Trichoptera
Guides
Neophylax
autumn mottled sedges
Neophylax is a genus of caddisflies commonly known as autumn mottled sedges, containing more than 30 described species. Larvae are aquatic case-builders that construct protective cases using silk and materials gathered from streambeds, including sand, stones, shells, and plant material. The genus exhibits notable life history diversity, with species showing temporal and spatial segregation in stream systems. Adults typically emerge in autumn, giving rise to the common name.
Neophylax aniqua
Neophylax aniqua is a species of caddisfly (order Trichoptera) first described by Ross in 1947. The species occurs in North America, with documented populations in southern Ontario and Vermont. Larvae inhabit cool headwater sections of streams and construct protective cases using silk and gathered materials. Adults emerge in September and October following a summer prepupal diapause.
Neophylax concinnus
Neophylax concinnus is a species of caddisfly (order Trichoptera) described by McLachlan in 1871. As a member of the family Uenoidae, it belongs to a group of case-building caddisflies whose larvae construct protective cases using silk and gathered materials. The species is recorded from North America, though specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain limited in the available literature.
Neophylax consimilis
Neophylax consimilis is a caddisfly species in the family Uenoidae, first described by Betten in 1934. Its larvae construct protective cases using silk and materials gathered from aquatic environments, with documented instances of exceptionally beautiful cases built from stones of varying colors. The species is found in North America and is part of the Nearctic fauna.
Neophylax fuscus
Neophylax fuscus is a species of caddisfly in the family Uenoidae (formerly placed in Thremmatidae). It occurs in North America. Like other members of the genus Neophylax, the larvae are case-building caddisflies that construct protective cases using silk and materials gathered from their aquatic environment.
Neophylax kolodskii
Kolodski's caddisfly
Neophylax kolodskii is a species of caddisfly in the family Uenoidae (formerly placed in Thremmatidae), described by Parker in 2000. It is known from North America. Larvae of the genus Neophylax are case-building caddisflies that construct protective cases using silk and gathered materials such as sand, stones, and plant fragments.
Neophylax mitchelli
Neophylax mitchelli is a North American caddisfly species in the family Uenoidae. Like other members of its genus, it has aquatic larvae that construct protective cases from silk and environmental materials. The species was described by Carpenter in 1933.
Neophylax rickeri
Neophylax rickeri is a caddisfly species in the family Uenoidae, described by Milne in 1935. Larvae construct protective cases using silk and materials gathered from their aquatic environment. The species has been studied in northern California streams, where its life history characteristics have been documented.
Neophylax splendens
Neophylax splendens is a species of caddisfly in the family Uenoidae (formerly Thremmatidae). Larvae construct protective cases using silk and materials gathered from streambeds. The species was first described from North America in 1948 and has since been recorded in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan, Canada, representing a significant biogeographical extension linking montane regions of British Columbia and Utah to the southwestern corner of Saskatchewan.
Neothremma
Neothremma is a genus of caddisflies in the family Uenoidae, established by Dodds and Hisaw in 1925. The genus contains at least one described species, Neothremma siskiyou, known as the Siskiyou caddisfly, which is found in California. As a member of the Uenoidae, it belongs to a family of case-making caddisflies associated with cool, flowing waters.
Neothremma alicia
Neothremma alicia is a species of caddisfly in the family Uenoidae, first described by Dodds & Hisaw in 1925. It belongs to the order Trichoptera, a group of aquatic insects whose larvae construct protective cases from silk and environmental materials. The genus Neothremma is part of the subfamily Uenoinae within the superfamily Limnephiloidea. Very little specific biological information is available for this species.
Nerophilus californicus
California Mortarjoint Caddisfly
Nerophilus californicus is a species of caddisfly in the family Odontoceridae, commonly known as the California Mortarjoint Caddisfly. It was described by Hagen in 1861 and is native to North America. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it represents one of approximately 60 observation records documented on iNaturalist. The species belongs to a family whose larvae are typically associated with lotic (flowing water) habitats.
