Blog WotD About Glossary

Auchenorrhyncha

Guides

Sogatella molina
Sogatella molina is a species of delphacid planthopper first described by Fennah in 1963. It belongs to the family Delphacidae, a group of small, often economically significant planthoppers associated with grasses and sedges. The species is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and parts of North America including the southern United States and Mexico.
planthopper delphacid Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Spangbergiella quadripunctata
Spangbergiella quadripunctata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Lawson in 1932. The specific epithet "quadripunctata" refers to four spots, likely indicating distinctive markings on the body. It belongs to the tribe Hecalini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a group of grass-feeding leafhoppers. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states in the eastern and southeastern regions.
leafhopper cicadellidae auchenorrhyncha hemiptera
Spangbergiella viridis
Spangbergiella viridis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. It is classified within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Hecalini. The species was described by Provancher in 1872. Available information is limited to taxonomic classification and basic nomenclatural data.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Hecalini Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Provancher-1872 North-America Cicadomorpha Membracoidea Hecalina
Spathanus acuminatus
Spathanus acuminatus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1896 under the genus Athysanus. It belongs to the tribe Scaphoideini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species has been documented from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and Texas. As a member of the leafhopper family, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants have not been documented in the available sources.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Scaphoideini Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Southwestern-United-States Arizona Texas plant-feeding-insect
Stenocranus felti
Stenocranus felti is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Maine, and Minnesota. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1910. As a member of the Delphacidae, it belongs to a family characterized by the presence of a large, mobile spur on the hind tibia.
planthopper delphacid Auchenorrhyncha North-America Van-Duzee-1910 Stenocraninae
Stenocranus similis
Stenocranus similis is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It was described by Crawford in 1914 and is found in North America, with records from Alabama, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, and Mississippi. As a member of the subfamily Stenocraninae, it belongs to a group of planthoppers characterized by particular morphological traits and ecological associations with grasses and sedges.
planthopper Delphacidae North-America Auchenorrhyncha Stenocraninae Crawford-1914 Hemiptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia
Stictocephala albescens
Stictocephala albescens is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Records indicate this species occurs in eastern and central North America. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body.
treehopper Membracidae Ceresini North-America Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Stictocephala brevicornis
Buffalo Treehopper
A North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its distinctive buffalo-like humped pronotum. First described by Fitch in 1856, this species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species epithet 'brevicornis' refers to its relatively short antennae.
Membracidae treehopper Smiliinae Ceresini North-America Fitch-1856 brevicornis Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera buffalo-treehopper
Stictocephala nervosa
Stictocephala nervosa is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Buckton in 1903. It belongs to the genus Stictocephala, a group known for their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The species has been recorded in New York State. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain poorly documented.
treehopper Membracidae Hemiptera North-America New-York Ceresini Smiliinae Stictocephala insect Auchenorrhyncha
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Membracidae treehopper Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Stictocephala Ceresini Smiliinae Hemiptera sap-feeder pronotum helmet thorn-mimicry plant-feeding-insect phloem-feeder cryptic-coloration camouflage Van-Duzee-1914 Nearctic North-America Florida North-Carolina South-Dakota understudied-species data-deficient taxonomy entomology insect arthropod true-bug auchenorrhynchan cicadomorph leafhopper-relative plant-hopper ornate-pronotum pronotal-extension dorsal-helmet insect-morphology insect-systematics biodiversity natural-history conservation insect-ecology insect-behavior insect-development insect-distribution biogeography species-description type-specimen original-description historical-taxonomy museum-specimen collection-record occurrence-data GBIF iNaturalist citizen-science observation-record range-map distribution-data geographic-range endemic native-species regional-fauna local-biodiversity habitat-specificity host-plant feeding-guild phytophagous herbivore plant-insect-interaction coevolution mimicry defense crypsis evolutionary-adaptation morphological-adaptation exoskeleton-modification structural-coloration insect-identification field-guide diagnostic-character taxonomic-key species-complex cryptic-species morphological-variation geographic-variation phenotypic-plasticity life-history reproduction