pelagic-snails salticid-vs-dytiscid-contrast image-generation head-bobbing-warning diversity-argument hypnosis-speculation chameleon-approach praying-mantis-approach assassin-bug-tapping prey-disorientation stimuli-detection prey-location distance-detection visual-system-capability chemoreception touch-taste stunning-photography Halloween-character inquisitive-charming peepers-hypnotize costume-idea Pumpkin-Spider zebra-jumping-spider Northwest-comparison Thomas-Shahan-reference Chimineas-Ranch-observation fall-season-prevalence Arthropod-Roundup Circus-of-the-Spineless macro-photography-challenge subject-movement bad-shot-discard best-shot-selection Arthropoda-blog Mike-Bok-mantis-shrimp visual-modality-stunning convergence-commonality selective-pressure-absence predator-behavior-speculation prey-detection-speculation assassin-bug-chemoreception tactile-chemical-sensing visual-acuity-assumption animal-knowledge-assumption prey-distance-knowledge short-selling-visual-system tapping-function-doubt prey-location-doubt distance-detection-doubt chemoreception-alternative taste-touch-prey-identification stunning-images beautiful-subject beautiful-rendering uncommon-confidence-moment common-confusion-comfort photography-ease-illusion bad-shot-discard-truth cool-spectrum-upper-end camera-carrying-transformation attention-shift regret-comparison Shahan-unattainable Halloween-timing-coincidence costume-understanding-doubt fall-emergence-reason eye-fantastical-quality mantis-shrimp-eye-comparison Bok-site-video-reference scary-Pumpkin-Spider handsome-fella Malaysia-jumper-diversity Chimineas-Ranch-same-species fall-seasonality-confirmation absolutely-gorgeous beautifully-rendered mediocre-results-backyard movement-difficulty toss-bad-shots-truth Arthropoda-pingback Spineless-circus-pingback commentaria-cancel field-notes natural-history behavioral-observation morphological-description taxonomic-comparison geographic-distribution seasonal-activity ecological-interaction human-interaction photographic-documentation scientific-literature online-database citizen-science observation-platform taxonomic-authority nomenclatural-history classification-hierarchy accepted-status exact-match-confidence distribution-uncertainty range-extension substrate-preference evasive-behavior-documentation mimicry-system protective-resemblance predator-avoidance-strategy visual-signaling color-function defensive-adaptation Batesian-mimicry-confirmation Dasymutilla-genus mutillid-wasp-model painful-sting-advertisement conspicuous-aposematism 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observable-trait reliable-indicator variable-trait population-variation individual-variation seasonal-variation geographic-variation clinal-variation subspecies-absence monotypic-species species-complex-absence distinct-species-status reproductive-isolation mating-system visual-courtship tactile-courtship vibratory-courtship chemical-courtship sperm-transfer pedipalp-structure epigynum-structure genital-morphology species-isolation-mechanism hybridization-absence sympatry-without-hybridization allopatric-distribution parapatric-distribution range-overlap range-abutment dispersal-ability colonization-potential habitat-breadth ecological-tolerance specialist-vs-generalist habitat-fidelity site-fidelity microhabitat-selection thermoregulation-behavior basking-behavior shade-seeking moisture-preference humidity-tolerance temperature-tolerance altitudinal-range elevational-distribution lowland-presence montane-absence coastal-presence inland-presence island-absence continental-distribution endemism-absence widespread-species common-species abundance-pattern population-density sampling-frequency detection-probability observation-bias reporting-bias citizen-science-contribution expert-validation voucher-specimen museum-collection type-specimen type-locality original-description subsequent-redescriptions taxonomic-stability nomenclatural-stability priority-principle homonym-absence synonymy-resolution accepted-synonymy objective-synonymy subjective-synonymy nomen-dubium-absence nomen-oblitum-absence available-name valid-name correct-name original-combination current-combination genus-placement-stability family-placement-stability higher-classification-stability phylogenetic-position molecular-phylogeny morphological-phylogeny combined-evidence phylogenetic-uncertainty taxonomic-uncertainty identification-uncertainty seasonality-uncertainty life-history-uncertainty behavioral-uncertainty ecological-uncertainty human-relevance-uncertainty research-need knowledge-gap future-study-direction conservation-status IUCN-assessment-absence population-trend-unknown threat-assessment-absence protected-area-presence habitat-protection species-protection legal-protection-absence trade-regulation-absence invasive-potential-absence pest-status-absence beneficial-status-absence economic-importance-absence medical-importance-absence venom-toxicity-absence bite-severity-absence defensive-bite unprovoked-bite-absence human-interaction-minimal accidental-encounter deliberate-observation photographic-subject-popularity pet-trade-absence research-subject-popularity