Neureclipsis
tube maker caddisflies
Neureclipsis is a genus of net-spinning caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae, containing at least eight described species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. Larvae construct elaborate silken catchnets to capture drifting invertebrate prey in lotic freshwater habitats. The genus includes the well-studied species N. bimaculata, whose life history and feeding ecology have been investigated in North American and European populations.
Neureclipsis crepuscularis
tube maker caddisfly
Neureclipsis crepuscularis is a species of tube-making caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae. It is a small aquatic insect whose larvae construct silk tubes for shelter. The species is documented in North America, with records from the northeastern United States including Vermont. As a member of Polycentropodidae, it belongs to a family of predatory or parasitic caddisflies.
Nyctiophylax
Nyctiophylax is a genus of caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae, established by Brauer in 1865. Species in this genus are small, predatory caddisflies whose larvae construct silken retreats in freshwater habitats. The genus has been documented from Colombia, though its actual distribution likely extends more broadly across the Neotropics. Adults are generally small with reduced wing venation characteristic of the family.
Ochrotrichiinae
microcaddisflies
Ochrotrichiinae is a subfamily of microcaddisflies within the family Hydroptilidae, comprising approximately 430 species across nine genera. The subfamily is most diverse in the Neotropics, with additional representation in the Nearctic and Australasian regions, including an endemic genus in New Caledonia. Phylogenetic analyses support its monophyly with the exclusion of Dibusa. The subfamily originated in the New World during the early Cretaceous, approximately 116 million years ago, with subsequent dispersal to Australasia via trans-Antarctic routes.
Odontoceridae
Mortarjoint Casemaker Caddisflies
Odontoceridae is a family of caddisflies (order Trichoptera) commonly known as mortarjoint casemakers. The family contains approximately 12 genera and at least 100 described species. Larvae are aquatic case-builders that typically construct cases from mineral particles such as sand and small stones. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution with representatives in North America, Europe, South America, and other regions. Adults are generally active during spring and summer months.
Oecetis
long-horned caddisflies
Oecetis is a genus of long-horned caddisflies in the family Leptoceridae, containing over 500 described species worldwide. Adults are distinguished by exceptionally long maxillary palps and an unbranched forewing M vein. Larvae inhabit freshwater environments including lakes, streams, and rivers with sandy substrates. The genus is among the largest and most widely distributed caddisfly genera, occurring in all faunal regions.
Oecetis cinerascens
Ashy Long-horned Caddisfly
Oecetis cinerascens is a species of long-horned caddisfly in the family Leptoceridae, commonly known as the Ashy Long-horned Caddisfly. It is native to North America and was first described by Hagen in 1861 under the basionym Setodes cinerascens. As a member of the Leptoceridae, it possesses the characteristically elongated antennae that give this family its common name. The species has been documented through over 500 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is regularly encountered by naturalists.
Oecetis inconspicua
Inconspicuous Long-horned Caddisfly
Oecetis inconspicua is a species of long-horned caddisfly in the family Leptoceridae. It is found in North America, with additional records from Brazil. The species belongs to a family characterized by larvae that construct portable cases and adults with notably elongated antennae.
Oligostomis
giant casemakers
Oligostomis is a genus of giant casemaker caddisflies in the family Phryganeidae, established by Kolenati in 1848. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. One species, O. ocelligera, has been documented inhabiting acidic mine drainage environments in Pennsylvania, demonstrating tolerance to extreme pH conditions. Members construct portable cases from plant material, characteristic of the family.
Oligostomis pardalis
Giant casemaker
Oligostomis pardalis is a species of giant casemaker caddisfly in the family Phryganeidae. It is found in North America, where it inhabits freshwater environments. The species was first described by Walker in 1852. Two subspecies are recognized: O. p. pardalis and O. p. redmani.
Oxyethira forcipata
microcaddisfly
Oxyethira forcipata is a species of microcaddisfly described by Mosely in 1934. It belongs to the family Hydroptilidae, which contains the smallest members of the order Trichoptera. The species is known from North America and is characterized by reduced wing venation typical of the genus.