oviposition nymph instar metamorphosis hemimetabolous incomplete-metamorphosis population-dynamics community-ecology food-web trophic-level primary-consumer ecosystem-function nutrient-cycling energy-flow biological-control pest-status agricultural-relevance forestry urban-ecology invasive-potential climate-change habitat-loss conservation-status data-gap research-need taxonomic-revision phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding integrative-taxonomy natural-history-collection specimen-digitization open-data FAIR-data biodiversity-informatics biological-database taxonomic-authority nomenclature zoological-nomenclature International-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclature type-locality type-specimen-deposition author-citation original-combination current-combination synonymy homonymy nomenclatural-act taxonomic-history classification-system phylogenetic-classification evolutionary-relationships monophyly clade lineage stem-group crown-group divergence-time molecular-clock fossil-record paleontology extant extinct living-fossil evolutionary-history biogeographic-history dispersal vicariance range-expansion range-contraction refugium glacial-relict postglacial-colonization anthropogenic-impact human-disturbance land-use-change urbanization agricultural-intensification pesticide-use habitat-fragmentation connectivity corridor protected-area conservation-planning systematic-conservation-planning priority-area hotspot endemic-area center-of-origin center-of-diversity evolutionary-significant-unit management-unit population metapopulation source-sink-dynamics demography vital-rates survival fecundity generation-time population-growth-rate carrying-capacity density-dependence regulation limiting-factor environmental-stochasticity demographic-stochasticity genetic-stochasticity inbreeding-depression outbreeding-depression genetic-diversity heterozygosity allelic-richness effective-population-size genetic-drift gene-flow migration isolation-by-distance isolation-by-resistance landscape-genetics population-genomics phylogeography historical-demography coalescent-theory approximate-Bayesian-computation species-distribution-model ecological-niche-model habitat-suitability bioclimatic-envelope climate-envelope niche-conservatism niche-evolution realized-niche fundamental-niche biotic-interaction competition predation parasitism mutualism commensalism amensalism facilitation apparent-competition indirect-interaction trophic-cascade top-down-control bottom-up-control mesopredator-release keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant-species characteristic-species indicator-species umbrella-species flagship-species surrogate-species focal-species target-species pest-species invasive-species naturalized-species alien-species non-native-species introduced-species cryptogenic-species range-shift poleward-shift elevational-shift phenological-shift temporal-mismatch trophic-mismatch phenology seasonality voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine partial-generation prolonged-diapause aestivation hibernation overwintering overwintering-strategy cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance freeze-avoidance supercooling cryoprotectant thermal-biology thermoregulation behavioral-thermoregulation microclimate-selection habitat-selection oviposition-site-selection host-selection mate-choice sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice reproductive-isolation prezygotic-isolation postzygotic-isolation speciation allopatric-speciation sympatric-speciation parapatric-speciation peripatric-speciation reinforcement hybridization introgression hybrid-zone cline ecotone contact-zone secondary-contact exogenous-selection endogenous-selection ecological-speciation mutation-order-speciation sexual-conflict sexual-dimorphism sexual-size-dimorphism sexual-dichromatism polymorphism color-polymorphism morph phase gregarious-phase solitary-phase density-dependent-polyphenism reaction-norm genotype-environment-interaction plasticity canalization genetic-assimilation acclimation acclimatization hardening stress-response heat-shock-protein oxidative-stress hypoxia desiccation starvation immune-response innate-immunity humoral-immunity cellular-immunity encapsulation nodulation phagocytosis melanization antimicrobial-peptide phenoloxidase prophenoloxidase lysozyme defensin cecropin diptericin attacin immune-gene immune-pathway Toll-pathway Imd-pathway JAK-STAT-pathway NF-κB relish dorsal immune-memory specific-immunity transgenerational-immune-priming gut-microbiome symbiosis obligate-symbiont facultative-symbiont primary-symbiont secondary-symbiont vertical-transmission horizontal-transmission mixed-mode-transmission nutritional-symbiosis defensive-symbiosis digestive-symbiosis detoxification metabolism biosynthesis vitamin-synthesis amino-acid-synthesis steroid-synthesis cuticle-synthesis chitin-synthesis molting ecdysis ecdysteroid juvenile-hormone insulin-signaling TOR-signaling nutrient-sensing energy-storage lipid-metabolism carbohydrate-metabolism protein-metabolism flight-metabolism respiration tracheal-system spiracle gas-exchange water-balance osmoregulation excretion Malpighian-tubule hindgut rectum cryptonephridial-system ion-transport water-reabsorption nitrogenous-waste uric-acid urea ammonia detoxification-enzyme cytochrome-P450 glutathione-S-transferase carboxylesterase mixed-function-oxidase resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance herbicide-resistance antibiotic-resistance resistance-management resistance-evolution resistance-mechanism target-site-resistance metabolic-resistance behavioral-resistance cuticular-resistance resistance-allele resistance-gene fitness-cost fitness-benefit pleiotropy trade-off