Europe
Guides
Tetrops praeusta
Tetrops praeusta is a synonym of Tetrops praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758), a small longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. The name has been used in historical literature but is not currently accepted. The valid species Tetrops praeustus is known from Europe, where it develops in woody plants.
Themira nigricornis
black scavenger fly
Themira nigricornis is a species of black scavenger fly in the family Sepsidae, first described by Meigen in 1826. It is native to Europe with records across western, central, eastern, and northern regions, and has been introduced to the Nearctic region including the United States. The species was first documented in south-eastern Europe in 2014 from an urban site in Bucharest, Romania, representing the southernmost European location for the species. Adults are necrophagous and have been observed on decomposing animal carcasses.
Thera juniperata
Juniper Carpet
Thera juniperata, commonly known as the Juniper Carpet, is a moth species in the family Geometridae. It occurs throughout Europe and the Near East, with records also from North America. The species is considered uncommon and locally distributed, primarily due to its specialized larval dependence on juniper as a food source. Adults are active in late autumn, with the species exhibiting a single generation per year.
Therioaphis riehmi
Sweetclover Aphid
Therioaphis riehmi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Sweetclover Aphid. It belongs to a genus containing economically significant agricultural pests, including the spotted alfalfa aphid. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Thyraylia nana
Birch Conch
Thyraylia nana is a small tortricid moth commonly known as the Birch Conch. First described by Haworth in 1811, this species occurs across Europe, extends into the Amur Oblast of Russia, and has been recorded in Nova Scotia, Canada. The species is associated with birch host plants, reflecting its common name.
Tinea dubiella
Buff Clothes Moth
Tinea dubiella is a small moth in the family Tineidae, commonly known as the Buff Clothes Moth. Native to Europe, it has established populations in New Zealand. Adults are nocturnal and active in mid-summer. The larvae feed on keratinous materials including wool, hides, furs, and feathers, and are often found in indoor environments such as barns and stables.
Tomocerus vulgaris
Tomocerus vulgaris is a European springtail species in the family Tomoceridae, characterized by an elongate body form and relatively long antennae. It is a soil-dwelling organism that has been documented as prey for harvestmen, which use adhesive secretions to capture this species despite its water-repellent cuticle. The species has been subject to bionomic studies examining its life history and temperature-dependent development.
Toxonevra muliebris
flutter fly
Toxonevra muliebris is a small pallopterid fly native to Europe with introduced populations in western North America. Adults are recognized by their distinctive wing pattern featuring broad brown bands. Males exhibit characteristic wing-fluttering behavior that gives the family its common name. The species is associated with tree bark habitats and has been increasingly observed indoors, particularly in North American residences.
Trachelas
Trachelas is a genus of hunting spiders in the family Trachelidae, established by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872. The genus contains approximately 99 species with worldwide distribution across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Trachelas sensu stricto is restricted to the Old World, while New World species represent a distinct lineage only distantly related to the core group. The genus has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with species previously assigned to Corinnidae now placed in Trachelidae.
Trachelipodidae
Trachelipodid Woodlice
Trachelipodidae is a family of terrestrial isopods (woodlice) within the suborder Oniscidea. The family was established by Strouhal in 1953 and is classified within the infraorder Orthogonopoda and parvorder Crinocheta. Members are found across Europe and North America, with documented occurrences in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the United States (including Vermont), and Romania. The genus Trachelipus is the best-known within the family, with species such as T. trilobatus having been subject to recent distributional studies.
Trachyuropodidae
Trachyuropodidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata, classified within the suborder Monogynaspida and infraorder Uropodina. The family contains genera such as Leonardiella, with species documented from European and Asian localities including Turkey. Members are found in association with woody vegetation, particularly oak and willow habitats. The group belongs to the diverse assemblage of soil-dwelling and litter-inhabiting mites that contribute to decomposition processes.
Trechus obtusus
Trechus obtusus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described from Europe and now established as an invasive species in Hawaii. It has been documented in large numbers in pitfall traps at Pu'u Maka'ala Natural Area Reserve on the island of Hawaii, where it may compete with or displace native carabid species. The species has a broad native distribution spanning North America, Europe, and Africa, with six recognized subspecies showing regional variation.