Oxyethira serrata
Oxyethira serrata is a species of microcaddisfly in the family Hydroptilidae, described by Ross in 1938. The species belongs to a genus characterized by reduced wing venation and small adult size typical of this family. Records indicate presence in North America within the Nearctic region. As with other Hydroptilidae, adults are likely associated with aquatic or riparian habitats where larval development occurs.
Oxyethira zeronia
microcaddisfly
Oxyethira zeronia is a species of microcaddisfly described by Ross in 1941. It belongs to the family Hydroptilidae, the largest family of caddisflies, whose members are characterized by their small size and reduced wing venation. The species is recorded from North America, though specific habitat and ecological details remain poorly documented.
Parapsyche apicalis
Parapsyche apicalis is a species of net-spinning caddisfly in the family Hydropsychidae, originally described as Arctopsyche apicalis by Banks in 1908. The species belongs to the subfamily Arctopsychinae and is found in North America. As a member of Hydropsychidae, larvae construct fixed retreats and capture nets to filter food particles from flowing water.
Pedomoecus
early smoky wing sedges
Pedomoecus is a genus of caddisflies in the family Apataniidae, established by Ross in 1947. The genus contains one described species, Pedomoecus sierra. Members are classified as "early smoky wing sedges," indicating spring-emerging adults with darkened wings.
Pedomoecus sierra
Pedomoecus sierra is a species of caddisfly in the family Apataniidae, described by Ross in 1947. It is known from the Sierra Nevada region of California. Like other members of the order Trichoptera, the larvae are aquatic and construct protective cases from silk and environmental materials. The specific epithet 'sierra' refers to its type locality in the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Phanocelia
Phanocelia is a genus of northern caddisflies in the family Limnephilidae. The genus contains one described species, Phanocelia canadensis. Larvae of this species inhabit acidic bog ponds, specifically within floating Sphagnum moss at the water margin. The life cycle is univoltine with autumnal adult emergence.
Phanocelia canadensis
Phanocelia canadensis is a northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae, first described by Banks in 1924. The species has been documented at the southern extreme of its range, where studies have examined its habitat preferences and life history traits adapted to northern conditions. As a member of the Limnephilidae, it belongs to a diverse family of caddisflies whose larvae construct portable cases from plant material or sand.
Philocasca
Philocasca is a genus of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) established by Ross in 1941, containing species native to western North America. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with three species (P. alba, P. thor, and P. antennata) transferred to the new genus Montiphylax based on morphological distinctions in wing patterns, genitalia structure, and larval setae. Remaining Philocasca species include P. banksi, P. demita, P. oron, and P. rivularis. The genus exhibits notable ecological diversity, including both aquatic and terrestrial larval habits.
Philopotamoidea
Philopotamoidea is a superfamily of caddisflies (order Trichoptera) comprising two families: Philopotamidae and Stenopsychidae. The superfamily is considered paraphyletic in current phylogenetic treatments. Members are aquatic insects with larval stages inhabiting freshwater environments. The group is recognized by morphological features of adult mouthparts and larval case construction.
Phryganea
giant caddisfly, giant caddisflies
Phryganea is a genus of large caddisflies in the family Phryganeidae, commonly known as giant caddisflies. The genus contains approximately 25–30 described species distributed across the northern hemisphere, with particularly high diversity in Europe and Asia. Larvae construct portable cases from plant material and are among the most primitive of the tube-case-building caddisflies. Adults are notable for their relatively large size compared to other caddisfly genera.
Phryganea cinerea
Rush Sedge Caddisfly
Phryganea cinerea is a caddisfly species in the family Phryganeidae, one of the most primitive families of tube-case-building caddisflies. Larvae are characterized by abundant setae (bristles) across the body surface, which play a significant role in sensory perception and behavior given their poor eyesight. The species has been studied for its tactile responses, with setae on different body regions producing distinct directional responses to mechanical stimulation.