life-history-trade-off allocation resource-allocation energy-allocation time-allocation foraging optimal-foraging central-place-foraging patch-use marginal-value-theorem predator-avoidance antipredator-defense masquerade Batesian-mimicry Müllerian-mimicry automimicry intraspecific-mimicry intersexual-mimicry aggressive-mimicry social-parasitism brood-parasitism kleptoparasitism defense-behavior thanatosis death-feigning startle-display deimatic-display eyespot deflection-mark autotomy reflex-bleeding regurgitation defensive-secretion venom toxin allomone kairomone synomone semiochemical pheromone sex-pheromone aggregation-pheromone alarm-pheromone trail-pheromone territorial-pheromone recognition-pheromone signature-mixture cuticular-hydrocarbon volatile-organic-compound olfaction gustation mechanoreception thermoreception hygroreception photoreception vision compound-eye ommatidium rhabdom visual-pigment opsin color-vision polarization-vision motion-detection optomotor-response phototaxis photoperiodism circadian-rhythm biological-clock entrainment zeitgeber circannual-rhythm photoperiod day-length critical-day-length critical-photoperiod diapause-induction diapause-termination diapause-maintenance diapause-development endocrine-control neuroendocrine corpus-allatum corpus-cardiacum prothoracic-gland ecdysiotropin ecdysiostatin allatostatin allatotropin neuropeptide hormone hormone-receptor signal-transduction gene-expression transcription-factor regulatory-gene structural-gene gene-network gene-regulatory-network developmental-gene Hox-gene homeobox segment-polarity-gene gap-gene pair-rule-gene maternal-effect-gene zygotic-gene embryonic-development embryogenesis cleavage blastoderm gastrulation segmentation tagmosis appendage-development imaginal-disc holometabolous complete-metamorphosis larva pupa adult apolysis teneral sclerotization tanning cuticle exoskeleton epicuticle procuticle exocuticle endocuticle resilin sclerotin chitin protein lipid wax cement-layer wax-layer surface-lipid waterproofing anti-wetting anti-fouling self-cleaning structural-color pigmentary-color ommin pteridine carotenoid melanin papiliochrome flavonoid anthocyanin betalain iridescence photonic-crystal diffraction-grating thin-film-interference multilayer-reflector scattering Tyndall-scattering Rayleigh-scattering Mie-scattering non-iridescent-structural-color biochrome biofluorescence bioluminescence luciferin luciferase photoprotein bioluminescent-system counter-illumination burglar-alarm lure communication mate-recognition predator-deterrence aposematism warning-coloration honest-signal dishonest-signal signal-evolution signal-design receiver-psychology sensory-bias sensory-exploitation sensory-trap amplifier attenuator signal-efficacy signal-honesty handicap-principle index-signal conventional-signal assessment-signal territorial-signal dominance-signal submissive-signal aggressive-signal courtship-signal copulatory-signal postcopulatory-signal antagonistic-coevolution chase-away-selection sensory-drive reproductive-character-displacement genetic-exchange admixture hybrid-fitness hybrid-breakdown hybrid-vigor heterosis genetic-load mutational-meltdown founder-effect bottleneck population-expansion invasion-genetics propagule-pressure introduction-effort establishment spread lag-phase exponential-growth logistic-growth Allee-effect demographic-Allee-effect component-Allee-effect strong-Allee-effect weak-Allee-effect critical-population-size minimum-viable-population extinction-risk population-viability-analysis stochastic-model deterministic-model individual-based-model agent-based-model spatially-explicit-model metapopulation-model source-sink-model integrated-population-model state-space-model hierarchical-model Bayesian-model machine-learning artificial-intelligence computer-vision image-recognition automated-identification deep-learning neural-network convolutional-neural-network transfer-learning data-augmentation training-set validation-set test-set accuracy precision recall F1-score confusion-matrix receiver-operating-characteristic area-under-curve model-selection model-validation cross-validation bootstrapping permutation-test null-model randomization-test Monte-Carlo-simulation Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo Gibbs-sampling Metropolis-Hastings-algorithm Bayesian-inference prior-distribution posterior-distribution likelihood-function evidence model-comparison Bayes-factor information-criterion Akaike-information-criterion corrected-AIC Bayesian-information-criterion deviance-information-criterion Watanabe-Akaike-information-criterion cross-validation-information-criterion stacking model-averaging ensemble-model prediction forecasting scenario-analysis sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis propagation-of-uncertainty error-budget confidence-interval credible-interval prediction-interval tolerance-interval statistical-power sample-size effect-size significance-test hypothesis-testing null-hypothesis alternative-hypothesis type-I-error type-II-error false-positive false-negative multiple-comparison Bonferroni-correction false-discovery-rate q-value p-value significance-level alpha-level beta-level statistical-test parametric-test nonparametric-test robust-test exact-test asymptotic-test bootstrap-test jackknife resampling subsampling leave-one-out k-fold stratified-sampling balanced-sampling imbalanced-data class-imbalance oversampling undersampling synthetic-minority-oversampling SMOTE ADASYN cost-sensitive-learning ensemble-method bagging boosting random-forest gradient-boosting XGBoost LightGBM CatBoost support-vector-machine kernel-method radial-basis-function polynomial-kernel linear-kernel sigmoid-kernel decision-tree classification-tree regression-tree pruning