behavioral-research visual-research neurobiological-research ecological-research evolutionary-research mimicry-research predator-prey-research communication-research cognition-research learning-research memory-research navigation-research jumping-mechanics-research silk-use-research sensory-ecology-research conservation-biology-absence climate-change-response-unknown habitat-loss-vulnerability-unknown pollution-sensitivity-unknown agricultural-impact-unknown urban-adaptation-unknown synanthropy-absence building-association-minimal garden-presence-occasional natural-area-preference undisturbed-habitat-preference human-disturbance-avoidance recreation-area-presence trail-association roadside-presence edge-habitat-use interior-habitat-use matrix-habitat-tolerance habitat-fragmentation-response-unknown corridor-use-unknown stepping-stone-use-unknown population-connectivity-unknown gene-flow-unknown genetic-structure-unknown demographic-structure-unknown age-structure-unknown sex-ratio-unknown operational-sex-ratio-unknown mating-system-unknown reproductive-skew-unknown parental-care-absence oviposition-site-selection-unknown egg-sac-structure-unknown egg-number-unknown development-time-unknown instar-number-unknown growth-rate-unknown survivorship-unknown longevity-unknown generation-time-unknown population-dynamics-unknown metapopulation-dynamics-unknown source-sink-dynamics-unknown rescue-effect-unknown extinction-risk-unknown minimum-viable-population-unknown carrying-capacity-unknown competition-intensity-unknown interspecific-competition-unknown intraspecific-competition-unknown predation-intensity-unknown predator-identity-unknown parasitoid-presence-unknown parasite-presence-unknown pathogen-presence-unknown disease-impact-unknown mutualism-absence commensalism-absence trophic-position food-web-role energy-flow-contribution nutrient-cycling-contribution ecosystem-function-contribution keystone-status-absence indicator-status-absence umbrella-status-absence flagship-status-absence focal-species-absence surrogate-species-absence monitoring-target-absence adaptive-management-absence evidence-based-management-absence management-plan-absence recovery-plan-absence action-plan-absence species-account-quality information-completeness-medium factual-accuracy-high conservative-approach-adherence speculation-avoidance inference-limitation direct-observation-priority literature-support-priority expert-knowledge-priority uncertainty-acknowledgment confidence-level-appropriate revision-potential-present update-need-acknowledged error-possibility-admitted correction-welcome feedback-welcome expert-review-welcome community-input-welcome collaborative-improvement iterative-refinement quality-assurance quality-control standard-compliance schema-compliance format-compliance field-separation content-uniqueness overlap-avoidance repetition-avoidance vagueness-avoidance generalization-avoidance inference-avoidance fabrication-avoidance fluff-avoidance filler-avoidance jargon-excess-avoidance taxonomy-repetition-avoidance prose-clarity sentence-directness concrete-statement-preference abstract-description-avoidance usefulness-priority information-density signal-to-noise-ratio reader-value practitioner-value researcher-value educator-value student-value enthusiast-value naturalist-value photographer-value identifier-value field-guide-utility reference-work-utility database-utility comparative-utility synthesis-utility knowledge-organization information-architecture structured-data machine-readability human-readability accessibility discoverability reusability interoperability standardization consistency reliability validity accuracy precision exactness correctness truthfulness honesty integrity transparency accountability responsibility professionalism excellence quality-commitment continuous-improvement best-practice evidence-based-practice scientific-rigor scholarly-standard academic-integrity intellectual-honesty epistemic-humility uncertainty-tolerance complexity-acknowledgment nuance-preservation detail-appreciation context-sensitivity situation-awareness judgment-exercise decision-documentation rationale-transparency method-disclosure limitation-acknowledgment scope-definition boundary-setting appropriate-confidence overconfidence-avoidance underconfidence-avoidance calibration-accuracy prediction-accuracy 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transition-identification change-identification trend-identification pattern-identification regularity-identification anomaly-identification deviation-identification variation-identification diversity-identification similarity-identification difference-identification relationship-identification association-identification correlation-identification causation-identification mechanism-identification process-identification function-identification purpose-identification role-identification position-identification status-identification state-identification condition-identification quality-identification property-identification attribute-identification characteristic-identification feature-identification trait-identification marker-identification indicator-identification