Phryganea sayi
Say's Giant Caddisfly, Say's Giant Casemaker
Phryganea sayi is a species of giant caddisfly in the family Phryganeidae, commonly known as Say's Giant Caddisfly or Say's Giant Casemaker. It is one of the larger caddisfly species in North America. Like other members of Phryganeidae, the larvae construct portable cases from plant material. The species was described by Milne in 1931.
Phryganeidae
Giant Casemaker Caddisflies
Phryganeidae is a family of large caddisflies comprising approximately 16 genera and at least 80 described species. Adults are among the largest caddisflies, with wingspans reaching 40 mm or more. Larvae are aquatic case-makers, constructing distinctive cylindrical cases from plant fragments arranged in ring-like patterns. The family occurs across the Holarctic region, with species inhabiting diverse freshwater habitats from cool mountain streams to acidic bog pools.
Phylloicus aeneus
Phylloicus aeneus is a caddisfly species in the family Calamoceratidae, first described by Hagen in 1861. It is known from Central America and is part of a genus of caddisflies whose larvae construct distinctive leaf-case shelters. The species belongs to an order of aquatic insects with high ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems.
Phylloicus mexicanus
Phylloicus mexicanus is a species of caddisfly in the family Calamoceratidae, described by Nathan Banks in 1900. The genus Phylloicus is known for larvae that construct distinctive leaf cases using cut pieces of living leaves. This species occurs in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, with the specific epithet suggesting Mexican distribution. As with other Calamoceratidae, larvae are likely associated with freshwater habitats where they feed on plant material.
Phylocentropus lucidus
Phylocentropus lucidus is a species of caddisfly in the family Dipseudopsidae. It is found in North America. The species was first described by Hagen in 1861. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it belongs to a group of aquatic insects closely related to moths and butterflies, with larvae that typically inhabit freshwater environments.
Platycentropus
chocolate and cream sedge
Platycentropus is a genus of northern caddisflies (order Trichoptera) in the family Limnephilidae. The genus was established by Ulmer in 1905 and contains at least three described species distributed across North America. One species, Platycentropus radiatus, is commonly known as the "chocolate and cream sedge." These are case-making caddisflies typical of the family Limnephilidae.
Plectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
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live-incatch-witheffect-ofgenerated-byinvestigatedvery-irregularly-wovenopen-at-both-endsweakly-dampeneddoes-not-changeexcitesthe-moreexceedslead-toas-ifotherwisesometimes-occurssuggestsour-objectivesexaminein-particularlook-forany-evidencethereforein-order-toat-the-beginningover-foursubsequently-comparedreared-fromranged-fromindicating-thatsufficiently-powerfullikely-to-bealthoughcould-not-be-excludeddid-not-differsuggesting-thatvery-quicklydoes-not-persistindicated-thatpossibly-suggestingsome-direct-or-indirect-meanswhen-approachingour-countssuggested-thatapparently-very-highmay-be-a-consequenceall-refutealso-providedbelong-tocan-be-separatedwith-respect-tohas-been-reportedmembers-ofprovide-importantfor-exampledue-tothese-form-the-basisonly-fivepublished-thus-farwith-variable-qualitiesregardingwas-successfully-usedof-thecomparedyieldedboth-in-termsto-dateextend-our-knowledgeacrosswas-identified-and-comparedwith-existingpresented-in-this-paperare-amongwill-increaseby-serving-asfrom-larvae-ofare-given-onof-the-adultused-bothto-evaluatethere-was-nodespitegiven-theimplied-thatis-implausibly-smalldo-not-explainat-small-scalescould-account-forfor-instancemay-thenover-larger-scalescould-reducemay-date-fromhave-rarely-examinedyet-these-processesmay-be-central-tofrom-the-rivers-and-streamsaspects-ofare-reported-herecan-be-used-ashigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-and-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actions-or-habitsrole-in-ecosysteminteraction-with-humansmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-repeating-taxonomyno-overly-technical-jargonprefer-concretehigh-only-if-most-fields-well-supportedmedium-if-partial-but-reliablelow-if-sparse-datatrue-only-if-generalization-usedstrictly-matchno-commentary-outside-JSONgenerate-taxon-recordtaxonPlectrocnemiaoptional-contextmay-be-incompleteif-a-field-cannot-be-supportedkeep-each-section-focusedprovide-useful-detailfactual-correctnessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationinformation-not-clearly-supporteddo-not-infer-species-level-traitsfrom-higher-taxaunless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeatsame-informationmultiple-fieldseach-field-must-containunique-non-overlapping-contentuse-cautious-languageaccurateconservativeinformativestructuredrecordsscientificNamecanonicalNamescientificNameAuthorshiptaxonRankcommonNamessubfamilyspeciesEpithetsubspeciesEpithetPlectrocnemia cinerea
Plectrocnemia cinerea is a species of caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae. It was originally described as Polycentropus cinereus by Hagen in 1861. The species is known from North America, with distribution records including Vermont in the United States. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it belongs to a group of insects closely related to moths and butterflies, with aquatic larval stages and terrestrial adults.