cost-complexity-pruning minimum-description-length rule-based-classifier association-rule frequent-pattern apriori-algorithm FP-growth sequential-pattern temporal-pattern spatial-pattern spatiotemporal-pattern time-series-analysis trend-analysis seasonal-decomposition autoregressive-model moving-average-model ARIMA SARIMA exponential-smoothing state-space-model Kalman-filter particle-filter hidden-Markov-model dynamic-Bayesian-network recurrent-neural-network long-short-term-memory gated-recurrent-unit transformer attention-mechanism self-attention multi-head-attention encoder decoder encoder-decoder-architecture sequence-to-sequence-model generative-model generative-adversarial-network variational-autoencoder normalizing-flow diffusion-model energy-based-model Boltzmann-machine restricted-Boltzmann-machine deep-belief-network autoencoder denoising-autoencoder sparse-autoencoder contractive-autoencoder variational-inference expectation-maximization maximum-likelihood maximum-a-posteriori maximum-entropy Occam's-razor parsimony model-complexity overfitting underfitting bias-variance-tradeoff regularization L1-regularization L2-regularization elastic-net dropout early-stopping batch-normalization layer-normalization group-normalization instance-normalization weight-decay mixup cutout cutmix random-erasing autoaugment fast-autoaugment population-based-augmentation neural-architecture-search automated-machine-learning hyperparameter-optimization grid-search random-search Bayesian-optimization sequential-model-based-optimization multi-fidelity-optimization knowledge-distillation teacher-student-model model-compression quantization knowledge-transfer domain-adaptation few-shot-learning zero-shot-learning one-shot-learning meta-learning learning-to-learn metric-learning siamese-network triplet-loss contrastive-learning self-supervised-learning unsupervised-learning semi-supervised-learning weakly-supervised-learning active-learning online-learning incremental-learning continual-learning lifelong-learning curriculum-learning multi-task-learning multi-modal-learning cross-modal-learning representation-learning feature-learning embedding-learning manifold-learning dimensionality-reduction principal-component-analysis t-SNE UMAP word-embedding sentence-embedding document-embedding knowledge-graph-embedding graph-neural-network graph-convolutional-network graph-attention-network message-passing-neural-network relational-graph-convolutional-network inductive-learning transductive-learning homophily heterophily graph-isomorphism Weisfeiler-Lehman-test subgraph-isomorphism graph-matching network-alignment network-embedding node-embedding edge-embedding graph-classification node-classification link-prediction graph-generation graph-synthesis molecular-generation de-novo-design inverse-design retrosynthesis reaction-prediction property-prediction quantitative-structure-activity-relationship QSAR quantitative-structure-property-relationship QSPR molecular-descriptor fingerprint Morgan-fingerprint extended-connectivity-fingerprint circular-fingerprint atom-pair-fingerprint topological-torsion-fingerprint pharmacophore shape-similarity electrostatic-similarity docking scoring-function binding-affinity-prediction protein-ligand-interaction protein-protein-interaction protein-structure-prediction AlphaFold protein-folding contact-prediction distance-prediction angle-prediction torsion-prediction secondary-structure-prediction tertiary-structure-prediction quaternary-structure-prediction protein-design protein-engineering directed-evolution rational-design computational-design de-novo-protein-design enzyme-design catalytic-antibody ribozyme aptamer DNAzyme synthetic-biology genetic-circuit metabolic-engineering metabolic-flux-analysis flux-balance-analysis genome-scale-metabolic-model dynamic-metabolic-model kinetic-modeling stoichiometric-modeling constraint-based-modeling optimization linear-programming mixed-integer-linear-programming quadratic-programming nonlinear-programming dynamic-programming stochastic-programming robust-optimization multi-objective-optimization Pareto-optimality evolutionary-algorithm genetic-algorithm genetic-programming differential-evolution particle-swarm-optimization ant-colony-optimization simulated-annealing tabu-search variable-neighborhood-search iterated-local-search greedy-randomized-adaptive-search scatter-search path-relinking memetic-algorithm hyper-heuristic metaheuristic local-search neighborhood-search hill-climbing random-walk randomized-search Monte-Carlo-tree-search upper-confidence-bound Thompson-sampling multi-armed-bandit contextual-bandit reinforcement-learning policy-gradient actor-critic Q-learning deep-Q-network policy-iteration value-iteration temporal-difference-learning SARSA expected-SARSA double-Q-learning dueling-Q-network prioritized-experience-replay distributed-reinforcement-learning impala A3C asynchronous-advantage-actor-critic PPO proximal-policy-optimization TRPO trust-region-policy-optimization DDPG deep-deterministic-policy-gradient TD3 twin-delayed-deep-deterministic-policy-gradient SAC soft-actor-critic model-based-reinforcement-learning model-predictive-control guided-policy-search imitation-learning inverse-reinforcement-learning apprenticeship-learning behavior-cloning dataset-aggregation DAgger generative-adversarial-imitation-learning third-person-imitation-learning one-shot-imitation-learning meta-reinforcement-learning hierarchical-reinforcement-learning option skill subgoal intrinsic-motivation curiosity-driven-exploration empowerment information-gain prediction-error novelty-seeking diversity-seeking multi-agent-reinforcement-learning mean-field fictitious-play correlated-equilibrium Nash-equilibrium game-theory mechanism-design auction-theory incentive-design