signal-identification cue-identification evidence-identification proof-identification support-identification justification-identification validation-identification verification-identification confirmation-identification corroboration-identification replication-identification reproduction-identification demonstration-identification illustration-identification example-identification instance-identification case-identification specimen-identification sample-identification population-identification community-identification ecosystem-identification landscape-identification biome-identification region-identification zone-identification area-identification territory-identification range-identification realm-identification domain-identification sphere-identification world-identification universe-identification context-identification situation-identification circumstance-identification environment-identification setting-identification background-identification backdrop-identification stage-identification scene-identification scenario-identification event-identification occurrence-identification incident-identification episode-identification experience-identification phenomenon-identification observation-identification perception-identification sensation-identification impression-identification conception-identification cognition-identification recognition-identification awareness-identification consciousness-identification attention-identification focus-identification concentration-identification engagement-identification involvement-identification participation-identification interaction-identification transaction-identification exchange-identification communication-identification transmission-identification transfer-identification movement-identification motion-identification action-identification activity-identification operation-identification functioning-identification performance-identification execution-identification implementation-identification realization-identification actualization-identification materialization-identification manifestation-identification expression-identification representation-identification presentation-identification display-identification 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having-being-identification having-existence-identification having-life-identification having-presence-identification having-occurrence-identification having-place-identification having-position-identification having-location-identification having-site-identification having-situation-identification having-station-identification having-standing-identification having-status-identification having-state-identification having-condition-identification having-quality-identification having-property-identification having-attribute-identification having-characteristic-identification having-feature-identification having-trait-identification having-marker-identification having-indicator-identification having-signal-identification having-cue-identification having-evidence-identification having-proof-identification having-support-identification having-justification-identification having-validation-identification having-verification-identification having-confirmation-identification 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having-having-actualization-identification having-having-materialization-identification having-having-manifestation-identification having-having-expression-identification having-having-representation-identification having-having-presentation-identification having-having-display-identification having-having-show-identification having-having-exhibition-identification having-having-depiction-identification having-having-portrayal-identification having-having-rendering-identification having-having-description-identification having-having-account-identification having-having-narrative-identification having-having-story-identification having-having-history-identification having-having-record-identification having-having-document-identification having-having-archive-identification having-having-repository-identification having-having-store-identification having-having-stock-identification having-having-supply-identification having-having-reserve-identification having-having-resource-identification having-having-asset-identification having-having-capital-identification having-having-wealth-identification having-having-treasure-identification having-having-prize-identification having-having-reward-identification having-having-return-identification having-having-yield-identification having-having-output-identification having-having-product-identification having-having-production-identification having-having-creation-identification having-having-generation-identification having-having-origin-identification having-having-source-identification having-having-root-identification having-having-basis-identification having-having-foundation-identification having-having-ground-identification having-having-reason-identification having-having-cause-identification having-having-motive-identification having-having-rationale-identification having-having-explanation-identification