Trichonyx sulcicollis
Trichonyx sulcicollis is a small rove beetle (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae) originally described from Europe in 1816. It belongs to the tribe Trichonychini within the diverse ant-loving beetle group (Pselaphinae). The species has been recorded across much of Europe and has been introduced to the northeastern United States (New Hampshire, New York). As a pselaphine rove beetle, it is likely associated with leaf litter and soil habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Trichophya
Trichophya is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) established by Mannerheim in 1830. It constitutes the sole genus of the monotypic subfamily Trichophyinae. The genus contains at least two described species, Trichophya andrewesi and Trichophya antennalis, with records from Europe and North America.
Trichosirocalus
rosette weevils, crown weevils
A genus of small true weevils native to the Palearctic region. Several species have been widely introduced to North America, Australia, and New Zealand as biological control agents for invasive thistles. The genus was historically treated as containing a single species, T. horridus, but integrative taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological data have revealed multiple distinct species with different host associations.
weevilbiological-controlthistleinvasive-species-managementCeutorhynchinaerosette-feederCeutorhynchiniBaridinaetaxonomic-revisionclassical-biological-controlCarduusCirsiumOnopordumPalearctic-nativeintroduced-speciesmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomyunivoltineleaf-mineragricultural-pest-controlpasture-weed-managementspecies-complexhost-specificitymusk-thistleplumeless-thistleScotch-thistleIllyrian-thistlewelted-thistleItalian-thistlecrown-weevilrosette-weeviloviposition-behavioroverwinteringegg-stagelarval-stageadult-stagedecaying-organic-mattersoil-surfacenon-photosynthetic-leavesgreen-leavesleaf-midribspetiolesleaf-miningnotching-damagerosette-survivalflowering-stem-reductionseed-production-reductionrosette-mortalitypopulation-density-effectsmark-recapturedispersal-patternsartificial-diet-rearinglaboratory-culturevitamin-supplementationlyophilized-thistle-rootsergosterolcasein-hydrolysate7-dehydrocholesterolsucroselarval-survivaladult-longevityovipositionfemale-fecundityfield-cage-experimentsindividual-cage-experimentsgrowth-parameter-reductionpre-release-host-specificity-testingpost-release-monitoringestablishment-successrange-expansionforested-areasagricultural-landpasturesmall-farmscropsdisturbed-habitatsmeadowsdense-patchesrosette-size-preferencespatial-distributionselective-ovipositionautumn-egg-layingwinter-larval-developmentspring-pupationlate-summer-adult-emergencesoil-overwinteringplant-debris-overwinteringrachisleaf-dissectiondestructive-samplingnon-destructive-samplingsampling-biaslife-stage-detectionestablished-populationsmitochondrial-COInuclear-EF-1αmorphological-charactershost-plant-associationssynonymyspecies-validityintroduction-historyrelease-recordsestablishment-recordsOld-World-nativeNew-World-introductionSouthern-Hemisphere-introductionAustraliaNew-ZealandNorth-AmericaVirginiaSouthwest-VirginiaEuropeSpainFranceGermanyItalySwitzerlandAustriaScandinaviaDenmarkNorwaySwedenColonnelli-1979Panzer-1801Alonso-Zarazaga-&-Sánchez-Ruiz-2002Ceutorhynchinae-vs-Baridinaesubfamily-placementtribe-placementtrue-weevilsCurculionidaeColeopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimalia882-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-recordsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-TaxonomyBulletin-of-Entomological-ResearchJournal-of-Applied-EcologyJournal-of-Entomological-ScienceAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaEnvironmental-EntomologyDOI-10.1017/s000748531500084xDOI-10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00747.xDOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.324DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.330DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.465DOI-10.1093/aesa/73.6.694DOI-10.1093/ee/10.5.691Tricimba lineella
frit fly
Tricimba lineella is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, first described by Fallén in 1820. It is a small dipteran known from European populations. The species belongs to a genus of grass-associated flies, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Trigonaspis radicola
Trigonaspis radicola is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. The species is known for inducing root galls on oak species (Quercus), distinguishing it from many cynipids that form galls on above-ground plant parts. Like other members of the tribe Cynipini, it has a complex life cycle involving alternating sexual and asexual generations, typically associated with different oak host species or plant structures. The species name 'radicola' (meaning 'root-dwelling') reflects its distinctive subterranean gall-forming habit.