social-choice-theory voting-theory fair-division matching-theory market-design algorithmic-game-theory computational-social-choice computational-complexity NP-completeness NP-hardness approximation-algorithm approximation-ratio inapproximability fixed-parameter-tractability parameterized-complexity kernelization treewidth graph-minor forbidden-minor-characterization well-quasi-ordering Robertson-Seymour-theorem graph-structure-theorem bidimensionality-theory meta-theorem Courcelle's-theorem automata-theory finite-automaton pushdown-automaton Turing-machine computability decidability halting-problem Rice's-theorem Gödel's-incompleteness-theorems lambda-calculus combinatory-logic type-theory proof-theory model-theory set-theory forcing large-cardinal axiom-of-choice continuum-hypothesis independence-result consistency-strength reverse-mathematics constructive-mathematics intuitionistic-logic modal-logic temporal-logic epistemic-logic deontic-logic description-logic ontology knowledge-representation semantic-web linked-data RDF SPARQL OWL knowledge-graph entity-linking relation-extraction event-extraction coreference-resolution named-entity-recognition part-of-speech-tagging dependency-parsing constituency-parsing semantic-parsing natural-language-inference textual-entailment natural-language-generation machine-translation summarization question-answering dialogue-system conversational-AI chatbot virtual-assistant speech-recognition speech-synthesis speaker-recognition emotion-recognition sentiment-analysis opinion-mining aspect-based-sentiment-analysis target-dependent-sentiment-analysis stance-detection rumor-detection fake-news-detection fact-checking claim-verification evidence-retrieval argument-mining persuasion-detection deception-detection personality-prediction mental-health-detection suicide-prevention crisis-intervention social-media-mining network-analysis community-detection influence-maximization information-diffusion cascade-modeling epidemic-modeling SEIR-model SIR-model agent-based-epidemic-model compartmental-model network-epidemic-model metapopulation-epidemic-model spatial-epidemic-model stochastic-epidemic-model branching-process renewal-equation generation-interval serial-interval incubation-period latent-period infectious-period basic-reproduction-number effective-reproduction-number herd-immunity-threshold vaccination-coverage vaccine-efficacy vaccine-effectiveness breakthrough-infection waning-immunity immune-escape variant-of-concern variant-of-interest variant-under-monitoring phylogenetic-analysis molecular-clock-analysis phylodynamics viral-evolution antigenic-drift antigenic-shift zoonotic-spillover reservoir-host intermediate-host amplifying-host dead-end-host vector-borne-disease mosquito-borne-disease tick-borne-disease flea-borne-disease lice-borne-disease midge-borne-disease sandfly-borne-disease tsetse-borne-disease blackfly-borne-disease triatomine-borne-disease kissing-bug Chagas-disease trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis malaria dengue yellow-fever Zika-virus chikungunya West-Nile-virus Japanese-encephalitis tick-borne-encephalitis Lyme-disease Rocky-Mountain-spotted-fever ehlichiosis anaplasmosis babesiosis tularemia plague murine-typhus epidemic-typhus endemic-typhus scrub-typhus Q-fever trench-fever bartonellosis cat-scratch-disease rat-bite-fever leptospirosis brucellosis anthrax melioidosis glanders tularaemia francisellosis coxiellosis rickettsiosis orientia-infection ehrlichiosis neoehrlichiosis neorickettsiosis anaplasmataceae rickettsiaceae coxiellaceae bartonellaceae brucellaceae francisellaceae pasteurellaceae legionellaceae chlamydiaceae mycoplasmataceae ureaplasmataceae spiroplasmataceae achaenoplasmataceae entomoplasmataceae haloplasmataceae tenericutes mollicutes bacteroidetes fusobacteria spirochaetes synergistetes deferribacteres thermotogae aquificae caldiserica caldithrix deferrisoma desulfurobacterium thermovibrio thermocrinis hydrogenobacter sulfurihydrogenibium persephonella hydrogenobaculum hydrothermus thermothrix sulfuricurvum sulfurimonas sulfurovum thiovulum thiomicrospira pseudomonas vibrio aeromonas photobacterium aliivibrio gracilibacillus halobacillus halomonas chromohalobacter cobetia salinicola kushneria halotalea halovibrio salinivibrio thioalkalivibrio thiohalophilus ectothiorhodospira halorhodospira thiorhodospira halochromatium thioflavicoccus marichromatium thiocapsa lamprocystis thiodictyon thiopedia amoebobacter thiocystis chromatium allo-chromatium thermochromatium rhabdochromatium thiobaca thiohalocapsa halocapsa thiolamprovum thioploca thiomargarita beggiatoa methylococcus methylomonas methylomicrobium methylosinus methylocystis methylocella methylocapsa methylacidiphilum verrucomicrobia planctomycetes chlamydiae lentisphaerae kiritimatiellaeota calditrichaeota fervidibacteria
Stictolobus borealis
Stictolobus borealis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Caldwell in 1949. The species is known from limited distributional records in Nebraska. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Detailed biological information for this species remains sparse in published literature.
treehopper Membracidae Smiliinae Ceresini Nebraska United-States Caldwell-1949 Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Stobaera
Stobaera is a genus of delphacid planthoppers established by Stål in 1859, containing approximately 14 described species. These insects belong to the family Delphacidae, a diverse group of small planthoppers characterized by a distinctive movable spur on the hind tibia. The genus is part of the large superfamily Delphacoidea within the order Hemiptera. Species in this genus are found in various regions and are documented through hundreds of observational records.