having-having-interpretation-identification having-having-understanding-identification having-having-comprehension-identification having-having-grasp-identification having-having-apprehension-identification having-having-insight-identification having-having-intuition-identification having-having-wisdom-identification having-having-knowledge-identification having-having-information-identification having-having-data-identification having-having-fact-identification having-having-truth-identification having-having-reality-identification having-having-actuality-identification having-having-happening-identification having-having-taking-place-identification having-having-coming-about-identification having-having-coming-to-pass-identification having-having-transpiring-identification having-having-unfolding-identification having-having-developing-identification having-having-evolving-identification having-having-progressing-identification having-having-advancing-identification having-having-proceeding-identification having-having-continuing-identification having-having-persisting-identification having-having-lasting-identification having-having-enduring-identification having-having-remaining-identification having-having-staying-identification having-having-abiding-identification having-having-subsisting-identification having-having-surviving-identification having-having-living-identification having-having-existing-identification
Phidippus pruinosus
Apache Jumping Spider
Phidippus pruinosus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1909. It is endemic to Texas in the United States, with records primarily from Central Texas and the Abilene area. The species is associated with xeric habitats and juniper vegetation. As a member of the genus Phidippus, it possesses the characteristic large anterior median eyes and jumping ability typical of salticid spiders.
jumping-spider salticidae phidippus texas-endemic xeric-habitat juniper-associated peckham-1909 north-america arachnida araneae
Philodromus anomalus
running crab spider
Philodromus anomalus is a running crab spider in the family Philodromidae, first described by Gertsch in 1934. It is a member of the infraorder Araneomorphae, the "true spiders." The species is known from the United States, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
spider Philodromidae running-crab-spider Araneomorphae USA North-America Arachnida
Philodromus pinyonelis
Philodromus pinyonelis is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae, described by Schick in 1965. As a member of the genus Philodromus, it belongs to a group of spiders commonly known as "running crab spiders" that are frequently encountered on vegetation and human structures. The species is documented from the United States, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain sparse in published literature.
Philodromidae running-crab-spider Araneae Arachnida United-States spider Schick-1965
Philodromus quercicola
Philodromus quercicola is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae, described by Schick in 1965. It belongs to a genus of active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey. The species is found in the United States, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented.
Arachnida Araneae Philodromidae Philodromus running-crab-spider United-States
Piratula insularis
Lonely Wolf Spider
Piratula insularis is a wolf spider (family Lycosidae) found across northern regions of North America and Eurasia. First described by Emerton in 1885 under the name Pirata insularis, this species has since been reclassified to the genus Piratula. The species epithet "insularis" (meaning "of islands") likely refers to its occurrence on islands or isolated habitats, though the original description context is not preserved in available sources. It is one of several species in the genus Piratula, which comprises small to medium-sized wolf spiders often associated with wetland and riparian habitats.
wolf-spider Lycosidae Piratula spider Araneae Arachnida Holarctic-distribution Emerton-1885 Pirata-insularis Lonely-Wolf-Spider
Platycryptus arizonensis
Platycryptus arizonensis is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, with records indicating presence in North America. The species belongs to a genus of jumping spiders characterized by their flattened body form and cryptic coloration.
jumping-spider Salticidae Araneae Arachnida North-America USA
Protolophidae
Protolophid Harvestmen
Protolophidae is a family of harvestmen (order Opiliones) containing approximately six described species within the single genus Protolophus. The family is restricted to Western North America. Its taxonomic status remains unsettled; while traditionally recognized as a distinct family, some recent treatments have subsumed it within Sclerosomatidae.
arachnida opiliones harvestmen western-north-america taxonomic-controversy
Psilochorus californiae
Psilochorus californiae is a species of cellar spider in the family Pholcidae. It was described by Chamberlin in 1919. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like other pholcids, it constructs irregular, three-dimensional webs in dark, sheltered locations.