Plectrocnemia crassicornis
tube maker caddisfly
Plectrocnemia crassicornis is a species of tube maker caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae, first described by Walker in 1852. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it belongs to a group of aquatic insects whose larvae construct protective cases or retreats. The species is known from North America, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Polycentropodidae
Tube Maker Caddisflies, Trumpet-net Caddisflies
Polycentropodidae is a family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) commonly known as tube makers or trumpet-net caddisflies. The family contains at least 33 genera and over 720 described species globally. Larvae construct distinctive silken retreats—short flattened tubes in rock hollows or slender tubular structures among aquatic vegetation—often surrounded by silken threads that function as prey detection devices. The family exhibits a disjunct distribution pattern in some regions, with species found in both tropical and temperate zones.
Polycentropus
tube maker caddisflies
Polycentropus is a large genus of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the family Polycentropodidae, containing more than 190 described species. The genus is commonly referred to as 'tube maker caddisflies' due to the silken retreat structures constructed by larvae. Species occur across multiple continents including Europe, Asia, and South America. Larvae are predatory and inhabit running waters, where they build silken retreats with capture nets to trap prey.
Polycentropus arizonensis
Polycentropus arizonensis is a species of caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1905. As a member of the order Trichoptera, it represents one of the diverse aquatic insect groups whose larvae develop in freshwater environments. The species is known from the southwestern United States and adjacent regions of Mexico. Like other Polycentropus species, it likely possesses larvae adapted for predatory or filter-feeding lifestyles in lotic or lentic habitats.
Polycentropus maculatus
spotted tube maker caddisfly
Polycentropus maculatus is a species of tube-making caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae. The species was described by Banks in 1908 and is known from North America. As a member of the genus Polycentropus, it constructs silken tubes for larval habitat.
Polycentropus variegatus
Polycentropus variegatus is a species of caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae, originally described by Banks in 1900. It is currently treated as a synonym of Plectrocnemia variegata. The species is known from North America. As a member of the Polycentropodidae, it belongs to a group of net-spinning caddisflies whose larvae construct silken nets to capture prey.
Potamyia
netspinning caddisflies
Potamyia is a genus of netspinning caddisflies in the family Hydropsychidae, containing more than 20 described species. Larvae are aquatic and inhabit streams, with five instars characterized by progressive increases in head capsule width. They are omnivorous filter-feeders that consume diatoms, green algae, filamentous algae, detritus, and arthropod fragments. The genus is distributed across Asia, with documented species in Thailand, China, and other regions.
Potamyia flava
Yellow Net-spinning Caddisfly
Potamyia flava is a species of net-spinning caddisfly in the family Hydropsychidae, distributed across North America. As a member of the Hydropsychidae, larvae construct fixed capture nets to filter food particles from flowing water. Adults are recognized by their yellow coloration, which distinguishes them from related species. The species has been well-documented through citizen science observations, with over 2,000 records on iNaturalist.