Delphacidae planthopper genus Auchenorrhyncha New-World
Stobaera concinna
Stobaera concinna is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It was described by Stål in 1854. The species occurs across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. As a member of Delphacidae, it belongs to a family characterized by species that often feed on grasses and sedges, though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented.
planthopper delphacid Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Delphacidae
Stobaera pallida
Stobaera pallida is a delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Osborn in 1905. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the United States (Delaware, Florida, Maryland) and Mexico (Distrito Federal, Hidalgo). As a member of the planthopper family Delphacidae, it belongs to a group characterized by jumping hind legs and association with grasses and sedges, though species-specific biology remains poorly documented.
planthopper delphacid Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha North-America Central-America
Streptanus confinis
Streptanus confinis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is a small, active insect in the order Hemiptera. The species has been recorded from North America (Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia) and parts of Russia (Chelyabinsk, Chuvash). It is known from limited observations.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Syndelphax alexanderi
Syndelphax alexanderi is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Metcalf in 1923. It belongs to the genus Syndelphax, a group of small planthoppers characterized by reduced wing venation and distinctive genitalia. The species is documented from multiple states in the southeastern United States.
planthopper delphacid Auchenorrhyncha North-America Southeastern-United-States
Syndelphax fallax
Syndelphax fallax is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Muir in 1926. The species is currently accepted under the genus Syndelphax, though it has been synonymized with Delphacodes fallax in some taxonomic treatments. As a member of the Delphacidae, it belongs to a family of small, sap-feeding insects commonly known as delphacid planthoppers. The genus Syndelphax comprises species typically associated with grasses and sedges.
planthopper Delphacidae Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera grassland-insect
Syndelphax nigripennis
Syndelphax nigripennis is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is characterized by dark wing coloration as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to a genus of small, delicate planthoppers typically associated with grass and sedge habitats. Records indicate occurrence in the Caribbean region and Texas.
planthopper delphacid Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera Caribbean Texas grassland-insect
Synecdoche irrorata
Synecdoche irrorata is a species of planthopper in the family Achilidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. This small hemipteran belongs to a group of fulgoroid insects commonly known as achilid planthoppers. Members of this family are typically associated with fungal-feeding habits and are often found in wooded habitats. The species is known from western North America, with records from California and Baja California.
Achilidae planthopper Hemiptera North-America California Baja-California Van-Duzee-1914 fulgoroid Auchenorrhyncha
Synecdoche tricolor
Synecdoche tricolor is a species of planthopper in the family Achilidae, described by O'Brien in 1971. The genus Synecdoche belongs to the tribe Plectoderini within the subfamily Myconinae. Members of the Achilidae are typically found in association with fungi, often in decaying wood or leaf litter habitats. The specific epithet "tricolor" likely refers to a three-colored pattern in the species' coloration.
Achilidae planthopper Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha United-States Arizona 1971 O'Brien
Tacuini
Discreet Cicadas
The Tacuini are a tribe of cicadas established by William Lucas Distant in 1904. Most genera were historically classified under Cryptotympanini, but Tacuini was confirmed valid due to date priority following taxonomic revision. The tribe includes two monogeneric subtribes (Heteropsaltriina and Nggelianina) restricted to Melanesia, and the widespread subtribe Tacuina. Notable genera include Cryptotympana, Cacama, Chremistica, Psaltoda, and the type genus Tacua.
cicadas Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera
Tagosodes wallacei
Tagosodes wallacei is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Muir and Giffard in 1924. It belongs to the large group of true bugs known as planthoppers, which are characterized by their jumping hind legs and association with grasses and other monocot plants. The genus Tagosodes is part of the diverse planthopper fauna of the Americas, with this species recorded from regions including Florida, Mexico, and Brazil.
planthopper Delphacidae Auchenorrhyncha Neotropical Florida Mexico Brazil Caribbean
Telamona dorana
Telamona dorana is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. As a member of the genus Telamona, it shares the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of this group. The species is part of the diverse Nearctic fauna of Smiliinae, a subfamily known for varied pronotal ornamentation. Information specific to this species remains limited in published literature.
treehopper membracid smiliinae telamonini nearctic florida 1931 ball auchenorrhyncha cicadomorpha membracoidea hemiptera insecta arthropoda animalia
Telamona reclivata
Telamona reclivata is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Telamonini, characterized by pronotal modifications typical of the genus. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species belongs to a group known for their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronota that extend over the thorax. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The species has been documented across western and central North America.