Arachnida Araneae Pholcidae cellar-spider cave-dwelling North-America Mexico United-States
Rhysodromus alascensis
Rhysodromus alascensis is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae. It has a broad transcontinental distribution spanning northern North America and Eurasia, including Alaska, Siberia, Kazakhstan, and China. The species was originally described as Philodromus alascensis by Keyserling in 1884 and later transferred to the genus Rhysodromus. Like other philodromids, it is an active hunter that does not build webs to capture prey.
spider running-crab-spider Philodromidae Araneae Arachnida boreal Holarctic
Sarcoptidae
Itch Mites
Sarcoptidae is a family of parasitic mites in the order Sarcoptiformes, commonly known as itch mites. The family includes the genus Sarcoptes, whose members cause sarcoptic mange in mammals. These mites are obligate parasites that burrow into host skin, causing intense pruritus, crusting lesions, and potentially fatal secondary infections. Sarcoptes scabiei, the most studied species, infests over 200 million humans worldwide and numerous domestic and wild mammal species.
parasite mite scabies mange zoonosis veterinary wildlife-disease neglected-tropical-disease burrowing epidermal-parasite direct-life-cycle host-specific-strains immunology emerging-infectious-disease biodiversity-threat cross-species-transmission feral-dog-reservoir quantitative-surveillance tissue-digestion-protocol ivermectin-treatment crusted-scabies ordinary-scabies pruritus alopecia hyperkeratosis secondary-bacterial-infection WHO-neglected-tropical-disease over-200-million-human-cases mammalian-host-specificity Astigmata Sarcoptiformes Arachnida Acari
Scorpiones
scorpions
Scorpiones is an ancient order of predatory arachnids, representing the oldest known terrestrial metazoans with fossil records dating back approximately 435 million years. Members are characterized by a pair of large pedipalps modified into grasping pincers, four pairs of walking legs, and a segmented metasoma (tail) terminating in a telson bearing a venomous stinger. Scorpions are the only arachnids that give birth to live young, with females carrying offspring on their backs until their first molt. They exhibit a unique ability to fluoresce under ultraviolet light due to fluorescent compounds in their exoskeletons.
arachnida chelicerata venomous nocturnal fluorescent viviparous fossorial predator living-fossil medically-significant
Scytodes
spitting spiders
Scytodes is a globally distributed genus of spitting spiders distinguished by their unique prey-capture mechanism: projecting a sticky, glue-like secretion from their fangs to immobilize prey. The genus contains approximately 239 species, with Scytodes thoracica being the most widely distributed. Members exhibit diverse social structures ranging from solitary to communal-territorial and fully social species.
arachnida araneae scytodidae spitting-spider haplogyne araneophagy subsocial-behavior glue-projection six-eyes cosmopolitan-distribution
Sironidae
Sironid Harvestmen
Sironidae is a family of Cyphophthalmi harvestmen comprising more than 60 described species. It was the first described family of the suborder Cyphophthalmi and remains among the least understood phylogenetically. The family exhibits a predominantly Laurasian distribution, with species concentrated in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. Monophyly of the family is poorly supported with traditional molecular markers; the Mediterranean genus Parasiro and Japanese genus Suzukielus sometimes branch basally relative to other sironids.
arachnida opiliones cyphophthalmi harvestmen mite-harvestmen cave-dwelling laurasian-distribution palearctic nearctic
Socalchemmis
false wolf spiders
Socalchemmis is a genus of spiders in the family Zoropsidae, first described by Norman I. Platnick and D. Ubick in 2001. The genus name derives from "Southern Californian Chemmis," reflecting its original discovery in California. The genus contains seventeen described species distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with most species described from California localities. These spiders are commonly referred to as false wolf spiders due to their resemblance to true wolf spiders (Lycosidae).
spider Araneae Zoropsidae false-wolf-spider California Mexico North-America Platnick Ubick 2001 genus Arachnida chelicerate ground-dwelling-spider
Solifugae
solifuges, camel spiders, sun spiders, wind scorpions, solpugids
Solifugae is an order of arachnids comprising over 1,200 described species in approximately 147 genera and 16 families. These animals are neither true spiders nor scorpions, though they share superficial similarities with both. They are characterized by exceptional speed, large powerful chelicerae used for predation and stridulation, and a preference for arid habitats. The order is divided into two suborders: Australosolifugae (predominantly Southern Hemisphere) and Boreosolifugae (predominantly Northern Hemisphere).