Trimerina madizans
shore fly
Trimerina madizans is a species of shore fly in the family Ephydridae. The species was described by Fallén in 1813. Larvae are specialized predators of spider eggs, an unusual feeding strategy among Diptera. It occurs across northern and central Europe.
Trimium brevicorne
Trimium brevicorne is a small rove beetle in the subfamily Pselaphinae, commonly known as ant-loving beetles. The species occurs across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and has been introduced to North America. It belongs to a group of beetles that are typically found in association with ant colonies.
Trogus lapidator
Trogus lapidator is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp that develops within the pupae of the Old World swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon. It is notable for an unusual emergence mechanism: rather than cutting through the host pupal case with mandibles like most related wasps, it primarily uses a liquid secretion to soften and dissolve host tissue, employing mandibles only secondarily to spread the secretion and minimally enlarge the exit hole at the end of emergence. The species occurs across Europe, with records from Finland to Belgium and Canada.
Trypodendron domesticum
European hardwood ambrosia beetle
Trypodendron domesticum is a European ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is a wood-boring pest of hardwoods that has been introduced to North America. The species is morphologically similar to the closely related T. lineatum, requiring molecular methods for reliable identification. It is one of four Trypodendron species documented in Europe.
Tvetenia
non-biting midges
Tvetenia is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. Species occur across northern and eastern Europe, extending into Russia and Central Asia. The genus was established by Kieffer in 1922. Taxonomic revisions have clarified species boundaries, including the synonymy of T. vitracies with T. tshernovskii.
Uroleucon cirsii
Large Thistle Aphid
Uroleucon cirsii, commonly known as the large thistle aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a phloem-feeding insect that specializes on thistles and related plants in the Asteraceae family. Like other members of the genus Uroleucon, it exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during the growing season, forming colonies of females that reproduce without males. The species is known from Europe, with confirmed records in Belgium, Denmark, and Norway.
Winnertzia solidaginis
Winnertzia solidaginis is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Felt in 1907. It is found in Europe, with confirmed records from Norway and Sweden. The specific epithet "solidaginis" indicates an association with goldenrod (Solidago), though the precise nature of this relationship has not been documented in detail. Like other members of Cecidomyiidae, it is presumed to have a larval stage that develops in association with plant tissue.
Winthemia quadripustulata
Red-Tailed Tachina
Winthemia quadripustulata is a species of tachinid fly (family Tachinidae) native to North America and parts of Europe. As a parasitoid, it has been documented as an internal parasite of caterpillars, specifically including larvae of the White-lined Sphinx moth (Hyles lineata). The species is one of several Winthemia flies known to attack sphingid caterpillars.
Xenolechia aethiops
Xenolechia aethiops is a small moth in the family Gelechiidae, with a wingspan of approximately 18 mm. The species is native to Europe, ranging from Ireland and Denmark to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and Greece, with additional populations in North Africa and Turkey. It has also been reported from North America, including records from Alberta, Arizona, California, Maine, Saskatchewan, and Texas. Adults are active in late spring, with flight periods recorded in May and June.
Zaira
Zaira is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Tachinidae, first described by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. The genus comprises tachinid flies whose larvae develop as parasitoids of adult beetles. Members are classified within the subfamily Exoristinae and tribe Blondeliini.
Zatypota anomala
Zatypota anomala is a koinobiont ichneumonid wasp in the tribe Ephialtini that parasitizes mesh web weaving spiders in the family Dictynidae. It is strictly specialized on Dictyna and Nigma spiders in Europe, with a distribution concentrated at mid-elevations in central European forest ecotones. The species exhibits elevation-dependent host partitioning, parasitizing Nigma at lower elevations (179–254 m a.s.l.) and Dictyna at higher elevations (361–870 m a.s.l.). First recorded from Italy in 2022, parasitizing Dictyna pusilla.
Zerconidae
Zerconidae is a family of mesostigmatid mites found primarily in soil and litter habitats across the Northern Hemisphere. The family includes approximately 20 genera and numerous species, with documented occurrences in North America, Europe, Turkey, and other regions. These mites have been collected from diverse habitats including boreal forests, temperate woodlands, reforested areas, felled sites, and forest canopies. Several genera are recognized, including Zercon, Prozercon, Mixozercon, Boreozercon, and Halozercon.