treehopper Membracidae Nearctic Telamonini Smiliinae Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha
Telamona stephani
Telamona stephani is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Wallace in 2018. It belongs to the genus Telamona, a group of North American treehoppers characterized by their enlarged pronotum that forms distinctive helmet-like or horn-like structures. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited. Treehoppers in this genus are generally associated with woody host plants and are known for their complex pronotal morphology.
treehopper Membracidae Telamona Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Hemiptera insect North-America 2018-description
Telonaca ramona pasadena
Telonaca ramona pasadena is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which forms distinctive helmet-like or thorn-like structures. The subspecies epithet "pasadena" suggests a geographic association with the Pasadena area of California.
treehopper Membracidae Telamonini California-endemic subspecies Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha
Thionia elliptica
Thionia elliptica is a species of issid planthopper in the family Issidae, first described by Germar in 1830. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States.
planthopper issid Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Issidae Thionia North-America
Thionia omani
Thionia omani is a species of planthopper in the family Issidae, first described by Doering in 1938. It belongs to the superfamily Fulgoroidea, a diverse group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as planthoppers. The specific epithet "omani" suggests a connection to Oman, though the precise type locality and original collection details require verification from the original description. As a member of Issidae, it possesses the characteristic body form of this family, with a somewhat flattened, often compact body and wings that may be reduced or fully developed.
planthopper Issidae Fulgoroidea Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Tiaja
Tiaja is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Megophthalminae. It was established by Oman in 1941. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Megophthalmini, a group characterized by enlarged eyes and associated with particular host plant relationships. The genus is part of the diverse leafhopper fauna of the New World.
leafhopper Megophthalmini Auchenorrhyncha
Tibicinoides catalina
Tibicinoides catalina is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, originally described as Okanagana catalina by Davis in 1936. The specific epithet 'catalina' likely refers to the Santa Catalina Mountains in southern Arizona, a region with notable cicada diversity. Like other cicadas, this species has piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes subterranean nymphal development before emerging as adults. The genus Tibicinoides is part of the tribe Tibicinini within the subfamily Tibicininae.
cicada Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Cicadidae Tibicininae Arizona Santa-Catalina-Mountains North-America insect true-bug
Tibicinoides hesperia
Tibicinoides hesperia is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, subfamily Tibicininae. The species was described by Uhler in 1876 and is native to western North America. It is one of approximately 80 observations recorded on iNaturalist, indicating it is encountered with moderate frequency by naturalists. The species has been treated as a synonym of Okanagana hesperia in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group of cicadas.
cicada Hemiptera Tibicininae western-North-America Auchenorrhyncha
Tibicinoides pallidula
Tibicinoides pallidula is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, originally described as Okanagana pallidula by Davis in 1917 before being transferred to the genus Tibicinoides. It belongs to the subfamily Tibicininae and tribe Tibicinini. As a member of the Auchenorrhyncha, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The species epithet 'pallidula' suggests pale coloration.
cicada Hemiptera Cicadidae Tibicinoides Auchenorrhyncha incomplete-metamorphosis
Tibicinoides striatipes
Tibicinoides striatipes is a North American cicada species described by Haldeman in 1852. It belongs to the subfamily Tibicininae, a group of small to medium-sized cicadas often associated with grassland and open habitat ecosystems. The species is part of a genus historically placed in the tribe Tibicinini, though taxonomic boundaries within this group have undergone revision. Like other cicadas, it produces sound through tymbal organs for communication.
cicada Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Cicadidae Tibicininae North-America
Tibicinoides uncinata
Tibicinoides uncinata is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, originally described as Okanagana uncinata by Van Duzee in 1915 before being transferred to the genus Tibicinoides. It belongs to the subfamily Tibicininae, a group of cicadas primarily distributed in western North America. The species epithet "uncinata" (meaning "hooked") likely refers to some morphological feature of the species. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only six records in iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.
Cicadidae Tibicininae western-North-America Van-Duzee-1915 rarely-documented Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha
Timonidia
Timonidia is a genus of planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae, subfamily Orgeriinae. The genus was established by Ball and Hartzell in 1922. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Orgeriini and subtribe Orgeriina. As with other Dictyopharidae, species in this genus are likely characterized by elongated head processes and association with grassland or open habitat vegetation.
planthopper Dictyopharidae Orgeriinae Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Hemiptera insect
Timonidia solitaria
Timonidia solitaria is a species of planthopper in the family Dictyopharidae, described from California in 1922. The genus Timonidia is placed in the subfamily Orgeriinae, a group of dictyopharid planthoppers often associated with arid and semi-arid habitats. Like other members of this family, it likely possesses an enlarged, often elaborately modified head structure characteristic of many fulgoromorphs. The specific epithet 'solitaria' suggests this species may occur singly or in low densities relative to congeners.
planthopper Dictyopharidae Orgeriinae California-endemic Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha 1922-description Ball Hartzell
Tinobregmini
Tinobregmini is a tribe of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) established by Oman in 1949, classified within the subfamily Coelidiinae. The tribe is represented by relatively few observations, with 163 records documented on iNaturalist. As a higher-level taxon, its members share morphological characteristics typical of the Coelidiinae, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing Tinobregmini from related tribes remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Coelidiinae Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera tribe
Tortistilus albidosparsus
Tortistilus albidosparsus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Stål in 1859. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Tortistilus is part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from western North America. Species in this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal structures typical of the Ceresini.