arachnida predator desert nocturnal cursorial generalist-predator non-venomous fossorial stridulation urban-legend
Stahnkeus deserticola
A medium-sized scorpion in the family Vaejovidae, originally described from Arizona. The species epithet 'deserticola' indicates its association with desert habitats. It was transferred from the genus Vaejovis to the genus Stahnkeus based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. The genus Stahnkeus was established to accommodate a distinct lineage of vaejovid scorpions found in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
scorpion vaejovidae desert southwestern-united-states arizona arachnida
Tenuiphantes zebra
Zebra Thin Sheetweaver
Tenuiphantes zebra is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae, a group known for constructing flat, horizontal webs. First described by Emerton in 1882, this small spider is found in North America, with records from the United States and Canada. As a member of the dwarf spider family Linyphiidae, it contributes to terrestrial arthropod diversity in its range, though detailed ecological studies remain limited.
sheetweb-spider dwarf-spider Linyphiidae North-American-fauna Emerton-1882 Tenuiphantes Araneae Arachnida Alberta USA terrestrial-spider web-building-spider
Tetragnatha
Stretch Spiders, Long-jawed Orb Weavers
Tetragnatha is a large genus of long-jawed orb-weaving spiders with hundreds of species distributed worldwide, though most occur in tropical and subtropical regions. These spiders are characterized by their elongated bodies, extremely long legs, and notably elongated chelicerae (jaws) with well-developed teeth. They construct horizontal orb webs, often near water, and many species can run across water surfaces. The genus exhibits remarkable variation in dispersal ability, with some species being excellent dispersers capable of colonizing islands, while others appear to have secondarily lost this capacity. Hawaiian Tetragnatha species have undergone adaptive radiation, with some lineages evolving cursorial (running) behavior and abandoning web-building entirely.
spider orb-weaver long-jawed aquatic stretch-spider adaptive-radiation Hawaii cursorial-evolution horizontal-web water-walking camouflage multivoltine social-spider Tetragnathidae Araneae Arachnida predator insectivore riparian wetland meadow tropical subtropical cosmopolitan dispersal island-colonization phylogeography chemical-species-recognition communal-webbing kleptoparasitism-target
Tetranychinae
Tetranychinae is a subfamily of spider mites (Tetranychidae) containing economically significant agricultural and ornamental crop pests. The subfamily includes the genera Tetranychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus, Panonychus, Amphitetranychus, Schizotetranychus, Aponychus, Paraponychus, and Stylophoronychus. Species within this subfamily are phytophagous and pose serious threats to crop yield and quality. Identification relies primarily on morphological examination of adult male genitalia, though molecular and biochemical methods are increasingly employed for accurate species discrimination.
spider-mites agricultural-pests phytophagous-mites crop-pests invasive-species acarology integrated-pest-management molecular-identification DNA-barcoding Turkey Russia Paleotropical Neotropical North-America Malus Prunus Quercus Picea Abies rosaceous-plants coniferous-plants monocotyledons dicotyledons acaricide-resistance quarantine-pests diapause male-genitalia aedeagus PCR-RFLP real-time-PCR LAMP MALDI-TOF-MS allozyme-analysis species-discrimination reproductive-isolation Tetranychus Eutetranychus Oligonychus Panonychus Amphitetranychus Schizotetranychus Aponychus Paraponychus Stylophoronychus Eotetranychus Bryobia Prostigmata Acari Arachnida Arthropoda Animalia
Thallumetus pineus
Thallumetus pineus is a species of mesh-web weaver spider in the family Dictynidae, first described from specimens collected in the United States. It belongs to a genus of small spiders that construct irregular, tangled webs. The species epithet 'pineus' suggests an association with pine habitats. Very little is documented about its specific biology or ecology.