treehopper membracidae ceresini smiliinae auchenorrhyncha nearctic california mexico pronotum hemiptera
Tortistilus lateralis
Tortistilus lateralis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Funkhouser in 1936. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The species has been recorded from Illinois and North Carolina in the United States. Treehoppers in this family are known for their enlarged pronotum that often extends into elaborate structures, though specific morphological details for this species are not well documented in available sources.
treehopper Membracidae North-America Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Toya
Toya is a genus of planthoppers in the family Delphacidae, established by Distant in 1906. These insects belong to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha within the order Hemiptera. The genus is part of the diverse planthopper fauna, with members typically associated with grasses and other herbaceous plants. Toya species are small, delicate insects with characteristic morphological features typical of delphacid planthoppers.
planthopper Delphacidae Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera grass-feeding
Toya idonea
Toya idonea is a delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae, first described by Beamer in 1947. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Specific records exist from the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi) and Brazil (Bahia). As a member of Delphacidae, it belongs to a family characterized by a movable spur on the hind tibia, a trait distinguishing delphacids from other planthopper families.
planthopper delphacid Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Neotropical Nearctic
Traxus
Traxus is a genus of planthoppers in the family Issidae, established by Metcalf in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Thioniini within the subfamily Issinae. Members of this genus are part of the diverse Fulgoroidea superfamily, which contains many economically important and morphologically distinctive planthopper groups. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with minimal observational records available.
planthopper issid fulgoroidea auchenorrhyncha hemiptera
Traxus fulvus
Traxus fulvus is a species of planthopper in the family Issidae, first described by Metcalf in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Thioniini within the subfamily Issinae. The species is recorded from the southern United States and northeastern Mexico, with confirmed observations from Texas, Hidalgo, and Tamaulipas. Like other issid planthoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem, though specific host plants remain unrecorded.
planthopper Issidae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Thioniini North-America Mexico Texas
Trichaetipyga
Trichaetipyga is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Ceresini. The genus was established by Caldwell in 1949. It is placed within the diverse Membracidae family, which is characterized by enlarged pronota that often form elaborate projections. As a genus-level taxon, it serves as a grouping for species sharing derived morphological features, though detailed biological information remains limited.
treehopper Membracidae Smiliinae Ceresini Auchenorrhyncha
Tropiduchinae
Tropiduchinae is a subfamily of planthoppers within the family Tropiduchidae, established by Stål in 1866. The subfamily encompasses numerous tribes and genera distributed globally, with particularly diverse representation in tropical and subtropical regions. Members share the general body plan characteristic of tropiduchid planthoppers, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing the subfamily from other tropiduchid subfamilies require specialist examination. The group includes both extant and extinct lineages, with the fossil tribe †Emilianini documented from Eocene deposits.
planthopper Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Tropiduchidae subfamily Hemiptera tropical-insects
Trypanalebra maculata
Trypanalebra maculata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. The species was originally described as Protalebra maculata by Baker in 1903 and later transferred to the genus Trypanalebra. It belongs to the tribe Alebrini, a group of small, often economically significant leafhoppers. Distribution records indicate presence in the southwestern United States (Arizona, Texas) and parts of Mexico and Central America (Michoacán, Managua, San Marcos).
leafhopper Cicadellidae Typhlocybinae Alebrini Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Tumecauda schaefferi
Tumecauda schaefferi is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae. It was described by Goding in 1930. The genus Tumecauda is characterized by a pronounced caudal (tail-like) projection extending from the dorsal surface of the pronotum, a distinctive feature among treehoppers. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this species, which appears to be rarely encountered and poorly documented in the scientific literature.
treehopper Membracidae Auchenorrhyncha Stegaspidinae rarely-documented Arizona-endemic
Twiningia pellucida
Twiningia pellucida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1909. It is classified within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Platymetopiini. The species is known from California, with limited observational records available.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Platymetopiini California-endemic Auchenorrhyncha
Typhlocybella minima
Typhlocybella minima is a minute leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1903. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group commonly known as the typhlocybine or 'sharpshooter' leafhoppers, many of which are associated with specific host plants. The species has been recorded from scattered localities in the Americas and Hawaii, suggesting either a broad native range or possible human-mediated dispersal. As with most members of its genus, detailed biological information remains limited.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Typhlocybinae Typhlocybella Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha minute tiny insect true-bug
Unoka dramatica
Unoka dramatica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Hamilton in 2002. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a diverse group of leafhoppers commonly found in North America. The species is known from limited distribution records in British Columbia, Canada. As with many recently described leafhopper species, detailed information about its biology, ecology, and behavior remains sparse in the published literature.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha North-America British-Columbia Hamilton-2002