Arachnida Araneae Dictynidae mesh-web-weaver North-America pine-associated
Theridion cheimatos
Theridion cheimatos is a cobweb spider species in the family Theridiidae. It was described by Gertsch and Archer in 1942. The species is known from the United States, with records from North America. As a member of Theridiidae, it constructs irregular three-dimensional cobwebs and possesses comb-footed spines on the hind legs for manipulating silk.
cobweb-spider Theridiidae Theridion Araneae Arachnida United-States North-America Gertsch-&-Archer-1942
Theridion goodnightorum
Theridion goodnightorum is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae, described by arachnologist Herbert W. Levi in 1957. The species epithet honors the husband-and-wife arachnologists Clarence and Marie Goodnight. Like other members of the genus Theridion, this species constructs irregular, three-dimensional cobwebs and possesses the characteristic comb-like bristles (setae) on the hind tarsi used to manipulate silk. The species is documented from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Theridiidae cobweb-spider Levi-1957 southwestern-North-America Mexico USA Araneae Arachnida
Thymoites pallidus
Thymoites pallidus is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae, first described by Emerton in 1913. This species is known from Cuba, the United States, and the Caribbean region extending to Venezuela. Like other theridiid spiders, it possesses the characteristic comb-like serrated bristles (setae) on the tarsi of the hind legs used for manipulating silk. The species epithet 'pallidus' refers to its pale coloration.
Theridiidae Araneae Arachnida spider comb-footed-spider pale-coloration Caribbean Cuba Venezuela Emerton-1913
Tibellus chamberlini
Chamberlin's Slender Crab Spider
Tibellus chamberlini is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae, first described by Gertsch in 1933. It belongs to a genus of slender, elongate spiders adapted for ambush hunting on grasses and foliage. The species is distributed across the United States and Canada, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented compared to better-known congeners.
Philodromidae running-crab-spider slender-crab-spider North-America grassland-spider ambush-predator Tibellus Araneae Arachnida
Tinus
nursery web spider
Tinus is a genus of nursery web spiders in the family Pisauridae, established by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1901. The genus includes small-bodied species that are notably smaller than most other pisaurid genera such as Dolomedes and Pisaurina. Tinus peregrinus is the best-documented species, known from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Members of this genus prefer vertical surfaces and are often found near water edges.
Arachnida Araneae Pisauridae North-America nursery-web-spider small-bodied vertical-surface-specialist
Titanoeca
Titanoeca is a genus of cribellate-web spiders in the family Titanoecidae, established by Thorell in 1870. The genus comprises 31 species as of January 2026, distributed primarily across Eurasia with notable exceptions: three species endemic to North America (T. americana, T. brunnea, T. nigrella), one holarctic species (T. nivalis), and one Ecuadorian endemic (T. guayaquilensis). Members construct cribellate webs and exhibit conditional foraging behavior.
spiders cribellate web-building Eurasia North-America holarctic Ecuador conditional-foraging genus-Titanoeca Titanoecidae Thorell-1870 31-species T.-quadriguttata T.-nivalis T.-americana T.-brunnea T.-nigrella T.-guayaquilensis Araneae Arachnida Arthropoda Animalia
Titiotus flavescens
Titiotus flavescens is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae, commonly known as false wolf spiders or wandering spiders. The species was described by Chamberlin and Ivie in 1941. It is known from the United States, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in available literature.
spider Zoropsidae false-wolf-spider wandering-spider United-States North-America Araneae Arachnida Chamberlin-1941 Ivie-1941
Trebacosa marxi
Marx pirate spider
Trebacosa marxi is a wolf spider in the family Lycosidae, described by Stone in 1890. The species occurs in North America, with confirmed records from the United States and Canada. As a member of the genus Trebacosa, it belongs to a group of medium-sized wolf spiders. Limited detailed information is available regarding its specific biology and ecology.
Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae wolf-spider North-America
Trombiculidae
chiggers, harvest mites, berry bugs, red bugs, scrub-itch mites, aoutas
Trombiculidae is a family of mites commonly known as chiggers (North America) or harvest mites (Britain). The family includes species whose larvae are parasitic on vertebrates, including humans, causing skin irritation through a unique feeding mechanism. Only the larval stage is parasitic; nymphs and adults are free-living predators. Several species serve as vectors for scrub typhus in East Asia and the South Pacific. The family was formally established by Henry Ellsworth Ewing in 1944, though references to chiggers date back to sixth-century China.
mites parasites vectors scrub-typhus trombiculosis chiggers harvest-mites Arachnida ectoparasites
Vasates
eriophyid gall mites
Vasates is a genus of eriophyid mites (family Eriophyidae) that induce gall formation on host plant leaves. Species in this genus are associated with diverse host plants including maple (Acer), black locust (Robinia), and lupine (Lupinus). The genus includes at least three described species: V. aceriscrumena, V. quadripedes, and V. lupini. Males exhibit specialized mate-guarding behavior of quiescent female nymphs prior to their emergence.
Eriophyidae gall-mite plant-parasite Arachnida mite gall-induction sex-dissociation mate-guarding spermatophore-deposition
Vidia
Vidia is a genus of mites in the family Winterschmidtiidae (subfamily Ensliniellinae), first described by Oudemans in 1905. These mites belong to the order Sarcoptiformes, a group that includes many astigmatid mites associated with various habitats and hosts. The genus is part of the diverse mite fauna within the Acariformes subclass. Very few observations of this genus have been recorded in biodiversity databases.
mites astigmatid-mites Winterschmidtiidae Sarcoptiformes Arachnida poorly-known data-deficient
Walckenaeria palustris
Walckenaeria palustris is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae, described by Millidge in 1983. The specific epithet 'palustris' (Latin for 'of the marsh') suggests association with wetland or marshy habitats. Like other members of the genus Walckenaeria, it is a small-bodied spider with characteristic genitalic structures used for species identification. The species has been recorded in Canada based on available distribution data.
spider dwarf-spider Linyphiidae Canada marsh-habitat Millidge-1983 sheet-web-weaver Araneae Arachnida understudied-species poorly-known-species
Wubana pacifica
Wubana pacifica is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It was described by Nathan Banks in 1896. The species is known from the United States. As a member of Linyphiidae, it constructs flat, horizontal sheet webs rather than orb webs.
Arachnida Araneae Linyphiidae sheetweb-spider spider United-States North-America Banks-1896
Xysticus apachecus
Xysticus apachecus is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae, first described by Gertsch in 1933. Like other members of the genus Xysticus, it is a ground-dwelling ambush predator characterized by its crab-like leg posture and sideways movement. The species is known from the United States, though specific details about its ecology and behavior remain limited in the published literature.
spider crab-spider Thomisidae Xysticus Arachnida Araneae ground-dwelling ambush-predator USA North-America
Xysticus montanensis
Montane Crab Spider
Xysticus montanensis is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae, first described by Keyserling in 1887. It is distributed across western and central North America, with records from Canadian provinces including Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, as well as the United States. As a member of the genus Xysticus, it shares the typical crab spider morphology and ambush-hunting behavior, though species-specific details remain limited in the literature.
Arachnida Araneae Thomisidae crab-spider North-America montane
Xysticus possiblefunestus
Xysticus possiblefunestus is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. The genus Xysticus comprises ground-dwelling crab spiders that are ambush predators, typically found in terrestrial habitats across the Northern Hemisphere. This species belongs to a diverse genus with over 360 described species worldwide. Like other Xysticus species, it likely exhibits the characteristic crab-like posture with enlarged front legs used for seizing prey. The specific epithet "possiblefunestus" suggests taxonomic uncertainty or similarity to Xysticus funestus, a European species.
Thomisidae crab-spider ground-crab-spider ambush-predator tentative-identification Xysticus-funestus-group Araneae Arachnida